Brandon Soh

A0124145R

Assignment 1

1a) Oil

86334 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑈𝑆𝐷

b) 𝐺𝐷𝑃2050 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎 = = 9118.50 𝑈𝑆𝐷
9468 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝐺𝐷𝑃2050 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎 = 𝐺𝐷𝑃2012 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎 × (1 + 0.032)38

9118.50 𝑈𝑆𝐷
𝐺𝐷𝑃2012 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎 = 3.310
= 2754.83 𝑈𝑆𝐷
9118.50−2754.83
% 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐺𝐷𝑃 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎 (2012 − 2050) = 𝑈𝑆𝐷 × 100% = 231%
2754.83

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛 2012 = 160 + 125 + 175 + 25 + 12.5 + 60 + 10 = 567.5 𝐸𝐽

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛 2050 = 567.5 𝐸𝐽 + 231% = 1878.4 𝐸𝐽

c)

Fossil fuel Global consumption (EJ) Emissions (kg CE/GJ)

6DS 2DS
Coal 255 76 26.8
Natural Gas 215 107 15.5
Oil 252 112 19.8
Total 722 295

44
𝐶𝑂2 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 (6𝐷𝑆) = [(255 × 26.8) + (215 × 15.5) + (252 × 19.8) × 109 × 12

= 5.557 × 1013 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂2 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡

44
𝐶𝑂2 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 (2𝐷𝑆) = [(76 × 26.8) + (107 × 15.5) + (112 × 19.8) × 109 ×
12

= 2.168 × 1013 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂2 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 3.389 × 1013 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂2 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑘𝑡𝐶𝑂2 𝑘𝑔𝐶𝑂2
d) 𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑋𝐷𝑆) = 40 𝑃𝐽
= 40 𝐺𝐽

2
𝑇𝑃𝐸𝐷 (𝑋𝐷𝑆) = 3 × 928 𝐸𝐽 = 618.67 𝐸𝐽
722+295
𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑙 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑋𝐷𝑆) = 2
= 508.5 𝐸𝐽

𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 618.67 − 508.5 = 110.17 𝐸𝐽

Brandon Soh
A0124145R

𝑀𝐽
2a) 𝑊𝐼𝐶 = 0.2 × 21.1 = 4.2 𝑘𝑔

𝑀𝐽
𝑊𝐹𝐶 = 0.6 × 21.2 = 12.7 𝑘𝑔

12.7 𝑘𝑚
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 4.2
× 10 = 30.3 𝐿

2000
b) 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 (𝐼𝐶) = 10
× 12 = 2400 𝐿
2000
𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟(𝐹𝐶) = 30.3
× 12 = 792 𝐿

𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 2400 − 792 = 1608 𝐿 = 424.79 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑦 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 424.79 × 2.4 = $1019.50

c) The FC car uses no oil. Also, the IC engine car consumes fuel while idling, while the FC car
consumes no energy while doing so.

3a) 𝑑𝑊 − 𝑑𝑄𝑐 − 𝑑𝑄𝐻 = 0 − (1)

𝑑𝑄𝐻 = 𝐶𝐻𝑡 𝑑𝑇𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑄𝐶 = 𝐶𝐶𝑡 𝑑𝑇𝐶 − (2)

Combine 1 and 2,

𝑑𝑊 = 𝐶𝐻𝑡 𝑑𝑇𝐻 + 𝐶𝐶𝑡 𝑑𝑇𝐶 − (3)

Integrating it,

𝑊 = 𝐶𝐻𝑡 (𝑇𝐻 − 𝑇𝐻0 ) + 𝐶𝐶𝑡 (𝑇𝐶 − 𝑇𝐶0 )

𝑇𝐻 𝑇𝐶
𝑊 = 𝐶𝐻𝑡 𝑇𝐻0 ( − 1) + 𝐶𝐶𝑡 𝑇𝐶0 ( − 1)
𝑇𝐻0 𝑇𝐶0

b) 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 → 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑇𝐶 = 𝑇𝐻 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑇

𝑡
𝐶𝐻
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝜑 = 𝐶𝐶𝑡