INTRODUCTION

Comparators are the second most widely used components in electronic

circuits, after operational amplifiers. It is a device that compares two voltages
(or currents) and outputs a digital signal indicating which is larger. It has two
analog input terminals V+, and V-, and one binary digital output Vo. It is
commonly used in devices that measure and digitize analog signals, such as
analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). A voltage comparator is a circuit that
compares the instantaneous value of an input signal νin(t) with a reference
voltage Vref and produces a logic output level depending on whether the input
is larger or smaller than the reference level.
The most important application for a high-speed voltage comparator
occurs in an analog-to-digital converter system. In fact, the conversion speed
is limited by the decision-making response time of the comparator. Other
systems may also require voltage comparison, such as zero-crossing detectors,
peak detectors, and full-wave rectifiers.
Comparator designs are presented as the single-ended auto-zeroing
comparator is examined, followed by simple and multistage differential
comparators, regenerative comparators, and fully differential comparators.
Several design principles are introduced that can be used to minimize input
offset voltage and clock-feedthrough effects. Comparators are key
components for analog-digital converters and consequently for modern
wireless and mobile communication. It is designed to produce well limited
output voltages that easily interface with digital logic. Compatibility with
digital logic must be verified while using an op-amp as a comparator.
 MATERIALS USED

LABEL COMPONENTS
R1 10 kΩ , 1/8 watts, carbon resistor
VR1 50 kΩ , potentiometer
IC LM 353
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

COMPARATOR (CIRCUIT LAYOUT)

COMPARATOR (PCB LAYOUT)

 TECHNICAL DISCUSSION
We are asked to design and construct the second Design experiment which is
the comparator. Our First Design experiment consists of Noise generator, Pulse
generator and Summing Amplifier. The purpose of the Comparator in a
Regeneration circuit is used to recover the original pulse signal from the pulse
signal that is combined with noise.
To begin this with, we searched different Circuit constructions and we chose
three Circuits to test which requires that the circuit must be compatible or match the
circuit that we used in the first Design Experiment. Upon simulating, we observed
the output for the summing amplifier together with the output of the comparator.
Upon our first testing we observed that our Output is distorted in a way that it
produces a trapezoidal waveform. The group tries to add a resistor in series with the
50 kΩ potentiometer and still the output is the same. We tried changing the IC to be
used since it might also affect the whole circuit because different IC’s have
different uses and it can be seen in the specification sheets.
Once the group were able to get the desired output, to be able to check if the
output is correct, removing the noise from the summing amplifier will lead to a
summing amplifier output of a pulse signal and since there is no noise to be
compared with the pulse signal, the output of the comparator is also a pulse signal.
Removing the Summing Amplifier input to the comparator will just lead to a dc
signal output. Also, when removing the pulse signal from the summing amplifier,
the result of the summing amplifier and the comparator will only just be the noise
signal. The desired output is the recovered original signal which is the pulse signal
wherein the Amplitude and Width can also be varied when simultaneously varying
the Pulse Amplitude or Pulse Width from the first design experiment.
 FINAL OUTPUT WAVEFORM

CHANNEL 1 : SUMMING AMPLIFIER OUTPUT

CHANNEL 2 : COMPARATOR OUTPUT

OUTPUT WAVEFORM
(Noise is removed from summing amplifier)

CHANNEL 1 : SUMMING AMPLIFIER OUTPUT

CHANNEL 2 : COMPARATOR OUTPUT
 OUTPUT WAVEFORM
(Summing Amplifier Output is removed from Comparator)

CHANNEL 1 : SUMMING AMPLIFIER OUTPUT

CHANNEL 2 : COMPARATOR OUTPUT

OUTPUT WAVEFORM
(Pulse Signal is removed from summing amplifier)

CHANNEL 1 : SUMMING AMPLIFIER OUTPUT

CHANNEL 2 : COMPARATOR OUTPUT
SPECIFICATIONS