04 02 T6497 Prev Maint A4 DPLPG Color

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T6497 KERINCI
Training on Industrial Steam Turbines

Preventive Maintenance
Type of Machine: SST800 – EEHNK 90/3,2
PG I14314 Training
Caution
This document fits for training puposes

only. May not be used for operation.
Any use for operation may cause harm to
persons and materials.
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its We have checked the contents of this manual for agreement
contents is not permitted without express written authority. with the hardware and software described. However,
Offenders will be liable for damages. deviations cannot be precluded entirely. Therefore we cannot
All rights, including rights created by patent grant or accept any guarantee for complete agreement. The data in
registration of a utility model or design, are reserved. this manual are reviewed regularly and any necessary
corrections included in subsequent editions.
Suggestions for improvement are welcome.
© Siemens Power Generation 2007. Technical data subject to change.

All rights reserved.
Preventive Maintenance Table of contents
Table of contents
1 General Information 5
2 Maintenance and inspection instructions 8
2.1 Structure and overview 8
2.2 Test/Inspection and maintenance intervals 9
3 Turbine plant 16
3.1 Turbine 16
3.1.1 Checking casing expansion 16

3.1.2 Check of shaft glands 16
3.1.3 Checking the turbine shaft position measuring device 17
3.1.4 Measuring shaft vibration 17
3.1.5 Checking the phase angle 18
3.1.6 Checking the coast-down time of the shaft assembly 18
3.1.7 Protection measures against corrosion under stagnant
conditions 22
3.1.8 Checking the bearings 28
3.1.9 Checking the grounding brush 29
3.2 I&C Systems 34
3.2.1 Positioning Systems for Control and Limitation 34

3.2.2 Protection, limitation, monitoring 36
3.3 Pipework and fittings 40
3.3.1 Checking pipes and drainage 40
3.4 Shaft-gland sealing steam 42
3.4.1 Checking the shaft seal-steam control system 42
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Preventive Maintenance General Information
1
1 General Information
Introduction
The availability of the turbine plant and, hence, in particular, the operating
reliability, depends on trouble-free operation and response of the control,
protective and monitoring equipment and the associated plant items, such as
pumps, etc. The section "Maintenance" therefore contains the essential
testing, maintenance and servicing activities which guarantee and/or restore
the operating reliability of the turbine plant. In addition, the current status can
also be assessed simultaneously with regard to requisite measures
concerning inspections and overhauls, or for establishing the
inspection/overhaul date.
Tests can be performed to establish whether maintenance activities must be

carried out during operation or during short outages.
Measurement of efficiency or stage pressure levels, for example, can be

used to determine whether deposits have formed on the turbine blades
which must then be removed by saturated steam washing.
If a shutdown is required, appropriate measures must then be taken to

prevent standby corrosion from occurring on turbine items, coolers and,
where provided, condensers.
All lubricants and control media used in the plant must fulfill the specified
requirements for purity and inherent properties. Of particular importance is
ensuring that adequate quantities of media are available for refilling to
prevent any faults due to the operating level of the media being too low.
Test Instructions
Test instructions comprise:
the specified test intervals,

the test conditions,
information about proper performance of tests and
instructions for evaluating the test results.
Performing tests
Observe all caution warnings and accident prevention regulations!

Observe all caution notices and the local, valid accident prevention
regulations during all maintenance work on the turbine and plant items.
DANGER
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General Information Preventive Maintenance
1
Special attention is required when testing protective, limiting and control

equipment without shutting down the plant, and also during an outage.
We therefore recommend that only adequately trained personnel perform

tests when the plant is not shut down. Ensure that all latching equipment is
actuated for the period required by the test procedure. In addition, the
person conducting the test must also be aware of which operating data
indications can change during the test procedure to preclude an unwanted
disruption of operation due to an improper reaction to these changes.
In view of possible erroneous testing, protective and limiting equipment

