Megat Danish Qusyairi bin Rozelan

161341860
RY20

1. Three critical factors affecting the production of REPG with relevant examples and give
two actions that can be taken to boost up the electricity production by applying the concept of
Scientific Principle of Renewable Energy

Renewable energy may also cause adverse impact on ecological environment. The negative
effects of REPG are noise, visual impacts, impact on wildlife and natural habitat, land form
disturbance and soil erosion problems. For example, implementing large scale solar power
plant is going to consume a lot of land space which is going to interrupt the natural habitat of
animals. Next, over reliance of coal hinder the progress of REPG. This is because coal has a
high net energy yield compared to other energy sources. In most countries, coal is still an
abundance source of energy and it is readily available. For instance, half of electricity in the
United States of America is generated via coal which means coal is abundance in the U.S
leading to a cheaper price compared to other energy sources. Furthermore, cost of
infrastructural development of renewable energy plants is expensive. Since the aim of every
power-based companies is to reduce the cost production as low as possible, many of these
companies are reluctant to change from the existing power plants to a new clean energy
power plants.

(181 words)

2(a) State one example of hybrid system technology that can be used with
two related application and analyse how this system can effectively help rural
area to generate electricity.

Micro-Hydro Power Plant is an example of the hybrid system technology which can be used
in rural areas. This machine has a production power of less than 100kW. The associated
applications are specific flow and height capability, since electricity produced by micro-
hydropower is highly dependent on the height of the waterfall and hydro-discharge. The
electrical energy that can be generated also increases as the flow capacity and height from the
installation increase. The 5-100 kW micro-hydro power plant can be used to drive irrigation
pumps, agricultural machinery and rural operations, schooling, workshops and others using
electricity. The power which the micro-hydropower plant produces depends on the size of the
head and hydro discharge. Head is the difference between the hydro level in the reservoir and
the hydro level in the reservoir leaving the hydro turbine.
(135 words)

(b) Identify one example of hydroelectric power station in

Malaysia, then with the aid of diagram, discuss in details the working principle
applied for the stated power station and how it affects the environmental-ecological
system.

Malaysia’s largest hydroelectric plant is Bakun power plant which is located in Sarawak

A dam holds back the water, creating a large reservoir. Once, the gates of the dam are open,
gravity pulls the water through the penstock which move towards the turbine. The water hit
and turn the large blades of a turbine which is attached to a generator above by a shaft. A
series of magnets inside the generator also turns. Giant magnets rotate past copper coils,
producing alternating current (AC) by moving electrons. The transformer inside the
powerhouse takes the AC and converts it to higher-voltage current. Out of every power plant
come four wires: the three phases of power being produced simultaneously plus a neutral or
ground common to all three. Used water is carried through pipelines, called tailraces, and re-
enters the river downstream.
The dam structure does block aquatic animals from migration. The power plant changes the
temperature of the water, which affects the aquatic organisms as well. The power plant itself
requires a lot of land use which destroys the forest, wildlife habitat and agricultural land.
(182 words)

(c) Propose four crucial components needed to construct fish culture tank by applying the
concept of geothermal power plant and pump. Justify your answer.

First component is tank. Main considerations in choosing the material for any type of tank is
its ability to hold water, resist corrosion and remain non-toxic to fish. For a healthier fish
crop, choose a smooth material that won’t scratch fish that brush against it, and which doesn’t
have pores to retain dirt and bacteria.
Mechanical aeration, or oxygenation, takes the place of waves, wind and flow to keep water
moving so that it circulates to the surface and picks up oxygen. Types of mechanical aerators
include air stones, pure oxygen injectors and pumps that circulate water between the bottom
of the tank and the surface.
Regulating temperature of the pond is important to obtain suitable temperature for fish
farming .Geothermal water is used for heating the fish pond via a heat exchanger. A heat
exchanger allows the flow of thermal energy between two or more water streams at different
temperatures.
Fish needs to be transferred from one tank to another for hygiene maintenance. Inlet and
outlet gates are important to move fresh water in and dirty water out. Pumps such as propeller
and centrifugal pumps play a role to drain a tank for cleaning purposes.
(196 words)