PROPERTIES FOR GRILLAGE ANALYSIS

SPAN 18.571 OR say 19 m Length of each segment = 1.1875

Transverse Members
End Crossgirder 0.794
0.240
A Yt Ayt Ayt2 Iself

slab 0.1905 0.1200 0.0229 0.0027 0.0009 1.500

diaph 0.6000 0.9900 0.5940 0.5881 0.1125

0.7905 0.6169 0.5908 0.1134

0.400
Yt = 0.6169 = 0.7803 m
0.7905
Iz = 0.1134 + 0.5908 - 0.6169 x 0.7803
4
= 0.2229 m
Ix = 0.002 slab + 0.027 diaph =
4
= 0.0284 m (half for slab & full for diaph)

Intermediate Crossgirder 1.188

0.240
A Yt Ayt Ayt2 Iself

slab 0.2850 0.1200 0.0342 0.0041 0.0014 1.500

diaph 0.4500 0.9900 0.4455 0.4410 0.0844

0.7350 0.4797 0.4451 0.0857

0.300
Yt = 0.4797 = 0.6527 m
0.7350
Iz = 0.0857 + 0.4451 - 0.4797 x 0.6527
4
= 0.2178 m
Ix = 0.002 slab + 0.012 diaph =
4
= 0.0140 m (half for slab & full for diaph)

Slab members Transverse

1.188
2
A = 0.285 m 0.240
3 4
Iz = 1.188 x 0.240 = 0.00137 m
12
4
Ix = 0.00237 m (Half )
Effects of Curvature
Torsion due to the effects of curvature has been calculated as per the formulae in Raina.
t = applied torque per unit length = w X e
R = Radius of element at CL of section
t' = any locally applied torque (udl or distributed over a dispersion width)
T = Torsional moment as a result of M, w and t'
M = Moment externally applied (including parasitic moment)
W = shear
w = UDL weight (self wt+SDL etc)
e = r.Iyy / (R.w) ecc of the CG of the uniformly distributed self wt measured from the CL of the section
r = density of the material
Iyy = MI about vertical axis through CG of section.
a = distance from CL of torque span to point under consideration
torque span = Length of structure between points of torsional restraint.

DL (deck slab only) SIDL Total

w = 75.6 + 57.5 = 133.1 kN
Iyy = 40.3 m4
length = 20.5 m
depth = 1.7 m
web = 0.3 m midspan 0.6 m at supp
width = 12.6 m
CG bot = 1.19 m
r = 25.0 kN/cum
e = 0.084 m (outward)
R = 90 m
V = 25 kmph
camber = 3.1%
Centrifugal force = 0.055 x 1000 kN / 20.5 m = 2.67 kN/m
Ecc of CF = 1.200 m (LL) + 0.5 m (cg top)= 1.7 m

1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6

Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Distance 0 1.35 2.321375 4.64275 6.964125 9.2855
Effects of Curvature
Torsion due to DL & SIDL ecc due to curvature = 0.084 m
Shear due to DL + SIDL 1364.3 1184.6 1055.3 746.3 437.3 128.4
Torsion = total shear x ecc 114.6 99.5 88.7 62.7 36.7 10.8
(ecc due to curvature x shear force)

Torsion due to centrifugal force

Coeff of centrifugal force = V.V/(127R) 0.055
Distance betn CG of girder & CG of LL = 1.7 m
torsion due to centrifugal force = 47.8 41.5 37.0 26.1 15.3 4.5
(LL shear x coeff of centrifugal force x ecc)

Torsion due to Bending Moment effect = M/R Radius of Curvature = infinity for the straight girders

Total Additional torsion in superstr due to curvature of the deckslab

Torsion in the total superstr. 162.4 141.0 125.6 88.8 52.1 15.3
Torsion per girder 5 girders = 32.48 28.20 25.12 17.77 10.41 3.06

Additional Moment due to torsion (kNm)

Eq. Moment =T/1.7*(1+d/b) 74.5 64.7 100.5 71.1 41.6 12.2
Design of Post Tensioned Beam Outer Girders
ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM
Tension (-) Compression (+), anti-CW (+), CW (-)
1.00

0.18
0.10
Girder Length 19.2 m
Span of girder c/c of bearing 18.571 m
L/D 10.67 0.300
Girder overhang on bearing 0.314 m
0.20
0.24
Mid span Support 0.60 0.60
Width of top flange(PSC) 1.000 1.000 m. Midspan End(supports)
Width of bot flange(PSC) 0.600 0.600 m.
Thk of top flange 0.180 0.180 m.
Thk of bot flange 0.240 0.000 m.
Web thickness 0.300 0.600 m.
Thk of top fl at web 0.280 0.237 m.
Thk of bot fl at web 0.440 0.000 m.
Depth of girder 1.500 1.500 m. 1.8 1.5
Thickness of top slab 0.240 0.240 m. Web Taper profile
Beff of top slab 2.650 2.650 m. =MIN(spacing,12*web thk))*Eslab/Egird
Spacing of girders 2.650
Actual width of slab 2.325 Outer Girder slab
Mid span Supports
SECTION PROPERTIES web top flange bot flange web top flange bot flange Slab
Area 0.450 0.126 0.035 0.072 0.030 0.900 0.072 0.011 0.000 0.00 0.636
x from bottom 0.750 1.410 1.287 0.120 0.307 0.750 1.410 1.301 0.000 0.000 1.620
distance from cg 0.061 0.599 0.476 0.691 0.504 0.055 0.605 0.496 0.000 0.000 0.428
Moment 0.084 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.169 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003
Total Moment 0.182 0.201
Moment I yy 0.003 0.002 0.039 0.000191 0.00459 0.027 0.00031 0.007 0 0
Total Moment Iyy 0.049 0.034
PRE-CAST GIRDER mid span Support Torsional Property (for use in staad)
Area 0.713 0.983 m2 mid end
Area * x 0.578 0.791 slab 0.010 0.010
cg. Of girder 0.811 0.805 m web 0.008 0.071
Mom of inertia 0.182 0.201 m4 top fl 0.002 0.002
Top cg 0.689 0.695 m bot fl 0.002 0.000
Ztop 0.264 0.289 m3 Ixx = 0.022 0.083
Zbot 0.224 0.250 m3

Composite girder mid span Support

Area 1.349 1.619
Area * x 1.608 1.822 m2
cg. Of girder 1.192 1.125 m
Mom of inertia 0.402 0.458 m4
Top cg 0.548 0.615 m
Ztop 0.734 0.744 m3
Zbot 0.337 0.407 m3
Ztop girder 1.307 1.220 m3

(Ay)p 0.045 0.065 m3

(Ay)c 0.317 0.380 m3

Density Concrete (kn/cu.m) 25 Girder fck 40 Mpa Ec 31622.8 Mpa

slab fck 40 Mpa Ec 31622.8 Mpa
Sectional Properties
Section No. 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Section at Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Distance (x) 0.000 1.350 2.321 4.643 6.964 9.286
2
Area of Girder m 0.983 0.983 0.889 0.713 0.713 0.713
4
Moment of Inertia m 0.201 0.201 0.194 0.182 0.182 0.182
CG of Section (bot) m 0.805 0.805 0.807 0.811 0.811 0.811
4
Z bot of section m 0.250 0.250 0.241 0.224 0.224 0.224
4
Z top of section m 0.289 0.289 0.280 0.264 0.264 0.264
Width of Web m 0.600 0.600 0.496 0.300 0.300 0.300
2
Area of CompositeGirder m 1.619 1.619 1.525 1.349 1.349 1.349
4
Moment of Inertia m 0.458 0.458 0.438 0.402 0.402 0.402
CG of Section (bot) m 1.125 1.125 1.148 1.192 1.192 1.192
4
Z bot of section m 0.407 0.407 0.382 0.337 0.337 0.337
4
Z top of girder. m 1.220 1.220 1.246 1.307 1.307 1.307
4
Z top of Composite m 0.744 0.744 0.741 0.734 0.734 0.734

Calculation of Bending Moments due to the following at Various X n

Dead Load of the PSC Girder only

2
C/S Area of Girder = 0.7 m
.
. . U.D.L due to Dead Load = 0.7 x 25
= 17.8 kN/m
2
Additional Area at End Section = 0.983 - 0.713 m
.
. . U.D.L due to Dead Load = 0.270 x 25
= 6.8 kN/m
24.6 kN/m

