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Abstract — To receive the current isolation condition of Before a transformer starts running test were
a power transformer you have a large number of diagnostic performed. These tests can be classified in
methods available. A consistent picture results usually only routine tests, type tests and special tests.
from view of several indicators, on the basis of relevant Routine tests are required for each
standards and experiences as well as from trend analysis of
different characteristics. In general the diagnostic methods transformer. Routine tests are resistance
deliver the status of power transformers and the prediction of measurements, determination of the voltage
the ageing condition. Ageing in the insulation system of power ratio, loss measurements and also acceptance
transformers is caused by impact of air, moisture, temperature, tests like partial discharge tests or voltage
mechanical and electrical overstressing and insulation withstand tests for alternating voltage and
contamination.
impulse voltages before delivering the
Index Terms — Diagnostic methods, oil analysis, dielectric transformer to the user.
diagnostic.
Type tests are tests which were performed
only for each transformer design. These tests
I. INTRODUCTION are necessary to show that the design fulfills
defined criteria for instance a temperature rise
Transformers are one oft the most important and
test. And special tests are tests which were
cost-intensive components of the electrical power supply.
agreed between manufacturer and user. An
Therefore a big interest for significant diagnostic parameter
example therefore are sound level tests. The
exists. These parameters should represent the state of aging of
acceptance criteria for special tests were
the insulating components (board and oil) and they should
defined between user and manufacturer. In
also show incipient failures which can lead to a damage of the
the different standards there are acceptance
transformer. Figure 1 shows the typical failure distribution of
criteria available only for routine tests which
high voltage transformers. It can be seen that the highest risk
may be used. For instance the IEC
for a failure are the windings and the bushings of a
recommended for partial discharge
transformer because in these regions the highest electrical
measurements of the whole transformer the
field occurred during operation.
following levels for the apparent charge:
6 7 8
1 • 500 pC at 150% Um
5 • 300 pC at 130% Um
• 100 pC at 110% Um
IEEE C57.1041991
Furane Values
Dörnenburg
Moisture Rogers
Dissolved Gas
Analyses (DGA)
Neutralization Value Duval
Operating Noises
Mechanical
Mechanisch PD Location
Thermography FRA-Analysis
Wavelet Technique
dilution emulsion
VI. CONCLUSION
Depolarisation current
Depolarisationsstrom