should be tested at part load to prevent any adverse effects on the grid or
process in the event of a failure of the turbine. There is no such misgiving for
automatic test equipment. However, the output ranges in which testing is
prohibited due to process considerations must be observed. Tests must,
however, likewise be performed with utmost care when the turbine is at
standstill.
When testing control, nonautomatic extraction and isolating devices with the
turbine at standstill, it is imperative that steam vapor be prevented from
flowing into the hot turbine, as this could result in single-sided or excessively
rapid cooling of turbine items. If the corresponding steam systems are not
depressurized the movability of control and stop valves can be tested one
after the other under some circumstances.
Evaluation of tests
After the test results have been evaluated, we recommend incorporating

them into time and work schedules for future plant service work and, if
circumstances permit, reducing the specified maintenance and
inspection/overhaul intervals.
Maintenance instructions
Maintenance on the turbine during operation or during brief outages includes

the instructions cited at the beginning of this section. These instructions are
provided as an aid for preserving the economic viability and the considerable
value of the overall turbine plant.
Reference is sometimes made to equipment in these instructions which must

be provided by the owner/operator to enable proper maintenance work to be
carried out.
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Preventive Maintenance General Information
1
Repair instructions
The repair instructions include measures designed to restore the turbine and
plant items to their specified condition. The necessary preparations for
performing these repairs, such as design calculation, scheduling, provision
of personnel and spare parts, are not included in these instructions, but must
be coordinated with our Service Center where required. This applies in
particular to stocking of spare parts.
Inspections/Overhauls
Preventive servicing encompasses subjecting the turbine plant to

inspections and overhauls at defined intervals, which are, in part, determined
by the insurer of the machine.
In the course of an inspection and overhaul, the turbine plant and all
associated plant items are checked and overhauled and, where required or
meaningful, wear parts replaced.
The inspection intervals and the type and scope of the inspections to be
conducted are described in the section "Inspection and Overhaul of Steam
Turbines".
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Maintenance and inspection instructions Preventive Maintenance
2 Structure and overview
2 Maintenance and inspection instructions
2.1 Structure and overview

The turbine plant must be inspected at regular intervals. This is particularly
the case for all protective, limiting and monitoring devices.
Protective devices shut down the turbine itself or parts of its equipment as
soon as operating conditions occur which may put the turbine at risk and
which cannot be kept within the permissible limits by the limiting devices.
Limiting devices are designed and adjusted such that they act before the
corresponding protective devices and, where possible, prevent protective
devices being tripped, thereby causing an outage.
The task of the monitoring equipment is to keep the operating personnel

constantly informed of the turbine's operating condition. If measured values
then depart from their normal range, the operating personnel will be able to
take measures to return the turbine to its normal condition or to compensate
for a deviation from the optimum operating condition, before a limiting or
protective device responds.
The summary below therefore lists the test intervals for important equipment
and components, and other tests that need to be carried out.
For organizational reasons this list may also include components and
equipment which do not belong in the scope of supply for a turbine plant.
Actual practice Practical experience shows that it is best to perform the test as the turbine is
being shut down, as at this point the operating conditions correspond to
those for long-term operation. In addition, faults leading to malfunctions may
be corrected in the subsequent outage period.
Furthermore, we recommend that tests should be carried out additionally or

as a substitute each time the unit is started and shut down, in so far as this
is compatible with the startup and shutdown schedules, taking full account of
operating reliability.
Outages should be exploited to check the functioning of all important

components and equipment.
A particularly thorough check of all settings is necessary after repairs have

been carried out.
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Preventive Maintenance Maintenance and inspection instructions
Test/Inspection and maintenance intervals
2
Observe all safety instructions!

It is imperative that the general safety instructions, as well as the specific
safety instructions provided in the maintenance manuals for these
operating instructions be observed during all test/inspection and
ATTENTION maintenance work.
Documenting All inspections shall be recorded in reports.

