164 3.

Elastic Stress-Strain Relations

( 0 ) ( b)

FIGURE 3.13. External agency and Drucker's stability postulate. (a) Existing system;
(b) existing system and external agency.

A stable material is defined to be the one that satisfies the following

eonditions (now known as Drueker's stability postulates):
1. During the applieation of the added set of forees, the work done by the
external agency on the ehanges in displacements it produces is positive.
2. Over the cycle of application and removal of the added set of forees,
the new work performed by the external agency on the changes in
displacements it produces is non-negative.
It is emphasized that the work referred to is only the work done by the
added set of forees, t, F j, on the change in displacements Uj it produces,
not the work done by the total forees on Uj. Mathematically, the two stability
requirements can be stated as

L tujdA+ L FjujdV>O (3.158)

tA tUjdA+tv F juj dV2:.0 (3.159)

in which f indicates integration over a cycle of addition and removal of the

additional set of forees and stresses.
The first postulate, Eq. (3.158), is called stability in small, while the second,
Eq. (3.159), is termed stability in cycle. Note that these stability requirements
are more restrictive than the laws of thermodynamics, which require only
that the work done by the total (existing) forees F j and Tj on Uj be
non-negative.
Applying the principle of virtual work to the "added" equilibrium set, Fj ,
t, and ,jij, and the corresponding compatible set, Uj and Eij' the stability
conditions in Eqs. (3.158) and (3.159) can be reduced to the following