17.8 kN/m

0.3145 1.8 1.5 5.9855

support Centreline
support reaction of girder only = 2.1145 x 24.6 + 1.5 x 21.21
+ 17.8 x 5.9855
= 190.486 KN
Section No. 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Section at Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Distance (x) 0 1.35 2.32 4.64 6.96 9.29
Shear (kN) 182.8 149.6 131.5 82.8 41.4 0.0
Moment(kNm) -1.2 233.5 435.2 633.6 795.7 861.6

Dead Load of the Deck Slab

UDL due to Deck slab = 2.325 m x 0.240 m x 25 T/cum = 13.95 KN/m
Reaction at support 13.950 KN/m x 9.6 m = 133.92 KN

Section No. 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6

Section at Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Distance (x) 0 1.35 2.32138 4.64275 6.96413 9.2855
Shear (kN) 133.9 115.1 101.5 69.2 36.8 4.4
Moment(kNm) 0.0 162.2 263.1 451.0 563.8 601.4

Weight of Interm. Diaphragm = 1.260 X 0.3 x 2.350 x 25 = 22.21 KN

Number of intermediate diaphragms = 1 => support reaction = 11.1038 KN
Section No. 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Shear (kN) 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 0.0
Moment(kNm) 0.0 15.0 25.8 51.6 77.3 103.1
Dead Load of the Deck Slab+Diaphragms only
Section No. 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Section at Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Distance (x) 0 1.35 2.32 4.64 6.96 9.29
Shear (kN) 145.0 126.2 112.6 80.3 47.9 4.4
Moment(kNm) 0.0 177.1 288.9 502.6 641.1 704.5
Torsion(kNm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Super Imposed Dead Load : (Shear & moment from staad)

Section No. 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Section at Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Shear (kN) 280.5 232.1 184.0 133.2 32.5 81.9
Moment(kNm) 322.1 618.8 850.4 1016.1 1145.1 1108.1
Torsion(kNm) 99.4 73.5 48.6 30.4 16.0 37.0

Due to Curvature Effect

Section No. 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Section at Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Shear (kN) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moment(kNm) 74.5 64.7 100.5 71.1 41.6 12.2
Torsion(kNm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
The Effect of Live Load is taken from STAAD Results.
Governing Loads due to LL with impact (From STAAD Summary)
Section No. 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Section at Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
Shear (kN) 135.6 134.0 131.7 129.7 127.7 126.5
Moment(kNm) 195.6 373.2 545.9 715.1 1212.8 1378.8
Torsion (kNm) 30.6 24.9 19.4 14.5 12.5 16.5

Summary of Shear & Moments at Various X ns

Moment / Shear due to . 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Support 0.9d L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
1) Dead Load of PSC Girder M -1.2 233.5 435.2 633.6 795.7 861.6
S 182.8 149.6 131.5 82.8 41.4 0.0
T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2) Dead Load of Deckslab M 0.0 177.1 288.9 502.6 641.1 704.5

S 145.0 126.2 112.6 80.3 47.9 4.4
T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3) S.I.D.Load M 322.1 618.8 850.4 1016.1 1145.1 1108.1

S 280.5 232.1 184.0 133.2 32.5 81.9
T 99.4 73.5 48.6 30.4 16.0 37.0
4)Vehicular Live Load
+Curvature Effects M 270.1 437.9 646.4 786.2 1254.5 1391.0
S 135.6 134.0 131.7 129.7 127.7 126.5
T 30.6 24.9 19.4 14.5 12.5 16.5
M Moment in kNm S Shear in kN T Torsion in kNm

CHECK FOR PRESTRESSING AND STRESSES

Check for stresses (Stage I- stressing all cables to full design force)
Horizontal Component of Cable forces at various X n .(from prestress calculations)
Cable 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Nos Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
1 2169.2 2181.1 2195.6 2228.4 2258.4 2223.6
2 1602.9 1610.4 1618.7 1637.7 1655.6 1600.7
3 2217.6 2225.9 2233.9 2252.6 2270.7 2192.6
Σ Force 5989.7 6017.5 6048.3 6118.7 6184.7 6016.9

Vertical Component of Cable forces at various X n .

Cable 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Nos Support 0.9D L/8 L/4 3L/8 L/2
1 283.0 266.8 234.9 157.2 77.4 0.0
2 147.2 138.1 120.3 77.1 32.9 0.0
3 109.4 102.1 87.9 53.4 18.3 0.0
Σ Force 539.6 507.0 443.1 287.7 128.7 0.0
Effect of Prestressing :- (Stage I)
Sections 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6 Check for 0% loss in force
Force, F( KN ) 5989.7 6017.5 6048.3 6118.7 6184.7 6016.9
Area, A(m 2 ) 0.98 0.98 0.89 0.71 0.71 0.71
F/A (KN/m 2 ) 6090.66 6118.9 6800.15 8581.66 8674.18 8438.79
Yb (m) 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81
Cable y (m) 0.75 0.61 0.54 0.40 0.32 0.30
e = Yb-y (m) 0.06 0.19 0.27 0.41 0.49 0.51
Zt (m 3 ) 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.26 0.26
Zb (m 3 ) 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.22
F x e / Zt 1201.77 4002.93 5829.89 9566.49 11503 11619.4 kN/m2
Fxe / Zb 1390.94 4633.05 6785.33 11251.5 13529.1 13666 kN/m2
F/A -(Fxe / Zt) 4.89 2.12 0.97 -0.98 -2.83 -3.18 Mpa
F/A +(Fxe / Zt) 7.48 10.75 13.59 19.83 22.20 22.10 Mpa

Time Dependent Losses consisting of the following ;-

Losses 1
Elastic Shortening of Wires: (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)
Loss = 0.5 x m x Stress at C.G of the Cables at that X n .
It is proposed to stress the cables after 28 Days when the concrete attains 40.0 MPa.
The effect of Prestress & Dead Load acts together.

Descriptions
1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Prestress Stage I σt 4.89 2.12 0.97 -0.98 -2.83 -3.18
σb 7.48 10.75 13.59 19.83 22.20 22.10
Dead Load σt 0.00 0.81 1.55 2.40 3.01 3.26
σb 0.00 -0.94 -1.81 -2.82 -3.55 -3.84
Resultant σt 4.88 2.92 2.52 1.42 0.19 0.08
σb 7.49 9.82 11.78 17.01 18.66 18.27
Sections 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
4.88 2.92 2.52 1.42 0.19 0.08

Stress at 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2

the C.G of
the Cables 6.19 7.00 8.47 12.87 14.72 14.62
0.75 0.61 0.54 0.40 0.32 0.30
7.49 9.82 11.78 17.01 18.66 18.27
2
Average stress at C.G of the X n . = 11.37 N/mm
∴ Loss for stage I cables = 0.5 x 10.0 x 11.4
2
= 56.87 N/mm = 4.77 % Loss 3
2
Initial Stress in cables = 1191.49 N/mm

Losses 2
Losses from Stage I prestress to addition of Deckslab I.e., 28 days to 42 days
Creep of Concrete:- (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)
1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Prestress Stage I σt 4.66 2.01 0.92 -0.94 -2.69 -3.03
σb 7.12 10.24 12.94 18.89 21.14 21.05
Dead Load σt 0.00 0.81 1.55 2.40 3.01 3.26
σb 0.00 -0.94 -1.81 -2.82 -3.55 -3.84
Resultant σt 4.7 2.8 2.5 1.5 0.3 0.2
σb 7.1 9.3 11.1 16.1 17.6 17.2

Sections 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6

4.65 2.82 2.48 1.46 0.32 0.24

Stress at 0.75 0.89 0.96 1.10 1.18 1.20

the C.G of
the Cables 5.90 6.66 8.03 12.19 13.92 13.81
0.75 0.61 0.54 0.40 0.32 0.30
7.13 9.30 11.13 16.06 17.60 17.21
Average stress at C.G of the X n . = 10.08 MPa.
Concrete maturity at 28 days = 40.0 / 40 = 100 % coeff = 0.0004
Concrete maturity at 42 days = 42.3 / 40 = 106 % coeff = 0.0004
Creep strain during this period = 0.00002 / 10 MPa.
 Es = 195000
∴ Loss = 0.00002 x 10.08 x 195000 = 4.65 MPa.
10
Shrinkage of Concrete:- (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)
Shrinkage coeff at age 28 days = 0.00019
Shrinkage coeff at age 42 days = 0.00018
Shrinkage Strain during this period = 0.00001
∴ Loss = 0.00001 x 195000 = 1.8 MPa.

