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Module 4: Dynamic Vibration Absorbers

Lecture 16: Simple Vibration Neutraliser

The Lecture Contains:

Basic Concept of Dynamic Vibration Absorber

Model of a Simple Vibration Neutraliser

Design Considerations

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Module 4: Dynamic Vibration Absorbers

Lecture 16: Simple Vibration Neutraliser

Dynamic Vibration Absorbers

Basic Concept

Dynamic Vibration Absorbers (DVA) are based on the concept of attaching a secondary mass to a
primary vibrating system such that the secondary mass dissipates the energy and thus reduce the
amplitude of vibration of the primary system.

There are many application of DVA, A few are noted below:

vibration control of transmission cables

control of torsional oscillation of crankshaft
control of rolling motion of ships
chatter control of cutting tools
control of noise in aircraft cabin
vibration control of hand held devices

DVAs are generally of three types

Vibration Neutralizer : Here, a secondary mass is connected to the primary using a spring
element.

Auxiliary Mass Damper : Here the secondary mass is connected to the primary by a
damper/dashpot.

Dynamic Vibration Absorber: A general case where both spring and damper are used to
connect the secondary mass, with the primary system.

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Module 4: Dynamic Vibration Absorbers

Lecture 16: Simple Vibration Neutraliser

Model of a Simple Vibration Neutralizer

The primary system is assumed to be an undamped single-degree-of-freedom system of mass

and stiffness . The secondary system (the neutralizer) consists of mass attached to the

primary using a spring of stiffness . The primary system is subjected to a harmonic excitation

as shown in figure 16.1.

Figure 16.1: Vibration neutralizer

The responses of the masses from their respective equilibrium positions are denoted as for
and for . The equations of motion for the masses can be written as

(16.1)

(16.2)

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Module 4: Dynamic Vibration Absorbers

Lecture 16: Simple Vibration Neutraliser

In the steady state, the solutions of the governing equations are assumed to be and
. Substituting these in eqns (16.1) and (16.2), we get

(16.3)

(16.4)

Solving eqns. (16.3) and (16.4), we obtain

(16.5)

(16.6)

From eqns. (16.5) and (16.6), you may note that if the secondary system is tuned to the excitation

frequency, i.e., its natural frequency is made equal to , then and

. This implies that the primary system comes to rest, after tuning.

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Module 4: Dynamic Vibration Absorbers

Lecture 16: Simple Vibration Neutraliser

Design Considerations

It should be noted that a tuned neutralizer makes the response of the primary system zero only
at one frequency, namely, . So, the application of such a neutralizer is very much
limited.

Eventhough the tuned mass damping system could successfully neutralize the vibration

response of the primary system when the excitation frequency is ; it also introduces two
new resonating frequencies to the original system. Hence, care should be taken such that the
two new frequencies are kept sufficiently away from the expected excitation frequency.

From equation 16.6, you may note that at , displacement of the secondary mass,

. In fact in many system, there is a constraint on maximum permissible value of .

This is known as rattle space.

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