4

only survives at low frequencies, Ω ≤ Ωco2 . We observe

T
0.2 2 an analogous behaviour at the higher T = 0.1, although
~Ω
0.1
0.01
the intensity of the Ω3/2 term now increases of almost a
factor of four. Eventually, at the highest T = 2 × 10−1 ,
Γanh (Ω,T) = Γ (Ω,T) - Γdis(Ω)

-1 we also recover the Ω3/2 term which, however, crosses

10
over to a residual Ω2 dependence for Ω ! Ωco . Note that
the last feature is still of anharmonic origin, and is not
0,4 related to a variation with temperature of the strength
δ2 (T) ~T of the elastic heterogeneity, as already demonstrated by
0,3 δ3/2 (T)
some of us in37 . Overall, the Ω3/2 scaling at low fre-
3/2 0,2
-2
~Ω quency confirms the fractional frequency dependence of
10 0,1 ~T
1/2
broadening reported in the experimental work of59 , and
0,0 predicted by the theory of58 .
-3 -2 -1 0
10 10 T 10 10 Finally we note that the complete (T -Ω) dependence
0 for the total Γ in this low-frequency range has been pro-
Ω 10
posed to scale as Γ(Ω, T ) = δ3/2 (T ) Ω3/2 , with δ3/2 (T ) ∝
√ 58,59
FIG. 3. The anharmonic contribution Γanh (Ω, T ) calculated T , which also seems to be fulfilled by our data, as
by subtracting from the total broadening the disorder term shown in the inset of Fig. 3.
at T = 10−3 related to the elastic heterogeneities. In the
inset we show the T -dependence of the parameter δ2 and δ3/2 ,
discussed in the main text. C. Vibrational density of states

disentangle the different contributions. We now demonstrate precisely and in a very direct way
the relation between the anomalous transverse acoustic-
like excitations behaviour and the BP properties. Note
B. Anharmonic contribution that in Ref.15 we demonstrated a possible connection
between the sound softening encoded in the pseudo-
We start by posing Γ(Ω, T ) = Γdis (Ω) + Γanh (Ω, T )59 , dispersion curves and the BP, simply assuming q to be
where Γdis (Ω) encodes the T -independent effect of dis- a good parameter for labelling vibrations in glasses, and
order and is related to the (T = 0) inherent structure counting the number of acoustic modes in the low-q re-
features. Γanh (Ω, T ), in contrast, is a T -dependent con- gion. This procedure quite accurately reproduced the BP
tribution related to the anharmonic couplings at finite T . feature in the reduced ĝ(Ω) = g(Ω)/Ω2 .
In all generality, we model Γdis (Ω) with a term ∝ Ω4 in Here we adopt a different point of view, based on the
the Rayleigh, and ∝ Ω2 , in the high-frequency regions, heterogeneous elasticity theory36–39 , which provides a re-
respectively. We next join continuously the two power markable relation between the (longitudinal) broadening
laws at Ω = Ωco , by imposing and the BP of the form ĝ(Ω) = 3/Ω3D +f Γ(Ω)/(ΩD Ω)237 .
In the original theory, f (≃ 4.8 in the present case) is
⎧α
⎨ dis Ω4 , for Ω < Ωco , a frequency-independent parameter that can be deter-
Γdis (Ω) = Ω2co (3) mined from the macroscopic velocities of sound and the
⎩ density of the material. In the present work we consider
αdis Ω2 , for Ω > Ωco .
a plainly Ω and T -dependent model, by considering the
By adjusting this formula to the data of Fig. 2 (a) we approximation of38 for the response functions. One can
extract αdis ≃ 0.2 and Ωco ≃ 1.0. (Ωco corresponds to show that, for cL > cT and ΓL ≪ ΓT , the analogous
the length scale ξ = 2πcT /Ωco ≃ 20, which is associated relation for the transverse broadening can be simply ex-
to the vortex-like structure of the non-affine displacement pressed as42
field51 .) We can now obtain the anharmonic contribution $ %$ %
by subtracting the disorder term from the total broaden- 3 4 Γ(Ω)
ĝ(Ω) = 3 + 2 c2 (Ω) . (5)
ing, as ΩD πqD Ω2 + Γ2 (Ω)

Γanh (Ω, T ) = Γ(Ω, T ) − Γdis (Ω). (4) Note that with this model, we include both the effect of
the sound softening, and a mild temperature dependence
Note that we have systematically smoothed the quite of the macroscopic velocity observed at high T 51 .
scattered data by averaging over bins each containing In Fig. 4 we plot separately the two sides of the equa-
two points. tion discussed above, without any adjustable parameters.
We show the results for Γanh (Ω, T ) at T ≥ 10−2 in The data at T = 10−3 are in nice qualitative agreement
the main panel of Fig. 3. As expected, all curves van- with the ĝ(Ω). Indeed, the rescaled broadening data
ish in the limit Ω → 0, where anharmonic effects must grasp the macroscopic (Debye) limit, increase quadrat-
disappear. At T = 10−2 the fractional Ω3/2 dependence ically in the Raleigh range, and saturate to a constant