PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GP313-PROCESS
INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL

PREPARED BY:
MOHD TAUFIK REZZA BIN MOHD FOUDZI
Jun 2011
 Pressure Measurement

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Hydrostatic
Pressure
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Pressure
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FIRST Type of
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Pressure Measurement
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Measuring
Buoyancy
Instruments

Applications Evaluation
 PRESSURE
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• Pressure units are a measure of force
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• It is most commonly expressed in
pounds per square inch (psi) or
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in English units; or Pascals (Pa) in
metric units, which is the force in
Newtons per square meter (N/m²).

Pressure = Force, F Exercise

Area, A 2.1
 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
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A B C
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Which the vessels above have

high pressure?
 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
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• A vertical column of fluid exerts a pressure due
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to the column’s weight.
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• The relationship between column height and
fluid pressure at the bottom of the column is
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regardless of vessel width or shape.
Exercise
2.2, 2.3

= Mass density of fluid in kilograms per cubic meter (metric)

or slugs per cubic foot (British)
=Weight density of fluid in Newton per cubic meter (metric)
or pounds per cubic foot (British)
 SPECIFIC WEIGHT TABLE
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 TYPE OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
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Atmosphere Pressure
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Gauge
Pressure
 PRESSURE CONVERSION
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Exercise
2.5, Extra
 BUOYANCY
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•Buoyancy is the upward force exerted on an object

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immersed or floating in a liquid.
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•The weight is less than it is in air, due to the weight of the
displaced fluid. The upward force on the object causes the
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weight loss, called the buoyant force, and is given by:
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where
B = The buoyant force in pounds
y = The specific weight in pounds per cubic foot
V = the volume of the displaced liquid in cubic feet.
 BUOYANCY
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Exercise
2.6, 2.7
 PASCAL LAW
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The pressure applied to an enclosed liquid (or
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gas) is transmitted to all parts of the fluid and to
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the walls of the container.
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Exercise
2.8
 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
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SLIDE Manometer
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Exercise
2.9, 2.10
 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
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BACK Diaphragms, The devices that change

Capsules, their shape when pressure
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and Bellows is applied.
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 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
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Capsules

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 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
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Bellow

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 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
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Bourdon
Tube
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 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
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SLIDE Differential
Pressure
Transmitter
 Applications
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Measuring process vessel clogging

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 Applications
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Measuring positive gauge pressure

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 Applications
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Measuring vacuum
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 EXERCISE 2.1
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BACK The liquid in a container has a total weight of 152

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kN, and the container has a 8.9 m² base. What is
the pressure on the base?
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 EXERCISE 2.2 & 2.3
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BACK What is the depth in a lake, if the pressure is 0.1

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MPa?
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 EXERCISE 2.5 & EXTRA
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BACK What pressure in psi corresponds to 98.5 kPa?

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The atmospheric pressure is 14.5 psi. If the
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the gauge pressure?

What is the gauge pressure in (a) kPa, and (b)

N/cm², at a distance 5.5 ft below the
surface of a column of water?

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 EXERCISE 2.6 & 2.7
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What is the buoyant force on a plastic cube with
2.5m sides, floating in water, if three-quarters of
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What is the apparent weight of a 3.7m³ block of
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specific weight of wood is 8.5 kN/m³.

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 EXERCISE 2.8
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In figure below, if the area of the small piston A S is
8.2 in²,and the area of the large piston A L is 2.3 ft²,
HOME what is the force FL on the large piston, if the force
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 EXERCISE 2.9 & 2.10
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The liquid in a manometer has a specific weight of
8.5 kN/m³. If the liquid rises 83 cm higher in the lower
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What is the liquid density in a manometer, if the
difference in the liquid levels in the manometer
tubes is 1.35m, and the differential pressure
between the tubes is 7.85 kPa?

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