ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

Dr. M. Zahurul Haq 1

 ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

Dr. M. Zahurul Haq 2

 ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

Dr. M. Zahurul Haq 3

 ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger

03
01
01 3
3
02 45 02
78 2
78 2
46 45
46 45

 5  6    5  6    

 
Vmax D
• ReD,max = ν
h i
ST
(a) In-line rows, Vmax = u∞ ST −D
 h i h i
(b) Staggered row, Vmax = max u∞ STS−D ST
p
T
, u∞ 2(SD −D) , SD = SL2 + (ST /2)2
 1/4
hm D Pr
• N um ≡ k = C1 Rem
D,max P r
0.36
P rw

• N um |(N <20) = C2 N um |(N ≥20)

1 2


• ∆P = f 2 ρum NL

• Ẇ = V̇ ∆P = Vav A∆P
ṁ ∆P
• Ẇpump = ρ ηpump

Dr. M. Zahurul Haq 4

 ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

 
1 2
FD = CD A ρu
2 m

Dr. M. Zahurul Haq 5

 ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

 0.14
µb
• Laminar: N u = 1.86(Gz)1/3 µw Gz = ReP
; L/D
r


0.4 : heating
• Turbulent: N u = 0.023Re0.8P rn ; n=
0.3 : cooling

ξcorr [64/Re] f or laminar f low
• Friction factor f =
(1.82 log10 Re − 1.64)−2 f or turbulent f low
Tube area
• Equivalent diameter, Det = Dht = IDt
L 1
• Pressure drop, ∆Pt = ft ID ( ρt Vt2 ), ξcorr = 1
t 2

Annular area
2
IDa −ODt2
• Dha = IDa − ODt , Dea = ODt
2
1 1+κ 1+κ
• ξcorr = (1−κ)2 + (1−κ) ln(κ) , κ = ODt /IDa
L
• ∆Pa = (fa Dh a
+ 1)( 21 ρa Va2 )
Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
• Tube pitch ratio, P R ≡ PT /ODt , 1.2 ≤ P R ≤ 1.5
• Preferred tube length, L:
6 ft (1.83 m), 8 ft (2.44 m), 12 ft (3.66 m), 16 ft (4.88 m), 20 ft (6.1 m), 24 ft (7.32 m).
• Total outside tube area, Ao = Nt (πODt L)
1.0 f or 90o , 45o

• CL =
0.87 f or 30o , 60o

 0.93 f or 1 tube − pass
• CT P = 0.90 f or 2 tube − passes
0.85 f or 3 tube − passes

q h i1/2
CL Ao (P R)2 ODt
• Shell inside diameter, Ds = 0.637 CT P L

Tube-side
 
Nt π 2
• Total tube x-section area, At = Np 4 IDt Np = no. of pass
 0.14
µb ReP r
• Laminar: N u = 1.86(Gz)1/3 µw ;
Gz = L/OD t

0.4 : heating
• Turbulent: N u = 0.023Re0.8P rn ; n=
0.3 : cooling
0.316Re−0.25 : Re ≤ 2 × 104

• For smooth pipes, ft =
0.184Re−0.20 : 2 × 104 ≤ Re ≤ 3 × 105
 
L
• Pressure drop, ∆Pt = Np ft ID t
+ 4 ( 21 ρt Vt2 )
Shell-side
•
4PT2
(
4A πODt − ODt : square pitch
Dhs = = √
2 3PT2
P − ODt : triangular pitch
πODt

L
• 0.4Ds ≤ B ≤ 0.6Ds , B = baffle spacing, Number of baffles, Nb = B −1
Ds CB
• Bundle cross-flow area, As = PT

• N u = 0.36Re0.55
s P r1/3 , Res = Vs Dhs /νs
• fs = exp [0.576 − 0.19 ln(Res )]
Ds 1
• ∆Ps = fs (Nb + 1) D ( ρs Vs2 )
e 2

Dr. M. Zahurul Haq 6

 ME 307: Heat Transfer Equipment Design

Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger

Uo Ao Ns
• NT U = (ṁCp )min , Ao = bl

• Effective N T U = Fcorr N T U , Fcorr = 1 − 0.0166N T U

(
2ṁ
ρsb(Ns +1) : odd number of plates
• Flow velocity, V = 2ṁ 2ṁ
ρsbNs , ρsb(Ns +2) : even number of plates

• Heat transfer & pressure loss correlations are based on the hydraulic diameter, Dh of the passage
formed by the two plates.
4(cross−sectional area) 4sb 4sb V Dh
• Dh = wetted perimeter = 2s+2b ≃ 2b = 2s, Re = ν
 0.14
µb ReP r
• Laminar flow: N u = 1.86(Gz)1/3 µw ; Gz = L/D Re < 100

• Turbulent flow: N u = 0.374Re0.668P r1/3 ; Re > 100

 280
 Re : 1 < Re < 10
100
• Friction factor, f = : 10 < Re < 100
 Re12
0.589

Re 0.183 : Re > 100

fL 1 fL 1
• Pressure drop, ∆P = 2
Dh ( 2 ρV ) + 1.3( 21 ρVp2 ) ≃ 2
Dh ( 2 ρV )

Condensation Correlations
• Condensation on vertical surfaces

1/4
gρl (ρl − ρv )hf g kl3

hm = 1.2×0.943
µl (Tv − Tw )L

• Condensation on inclined surfaces

1/4
gρl (ρl − ρv )hf g kl3

hm = 0.943 sin ϕ
µl (Tv − Tw )L

• Condensation on horizontal tube

1/4
gρl (ρl − ρv )hf g kl3

hm = 0.725
µl (Tv − Tw )D

• Condensation on horizontal tube banks

1
h m |N tubes = h m |1 tube
N 1/4

• Condensation inside horizontal tube

" #1/4
gρl (ρl − ρv )h′f g kl3
hm = 0.555
µl (Tv − Tw )D

Dr. M. Zahurul Haq 7