Relaxation of H.T.Steel (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)

Average stress in HTS = 0.6399 x UTS when stressed (after friction and slip) for stage 2
Relaxation loss for HTS for this stress = 1.7487 %
Relaxation loss for HTS on 28 days means 0 hrs after stressing
Relaxation loss for HTS for this period = 0.000 % of initial stress
Relaxation loss for HTS on 42 days means 336 hrs after stressing
Relaxation loss for HTS for this period = 1.295 % of initial stress
Relaxation loss from 28 days to 42 days
for stage I =( 1.295 - 0.000 ) x 1191 = 15.43 MPa.
Total Time dependent Losses 4 =
for stage I cables = 4.65 + 1.8 + 15.43 = 21.85 MPa.
% loss (of initial stress) = 21.85 / 1191.49 = 1.834 % Loss 2 stage I

Losses 3
Losses from addition of Deckslab till addition of SIDL I.e., 42 days to 60 days
Creep of Concrete:- (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)
1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Prestress Stage I σt 4.57 1.98 0.91 -0.92 -2.64 -2.97
σb 6.99 10.04 12.69 18.52 20.74 20.64
Dead Load σt 0.00 0.81 1.55 2.40 3.01 3.26
σb 0.00 -0.94 -1.81 -2.82 -3.55 -3.84
Deck Slab + Diaphragm σt 0.00 0.61 1.03 1.90 2.43 2.67
σb 0.00 -0.71 -1.20 -2.24 -2.86 -3.14
Resultant σt 4.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 2.8 3.0
σb 7.0 8.4 9.7 13.5 14.3 13.7

Sections 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6

4.56 3.40 3.49 3.38 2.80 2.96

Stress at 0.75 0.89 0.96 1.10 1.18 1.20

the C.G of
the Cables 5.78 6.35 7.47 10.79 11.88 11.52
0.75 0.61 0.54 0.40 0.32 0.30
6.99 8.40 9.68 13.46 14.33 13.67
Average stress at C.G of the X n . = 8.96 MPa.
Concrete maturity at 42 days = 42 / 40 = 106 % coeff = 0.0004
Concrete maturity at 60 days = 43.89 / 40 = 109.7 % coeff = 0.0004
Creep strain during this period = 0.00002 / 10 MPa.
Es = 195000
∴ Loss = 0.00002 x 8.96 x 195000 = 2.73 MPa.
10
Shrinkage of Concrete:- (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)
Shrinkage coeff at age 42 days = 0.00018
Shrinkage coeff at age 60 days = 0.00017
Shrinkage Strain during this period = 0.00001
∴ Loss = 0.00001 x 195000 = 2 MPa.

Relaxation of H.T.Steel (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)

Average stress in HTS = 0.6399 x UTS when stressed (after friction and slip) for stage 1
Relaxation loss for HTS for this stress = 1.7487 %
Relaxation loss for HTS on 42 days means 336 hrs stressing I
Relaxation loss for HTS for this period = 1.295 % of initial stress
Relaxation loss for HTS on 60 days means 768 hrs after stressing
Relaxation loss for HTS for this period = 1.627 % of initial stress
Relaxation loss from 42 days to 60 days
for stage I =( 1.627 - 1.295 ) x 1191 = 3.95 MPa.
Total Time dependent Losses 5 =
for stage I cables = 2.7 + 2.3 + 3.95 = 8.94 MPa.
% loss (of initial stress) = 8.94 / 1191.49 = 0.751 % Loss 3 stage I
Losses 4
Losses in prestressing from addition of SIDL to infinity 60 days to infinity
Creep of Concrete:- (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)
1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Prestress Stage I σt 4.53 1.96 0.90 -0.91 -2.62 -2.95
σb 6.93 9.96 12.59 18.37 20.57 20.48
Dead Load σt 0.00 0.81 1.55 2.40 3.01 3.26
σb 0.00 -0.94 -1.81 -2.82 -3.55 -3.84
Deckslab+diaphragm σt 0.00 0.61 1.03 1.90 2.43 2.67
σb 0.00 -0.71 -1.20 -2.24 -2.86 -3.14
SIDL σt 0.26 0.51 0.68 0.78 0.88 0.85
σb -0.79 -1.52 -2.23 -3.01 -3.40 -3.29
Resultant σt 4.79 3.89 4.16 4.17 3.70 3.83
σb 6.14 6.79 7.35 10.30 10.77 10.22

Sections 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6

4.79 3.89 4.16 4.17 3.70 3.83

Stress at 0.75 0.89 0.96 1.10 1.18 1.20

the C.G of
the Cables 5.47 5.61 6.21 8.67 9.27 8.94
0.75 0.61 0.54 0.40 0.32 0.30
6.14 6.79 7.35 10.30 10.77 10.22
Average stress at C.G of the X n . = 7.36 MPa.
Concrete maturity at 60 days = 43.89 / 40.00 = 109.7 % coeff = 0.0004
Creep strain till infinity = 0.00036 / 10 MPa.
Es = 195000
∴ Loss = 0.00036 x 7.36 x 195000 = 51.8 MPa.
10
Shrinkage of Concrete:- (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)
Shrinkage coeff at age 60 days = 0.00018
Shrinkage Strain till infinity = 0.00015
∴ Loss = 0.00018 x 195000 = 35.3 MPa.

Relaxation of H.T.Steel (Vide Cl:11.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)

Relaxation loss for HTS on 60 days means 768 hrs after stressing
Relaxation loss for HTS for this period = 1.627 % of initial stress
Relaxation loss for HTS for 500000 hrs 5.246 % of initial stress
Relaxation loss from 60 days to 500000 hrs after stressing
Stage I cables =( 5.246 - 1.627 ) x 1191 = 43.1 MPa.

Total Time dependent Losses 4 (I)= 51.82 + 35.3 + 43.12 = 130.2 MPa.
% loss (of initial stress) for stage I= 130.23 / 1191 = 10.930 % Loss 4

Summary of Losses at mid span

Values in % of initial stress Stage I
Instantaneous Losses cables
Friction Loss 3.36
Slip Loss 5.21
Elastic Shortening 4.77
13.34
Time Dependent Loss
Steel relaxation 5.25
Shrinkage 3.30
Creep 3.58
Total Losses 12.13
20% extra time dep losses 2.4
Total Losses 14.6
Recapitulation of Stresses at Various X n .
1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Prestress Stage I σt 3.88 1.68 0.77 -0.78 -2.24 -2.52
σb 5.93 8.52 10.77 15.73 17.60 17.53

Dead Load σt 0.00 0.81 1.55 2.40 3.01 3.26

σb 0.00 -0.94 -1.81 -2.82 -3.55 -3.84

Deck slab + Diaphragm σt 0.00 0.61 1.03 1.90 2.43 2.67

σb 0.00 -0.71 -1.20 -2.24 -2.86 -3.14

SIDL Load σt 0.26 0.51 0.68 0.78 0.88 0.85

σb -0.79 -1.52 -2.23 -3.01 -3.40 -3.29

Resultant σt 4.14 3.61 4.04 4.30 4.08 4.26

σb 5.15 5.36 5.54 7.65 7.81 7.26

Live Load σt 0.22 0.36 0.52 0.60 0.96 1.06

σb -0.66 -1.08 -1.69 -2.33 -3.72 -4.12

Final stress σt 4.36 3.97 4.55 4.90 5.04 5.32

σb 4.48 4.28 3.84 5.32 4.09 3.14

Final stress (with 50% LL) σt 4.25 3.79 4.29 4.60 4.56 4.79
(for temperature check) σb 4.81 4.82 4.69 6.48 5.95 5.20
Remarks about Stresses at various Conditions.
(Vide Cl: 7.1 to 7.1.4 of IRC:-18-2000 )
Permissible Stress in Concrete at Stage I Prestress
Maximum Compressive Stress immediately after Prestressing shall not exceed minimum of the following
20 N/mm 2 or 0.5 Fcj
Fcj = Expected Concrete Strength at the time of Prestressing.
2
= 0.5 x 40 = 20 N/mm
2
Max Compressive Stress developed = 17.60 N/mm Hence O.K
Temporary Tensile Stress in the extreme fibre immediately after Prestressingshall not exceed,
= 1 of Maximum Compressive Stress immediately after Prestressing
10
2
= -1 x 17.60 = -1.76 N/mm
10 x x
2
Minimum Stress developed = 0.08 N/mm Hence O.K

