Turabian Style Instructions – Beginner Level

What is Turabian?:

Turabian style is a version of the Chicago Manual of Style, which is a professional citation style used by many disciplines and publishers including the
profession of history.

Why Turabian?:

Historians use Turabian because history is an evidence based discipline that follows an ethical obligation to allow readers to find exactly the original
information used by the author.

Description of Turabian:

Turabian Style does not use parenthetical citations. Parenthetical citations are citations included between parentheses in the text of the essay. Turabian
style uses footnotes or endnotes identified by a superscript number at the end of the cited material. Those numbers go in order beginning with 1 and each
citation gets a new number whether the source was used previously or not. No two citations can have the same number.

The Turabian style has two basic formats for recording source information for each type of source. One format for bibliography and one for
endnotes/footnotes. Endnotes are citation information at the end of the essay; whereas, footnotes place the citation information at the bottom of the page
but not in the footer. The bibliography format is slightly different because it is organized by author’s last name. The endnotes or footnotes appear in the order
in which they are used in the essay according to their citation number. At the end of the instructions there is a sample for what footnotes look like when they
are used.

Basic Citation Templates

Books with One Author

Book Bibliography Entry – One Author

[Author’s Last Name], [First Name]. [Book Title in Italics]. [Location of Publication, usually a city]: [Name of Publisher], [Year
published for the edition used].

Book Bibliography Entry – One Author Example

Boahen, Adu. African Perspectives on Colonialism. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1987.
Book Footnote/Endnote Entry – One Author

[Author’s First Name] [Last Name], [Book Title in Italics]. [(Location of Publication, usually a city]: [Name of Publisher], [Year
published for the edition used)], [page number].

Book Footnote/Endnote Entry – One Author Example

Adu Boahen, African Perspectives on Colonialism (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1987), 68.

Periodical Articles (as found in most databases including JSTOR, American History and Life, and so on)

According to rule in the history department, a hyperlink is not required if the article is in stable pdf format, an exact scan of its original published form.
However, if the article is in a webpage format, then the accessed date and hyperlink must be added at the end of the citation.

Periodical Article Bibliography Entry – One Author

[Author’s Last Name], [First Name], [Article Title in Quotations], [Name of Journal in Italics] [Volume Number], [Issue
Number, if used for the publication] [(Year Published)]: [Full range of pages for the article].

Periodical Article Bibliography Entry – One Author Example

Martin, Susan, “Gender and Innovation: Farming, Cooking and Palm Processing in the Ngwa Region, South-Eastern Nigeria,
1900-1930,” Journal of African History 25, no. 4 (1984): 411-427.

Periodical Article Endnote/Footnote Entry – One Author

[Author’s First Name] [Last Name], [Article Title in Quotations], [Name of Journal in Italics] [Volume Number], [Issue Number,
if used for the publication] [(Year Published)]: [Page or pages from which the information appears in the article only].
Periodical Article Endnote/Footnote Entry – One Author Example

Susan Martin, “Gender and Innovation: Farming, Cooking and Palm Processing in the Ngwa Region, South-Eastern Nigeria,
1900-1930,” Journal of African History 25, no. 4 (1984): 421.

Newspaper Articles
Newspapers are listed in the Bibliography with the name of the newspaper and the location of the newspaper if it is not in the the newspaper’s name.
Newspaper articles are listing in the endnotes or footnotes with full details for that specific article. Many research projects use hundreds of them and publishers
want to limit the length of the bibliography. If the newspaper is from an online source rather than an archival pdf database, then the hyperlink must be included.

Newspaper Article Bibliography Entry

[Newspaper’s Name in Italics] [(if the city name is not in the title, include it)]

Newspaper Article Bibliography Entry Examples

OR
Los Angeles Times The Christian Science Monitor (Boston)

Newspaper Article Endnote/Footnote Entry

[Author’s First Name] [Last Name], [Article Title in Quotations], [Name of Newspapers in Italics] [Date including day, month,
and year], [Page or pages from which the information appears in the article].

Newspaper Article Endnote/Footnote Entry Example

Tyler Marshall, “200th Birthday of Grimms Celebrated,” Los Angeles Times, 15 March 1985, sec. 1A, p. 3.1

1
Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th ed., (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996), 145. [This is an
example for what footnotes look like]