DETERMINATION OF AREA BY SIMPLE TRIANGULATION METHOD

AIM:
To determine the area of the given plot using the method of triangulation. - Quadrilateral
Method

DECRIPTION:
Triangulation is the process of establishing horizontal control in the surveying. The triangulation
system consist of number of inter connected triangles in which the length of the base line and the
triangle are measured very precisely.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
 Theodolite with tripod stand.
 Ranging rod.
 Tape.
 Arrow.

FORMULA USED:
SINEFORMULA:

a b c
= =
sinA sinB sinC

For calculating the sides of a triangle

AB2=AC2+BC2-2*AC*BC*COSθ

θ–angle between ACB

TO FIND AREA:

A=√ s∗( s−a )∗( s−b )∗(s−c)

S=(a+b+c)/2

PROCEDURE:
 The base line is selected and marked as P and Q at 25 m distance apart.
 The other station points namely A,B,C,D where selected around the base line PQ.
 Ranging rods are fixed at each point.
 Now the instrument is placed over the station 'P' and all other adjustment were made.
 Then from 'P' the ranging rod at the station 'Q' is sighted and angles were measured.
 Similarly from station 'P' all the other points were sighted and the angle were measured.
 After that angles were noted by changing the face of the instrument to face right.
 Then the instrument is shifted to station Q and the initial adjustments are done.
 Repeat the same procedure carried out at the station 'P' and the angles were recorded.
 The interior angles were calculated and drawings are drawn.
 Areas are calculated Using's the formula.

TRIANGLE A° B° C°=180-(A°+B°)

ABD 63040’ 290 40’ 860 40’

ACD 300 660 40’ 830 20’

CDF 570 20’ 390 40’ 830

CEF 380 540 880

EFH 540 40’ 350 20’ 900

EGH 340 40’ 570 40’ 870 40’

GHJ 610 20’ 330 20’ 850 20’

GIJ 350 20’ 540 20’ 900 20’

CALCULATION:
FORMULA:

a b c
= =
sinA sinB sinC

TRIANGLE ABD:

3.25 BD AD
= =
sin 29° 40 ' sin 63 ° 40 ' sin 8 6 ° 40'

AD=6.56m

BD=5.89m

3.25+6.56+5.89
S= = 7.85
2

𝑨=√[𝐬∗(𝐬−𝐚)∗(𝐬−𝐛)∗(𝐬−𝐜)]

A1=9.56m2
TRIANGLE ADC:

6.56 AC CD
= =
sin 83° 20 ' sin 66 ° 40 ' sin 30°

AC=6.064m

CD=3.3023m

6.56+6.064+ 3.3023
S= = 7.963
2

𝑨=√[𝐬∗(𝐬−𝐚)∗(𝐬−𝐛)∗(𝐬−𝐜)]

A2=10.05m2

TRIANGLE CDF:

3.3023 CF DF
= =
sin 39° 40 ' sin 83 ° sin57 ° 20 '

CF=4.979m

DF=4.223m

3.3023+ 4.979+ 4.223

S= = 6.2
2

𝑨=√[𝐬∗(𝐬−𝐚)∗(𝐬−𝐛)∗(𝐬−𝐜)]

A3=6.7m2

TRIANGLE CFE:

CE=4.03m

EF=3.068m

4.03+3.068+ 4.979
S= = 6.038
2

𝑨=√[𝐬∗(𝐬−𝐚)∗(𝐬−𝐛)∗(𝐬−𝐜)]

A4=6.176m2

TRIANGLE FEH:

FH=4.83m
 EH=5.3m

4.83+5.3+3.068
S= = 6.35
2

𝑨=√[𝐬∗(𝐬−𝐚)∗(𝐬−𝐛)∗(𝐬−𝐜)]

A5=6.649m2

TRIANGLE EHG:

GE=4.4819m

GH=3.017m

4.4819+3.017+5.3
S= = 6.4
2

𝑨=√[𝐬∗(𝐬−𝐚)∗(𝐬−𝐛)∗(𝐬−𝐜)]

A6=6.7586m2

TRIANGLE GHJ:

HJ=4.817m

GJ=5.472m

4.817+5.472+3.017
S= = 6.653
2

𝑨=√[𝐬∗(𝐬−𝐚)∗(𝐬−𝐛)∗(𝐬−𝐜)]

A7=7.242m2

TRIANGLE GIJ:

IJ=3.1647m

GI=4.4456m

3.1647+4.4456+ 5.472
S= = 6.54
2

𝑨=√[𝐬∗(𝐬−𝐚)∗(𝐬−𝐛)∗(𝐬−𝐜)]

A8=7.0275m2
TOTAL AREA:

𝑨𝟏+𝑨2+𝑨𝟑+𝑨𝟒+A5+A6+A7+A8 = 60.163m2

TOTAL AREA = 60.163m2

 AB=3.25m

RESULT:
The Area of the given plot is 60.163m2