The reports shall include:
Inspection date/test
Test/Inspection data and the associated criteria
Successful completion of test/inspection
Trip value, where this can be determined
Setting value
2.2 Test/Inspection and maintenance intervals

The summary is broken down by the code numbers used in the
accompanying documentation (schematic diagrams, equipment and function
lists).
Column 1 contains the ID numbers used
Column 2 indicates the plant section , the item of equipment or the measurement point.
Column 3 specifies the tests and inspections to be performed.
Column 4 contains information about the measuring and test parameters that are to be
maintained and information about pertinent documentation, with:
EIB = Section on Initial Commissioning

FL = List of functions 0-2020-6438-16
IB = Commissioning Data Record
OEM = Original documentation of manufacturer
WA = Maintenance Instructions
Column 5 shows the frequency with which the tests and inspections are to be carried
out, where:
h = hourly
d = daily
w = weekly
m = monthly
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2 Test/Inspection and maintenance intervals
y = annually
Multiples of these frequencies are indicated by a prefixed number, e.g.:
3m = every three months
This column also shows whether tests are necessary on start up and
shutdown or, in special cases, during scheduled inspections:
A = on startup
S = on shutdown
R = during inspections/overhauls
It is recommended that all important controls always be inspected for proper

functioning after scheduled inspections.
Column 6 indicates by whom the test/inspection and/or maintenance actions are to be

performed:
B = Operating personnel
W = Maintenance personnel
K = PG I
No. Equipment/Module/L Test/Inspection / Maintenance Measuring / Frequency by

ocation Test Parameter
/ Documentation
0400 Check of casing and internals WA
0400.1 Turbine casing Check of bolt elongation WA R K
0460 Check of shaft glands WA
0460.1 Shaft glands Check for escape of seal steam at WA d; A, S B
seal steam stack
0700 Check of bearing support WA
system(s)
0700.1 Thrust bearing Monitoring of babbitt metal WA, FL, IB h B
temperature
0700.2 Journal bearings Monitoring of babbitt metal WA, FL, IB h B
temperature
0800 Check of control valves WA
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/ Documentation
0800.1 Control valves Check for freedom of movement of WA w, A W
valve stems
0800.2 Control valves Checking of setpoint change IB, WA 3m; A, S W
0800.3 Control valves Checking for leak-tightness of WA S W
valve stems
1350 Checking of electric controllers WA
1355
1350.1 Controller, electric Check for damage OEM w W
1355.1
1900 Servo valve Replacement of breather WA 10,000 h W
1900.1 Actuator Visual inspection for leaks d W
2003 Checking of turbine trip block WA
2000.1 Turbine trip block Checking of solenoid valves 2225, WA m W
2226 during turbine operation
2300/2301 Checking the turbine stop valves WA
2300/2301.1 Turbine stop valve Checking for freedom of WA m W
movement of the valve stem using
the startup control module in the
turbine trip block
2350 Checking of nonreturn valves WA
2350.1 Non- Checking for freedom of OEM, WA m. S W
return valves movement and corrosion
2400 Checking of steam pressure safety WA
valves
2410 Steam pressure Checking for freedom of OEM, WA m W
safety valves movement and corrosion
2460 Steam pressure Checking for freedom of OEM, WA m W
safety valves movement and corrosion
2710 Checking of speed measuring WA
equipment
2710.1 Speed Check measuring equipment IB, OEM, WA 3m W
measuring
equipment
2720 Checking of pressure measuring WA
equipment
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/ Documentation
2720.1 Monitoring Check measuring equipment OEM, WA 6m B
steam pressure
2760 Checking of turbine rotor position WA
2760.1 Monitoring the Check indicator OEM, WA d, A, S
position of the rotor
2770 Checking of phase angle WA
2770.2 Phasa angle Checking of key phaser OEM, WA 6m W
monitoring
2780 Checking of vibration measuring WA
system
2780.1 Vibration monitoring Monitoring of shaft vibration OEM, WA d, A, S B
2780.2 Vibration Check measuring equipment IB, OEM 6m W
monitoring
2790 Checking of temperature WA
measuring equipment
2790 Steam temperature Checking of temperature OEM 6m B
monitoring measuring equipment
4000 Turbine oil purification WA
4000.1 Turbine oil Checking of oil quality EIB 6m W
4000.2 Oil pressure and Checking of pressure and OEM 6m W
temperature temperature measuring equipment
measuring
equipment
4265.1 Oil pump for Checking for leaks, unusual WA d B, W
ram-operated noises and damage
turning gear
4265.2 Oil pump for Checks/Maintenance in OEM W
ram-operated accordance with manufacturer's
turning gear instructions
4266 Electric motor for Checks/Maintenance in OEM W
turning accordance with manufacturer's
gear oil pump instructions
4600.1 Hydac Checking of gas filling pressure OEM, WA w, 4m, y W
oil accumulator
5000 Inspection of piping and drains WA
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/ Documentation
5000.1 Piping and valves Checking for leaks and/or damage WA d W
5000.2 Piping and valves Checking of piping anchoring, WA 6m W
expansion pipes, etc.
5000.3 Main steam line Checking for temperature drop in WA 6m W
main steam line
5000.4 Drains Checking of drains WA d B
5000.5 Drains Changing of lubricants OEM W
in the actuator drives
5000.6 Drains Lubricating of stems at the OEM 3m W
lubricating points provided
5000.7 Drains Checking and re-tightening of stem OEM 3m *) W
seals
*) or in the event of leaks
5000.8 Drains Checking of sludge traps in the R W
drain lines
6110 Condensate pumps Checks/Maintenance in OEM W
accordance with manufacturer's
instructions
7200 Checking of leak-off steam WA
controller
7200.1 Leak-off steam Checking the valve lift IB, OEM m W
controller
7200.2 Leak-off steam Check for leak-tightness of valve OEM m W
controller stems.
7200.3 Leak-off steam Check for proper air supply 1.4 bar, OEM m W
controller
7200.4 Leak-off steam Check zero point of converter OEM, m W
controller Rating plate
7650 Inspect grounding brush WA
Replacing grounding brush WA
7650.1 Grounding brush Visual inspection WA d W
7650.2 Grounding brush Perform an electrical test WA m W
LS 517 Condenser Observe alarm signal d W

