≤Ãy܉˛Ü˛Ìö

ˆöï˛yç# §%û˛y£Ï ü%=˛ !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ fl¨yï˛Ü˛ ˆ◊!îÓ˚ çöƒ ˆÎ ˛õyë˛Ü ˛ü ≤ÃÓ!ï≈˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈñ
ï˛yÓ˚ °«˛î#Î˚ ˜Ó!¢T˛ƒ •° ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ !¢«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏܲ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˛õåÈ®üï˛ ˆÜ˛yöÄ !ӣψÏÎ˚ §y¡øy!öܲ
(honours) hflψÏÓ˚ !¢«˛y@ˇÃ•ˆÏîÓ˚ §%ˆÏÎyà ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe Óƒ!=˛àï˛û˛yˆÏÓ ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ @ˇÃ•î
«˛üï˛y xyˆÏà ˆÌˆÏܲ•z xö%üyö ܲˆÏÓ˚ öy !öˆÏÎ˚ !öÎ˚ï˛ ü)°ƒyÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆ§ê˛y !fiÌÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y•z
Î%!=˛Î%=˛– ˆ§•z xö%ÎyÎ˚# ~ܲy!ôܲ !ӣψÏÎ˚ §y¡øy!öܲ üyˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õyë˛ÈÙÈí˛z˛õܲÓ˚î Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Ä
•ˆÏFåÈÈÙÙÙÈÎyÓ˚ ü)° ܲyë˛yˆÏüy !fiÌÓ˚#Ü,˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ~ܲ!ê˛ §%!ã˛!hsˇï˛ ˛õyë˛Ü ˛ˆÏüÓ˚ !û˛!_ˆÏï˛– ˆÜ˛w Ä
Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ x@ˇÃàîƒ !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°Î˚ §ü)ˆÏ•Ó˚ ˛õyë˛Ü ˛ü xö%§Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ xyò¢≈ í˛z˛õܲÓ˚îà%!°Ó˚
§üß∫ˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ~•z ˛õyë˛Ü ˛ü– ˆ§•z§ˆÏAà Î%=˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ xô#ï˛Óƒ !ӣψÏÎ˚ öï%˛ö ï˛Ìƒñ üöö
Ä !ӈϟ’£ÏˆÏîÓ˚ §üyˆÏÓ¢–
ò)Ó˚§M˛yÓ˚# !¢«˛yòyˆÏöÓ˚ fl∫#Ü,˛ï˛ ˛õÂô!ï˛ xö%§Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚•z ~•z§Ó ˛õyë˛ÈÙÈí˛z˛õܲÓ˚î ˆ°áyÓ˚ ܲyç
ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– !Ó!û˛ß¨ !ӣψÏÎ˚Ó˚ x!û˛K˛ ˛õ![˛ï˛ ü[˛°#Ó˚ §y•y΃ ~ ܲyˆÏç x˛õ!Ó˚•yÎ≈ ~ÓÇ ÎÑyˆÏòÓ˚
!öÓ˚°§ ˛õ!Ó˚◊ˆÏü ˆ°áyñ §¡õyòöy ï˛Ìy !Óöƒy§Ü˛ü≈ §%§¡õߨ •ˆÏFåÈ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y §Ü˛ˆÏ°•z ôöƒÓyˆÏòÓ˚
˛õye– xy§ˆÏ°ñ ~ÑÓ˚y §Ü˛ˆÏ°•z x°ˆÏ«˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ò)Ó˚§M˛yÓ˚# !¢«˛yòyˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyÎ≈Ü ˛ˆÏü xÇ¢ !öˆÏFåÈöó
Îáö•z ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy !¢«˛yÌ≈# ~•z ˛õyë˛ƒÓ›!öã˛ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ §y•y΃ ˆöˆÏÓöñ ï˛áö•z !ï˛!ö ܲyÎ≈ï˛ ~ܲy!ôܲ
