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Heat Conduction
Equation

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Towards an Entrepreneurial University 1

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Thermal properties of matter

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Relative conductivity

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Thermal conductivity: Fluids

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Can you design solid insulators?

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Thermal diffusivity

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Fourier’s Law

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

In reality …..

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Summary: Fourier’s Law

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Heat Conduction Equation

• To determine the temperature field
(temperature distribution)
• Based on temperature distribution, we can
compute heat flux
Element of volume:
dx dy dz We will apply the energy
conservation equation to
the differential control
volume
CV
T(x,y,z)

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Heat Conduction Equation

Fig 2-20: 3-D heat

conduction through a
rectangular control
volume(CV)

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Heat Conduction Equation

Fig 2-20: 3-D heat

conduction through a
rectangular control
volume(CV)

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Heat Conduction Equation

rate of rate of
Net conduction of heat into the CV energy change of
generation thermal
per unit energy per
volume unit volume

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Fourier-Biot equation

If the thermal conductivity is constant:

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Steady state
(Poisson equation)

What if you’ve a transient, no heat generation?

(Diffusion equation)

What if you’ve steady state, no heat generation? (Laplace

equation)

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Steady state
(Poisson equation)

Transient, no heat
generation
(Diffusion equation)

Steady state, no
heat generation
(Laplace equation)

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Other coordinate system

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Exercise

Starting with an energy

balance on a rectangular
volume element, derive the
1-D transient heat
conduction equation for a
plane wall with constant
thermal conductivity and no
heat generation.

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Boundary and Initial conditions

• Heat conduction equation is a second order
differential equation
• Second order in spatial coordinates : Need 2
boundary conditions
• First order in time: Need 1 initial condition

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Boundary and Initial conditions

Constant Constant
Convective
temperature heat flux

Radiation Interface Generalized

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Constant temperature
• The simplest condition.
Dirichlet condition
• Example when a surface
is in contact with a
melting solid or a
boiling liquid

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Constant heat flux

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Perfectly insulated

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Thermal symmetry

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Convective

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Radiation

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Interface

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Generalized

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Example 1

Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Exercise 2

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Transport properties Fourier’s law Conduction equation Boundary Condition

Exercise 3

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