Level switch
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/ Documentation
PI 001 Main induction Monitor steam pressure IB, WA h, A, S B
steam
PI 048 Upstream of nozzle Monitor steam pressure IB, WA h, A, S B
group
PI 054 Automatic extraction Monitor steam pressure IB, WA h, A, S B
steam
PI 093 Exhaust steam Monitor steam pressure IB, WA h, A, S B
PI 233 Thrust bearing, Monitoring the lube oil pressure IB, WA h B
turbine, lube oil
PI 247 Journal bearings, Monitoring the lube oil pressure IB, WA h B
PI 251 turbine, lube oil
PI 295 Control oil Monitoring the control oil pressure IB, WA h B
PT 295 Control oil Monitoring for proper cut-in of FL, IB, WA S B
auxiliary oil pump
PI 301 Trip oil Monitoring the trip oil pressure IB, WA h B
PI 309 Startup oil Monitoring the startup oil pressure IB A B
SE 761 Turbine speed Monitoring the turbine speed IB H, A, S B
SE 762
SE 763
SE 764
SE 765
TE 215 Thrust bearing, Monitoring of babbitt metal FL, IB h; A B
TE 216 turbine temperatures
TE 217
TE 218
TE 245 Journal bearing, Monitoring the babbitt metal FL, IB h; A B
TE 246 turbine, front temperature
TE 249 Journal bearing, Monitoring the babbitt metal FL, IB h; A B
TE 250 turbine, rear temperature
TI 001 Main induction Monitor the steam temperature IB h, A, S B
steam
TI 093 Exhaust steam Monitor the steam temperature IB h, A, S B
TI 617 Condenser cooling Monitor the cooling water IB h, A, S B
water inlet temperature
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/ Documentation
TI 618 Condenser cooling Monitor the cooling water IB h, A, S B
water outlet temperature
VE 761 Bearing support Checking of shaft vibration IB, WA d; A, S W
VE 762 system, front
VE 774 Bearing support Checking of shaft vibration IB, WA d; A, S W
VE 775 system, rear
YE 761 Bearing support Checking of phase angle IB, WA d; A, S W
system, front
ZS 749 Ram-operated- Monitoring for 0% lift position A; S B
turning gear
ZE 761 Bearing support Checking the position of the FL, WA d; A, S B
ZE 762 system, front turbine rotor
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Turbine plant Preventive Maintenance
3 Turbine
3 Turbine plant
3.1 Turbine
3.1.1 Checking casing expansion
Work to be performed
1. Check casing expansion at the indicator provided for this purpose.
Measured variable and test parameter
Refer to the Commissioning Data Record for the setpoints.
Remarks, Notes
The degree of heating can be approximated based on the absolute

