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Conjunctive Participles
Syntax
Grammar » Verbals » Participles
Possession
[-] Particles
Emphatic Particles April 20, 2012

Negative Particles
तो As the name implies, “conjunctive participles” may be used to conjoin two verb phrases, in a manner similar to conjunctions such
भी as और (“and”). If the same subject performs two sequential actions, the first action may be expressed with a conjunctive participle.
यूँ Conjunctive participles are very common in Hindi, and many speakers prefer to use them versus conjunctions.
ही
[-] Miscellaneous
[-] Affixes Form of Conjunctive Participles
वाला
Echo Words Conjunctive participles are formed simply by adding the suffix कर or के to the verb stem:
Pair Words
Interjections जाना, जा + के = जाके
Adverbs
Conditional Sentences पढ़ना, पढ़ + के = पढ़के
[-] Postpositions
को लेना, ले + के = लेके
Conjunctions
[-] Verbals सुनना, सुन + कर = सुनकर
[-] Participles
Verb Stem + रहा पहुँ चना, पहुँ च + कर = पहुँ चकर
Habitual Participles
Future Participles कर and के may be used interchangeably. However, in common spoken and written Hindi, के is much more common. कर may be
Passive Participles used in more formal writing. For the verb करना, however, the only possible form is करके; करकर is not correct.
Perfect Participles
Imperfective Participles In colloquial Hindi, the conjunctive participle करके may be used with the verb stem to form a periphrastic conjunctive participle:
Conjunctive Participles
Infinitives वह खाना खा करके जायेगा – “He will go after eating”
[-] Verbs
Participle + जाना Occasionally, the suffix कर or के may be dropped altogether, and the verb stem may be used as a conjunctive participle:

Compulsion Idioms
Infinitive + होना दोस्त देख वह हंसने लगी – “Upon seeing her friend, she began to laugh”
Modality
The suffix may occasionally be written separately:
[-] Mood
Imperative Mood
खाना खा के सो जाओ – “Eat some food and go to sleep”
Presumptive Mood
Subjunctive Mood
Aspect Examples
Tense
Negation Although conjunctive participles can be literally translated as “having ___ed” in English (“having reached there…” etc.), they
[-] Idiomatic Verbs correspond to several English idioms.
जाना
चुकना
िमलना Conjunctive – ” ___ and ___”
चाहना
चािहये मैं घर जाके थोड़ा काम करूँ गा – “I will go home and do a little work”, literally “I, having gone home, will do a little work.”
सकना
देना Temporal – “After ___ing”, “Upon ___ing”
पाना
लगना तुम्हें वहां पहुँ चकर उससे बात करनी चािहए = “You should talk with her after you reach there”, literally "After reaching there, you
होना
should talk with her.” अपनी माँ की आवाज़ सुनकर, वह घर वापस आया – “When he heard his mother’s voice, he returned home”,
[-] Voice
literally “Upon hearing his mother’s voice…” संभलकर चलाओ – “Drive carefully” मेहरबानी करके धीमी आवाज़ में बात कीिजये –
Passive Voice
“Please talk quietly” (very formal).
Causative Verbs
Iterative Constructions
Continuity Manner
Multiple Subjects
Ergativity जल्दी से दौड़के, उसने अपने दोस्त पकड़े – “Running quickly, she caught her friends.” – Or perhaps simply “she ran quickly and caught
Transitivity her friends.”
Indirect Verb Constructions
Compound Verbs
Conjunct Verbs Compounds
[-] Basic Verb Forms
Future Perfect Certain conjunctive participles occur often with certain verbs to form a sort of compound verb. For instance, लेके आना is a
Future Continuous common combination. लेके जाना is another common combination.
Future Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous
Future
« Imperfective Partici… Grammar Infinitives »
Past Perfective Back to Top
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
Past Continuous
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Present Habitual
[-] Adjectives
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Indefinite Adjectives
Name
Interrogative Adjectives
Superlative Adjectives
Comparative Adjectives Matthew Chang • 5 years ago
[-] Pronouns I have a question regarding verb agreement. If both verbs are transitive with the same object does the second verb
Reflexive Pronouns agree with the object? Would you say मैंने रोटी लेकर खा ली or मैंने रोटी लेकर खाया (I took the roti and ate it)
Indefinite Pronouns △ ▽ • Reply • Share ›
Relative Pronouns
hindilanguage.info Mod > Matthew Chang • 5 years ago
Demonstrative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns Yes, it agrees with its object even if it "shares" the object with a participle.

Personal Pronouns △ ▽ • Reply • Share ›

[-] Nouns Divija Sampathi • 5 years ago • edited
Case Hai David..
Gender
1.तुम्हें वहां पहुँ चकर उससे बात करना चािहए..Shouldn't it be 'baat karni' as the object 'उससे' is blocked by से and verb should
inflect the noun which is 'बात' , a feminine?
GET CONNECTED 2.महरबानी करके धीमी आवाज़ में बात कीिजये : What is the meaning of धीमी and महरबानी?

3.जल्दी से दौड़के, उससे अपने दोस्त पकड़े : shouldn't it be 'उसने' instead of 'उससे'?? And what is the gender of 'दोस्त' in common?
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Pls clarify
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NEWS
hindilanguage.info Mod > Divija Sampathi • 5 years ago

JANUARY 8, 2015 Hey, Divija. Regarding #1: Yes, that was an error. I corrected it. Regarding #2: धीमी can mean "faint", "slow",
Happy New Year 2015! "quiet". Here, it means "quiet". "मेहरबानी" is the correct spelling. It literally means "kindness". Thus "महरबानी करके"
means "kindly", i.e. "please". It is a formal expression that means "please". Regarding #3: yes, that was a
Happy new year! Last year, I added about 30
new... Read
typographical error, thanks. Certain personal nouns, like "दोस्त", can be either feminine or masculine. So, if it
refers to a female friend, it will be feminine, and if it refers to a male friend, it will be masculine. If it refers to a
group of mixed gender, it will be masculine.
JANUARY 1, 2014

Happy New Year 2014!

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Happy new year! I was very productive in

2013. I... Read ✉ Subscribe d Add Disqus to your site ⚠ Do Not Sell My Data

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