!¢«˛Ü˛ü[˛°#Ó˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚y«˛ xôƒy˛õöyÓ˚ ï˛yÓÍ §%!Óôy ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏFåÈö–
~•z§Ó ˛õyë˛ÈÙÈí˛z˛õܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ã˛ã˛≈y Ä xö%¢#°ˆÏö Îï˛ê˛y üˆÏöy!öˆÏÓ¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓö ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy !¢«˛yÌ≈#ñ
!ӣψÏÎ˚Ó˚ àû˛#ˆÏÓ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚y ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ ï˛ï˛•z §•ç •ˆÏÓ– !Ó£ÏÎ˚Ó› ÎyˆÏï˛ !öˆÏçÓ˚ ˆã˛T˛yÎ˚ x!ôàï˛
•Î˚ ˛õyë˛ÈÙÈí˛z˛õܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ û˛y£Ïy Ä í˛z˛õfiÌy˛õöy ï˛yÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÎyà# ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ §Ó≈hflψÏÓ˚ öçÓ˚ Ó˚yáy
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ ˆÎáyˆÏö Îï˛ê%˛Ü%˛ xflõT˛ï˛y ˆòáy ˆòˆÏÓñ !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ˛õyë˛ˆÏܲˆÏw
!öÎ%=˛ !¢«˛yÈÙȧ•yÎ˚ܲàˆÏîÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚yüˆÏ¢≈ ï˛yÓ˚ !öÓ˚§ö xÓ¢ƒ•z •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓ– ï˛yÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛
˛õÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï ≤Ãò_ xö%¢#°ö# Ä x!ï˛!Ó˚=˛ K˛yö xç≈ˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒ @ˇÃrÌÈÙÈ!öˆÏò≈¢ !¢«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ @ˇÃ•î
«˛üï˛y Ä !ã˛hsˇy¢#°ï˛y Ó,!ÂôÓ˚ §•yÎ˚ܲ •ˆÏÓ–
~•z x!û˛öÓ xyˆÏÎ˚yçˆÏöÓ˚ ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È ≤ÃÎ˚y§•z ~áöÄ ˛õÓ˚#«˛yü)°Ü˛ÈÙÙÙÈxˆÏöܲ ˆ«˛ˆÏe
~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚ ≤ÃÌü ˛õòˆÏ«˛˛õ– fl∫û˛yÓï˛•z e%!ê˛ÈÙÈ!Óã%˛ƒ!ï˛ !ܲå%È !ܲå%È ÌyܲˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ñ Îy xÓ¢ƒ•z
§ÇˆÏ¢yôö Ä ˛õ!Ó˚üyç≈öyÓ˚ xˆÏ˛õ«˛y Ó˚yˆÏá– §yôyÓ˚îû˛yˆÏÓ xy¢y ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚ñ Óƒy˛õܲï˛Ó˚ ÓƒÓ•yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˛õyë˛ÈÙÈí˛z˛õܲÓ˚îà%!° §Ó≈e §üyò,ï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
xôƒy!˛õܲy Sí˛.V ü!îüy°y òy§
í˛z˛õyã˛yÎ≈
 ˛≤ÃÌü ˛õ%öü%≈oî ç%°y•zñ 2011