expansion of the casing. The measurement results also provide information
about whether
the sliding capability of the turbine casing can still be guaranteed and
whether
the casing supports also slide on the bearing pedestal along with the
casing without canting.
During startup and shutdown and during load changes the casing must not
make sudden jumps to its new position when sliding.
The paw support washers at the paw support bolts (connection between
turbine casing and bearing pedestal) must always be easily movable; the
clearance between the head of the bolt and the washer should be around
0.1 mm.
3.1.2 Check of shaft glands
1. Check shaft seal steam and the gland vapor stack
No, or light, escape of seal steam at seal steam stack.
Remarks, Notes
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Preventive Maintenance Turbine plant
Turbine
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Risk of burns!
Do not touch the gland vapor stack when the turbine is hot.
DANGER
If the flow of escaping steam increases while all other conditions remain the
same, this usually indicates an increase in the seal strip clearances. Thrust
balancing can also be disrupted by an increase in the clearance in the
labyrinth seals on the balance piston, hence posing a risk to the thrust
bearing.
The seal strips should be replaced as soon as possible to prevent an

unnecessary loss of steam.
Risk of damage to thrust bearing!

An increase in the clearances in the labyrinth seals on the balance
piston will lead to a disruption of thrust balancing, hence posing a major
risk to the thrust bearing.
ATTENTION
3.1.3 Checking the turbine shaft position measuring device
1. Check the indication.
Measured and test variable
For reference values, please refer to the commissioning report.
Remarks, notes
The electrical measurement is continuous. The measured value allows

recognition of:
the thrust direction of the rotor,

displacement as a result of wear of the axial bearing and
any elasticity of the axial bearing.
The rotor position at identical operating conditions should always be the

same.
3.1.4 Measuring shaft vibration
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1. Measure shaft vibration
Remarks, Notes
The vibration meter monitors the running condition of the turbine. Changes
over time can be ascertained using recorders.
Running behavior is satisfactory when the magnitudes of the individual

vibration levels do not change substantially over an extended operating
period and under the same operating conditions and when these remain
reproducible.
In addition, deviation from the standard values and then the magnitude of
the measured value must be taken into account when evaluating the
vibration levels.
3.1.5 Checking the phase angle
1. Check the phase angle in conjunction with shaft vibration.
Remarks, Notes
With the keyphaser as the phase marking, the phase angle is defined as the
angle from the marking in the shaft to the first, positive peak value for
vibration amplitude.
To establish the phase angle precisely, you require an instrument that filters
out only the rotational-frequency components (1 x rpm) of the vibration
signal and measures and indicates the angle between the marking and the
maximum excursion on the shaft geometry.
3.1.6 Checking the coast-down time of the shaft assembly
Introduction
Determination of the coast-down time of the shaft assembly of the turboset is

described below:
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Coast-down of the shaft assembly from rated speed to the turning-gear

speed;
Coast-down of the shaft assembly from the turning-gear speed to shaft
standstill.
Test recommendation
The coast-down time of the shaft assembly of a turboset is dependent