Permissible Stress in Concrete at Service Condition

Maximum Compressive Stress allowed during Service Condition
= 0.33 Fck
2
= 0.33 x 40 = 13 N/mm
Maximum Compressive Stress attained at Service
2
= 5.3 N/mm Hence O.K
Minimum Stress attained at Service
2
= 3.139 N/mm
No Tension is developed .The Stresses are Compressive only.Hence O.K

Check for Stress in top slab

DL PS I SL+diaph PS II SIDL LL Total allowable
σ t(slab) midspan 0 0 1.0 0.0 1.5 1.9 4.4 13.33 Safe
σ t(slab) support 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.8 13.33 Safe
Check for Deflection at Midspan.
Downward deflection is given by δ
= 5 x M x L2
48 ExI
M = Moment = 4065 kNm
L = Span = 18.571 m
E = Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete = 31622.8 Mpa
4
I = Moment of Inertia = 0.402 m
2
∴δ1 = 5 x 4.06523 x 18.57
48 x 31622.8 x 0.402
= 0.01148 m
= 11.48 mm
Upward deflection due to prestress
= P x e x L2
8xExI
P = Prestressing Force at Mid Span = 6017 KN
e = eccentricity = 0.51 m
2
∴δ 2 = 6.0E+00 x 0.50978 x 18.57
8 x 31622.8 x 0.402
= 0.010 m
= 10.40 mm
∴ Net δ = 11.48 - 10.40
= 1.09 Downward
Permissible Deflection = L = 18571 = 23.2 mm HenceO.K
800 800

Minimum reinforcement
IRC 18-2000: cl.15.1 atleast 10 mm dia bar at not greater than 200 mm.
IRC 18-2000: cl.15.2 Vertical dirn. 0.18% of web area
IRC 18-2000: cl.15.3 Longit. Min. 0.15% of c/s area for Upto M45; beyond M45, 0.18%.
min Longit. Steel reqd 1069.5 mm2 10 dia 14 Nos in web+top+bot flange
min Web vertical steel 540 mm2/m 10 dia 2 lg 200 mm spacing
(Note: the values given here are only as a check for min. steel. Actual steel provided is checked in the
following sections)

Ultimate load Capacity (IRC 18:2000 cl 12 & 13)

Check for Ultimate Strength at Various X n .
Failure by yield of steel ( Under Reinforced section )
M ult ( Steel ) = 0.9 d b A s f p + 0.87 d b A st f y (Ast and fy are for non-prestressed steel)
As = Area of High Tensile Steel (This is neglected)
fp = The Ultimate Tensile Strength of Steel .
db = The Depth opf the beam from the maximum compression edge to C.G of Tendons.

Failure by crushing of concrete ( over reinforced section )

M ult ( Con :) = 0.176 b d b 2 f ck + (2/3) x 0.8( B f - b )(d b - t / 2)x t x fck
b = width of the Web.
Bf = Overall width of the top flange of PSC Girder.or Slab Eff width
t = Average thickness of flange.

Sections X n 1-1 X n 2-2 X n 3-3 X n 4-4 X n 5-5 X n 6-6

2
A s (m ) 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
f p (kN/m 2 ) 1862000 1862000 1862000 1862000 1862000 1862000
d b (m) 0.993 1.127 1.203 1.342 1.420 1.439
M ult(HT Steel ) (kNm) 8543 9697 10350 11543 12216 12377
M ult(Tot Steel ) (kNm) 8543 9697 10350 11543 12216 12377
b (m) 0.600 0.60 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.300
B f (m) 2.650 2.650 2.650 2.650 2.650 2.650
t (m) 0.240 0.240 0.240 0.240 0.240 0.240
M ult( Conc ) (kNm) 13332 15943 16577 18507 19905 20245
M ult (section) 8543 9697 10350 11543 12216 12377
1.5*DL+2*SIDL+2.5*LL (kNm) 1383 3096 4623 5987 7961 8445
Remarks Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe

Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X n . (Vide Cl:14.1 of I.R.C:-18-2000)

Sections Uncracked in flexure
V co = 0.67bd (f t +0.8 f cp* f t )
V co = Ultimate Shear Resistance of the X n .
b = Width of Webs - (2/3 x Duct Diametre) if the Cables are grouted.
d = Overall depth
ft = Max principal stress 0.24 fck
f cp = Stress at c.g at the section due to prestress after inst: loss is accounted.
Sections Cracked in flexure
V cr = 0.037bd b f ck + (M t xV/M)
db = Distance of extreme comp.fibre from centroid of tendons.
Mt = (0.37 f ck + 0.8 f pt ) I/y
V and M = Ultimate Shear & corresponding moment at the section
V cr (min) = 0.1bd f ck
Acc.to IRC :18 - 2000 Cl. No. 14.1.5 &Table 6.
V Capacity =( 4700 x b x db )+ P Sin( θ ) if the X n is Uncracked.
db = 0.8 x Overall Depth or Dist: from comp: face to C.G of Tendons,which ever is more.

Shear Design(IRC 18:2000 cl 14.1) ft = 1.52 Mpa

Section 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Vult (5%extra) 1461 1274 1117 835 544 511 (1.5*DL+2*SIDL+2.5*LL)
f pt due to prestress (bottom fibre) 4.89 2.12 0.97 -0.98 -2.83 -3.18
f pc due to prestress(top fibre) 7.48 10.75 13.59 19.83 22.20 22.10
Total Prestress force 5989.7 6017.5 6048.3 6118.7 6184.7 6016.9
Area of precast section 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7
I p of precast section 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
cg of cables in precast section 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
cg of precast section 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
cg of composite section 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
f cp (stress at composite cg ) 5.5 4.3 3.9 3.3 2.3 2.0

Section 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6

M pc =1.5*DL moment of girder -2 350 653 950 1193 1292
f cm (stress at comp. Cg due to Mpc) 0.0 -0.6 -1.1 -2.0 -2.5 -2.7
f' cp = 0.8*f' cp +f cm 4.4 2.9 2.0 0.6 -0.7 -1.1
V c1 =1.5*DL shear of girder 274.1 224.3 197.2 124.1 62.1 0.0
I c of composite section 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
f s =V c1 *(A y ) p /(I p *b) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
check if f s < f t Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
V c2 =(I c *b)/(A yc )*[(f t 2 +f cp *f t ) 1/2 -f s ] 2260 2057 1769 1651 1499 1470
V co = V c1 +V c2 2534 2282 1966 1775 1561 1470 IRC 18:2000 cl 14.1.2.2
(for precast girders+slab)
V co = 0.67bd(ft 2 +0.8f cp f t ) 1/2 1466 1335 649 612 551 531 IRC 18:2000 cl 14.1.2.1
(superstr is cast at once)
M t =(0.37*sqrt(f ck )+.8*f pt )*Z b 2078 2731 2965 4086 4512 4494
V cr =0.037*b*db*(f ck ) 1/2 +(M t /M)V 2301 1248 784 647 391 356
V cr (min) = 0.1bd(fck)^0.5 660 660 330 330 330 330
Section is uncracked uncracked uncracked uncracked uncracked uncracked
V (Psin a ) due to Cables 540 507 443 288 129 0 (for uncracked only)
V co (uncracked section incl Psin α ) 3074 2789 2409 2063 1690 1470
V cr (Cracked section) 2301 1248 784 647 391 356
V c (section) 2301 1248 784 647 391 356
V c (section capacity) 4072 4040 3294 1858 1731 1623 IRC 18:2000 cl 14.1.5
web width to be reduced by (2/3 of 1 1 1 1 1 1 cable/s
Is V ult <= V capacity Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe IRC 18:2000 cl 14.1.5
Is V ult <= 0.5*V c section No No No No No No
Shear Reinft required or not Min.reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd Reqd IRC 18:2000 cl 14.1.4
Assume Spacing 200 200 200 200 200 200
Min Asv Required 133 133 66 66 66 66 IRC 18:2000 cl 14.1.4
Asv required 0 8 109 62 50 51 IRC 18:2000 cl 14.1.4
Asv reqd for torsion 145 138 23 34 22 40 (See Torsion Calculations below)
dia of shear reinft 12 12 12 12 12 12
No. of legs 4 4 4 2 2 2
Asv provided 452 452 452 226 226 226
Total Asv reqd. 278 271 132 100 88 106
Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Torsion Design(IRC 18:2000 cl 14.2) Vt= 4.70 Mpa Vc = 0.42 Mpa
Section 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
Tult (KNm) 275 209 146 97 63 115
sum of bd3/3 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.03
T in slab KNm 31.7 24.1 25.9 38.1 24.8 45.2
T in top flange KNm 7.8 6.0 8.6 12.6 8.2 15.0
T in web KNm 235.8 179.2 14.9 21.9 14.2 26.0
T in bottom flange KNm 0.0 0.0 16.7 24.5 15.9 29.1
Shear Stress in Slab(Mpa) due to torsion 0.43 0.33 0.35 0.51 0.33 0.61
Shear Stress in Top fl (Mpa) due to torsion 0.39 0.29 0.35 0.52 0.34 0.61
Shear Stress in Web (Mpa) due to torsion 1.17 0.89 0.10 0.40 0.26 0.47
Shear Stress in Bot fl (Mpa) due to torsion 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.87 0.57 1.03
ult Shear Stress V/bd (Mpa.) 1.40 1.22 1.29 1.60 1.04 0.98
ult Torsion shear stress (Mpa) 1.17 0.89 0.10 0.40 0.26 0.47
Total shear stress 2.57 2.11 1.40 2.00 1.30 1.45
Vtc (allowable) for torsion 0.42
Vtu (allowable) 4.70
Provide Torsional shear reinft Reqd. Reqd. No No No Reqd.
Is ultimate shear safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe
Torsion reinft.
Asv in top slab mm2 / m 172 131 141 207 135 246
Asv in top flange mm2 / m 151 115 166 243 158 289
Asv in web mm2 / m 726 689 115 168 109 200
Asv in bot flange mm2 / m 0 0 401 589 383 699
Asl in top slab mm2 498 379 408 599 389 711
Asl in top flange mm2 178 135 195 287 187 340
Asl in web mm2 1448 1448 206 303 197 360
Asl in bot flange mm2 0 0 337 470 322 587

