ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MAT

FOOTINGS

Student name : Tawer Omera Awlla

Class: 4 B
Course title : Foundation Engineering
Department : Dam & water resources

College of Engineering
Salahaddin University-Erbil
Academic Year 2019 – 2020
ABSTRACT
The use of Mat Foundation has become more popular in recent years, as the mostly
suitable and economical for high raised structures and for low bearing soils. In mat
foundation the loads coming from the superstructure is uniformly distributed to the
soil. The mat foundation proves more effective on such low bearing soils. It carries
the heavy vertical loads and are used to bring the settlement, uneven settlement and
overturning of the structure with in the permissible limits. This study is carried out
for analysis and design of mat foundation of uniform thickness without considering
the beam or pedestals for G+5 framed Residential Structure and low bearing
capacity of soil. The main objective of this project is based on behavior of mat
foundation due to loads transferred on column and uplift soil pressure and further
designed for Static and Dynamic load paten.

Table of content
ABSTRACT Page 2

INTRODUCTION Page 3

BACKGROUND & REVIEW Page 3

METHODS Page4
Introduction
From the resent past few decades there have been rapid urbanization and lack of
space for horizontal expansion of the structures the cities have been growing
vertically. That is high raised buildings are increasing rapidly. For such high rise
buildings and also when available soil in site is of low bearing capacity normally
mat/ raft foundation, pile foundations are used. The analysis and design of the
structures is one of the most difficult technical features of civil engineering
practices, as it deals with working out the structural and geotechnical analysis.
There for generally simplified approach of conventional design is adopted in most
of the cases. A mat foundation is a monolithic footing which covers the total floor
area under of a structure and supports loads from all the walls and columns. Raft or
mat foundation generally consists of thick reinforced concrete structure over the
entire area at the bottom of the structure like a slab. The slab is reinforced with
bars running at right angles to each with one layer at the top and other at the
bottom in the form of mesh. Sometimes it is provided with inverted beams on both
sides of mat called as main beams and secondary beams cast monolithically with
mat footing. The foundation is the most important element in the structure which
carries out any type of superstructure and transmits the loads including its self-
weight to the underlying soil strata. Foundation does the work of spreading the
load from the superstructure to the soil so that the load or pressure transmitted to
the underlying soil without causing excessive shear in the ground to fail or
settlement that leads to the distortion and failure of the structure.

BACKGROUND & REVIEW

mat foundations are mostly incorporated with heavy and multi storeyed structures
founded on different soils. Mat foundation is one type shallow foundation and
mostly used all over the world.
METHODS
the gross ultimate bearing capacity of a mat foundation can be determined by the
same equation used for shallow foundations
1
qu=c ,∗Nc∗Fcs∗Fcd∗Fci +q∗Nq∗Fqs∗Fqd∗Fqi+ γ∗Nγ∗Fγs∗Fγd∗Fγi
2

Eq.(1)
The net ultimate capacity of a mat foundation is
q net=qu−q Eq.(2)
A suitable factor of safety should be used to calculate the net allowableA suitable
factor of safety should be used to calculate the net allowable bearing capacity.
 For mats on clay , the factor of safety should not be less than 3 under dead
load or maximum live load.
 However, under the most extreme conditions, the factor of safety should be
at least 1.75 to 2.
 For mats constructed over sand, a factor of safety of 3 should normally be
used. Under most working conditions, the factor of safety against bearing
capacity failure of mats on sand is very large.
For saturated clays with ɸ = 0 and a vertical loading condition, Eq.(1) gives
qu=Cu∗Nc∗Fcs∗Fcd +q Eq.(3)

Where Cu = undrained cohesion (Note : Nc = 5.14 , Nq = 1 & Nγ =0)

From Table 3.4, for ɸ = 0
B B 1 0.195 B
Fcs=1+ ¿ ) = 1+( )( ¿=1+
L L 5.14 L

Fcd=1+0.4 ¿ )

Substitution of the preceding shape and depth factors into Eq. (3) gives
0.195 B Df
(
qu=5.14 cu 1+
L )(
1+ 0.4
B) +q

Eq.(4)
Hence , the net ultimate bearing capacity is
0.195 B Df
qnet (u )=qu−q=5.14 cu 1+ ( L )(1+ 0.4
B )
Eq.(5)
For FS = 3, the net allowable soil bearing capacity becomes
qu ( net ) 0.195 B DF
qnet ( all )=
FS (
=1.713 cu 1+
L )(
1+0.4
B )
Eq.(6)
The net allowable bearing capacity for mats constructed over granular soil deposits
can be adequately determined from the standard penetration resistance numbers.
From Eq.(7), for shallow foundations,

qnet
( KNm )= N0.0860 ¿
3

Eq.(7)
Where :
N 60 = standard penetration resistance

B= width (m)
Df
Fd =1+0.33( ¿ ≤ 1.33
B
Se=¿ settlement (mm)
When the widthe B is large the preceding equation can be approximated as
KN N 60 Se
qu
( )
m 2
=
0.08
∗Fd
25 ( )
¿
N 60
0.08 [
1+0.33
Df
B ( )][ Se2( mm
5 ]
)

≤ 16.63 N 60 ¿

Eq.(8)
The net allowable pressure applied on a foundation (see Figure 1) may be
expressed as
Q
q= −γDf
A

Eq.(9)
Where :
Q=¿ dead weight of the structure and the live load

A=¿ area of the raft

In all cases, q should be less than or equal to allowable qnet .

 Figure 1 : definition of net pressure on soil caused by a mat foundation

Examples of mat foundation

Ex1
Determine the net ultimate bearing capacity of mat foundation
KN
measuring 10m×15m on a saturated clay with Cu=95 m2
,Ø=0 & Df =2 m

Solution :
From Eq.(5)
0.195 B Df
(
qnet (u )=5.14 cu 1+
L )(1+ 0.4
B )

0.195∗10 2
qnet (u )=5.14∗95 1+( 15 )(
1+ 0.4
15 )
KN
qnet (u )=595.9
m2
KN
≅ 596
m2

Ex2
What will be the net allowable bearing capacity of a mat foundation
with dimensions of 10 m× 15 m constructed over a sand deposit ? here
Df =2 m , the allowable settlement is 25 mm,and the average penetration
number is N 60=10.
Solution :
From Eq.(8)
qu(all)=
N 60
0.08[1+0.33
Df
B ( )][ Se25( mm) ] ≤ 16.63 N 60 ¿]

10
qu(all)=
0.08 [
1+ 0.33 ( )][ 2525 ]
2
10

KN
qu( all)=¿ 133.25
m2