Performance of The Four Strokes

Diesel Engine

‫علي وليد جعفر‬

HEAT LAB | FOURTH STAGE -A- | 3/7/2020

 N (r.p.m) T(Co) ∆𝑷 (mmH2o) t (sec)

1250 200 6.5 59.7

1500 215 13 53.1

1750 233 15.5 49.2

2000 248 14 42.4

2250 256 17.5 32

T = 6 N.m

Qcv = 40850 kJ/kg

𝜌𝑓 = 830 kg/m3

Vs = 230 cm3

𝜌𝑎 = 1.2 kg/m3

PAGE 1
Calculations

1. at N = 1250 r.p.m
2𝜋𝑁𝑇 2𝜋 ×1250×6
𝑃𝐵 = → 𝑃𝐵 = = 0.785 𝑘𝑊
60000 60000

𝑆 × 8 × 3.6 0.83 × 8 × 3.6

ṁ𝑓 = → ṁ𝑓 = = 0.4 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟
𝑡 59.7
ṁ𝑓 × 1000 0.4 × 1000
𝑠𝑓𝑐 = → 𝑠𝑓𝑐 = = 510.006 𝑔/𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑃𝑏 0.785
From the figure given → 𝑚̇𝑎 =7.69 kg/hr

ṁ𝑎 7.69
𝐴𝐹𝑅 = → 𝐴𝐹𝑅 = = 19.206
ṁ𝑓 0.4

ṁ𝑎 7.69
𝜂𝑣 = → 𝜂𝑣 = = 37.15 %
60 × 𝑁 × 𝜌𝑎 × 𝑉𝑠 60 × 1250 × 1.2 × 0.00023

𝑃𝑏 × 3600 0.785 × 3600

𝜂𝑏 = → 𝜂𝑏 = = 17.28 %
ṁ𝑓 × 𝑄𝑐𝑣 0.4 × 40850

100(1 + 𝐴𝐹𝑅)(𝑇𝑒 − 𝑇𝑎 ) 100(1 + 19.206)(200 − 25)

𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = → 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 =
𝐶𝑉 40850
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 8.65 %
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 𝑃𝑏(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )
1 (273 + 200)
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 0.785 × × = 1.245 𝐾𝑤
1.000637 (273 + 25)
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = ṁ𝑎(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )

1 (273 + 200)
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 7.69 × × = 12.198 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟
1.000637 (273 + 25)

PAGE 2
2. at N = 1500

2𝜋𝑁𝑇 2𝜋 × 1500 ×6
𝑃𝐵 = → 𝑃𝐵 = = 0.942 𝑘𝑊
60000 60000

𝑆 × 8 × 3.6 0.83 × 8 × 3.6

ṁ𝑓 = → ṁ𝑓 = = 0.45 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟
𝑡 53.1
ṁ𝑓 × 1000 0.45 × 1000
𝑠𝑓𝑐 = → 𝑠𝑓𝑐 = = 477.887 𝑔/𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑃𝑏 0.942
From the figure given → 𝑚̇𝑎 = 14.33 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟

ṁ𝑎 14.33
𝐴𝐹𝑅 = → 𝐴𝐹𝑅 = = 31.832
ṁ𝑓 0.45

ṁ𝑎 14.33
𝜂𝑣 = → 𝜂𝑣 = = 57.69 %
60 × 𝑁 × 𝜌𝑎 × 𝑉𝑠 60 × 1500 × 1.2 × 0.00023

𝑃𝑏 × 3600 0.94 × 3600

𝜂𝑏 = → 𝜂𝑏 = = 18.44 %
ṁ𝑓 × 𝑄𝑐𝑣 0.45 × 40850

100(1 + 𝐴𝐹𝑅)(𝑇𝑒 − 𝑇𝑎 ) 100(1 + 31.82)(215 − 25)

%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = → %𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 =
𝐶𝑉 40850
%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 15.27 %
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 𝑃𝑏(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )
1 (273 + 215)
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 0.942 × × = 1.541 𝑘𝑊
1.00127 (273 + 25)
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = ṁ𝑎(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )

1 (273 + 215)
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 14.33 × × = 23.437
1.00127 (273 + 25)

PAGE 3
 3. at N = 1750 r.p.m

2𝜋𝑁𝑇 2𝜋 ×1750 ×6
𝑃𝐵 = → 𝑃𝐵 = = 1.099 𝑘𝑊
60000 60000

𝑆 × 8 × 3.6 0.83 × 8 × 3.6

ṁ𝑓 = → ṁ𝑓 = = 0.486 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟
𝑡 49.2
ṁ𝑓 × 1000 0.486 × 1000
𝑠𝑓𝑐 = → 𝑠𝑓𝑐 = = 442.087 𝑔/𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑃𝑏 1.009
From the figure given → 𝑚̇𝑎 = 16.89 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟

ṁ𝑎 16.89
𝐴𝐹𝑅 = → 𝐴𝐹𝑅 = = 34.764
ṁ𝑓 0.486

ṁ𝑎 16.89
𝜂𝑣 = → 𝜂𝑣 = = 58.28 %
60 × 𝑁 × 𝜌𝑎 × 𝑉𝑠 60 × 1750 × 1.2 × 0.00023

𝑃𝑏 × 3600 1.099 × 3600

𝜂𝑏 = → 𝜂𝑏 = = 19.93 %
ṁ𝑓 × 𝑄𝑐𝑣 0.486 × 40850

100(1 + 𝐴𝐹𝑅)(𝑇𝑒 − 𝑇𝑎 ) 100(1 + 34.764)(233 − 25)