Design of Shear Connectors (with slab)

Section 1--1 2--2 3--3 4--4 5--5 6--6
A*y (first moment of top slab) 0.315 0.315 0.300 0.272 0.272 0.272
VL=V(sidl+ll)*A*y/I KN/m 769 680 593 481 308 329 IRC 22:cl 611.4.2.5
shear stress Mpa. 0.77 0.68 0.59 0.48 0.31 0.33 0.77 < 2.1
Qu of vert. Strps(KN) 176 176 176 88 88 88 safe
spacing reqd (mm) 458 517 594 366 571 535
stirrup spacing ok/not 1 1 1 1 1 1 Safe
min shear (12 dia 2 lg) at 200 mm spacing

Q (of slab at critical pl.) 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17
Shear flow KN/m 0 11 140 79 64 65
0.4*L*(fck)^.5 (slab) 1214 1214 1214 1214 1214 1214 IRC 22:cl 611.5.1
0.7*As*fy+.08*L*(fck)^.5 749 749 749 749 749 749 IRC 22:cl 611.5.1
(based on slab reinft of .9%) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Safe
Ast/m (in slab) min 1157 1157 1157 1157 1157 1157 IRC 22:cl 611.5.2.3
Ast prov. In slab (16@150) 2680 2680 2680 2680 2680 2680
1 1 1 1 1 1 Safe
Min Ast reqd in Top flange 1131 1131 1131 565 565 565 mm2/ m 50% of web
Min Ast reqd in Bot flange 1131 1131 1131 589 565 699 mm2/ m 50% of web
Provide 16@ 200 200 200 200 200 200 mm
Ast provided = 1005 1005 1005 1005 1005 1005 mm2/ m

Longitudinal steel in top flange 6 Nos 12 dia 679 mm2 Reqd is 340 OK
Longitudinal steel in web (mid) 12 Nos 10 dia 942 mm2 Reqd is 360 OK
Extra Longl. steel in web (end) 12 Nos 10 dia 942 mm2 Reqd is 1448 OK
Longitudinal steel in bot flange 6 Nos 12 dia 679 mm2 Reqd is 587 OK

Refer Temperature design stress in the following section.

STAGE I PRESTRESSING
CABLES DATA
Input particulars
Effective span c to c of bearings L 18.571 m
2
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es 195000 N/mm initital stress
2 2
UTS of Ht strands(Class2) Fy 19000 Kg/cm 13300 Kg/cm
UTS of Ht strands(Class2) Fy 1862 N/mm 2 1303.4 N/mm 2
2
Type of strands used T 13 As 98.7 MM
Maximum jack pressure = 0.9 X 0.85 = 0.765 of UTF is permissible
Grade of concrete 40
Ec = 31622.78 N/mm2

Details of different strands

Cable No of Sheathin Jack Jack Length Stress
capacity strands g Int dia type piston of cable upto (of
stressed area for jack UTS)
Types of cables Dia No. Area UTF (kN)
Cable 1 19 19 T 13 1 1875.3 3491 85 K-350 490 0 0.7
Cable 2 19 14 T 13 1 1381.8 2572 85 K-350 490 0 0.7
Cable 3 19 19 T 13 1 1875.3 3491 85 K-350 490 0 0.7
5132.4 9554
Coefficient fo friction k 0.002 Per m
u 0.17 per rad.
Slip accounted s 0.006 m
Each cable is to be stressed from both ends simultaneously.

CABLE PROFILES (TYPICAL)

L4

Y4

Horizontal Splay of Cables

Bearing
CL

-X3 +X3

Y3
L/2
Y2

Y1

Xa X3 X2 X1
314.5
Elevation of a typical Cable
Typical cases of slip loss
Po
P1 X4
P4
P2
Po' P3
Case 1 (X4 case)
P1'
L1 L2
L3
 Po
P1 P2
X5
P4
P3
Po' Case 2 (X5 case)
P2'
P1'
L1
L2
L3

Po
P1
P2 P3
Case 3 (Y5 case)
Y5
P0' P1' P2' P3'

L1
L2
L3

CABLE PROFILE(Stressing from both ends) base len gir len diff
Cable nos 1 2 3 19.96 19.2 0.76
No. of cables 1 1 1
Total force 3491 2572 3491
Check for length 9.450 9.450 9.450 9.450 Total length - 150 mm for setting
Xa 0 0 0 0 mm extra length of cable)
X1 0.120 0.620 1.120
Y1 0.480 0.300 0.120
Y1+Y2+Y3 1.5 0.350 1.150 0.750 0.350
X3 1.000 1.000 1.000
Y4a (hor splay 1) 0.000 0.000 0.000
L4a 1.000 1.500 1.500
Y4a (hor splay 2) 0.000 0.000
L4b 1.000 1.000
X2 8.330 7.830 7.330
c=(Y2+Y3)/X2(X2+2*X3) 0.008 0.006 0.003
a1 Atan(2*c*X2)(Rad) 0.129 0.091 0.049
(degree) 7.388 5.229 2.821
Y2 = 0.540 0.358 0.181
L1 = X3/cosa1 1.008 1.004 1.001
L2 = L1+X2+2y2^2/3*X2 9.362 8.845 8.334
L3 = L2+X1 9.482 9.465 9.454
a2 =2*Atan(2*Y4/X4) 0.000 0.000 0.000
Stress before slip (UTS)
P0 0.700 0.700 0.700
P1 =Po/Exp(kL1) 0.699 0.699 0.699
P2 =Po/Exp(u(a1+a2)+kL2) 0.672 0.677 0.683
P3 =Po/Exp(u(a1+a2)+kl3) 0.672 0.676 0.681

Elongation (mm) 62.2 62.2 62.3

(Xa*Po+(Po+P1)L1+(P1+P2)*
(L2-L1)+(P2+P3)(L3-L2))Fy/2Es
Fav =((Po+P1)L1+(P1+P2)* 0.687 0.688 0.691
(L2-L1)+(P2+P3)(L3-L2))/(2xL3)
Stress after slip (UTS)
Po' 0.626 0.626 0.636
P1' 0.628 0.627 0.637
P2' 0.654 0.648 0.653
P3' 0.637 0.622 0.628
P4 0.637 0.622 0.628
Fav 0.640 0.636 0.644
X4
X5
Y5 0.018 0.027 0.027
Selected Case Y5 Y5 Y5
Slip travels upto 9.450 9.450 9.450
CABLE COORDINATES
CABLE NO 1 2 3

At support 9.2855 1.150 0.750 0.350

At 0.9D from Support
7.94 0.956 0.613 0.276
L/8 6.96 0.845 0.535 0.235
L/4 4.64 0.639 0.395 0.162
3L/8 2.32 0.518 0.317 0.125
L/2 0 0.48 0.3 0.12