primarily on the energy of the rotating masses, on the mechanical losses in
the bearings and in the upper speed range on the losses caused by
ventilation of the blading.
Additional friction losses between the rotating parts and the stationary parts
of the turbine result in shortening of the coast-down time. For this reason,
each time the turboset is shut down and each time the shaft assembly is
brought to a standstill from turning-gear operation, the relevant coast-down
time should be measured and compared with the corresponding values
given in the following table, which apply to the new condition.
Type of test Boundary conditions Test interval
Measure the table value of the Boundary conditions Initial commissioning

coast-down time of the shaft corresponding to the and
assembly from rated speed to the reproducibility conditions after corrective maintenance
turning-gear speed
and
each time the turboset is shut
down
Measure the coast-down time of the Boundary conditions Initial commissioning

shaft assembly from the turning-gear corresponding to the and
speed to shaft standstill reproducibility conditions after corrective maintenance
and
each time the turning gear is shut
down
Performance of measurement
Measurement of the speed characteristic with respect to time:
The speed characteristic with respect to time is normally measured by

means of the operational monitoring equipment (process computer or
recorder).
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Adequately fine resolution of the recorded values is a precondition for

precise evaluation of the recorded values. In cases where this is not
ensured, the speed must be read at time intervals and recorded by hand.
Measurement of the coast-down time from rated speed to

commencement of turning-gear operation:
Measurement of the coast-down time should be carried out under

approximately identical boundary conditions and operating parameters:
Position of the control vallves (normally closed);

Condenser pressure characteristic with respect to time;
Start criteria of the turning gear (speed-dependent supply of lifting-oil to
the bearings and speed-dependent starting of turning-gear operation).
Measurement commences at rated speed and ends at commencement of

turning-gear operation.
Measurement of the coast-down time from the turning-gear speed to

standstill of the shaft:
A precondition for precise measurement of the coast-down time is shutdown

of the shaft assembly in conformity with the instructions, i.e. the bearings
must be supplied with lifting oil during the coast-down.
Criteria for successful performance of the measurement
Measurement of the coast-down time has been completed successfully,

when the measured coast-down time agrees with the value measured on
initial commissioning.
Documentation of the test result
Measurement of the coast-down time must be documented giving the

measured result and the date on which the measurement was performed.
The coast-down characteristic curve forms an integral part of the
documentation.
Measures on deviation from the nominal condition
The following table lists possible causes and the measures which should be
taken in the event of deviation of the measured coast-down time from the
coast-down time on initial commissioning.
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Coast-down time of the shaft assembly is shorter than normal
Fault Cause Measures

boundary conditions
From rated speed to turning- Condenser pressure or condenser- Check the condenser pressure
gear speed pressure change rate on coast-down is and the condenser-pressure
higher than normal. change rate;
On renewed coast-down, match
the condenser pressure to the
reproducibility conditions.
From rated speed to turning- Temperature difference between the upper Determine the cause of the
gear speed part of the turbine housing and the lower temperature difference.
part is high => turbine housing distortion.
From rated speed to turning- Bearing temperature before shut down Determine the cause of the
gear speed extremely high => shaft displacement. high temperature.
From rated speed to turning- Bearing or shaft vibrations before shut Determine the cause of the
gear speed down were high => shaft distortion increase in vibration.
From turning-gear speed to Boundary conditions at coast-down are not Check the boundary conditions.
shaft standstill comparable, e.g. failure of the jacking oil
pump.
From turning-gear speed to The temperature difference between the Determine the cause of the
shaft standstill upper part of the turbine housing and the temperature difference.
lower part is high => turbine housing
distortion.
Coast-down time of the shaft assembly is much longer than normal

boundary conditions
From rated speed to turning- Condenser pressure or condenser- Check the condenser pressure
gear speed pressure change rate on coast-down is and the condenser-pressure
lower than normal. change rate;
On renewed coast-down, match
the condenser pressure to the
reproducibility conditions.
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boundary conditions
From rated speed to turning- Emergency stop and control valves are Check the emergency stop and
gear speed leaking. control valves for leakage.
3.1.7 Protection measures against corrosion under stagnant conditions

