144 3.

Elastic Stress-Strain Relations

and
vE
A=------ (3.86b)
(I + v)(1-2v)
or, conversely, Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio vean be expressed
in terms of ~ and A as
E = :.-1-'...:..(3_A_+_2-'-.1-'-:.-) (3.87a)
A+I-'
A
v=--- (3.87b)
2(A + 1-')
By usi-ng E<lIs. (3.86a) and (3.86b) in Eq. (3.75), the tensor of elastic
moduli, CijkI. can be expressed in terms of E and v:

E [ 2v ] (3.88)
Cijkl = 2( I + v) (1 _ 2 v) SijSkl + SikSjl + SilSjk

Note that Elli.. (3.84) may be written in a compact form:

(3.89a)
and
(1+V)[
D"I}kl = - 2v S"Skl + SkSI + SISk ] (3.89b)
1 +-
-- - -
2E v I) I J I)

where D ijkl is the inverse of C ijkl and is called the compIianee tensor.
Another moduius of elasticity discussed here is the so-called bulk modulus
K, which is introduced by a hydrostatic compression test as shown in Fig.
3.8d. In this case, CT!! = CT22 = CT33 = P = CTkd3. The bulk modulus K is defined
for this case as the ratio between the hydrostatic pressure p and the
corresponding volume change Ekb i.e.,

(3.90)

From Eq. (3.77), one gets

K=A+~I-' (3.91)
Substituting Eqs. (3.86) and (3.87) into Eq. (3.91) results in
E
K=--- (3.92)
3(1-2v)

3.2.4. Decomposition of Stress-Strain Relation

A neat and logical separation exists between the mean (hydrostatic or
volumetric) and the shear (deviatoric) response components in an isotropic
linear material. The hydrostatic response can be derived directly from Eq.
(3.90) as
(3.93 )