3.3.

Nonlinear Elastic Isotropic Stress-Strain Relation 151

SaLUTIaN. Substituting for erij = Sij+terkkBij in Eq. (3.84), we have

l+v 1-2v
Eij=ESij+~I,Bij (3.120)

where I, = erkko Substituting for Eij from Eq. (3.120) into Eq. (3.114), we can
write n as

1+ v
n=--
E
f0
<T'j

IJ IJ
1- 2v
s--der-+--
3E
f
<T'j

0
I,B--der-
IJ IJ

(3.121)

(3.122a)

or, in terms of G, and K, we have

n=~+-.!..L (3.122b)
2G 18K
For positive values of bulk modulus K and shear maduius G, the com-
plementary energy density il in Eq. (3.122b) is a positive definite quadratic
form in the components of stress (since both Ii and 12 are always positive
and cannot be zero uniess erij = 0). For an isotropic linear elastic material,
n is found explicitly in terms of the existing components of stress (current
valu es of I, and 1 2 ) irrespective of the loading (stress) path followed to
reach these current stress components; that is, n in this case is path
independent. However, in general, this is not true for Cauchy elastic
materials, whether linear or nonlinear. This is illustrated further in the
following example for a linear Cauchy elastic mode!.

EXAMPLE 3.5. In the two-dimensional principal space (er" er2, E" and E2),
the behavior of a linear Cauchy elastic material is described by the stress-
strain relations:

(3.123)

where a", a\2, a2', and a22 are material constants and a\2,e a 2,. Consider
two different stress paths 1 and 2 as shown in Fig. 3.10. Path 1 is from (0,0)
to (err, ern, changing first er, and then er2. On the other hand, Path 2 is
also from (0,0) to (err, ern, but in this case, er2 is changed first and then
er,. Ca1culate n for Paths 1 and 2. Also, find n for the complete cyc1e
OACBO shown in Fig. 3.10. Comment on the results.