142 3.

Elastic Stress-Strain Relations

(a) (b )

(d)

FIGURE 3.8. Stress-strain relations for isotropie linear elastie materials. (a) Simple
tension test; (b) simple shear test; (e) general multiaxial state; (d) hydrostatie
eompression test.

and transverse strains according to

VUx
E =E
y'
= -/JEx = - E
- (3.80)

where E is Young's modulus and /J Poisson's ratio. It should be noted that

the normal stress (Ix produces no shear strain. On the other hand, in a pure
shear test (Fig. 3.8b), the shear stress rxy produces no normal strain but
only the shear strain 'Yxy as

rxy
')Ixy = G (3.81)

where G is the shear modulus of elasticity.

Consider now a three-dimensional isotropic rectangular element, sub-
jected to a triaxial state of stress (Fig. 3.8c). According to the small-
deformation assumption, the principle of superposition applies under multi-
axial stressing. Then the simultaneous action of (Ix, (Iv, and (Iz and ry" r,x,