%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = → %𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 =
𝐶𝑉 40850
%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 18.21 %
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 𝑃𝑏(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )
1 (273 + 233)
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 1.099 × × = 1.863 𝑘𝑊
1.00152 (273 + 25)
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = ṁ𝑎(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )

1 (273 + 233)
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = × × = 28.635 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟
1.00152 (273 + 25)

PAGE 4
 4. at N=2000 r.p.m

2𝜋𝑁𝑇 2𝜋 × 2000 ×6
𝑃𝐵 = → 𝑃𝐵 = = 1.256 𝑘𝑊
60000 60000

𝑆 × 8 × 3.6 0.83 × 8 × 3.6

ṁ𝑓 = → ṁ𝑓 = = 0.564 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟
𝑡 42.4
ṁ𝑓 × 1000 0.564 × 1000
𝑠𝑓𝑐 = → 𝑠𝑓𝑐 = = 448.864 𝑔/𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑃𝑏 1.256
From the figure given → 𝑚̇𝑎 = 15.35 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟

ṁ𝑎 15.35
𝐴𝐹𝑅 = → 𝐴𝐹𝑅 = = 27.227
ṁ𝑓 0.564

ṁ𝑎 15.35
𝜂𝑣 = → 𝜂𝑣 = = 46.35 %
60 × 𝑁 × 𝜌𝑎 × 𝑉𝑠 60 × 2000 × 1.2 × 0.00023

𝑃𝑏 × 3600 1.256 × 3600

𝜂𝑏 = → 𝜂𝑏 = = 19.63 %
ṁ𝑓 × 𝑄𝑐𝑣 0.564 × 40850

100(1 + 𝐴𝐹𝑅)(𝑇𝑒 − 𝑇𝑎 ) 100(1 + 27.227)(248 − 25)

%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = → %𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 =
𝐶𝑉 40850
%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 15.4 %
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 𝑃𝑏(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )
1 (273 + 248)
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 1.256 × × = 2.193 𝑘𝑊
1.00137 (273 + 25)
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = ṁ𝑎(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )

1 (273 + 248)
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 15.35 × × = 26.8 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟
1.00137 (273 + 25)

PAGE 5
 5. at N = 2250 r.p.m

2𝜋𝑁𝑇 2𝜋 × 2250 ×6
𝑃𝐵 = → 𝑃𝐵 = = 1.413 𝑘𝑊
60000 60000

𝑆 × 8 × 3.6 0.83 × 8 × 3.6

ṁ𝑓 = → ṁ𝑓 = = 0.747
𝑡 32
ṁ𝑓 × 1000 0.747 × 1000
𝑠𝑓𝑐 = → 𝑠𝑓𝑐 = = 528.662 𝑔/𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑃𝑏 1.413
From the figure given → 𝑚̇𝑎 = 18.936 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟

ṁ𝑎 18.936
𝐴𝐹𝑅 = → 𝐴𝐹𝑅 = = 25.349
ṁ𝑓 0.747

ṁ𝑎 18.936
𝜂𝑣 = → 𝜂𝑣 = = 50.82 %
60 × 𝑁 × 𝜌𝑎 × 𝑉𝑠 60 × 2250 × 1.2 × 0.00023

𝑃𝑏 × 3600 1.413 × 3600

𝜂𝑏 = → 𝜂𝑏 = = 16.67 %
ṁ𝑓 × 𝑄𝑐𝑣 0.747 × 40850

100(1 + 𝐴𝐹𝑅)(𝑇𝑒 − 𝑇𝑎 ) 100(1 + 25.349)(256 − 25)

%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = → %𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 =
𝐶𝑉 40850
%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 14.9 %
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 𝑃𝑏(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )
1 (273 + 256)
𝑃𝑏(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 1.413 × × = 2.504 𝑘𝑊
1.00171 (273 + 25)
𝑝𝑠 (273 + 𝑇𝑜 )
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = ṁ𝑎(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑) ×
𝑝𝑜 (273 + 𝑇𝑠 )

1 (273 + 256)
ṁ𝑎(𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑) = 18.936 × × = 33.557 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟
1.00171 (273 + 25)

PAGE 6
 Tables of Results

N (r.p.m) Pb (kW) AFR sfc (g/kWh) ηv (%) ηb (%) Te (Co)

1250 0.785 19.206 510.006 37.15 17.28 200

1500 0.942 31.832 477.887 57.69 18.44 215

1750 1.099 34.764 442.087 58.28 19.93 233

2000 1.256 27.227 448.864 46.35 19.63 248

2250 1.413 25.349 528.662 50.82 16.67 256

PAGE 7
Charts

N vs Pb
1.6

1.4

1.2

1
Pb

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
N

N vs AFR
40

35

30

25
AFR

20

15

10

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
N

PAGE 8
 N vs sfc
540

530

520

510

500

490
sfc

480

470

460

450

440

430
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
N

N vs ηv
70

60

50

40
ηv

30

20

10

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
N

PAGE 9
 N vs ηb
20.5

20

19.5

19
ηb

18.5

18

17.5

17

16.5
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
N

N vs Te
300

250

200
Te

150

100

50

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
N

PAGE 10
References

1. Ferreira, Omar Campos (March 1998). "Efficiencies of Internal Combustion

Engines"
2. "Four-stroke engine: how it works, animation". testingautos.com. Retrieved
25 January 2020.
3. Hardenberg, Horst O. (1999). The Middle Ages of the Internal combustion
Engine. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).

PAGE 11