CABLE FORCES AND MOMENTS

Cable number 1 2 3
P (average) 2232.93 1636.79 2247.065
At midspan
Distance from cg to bottom fibre=Yb 0.811 0.811 0.811
Distance from bottom fibre to cable cg=Yc
0.480 0.300 0.120
a radian 0.000 0.000 0.000
Eccentricitye=Yb-Yc 0.331 0.511 0.691 avg ecc 0.50978 m
Pi 2223.6 1600.7 2192.6
Pi cosa 2223.6 1600.7 2192.6
Pisina 0.0 0.0 0.0
Picosa*e 735.4 817.5 1514.4

At 3l/8 2.32138
Yb 0.811 0.811 0.811
Yc 0.518 0.317 0.125
a radian 0.034 0.020 0.008
e=Yb-Yc 0.293 0.494 0.686 avg ecc 0.49098 m
Pi 2259.7 1655.9 2270.8
Picosa 2258.4 1655.6 2270.7
Pisina 77.4 32.9 18.3
Picosa*e 661.6 817.5 1557.4

At quarter span4.64275
Yb 0.811 0.811 0.811
Yc 0.639 0.395 0.162
a radian 0.070 0.047 0.024
e=Yb-Yc 0.171 0.416 0.649 avg ecc 0.41272 m
Pi 2233.9 1639.5 2253.2
Picosa 2228.4 1637.7 2252.6
Pisina 157.2 77.1 53.4
Picosa*e 382.0 681.5 1461.9

At 1/8 span 6.96413

Yb 0.807 0.807 0.807
Yc 0.845 0.535 0.235
a radian 0.107 0.074 0.039
e=Yb-Yc -0.038 0.271 0.572 avg ecc 0.27014 m
Pi 2208.2 1623.2 2235.6
Picosa 2195.6 1618.7 2233.9
Pisina 234.9 120.3 87.9
Picosa*e -83.3 439.5 1277.7

At 0.9D 7.9355
Yb 0.805 0.805 0.805
Yc 0.956 0.613 0.276
a radian 0.122 0.086 0.046
e=Yb-Yc -0.151 0.192 0.529 avg ecc 0.19215 m
Pi 2197.4 1616.3 2228.3
Picosa 2181.1 1610.4 2225.9
Pisina 266.8 138.1 102.1
Picosa*e -329.1 308.9 1176.4
At support 9.2855
Yb 0.805 0.805 0.805
Yc 1.150 0.750 0.350
a radian 0.130 0.092 0.049
e=Yb-Yc -0.345 0.055 0.455 avg ecc 0.05796 m
Pi 2187.6 1609.7 2220.3
Picosa 2169.2 1602.9 2217.6
Pisina 283.0 147.2 109.4
Picosa*e -749.0 87.7 1008.4

Average stress in steel 0.64023 times UTS

Cable Cordinates Of all the Cables
CABLE 1 CABLE 2 CABLE 3
X (m) Y (mm) Y (mm) Y (mm)
0 480 300 120
1 486 301 120
2 508 311 123
3 545 333 132
4 597 367 148
5 665 412 171
6 749 469 200
7 849 538 236
8 963 618 279
8.450 1020 658 301
9.286 1129 735 342
9.450 1150 750 350
Curve Starts 0.120 0.620 1.120
at
Curve Ends 8.450 8.450 8.450
at

Type No of Force in Duct dia Jack Type Cable Elongati angle at Stressin
strands Cable (mm) (or eqv) Length on (each anchora g Stage
stressed (jack) (mm) end) ge (deg)
(kN) (mm)
Cable No.
1 19-T-13 19 2443.7 85 K-350 18963 62.2 7.388 1 9482
2 19-T-13 14 1800.4 85 K-350 18930 62.2 5.229 1 9465
3 19-T-13 19 2443.7 85 K-350 18908 62.3 2.821 1 9454
Note cable length includes 0 mm extra for jacking.
DESIGN OF END BLOCK
Refer Clause 17.2 of IRC:18-2000

0.35
1
0.40

2 Anchorage plate size assumed

0.40 270 mm
3
270

Min. concrete beyond anchorage edge

0.35 = 0.165
0.27 0.165 = 0.165 > 0.05
0.60 Safe
STAGE 1 CABLES Moment from Moment from
Jacking/Stressing forces in cables (after slip& friction) bottom Rt. Edge
Force in Cable 1 1967.7 KN Cable type 19 T 13 2262.8 590.3
Force in Cable 2 1447.9 KN Cable type 19 T 13 1085.9 434.4
Force in Cable 3 1997.1 KN Cable type 19 T 13 699.0 599.1
4047.72 1623.80
(Note: here all forces are taken as horizontal only
Check for bursting forces, case 1 vertical is neglected)

Max force = 1997.1 KN

size of eff sq. = 0.350 m from bottom
Hence, 2Yo = 0.70 m.
Size of each anchorage is 270 mm square
Along Vertical line of action, anchorage size 2Ypo= 1 x 0.27 = 0.27 m
Ypo/Yo = 0.27 / 0.70 = 0.386
For this ratio of Ypo/Yo, from Table 11 of above code,
Fbst/Pk = 0.20
Now Pk = 1997.1129 kN
Hence, Fbst = 407.98 kN
For external anchorage the design force has to be increased by 10%.
Hence, revised Fbst = 448.78 kN
This max stress occurs at 0.5*Yo = 0.5 x 0.350 = 0.175 m
Providing 12 φ mesh reinforcement , with 0.87Fy permissible stress
For Fy = 415 Mpa,
Area of steel reqd. = 448.78 x 1000 = 1242.99 mm2
0.87 x 415
Number of bars reqd. = 1242.99 = 11 Nos
113.10
(note vertical check gives more steel than the horizontal check hence only vertical check has been done)

Bearing Stress
As the anchorages are set out as per the manufacturer's specifications for embedded anchorages, bearing stress
checks are not carried out. Refer Note ii under clause 7.3 of IRC:18-2000.
 Design temperatrure differences

Idealised section
2.650 2.650
0.332 0.325

1.018 0.97
0.300 0.600

0.390 0.44

0.600 0.6

1.740 Mid Section 1.740 End Section

Temperature Rise case Temperature Fall case

17.8'C 10.6'C

0.25
h1 0.15 h1
4'C 0.7'C

h2 0.25 h2
0.2
h

0.2
h3
h3 0.15
0.8'C h4
0.25
2.1'C 6.6'C
h1=0.3h (Max 0.15m) h1=h4=0.2h<=0.25m
h2=0.3h>=0.1m<=0.25m h2=h3=0.25h <=0.20m
h3=0.3h <=0.15m h1 0.25
h1 0.15 h2 0.2
h2 0.25 h3 0.2
h3 0.15 h4 0.25
CALCULATION OF THERMAL STRESSES AT MID SECTION
TEMPERATURE RISE CASE

Section Depth Width Area Y from top Ay I t At It

m m (m^2) (m) (m^3) (m^4) (C) (m^2.C) (m^3.C)

1 0.15 2.750 0.413 0.075 0.031 0.002 10.900 4.496 0.025

2 0.15 2.750 0.407 0.224 0.091 0.020 2.815 1.147 0.058
3 0.10 0.300 0.031 0.349 0.011 0.004 0.815 0.025 0.003
4 1.02 0.300 0.305 0.909 0.277 0.252 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 0.17 0.600 0.104 1.504 0.156 0.234 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 0.15 0.600 0.090 1.665 0.150 0.250 1.050 0.095 0.262

Sum 1.74 1.349 0.716 0.762 5.762 0.348

Coefficient of thermal expansion α = 0.0000117

εo*ΣA - θ*ΣA*Y = α*A*T

εo∗ΣA*Y - θ*ΣA*Y2 = α*A*T*Y
θ 0.000083
εo 0.000094
Ec 31623 N/mm2
 ε o-yθ
θ -α
αt Fci=Ec(ε(εo-
(ε Comp /
Point Y from top y*theta t alfa*t yθ
θ -α
αt) Ten
(m) 'C MPA