˛û˛yÓ˚ï˛ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ò)Ó˚!¢«˛y ˛õ£Ï≈ˆÏòÓ˚ !Ó!ô xö%ÎyÎ˚# ~ÓÇ xÌ≈yö%Ü)˛ˆÏ°ƒ ü%!oï˛–˛

Printed in accordance with the regulations and financial assistance
of the Distance Education Council, Government of India.
 ˛˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛!ï˛
!Ó£ÏÎ˚ É à!îï˛ !Óòƒy §y¡øy!öܲ hflÏÓ˚

˛õyë˛Ü ˛ü É ˛õÎ≈yÎ˚ É EMT 03 : 01 & 02

Ó˚ã˛öy §¡õyòöy
~ܲܲ 1 í˛. x!fiÌÓ˚ òy¢à%Æ í˛. ¢!=˛Ü˛yhsˇ ã˛Ü ˛Óï≈˛#
~ܲܲ 2 í˛. §Óƒ§yã˛# ã˛Ü ˛Óï≈˛# í˛. ò#˛õܲ ã˛ƒyê˛y!ç≈
~ܲܲ 3 ˙ ˙
~ܲܲ 4 í˛. ≤ÃîÓ Ü%˛üyÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚# ˙
~ܲܲ 5 ˙ ˙˚
~ܲܲ 6 í˛. §Ó≈yî# ã˛Ü ˛Óï≈˛# í˛. x!fiÌÓ˚ òy¢à%Æ
~ܲܲ 7 í˛. ¢!=˛Ü˛yhsˇ ã˛Ü ˛Óï≈˛# ˙
~ܲܲ 8 ˙ ˙
~ܲܲ 9 xôƒy!˛õܲy ܲyˆÏÓÓ˚# ˆây£Ï í˛. ò#˛õܲ ã˛ƒyê˛y!ç≈
~ܲܲ 10 xôƒy˛õܲ Ó˚Aàö ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ ˙
~ܲܲ 11 í˛. Î%!Ìܲy ˆ§öà%Æ ˙
~ܲܲ 12 xôƒy!˛õܲy üô%åÈ®y §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ˙
~ܲܲ 13 xôƒy˛õܲ x!û˛!çÍ ˆã˛Ôô%!Ó˚ ˙
~ܲܲ 14 ˙ ˙

ˆây£Ïîy
~•z ˛õyë˛ÈÙȧÇܲ°ˆÏöÓ˚ §ü%òÎ˚ fl∫c ˆöï˛y!ç §%û˛y£Ï ü%=˛ !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ myÓ˚y §ÇÓ˚!«˛ï˛–
!ÓŸª!Óòƒy°Î˚ ܲï,,˛≈˛õˆÏ«˛Ó˚ !°!áï˛ xö%ü!ï˛ åÈyí˛¸y ~Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ xLjϢÓ˚ ˛õ%öü%≈oî Óy ˆÜ˛yöÄû˛yˆÏÓ
í˛zÂô,!ï˛ §¡õ)î≈ !ö!£ÏÂô–
xôƒy˛õܲ Sí˛.V !Óܲy¢ ˆây£
ܲyÎ≈!öÓ≈y•# !öÓrôܲ
 ˆöï˛y!ç §%û˛y£Ï ü%=˛ !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°Î˚
EMT–03
Ó#çà!îï˛

˛õÎ≈yÎ˚
1
˛õ%Ó˚yï˛ö# Ó#çà!îï˛
~ܲܲ 1 x§üï˛y§ü)• 1–54

~ܲܲ 2 ç!ê˛° Ó˚y!¢ 55–92

~ܲܲ 3 ˛ç!ê˛° Ó˚y!¢Ó˚ xˆÏ˛õ«˛Ü˛ 93–126

~ܲܲ 4 Ó•%˛õò Ó˚y!¢ñ Ó•%˛õò §ü#ܲÓ˚îÈÙÈ~Ó˚ Ó#ç Ä ôü≈§ü)• 127–161

~ܲܲ 5 !eâyï˛ Ä ã˛ï%˛â≈yï˛ §ü#ܲÓ˚î 162–201

~ܲܲ 6 xöƒyöƒ !ӈϢ£Ï §ü#ܲÓ˚î 202–230

~ܲܲ 7 Ü ˛!üܲ û˛@¿yÇ¢ 231–276

~ܲܲ 8 ˛õ)î≈§Çáƒy ï˛_¥ 277–314

 ˛õÎ≈yÎ˚
2
!Óü)ï≈˛ Ó#çà!îï˛
~ܲܲ 9 ˆ§ê˛ S§M˛Î˚îV (Set Theory) 315–358

~ܲܲ 10 §¡∫rô Óy §¡õÜ≈˛ñ !ã˛eî (Relations, Mapping) 359–373

~ܲܲ 11 ˛ò° (Group) É §ÇK˛yñ ü)°ôü≈ 374–422

~ܲܲ 12 ã˛Ü ˛#Î˚ ò° (Cyclic Group),

fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ xôò° (Normal Subgroup) 423–442

~ܲܲ 13 xAàö (Ring) 443–464

~ܲܲ 14 ≤ÃyAàö (Field) 465–476