1 0 0.00E+00 17.80 2.08E-04 -1.14E-04 -3.615 Compression

2 0.15 1.24E-05 4.00 4.68E-05 3.47E-05 1.098 Tension
3 0.30 2.47E-05 1.63 1.91E-05 5.02E-05 1.586 Tension
4 0.40 3.32E-05 0.00 0.00E+00 6.08E-05 1.922 Tension
5 1.42 1.18E-04 0.00 0.00E+00 -2.36E-05 -0.745 Compression
6 1.59 1.32E-04 0.00 0.00E+00 -3.79E-05 -1.197 Compression
7 1.74 1.44E-04 2.10 2.46E-05 -7.49E-05 -2.367 Compression

Temperature Fall in Mid section

Section Depth Width Area y from top Ay I t At It

m m (m^2) (m) (m^3) (m^4) (C) (m^2.C) (m^3.C)

1 0.250 2.750 0.688 0.125 0.086 0.011 5.650 3.884 0.061

2 0.048 2.750 0.132 0.274 0.036 0.010 0.616 0.081 0.006
3 0.152 0.300 0.046 0.374 0.017 0.006 0.266 0.012 0.002
4 0.840 0.300 0.252 0.870 0.219 0.191 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 0.128 0.300 0.038 1.354 0.052 0.070 0.255 0.010 0.018
6 0.073 0.600 0.044 1.454 0.063 0.092 0.655 0.028 0.060
7 0.250 0.600 0.150 1.615 0.242 0.391 3.700 0.555 1.448

Sum 1.740 1.349 0.716 0.771 4.571 1.594

Coefficient of thermal expansion α = 0.0000117

εo*ΣA - θ*ΣA*Y = α*A*T

εo∗ΣA*Y - θ*ΣA*Y2 = α*A*T*Y
θ 0.000025
εo 0.000053
Ec 31623 N/mm2

ε o-yθ
θ -α
αt Fci=Ec(ε(εo-
(ε Comp /
Point Y from top y*theta t alfa*t yθ
θ -α
αt) Ten
(m) 'C MPA

1 0 0.00E+00 10.6 1.24E-04 -7.12E-05 -2.251 Tension

2 0.250 6.21E-06 0.700 8.19E-06 3.84E-05 1.215 Compression
3 0.298 7.41E-06 0.532 6.22E-06 3.92E-05 1.240 Compression
4 0.450 1.12E-05 0.000 0.00E+00 4.16E-05 1.317 Compression
5 1.290 3.21E-05 0.000 0.00E+00 2.08E-05 0.657 Compression
6 1.418 3.52E-05 0.446 5.22E-06 1.24E-05 0.392 Compression
7 1.490 3.70E-05 0.800 9.36E-06 6.45E-06 0.204 Compression
8 1.740 4.32E-05 6.600 7.72E-05 -6.76E-05 -2.139 Tension

END SECTION
Temperature Rise

Section Depth Width Area Y from top Ay I t At It

m m (m^2) (m) (m^3) (m^4) (C) (m^2.C) (m^3.C)

1 0.15 2.750 0.413 0.075 0.031 0.0023 10.900 4.496 0.025

2 0.129 2.750 0.356 0.215 0.076 0.0164 2.966 1.054 0.049
3 0.121 0.6 0.072 0.340 0.025 0.0084 0.966 0.070 0.008
4 0.970 0.6 0.582 0.885 0.515 0.4558 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 0.22 0.6 0.132 1.480 0.195 0.2891 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 0.15 0.6 0.090 1.665 0.150 0.2495 1.050 0.095 0.262

Sum 1.740 1.644 0.992 1.022 5.715 0.344

Coefficient of thermal expansion α = 0.0000117

εo*ΣA - θ*ΣA*Y = α*A*T

εo∗ΣA*Y - θ*ΣA*Y2 = α*A*T*Y
θ 0.000086
εo 0.000092
Ec 31623 N/mm2
 ε o-yθ
θ -α
αt Fci=Ec(ε(εo-
(ε Comp /
Point Y from top y*theta t alfa*t yθ
θ -α
αt) Ten
(m) 'C MPA

1 0 0.00E+00 10.6 1.24E-04 -3.16E-05 -0.998 Compression

2 0.150 1.29E-05 0.700 8.19E-06 7.14E-05 2.258 Tension
3 0.279 2.40E-05 0.423 4.94E-06 6.35E-05 2.009 Tension
4 0.400 3.43E-05 0.000 0.00E+00 5.81E-05 1.838 Tension
5 1.370 1.18E-04 0.000 0.00E+00 -2.52E-05 -0.796 Compression
6 1.590 1.37E-04 0.770 9.01E-06 -5.31E-05 -1.678 Compression
7 1.740 1.49E-04 0.800 9.36E-06 -6.63E-05 -2.097 Compression

Temperature Fall

Section Depth Width Area y from top Ay I t At It

m m (m^2) (m) (m^3) (m^4) (C) (m^2.C) (m^3.C)

1 0.250 2.750 0.688 0.125 0.086 0.011 5.650 3.884 0.061

2 0.029 2.750 0.080 0.265 0.021 0.006 0.649 0.052 0.004
3 0.171 0.600 0.102 0.365 0.037 0.014 0.299 0.031 0.004
4 0.840 0.600 0.504 0.870 0.438 0.381 0.000 0.000 0.000
5 0.080 0.600 0.048 1.330 0.064 0.085 0.160 0.008 0.014
6 0.120 0.600 0.072 1.430 0.103 0.147 0.560 0.040 0.082
7 0.250 0.600 0.150 1.615 0.242 0.391 3.700 0.555 1.448

Sum 1.740 1.644 0.992 1.035 4.570 1.612

Coefficient of thermal expansion α = 0.0000117

εo*ΣA - θ*ΣA*Y = α*A*T

εo∗ΣA*Y - θ*ΣA*Y2 = α*A*T*Y
θ 0.000031
εo 0.000051
Ec 31623 N/mm2

ε o-yθ
θ -α
αt Fci=Ec(ε(εo-
(ε Comp /
Point Y from top y*theta t alfa*t yθ
θ -α
αt) Ten
(m) 'C MPA

1 0 0.00E+00 10.6 1.24E-04 -7.30E-05 -2.308 Tension 0.16868

2 0.250 7.68E-06 0.700 8.19E-06 3.52E-05 1.112 Compression
3 0.279 8.58E-06 0.598 6.99E-06 3.55E-05 1.122 Compression
4 0.450 1.38E-05 0.000 0.00E+00 3.72E-05 1.177 Compression
5 1.290 3.96E-05 0.000 0.00E+00 1.14E-05 0.361 Compression
6 1.370 4.21E-05 0.280 3.28E-06 5.69E-06 0.180 Compression
7 1.490 4.58E-05 0.800 9.36E-06 -4.08E-06 -0.129 Tension
8 1.740 5.34E-05 6.600 7.72E-05 -7.96E-05 -2.518 Tension

SUMMARY (Check with 50% LL)

stress with
Temp rise Temp Fall Max Tension 50% LL Net stress
Mid section Stress(MPA) Mpa Mpa Mpa Mpa
Top Slab 3.61 -2.25 -2.25 4.36 2.11
Top Flange -1.10 1.22 -1.10 4.79 3.69
Web -0.59 0.99 -0.59
Bottom fl 2.37 -2.14 -2.14 5.20 3.06
stress with
Temp rise Temp Fall Max Tension 50% LL Net stress
End section Stress(MPA) Mpa Mpa Mpa Mpa
Top Slab 1.00 -2.31 -2.31 0.81 -1.50
Top flange -2.26 1.11 -2.26 4.25 1.99
Web -0.52 0.77 -0.52
Bottom fl 2.10 -2.52 -2.52 4.81 2.30

At the end spans, tensile force = 126.60 KN

Provided extra 10 mm dia at 240 mm c/c at top and bottom in slab is sufficient for this
 Design Of End Diaphragm
Diaphragm is designed for two Loading Condition
1 ) Selfweight Of Diaphragm + Reaction From Superstructure ( Girders ) ( Service Condition )
2 ) Replacement Of Bearing / Superstructure supported on Jacks - ( No Live Load )

Diaphragm is spanning between 4 girders . It act as continuous beam

Diaphragm is designed for Jacking end Force During Bearing Replacement
Jacks are kept at distance mentioned below away from the face of the girder as shown in figure.
Hence It acts as a continuous beam between 6 Jacks. Jack Positions are as shown in figure & indicated
by T To Y
During Bearing Replacement there will be no Live Load
Hence Only Dead Loads and SIDL are considered (in KNs)
Reactions due to G4 G3 G2 G1
1) Selfweight 335.51 335.51 335.51 335.51
2) S.I.D.L. 366.57 19.1 19.91 365.53
702.08 354.61 355.42 701.04
Girder & Jack Positions

G1 G2 G3 G4 Diaphragm
702 355 355 701
2750
1500

500 1750 1000 1750 1000 1750 500.00 350

T U V W X Y
200 200 200 200 Jack distances.
200 200

Thickness of base of girder 600 mm

CG of girder loads 8713.56 / 2113.15 = 4.123 m from G1

CG of Jacks 4.125 m

T To Y are Jack positions at the time Of Bearing replacement

Note: all the jacks will have the same force as they are connected to the same hydraulic pump.
Note: the self weight of diaphragm has been considered in the reactions of girders and hence, not taken again.

Force in the jacks = 6 xP= 2113.15 KN

P= 352.192 KN

M (T) = 702 x 0.5 = 351.04 KNm

351 KNM
M(U) = 702 x 2.25 - 352.192 x 1.75 = 963.344 KNm
963 KNM
M(G2)= 702 x 2.75 - 352.192 x 2.25 - 352.192 x 0.5
962.193 KNM
M(V)= 702 x 3.25 - 352.192 x 2.75 - 352.192 x 1 +
355 x 0.2
1031.96 KNM

M(W) = 702 x 5 - 352.192 x 4.5 - 352.192 x 2.75 +

355 x 1.95 - 352.192 x 1.75
1032.16 KNM

M(G3)= 702 x 5.5 - 352.192 x 5 - 352.192 x 3.25 +

355 x 2.45 - 352.192 x 2.25
1032.22 KNM

Design Moment is 1032 kNm

Shear is taken on right side.
S(G1) = 702
S(T) = 350
S(U) = -2
S(G2)= 352
S(V)= 0
S(W) = -352
S(G3)= 3
S(x)= -349
S(Y)= -701

Max Design Shear is 702 kN (Note: this is at the jack face or the CL of the girder. Actual shear
will be little less)
Check For Moment Of Resistant

Grade Of Concrete M 40 L/D min = 1750 / 1500 = 1.167 < 2.5

Grade Of Steel Fe 415 Deep Beam
Acc.to IRC : 21 -2000 Cl. No. 303.1
Permissible Bending Stress in Concrete σ cbc = 13.3 Mpa
Permissible Bending Stress in bending for H.Y.S.D. bars σ st = 200 Mpa
Modular Ratio = 10

Lever Arm for Deep beam= 0.2*(l+1.5D) for 1<L/D<2.5 = 800 mm

0.5L for L/D <1

m x σ cbc 133.3333333 0.40

K = = =
m x σ cbc + σ st 133.333 + 200

J = 1 - K/3 = 0.867 But here J = 800 / 1500 = 0.53333

Q = 1 / 2 * σ cbc * j * k = 1.42
2
Moment Of Resistant = Q. B.D
= 1120 kN - mtr > Max Moment = 1031.96 kN - mtr
∴ Hence Safe

Clear Cover 50 mm
Bar Dia 32 mm
deff provided = 1500 - 50 - 96 = 1354.0

Steel Required = M
σ st x j x d 0.2D = 300
= 1031963075.27 -Ast Ast1 (0.5(L/D-.5)= 3 bars
200 x 0.533 x 1354.0
2
= 7145.24 mm Mid ht 0.3D = 450
Ast2 = 6 bars
Using 32 mm dia bar ∴ No of Bars = 9
+Ast 0.25D-0.05L = 288 mm
Ast = 9 bars

Side face reinft

Side face reinft reqd as per IS 456:2000 is 0.002 X 350 x 1500
2 2
= 1050 mm 4825.49 mm
Provide 16 dia 12 Nos. on each face
 a) Check for Max Shear
Total Shear =
702.08 kN
Shear stress , τ = V ( Vide cl - 304.7.1.1 of I.R.C:-21-1987 )
Bxd
V = The design shear across the section
d = Effective depth of the section
B = Breadth of slab
. 2
. .τ = 702.1 x 1000 = 1.48 N/mm
350 x 1354.00
Maximum Permissible Shear Stress :- ( Vide cl - 304.7.2 of I.R.C:-21-2000 )
b = 350 mm
d revised = 1354 mm
p = 1.53 %
2
f ck = 40.00 N/mm
τc = 0.49 N/mm 2
2
τ max = 2.5 N/mm
2
= V / bd = 1.481 > 0.49 N/mm Shear reinft. reqd
= 1.481 < 2.5 N/mm 2 SAFE
Vsteel = V −τ c*b*d 46.987 T Shear reinft. Reqd.
Spacing = σ sc X A SV X d
Vst
Assuming 2 legged 12 dia stirrups
A SV = 226.08 mm 2
σ sc = 200 N/mm 2
Spacing of stirrups = 130.3 mm
Provide 2 legged 12 dia stirrups at 125.0 c/c

DESIGN LOADS During Service (KN, KNm)

SHEAR DL SIDL LIVE LOAD Total Shear with Torsion
End Diaph- 77.12 104.3 181.467 368.9
Mid Diaph - 211.74 236.0 447.725 476.9

TORSION DL SIDL LIVE LOAD Total

End Diaph- 15.78 25.2 41.0
Mid Diaph - 0 5.5 5.5

MOMENTSDL SIDL LIVE LOAD Total Moment with Torsion

End Diaph- 189.07 55.6 244.69 274.4
Mid Diaph - -757.62 610.7 757.62 760.8

Check For Moment Of Resistant for Intermediate Diaphragm

Grade Of Concrete M 40 L/D min = 2750 / 1500 = 1.833 < 2.5

Grade Of Steel Fe 415 Deep Beam
Acc.to IRC : 21 -2000 Cl. No. 303.1
Permissible Bending Stress in Concrete σ cbc = 13.3 Mpa
Permissible Bending Stress in bending for H.Y.S.D. bars σ st = 200 Mpa
Modular Ratio = 10

Lever Arm for Deep beam= 0.2*(l+1.5D) for 1<L/D<2.5 = 1000 mm

0.5L for L/D <1

m x σ cbc 133.3333333 0.40

K = = =
m x σ cbc + σ st 133.333 + 200

J = 1 - K/3 = 0.867 But here J = 1000 / 1500 = 0.66667

Q = 1 / 2 * σ cbc * j * k = 1.78
Moment Of Resistant = Q . B . D2
= 1400 kN - mtr > Max Moment = 760.84 kN - mtr
∴ Hence Safe

Clear Cover 50 mm
Bar Dia 32 mm
deff provided = 1500 - 50 - 96 = 1354.0
Steel Required = M
σ st x j x d 0.2D = 300
= 760835523.24 -Ast Ast1 (0.5(L/D-.5)= 4 bars
200 x 0.667 x 1354.0
2
= 4214.38 mm Mid ht 0.3D = 450
Ast2 = 2 bars
Using 32 mm dia bar ∴ No of Bars = 6
+Ast 0.25D-0.05L = 238 mm
(Note: MOST standard drawings have same reinf at Ast = 6 bars
top and bottom)
Side face reinft
Side face reinft reqd as per IS 456:2000 is 0.002 X 1500 x 350
2 2
= 1050 mm 1608.5 mm
Provide 10 dia 11 Nos. on each face

a) Check for Max Shear

Total Shear =
476.87 kN
Shear stress , τ =V ( Vide cl - 304.7.1.1 of I.R.C:-21-1987 )
Bxd
V = The design shear across the section
d = Effective depth of the section
B = Breadth of slab
. 2
. .τ = 476.9 x 1000 = 1.01 N/mm
350 x 1354.00
Maximum Permissible Shear Stress :- ( Vide cl - 304.7.2 of I.R.C:-21-2000 )
b = 350 mm
d revised = 1354 mm
p = 1.02 %
2
f ck = 40.00 N/mm
τc = 0.42 N/mm 2
τ max = 2.5 N/mm 2
= V / bd = 1.006 > 0.42 N/mm 2 Shear reinft. reqd
= 1.006 < 2.5 N/mm 2 SAFE
Vsteel = V −τ c*b*d 27.784 T Shear reinft. Reqd.
Spacing = σ sc X A SV X d
Vst
Assuming 2 legged 12 dia stirrups
2
A SV = 226.08 mm
2
σ sc = 200 N/mm
Spacing of stirrups = 220.4 mm
Provide 2 legged 12 dia stirrups at 200.0 c/c

All these loads are less than or equal to the loads experienced during the jacking operations.