Standstill of steam turbines occurs over both short and long periods of time
in power plant operation.
Standstill periods can result both in direct damage by corrosion and later
consequent faults due to corroded components. For example, damage to
blading components is possible after a standstill period of only a few days
after shutting down the turbine.
The danger of corrosion fatigue or reduction of the endurance strength as a

result of pitting increases in the case of such components through the effect
of moisture in combination with salt deposits. For this reason it is essential
that provision be made for adequate internal protection against corrosion
even in the case of short standstill periods.
We recommend that existing blade deposits, which could intensify the

outbreaks of corrosion at the blades, be removed prior to bringing the
machine to a standstill, e.g. by flushing with wet steam.
Precondition for conservation: No steam vapour or condensate may enter the turbine.
The plant should be isolated from the steam and condensate networks by
monitored check lines or blanking plates.
Check line for insertion in the steam line
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1 Vapour discharge: to be provided at the highest point of the check line

2 Check line
3 Drain: to be provided at the lowest point of the check line
4 Loop seal
We recommend that the emergency stop valve should not be inserted as the
second isolating device in the main steam line, in order to save a valve,
since otherwise it would be subjected to corrosion.
Protection measures In the case of steam turbine, there is a possibility that accumulation of water
by condensation will occur in spite of lines being closed by means of valves
or blanking plates. This is caused as a result of the daily fluctuations in
temperature in the powerhouse.
As can be seen from Fig. 2, the temperature of the machine components

fluctuates and consequently the volume of the enclosed air. Exchange of air
with the atmosphere occurs at the sealing cups and other openings, in other
words the turbine "breathes".
In the illustrative Figure it can be seen clearly that the temperature of the
casing and to an even greater extent that of the rotor are often lower than
that of the room air which has leaked in. The room air passes its heat energy
to the turbine components, so that, in conjunction with corresponding values
of relative air humidity, the temperature often falls below the dew point.
Temperature fluctuations in the powerhouse and in a steam turbine over a three-day

period
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ϑR Room temperature
ϑW Casing wall temperature
ϑL Temperature of the enclosed air
Adequate conservation of an unopened steam turbine is possible on the

basis of present day knowledge only by reduction of the relative air humidity
inside the turbine casing. The speed of corrosion falls rapidly below 60 %
relative humidity and approaches zero from 35 % relative humidity (refer to
Fig. 3). Rust formation could not be detected even on brightly polished steel
surfaces at a relative humidity of less than 35 % even over longer periods of
time. The aim must therefore be to ensure a relative air humidity of less than
50 % in the turbine casing during the standstill periods. Two methods are
available for this purpose.
Speed of corrosion of steel as a function of the relative air humidity according to

Vernon
Relative air humidity: in %

KG Speed of corrosion
Hot-air conservation Heated ambient air is blown into the turbine and as a result the relative air
humidity is lowered and at the same time the inner parts of the casing are
dried. This air takes up the moisture from inside the turbine and heats the
cold casing components to a temperature higher than that of the ambient air.
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The hot air should, where possible, be introduced at the lowest point of the
turbine and should be exhausted via the vapour ducts of the shaft seals and
via the opened drains.
In order to ensure that all parts of the turbine are at a higher level than the
ambient air temperature and that the temperature at no point within the
turbine casing falls below the dew point, the quantity and temperature
difference of the air introduced must be controlled so that the temperature of
the air exhausted is between 8 and 10 °C above the temperature of the
powerhouse even at the remotest point of the casing.
Dry-air conservation A better and more economic solution for conservation of the turbine casing is
achieved by introduction of air, which has been previously dried. This
method has the advantage that the plant can be conserved for any length of
time and can, moreover, be made ready for renewed operation within a very
short time.
Schematic diagram of a hot-air or dry-air conservation scheme
1 Check line or blanking plate

2 Air outlets
3 Hot-air or dry-air connection
4 Turbine control valves
5 Turbine emergency stop valve
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The dry-air blower dehumidifies the air, which has been drawn in from the
atmosphere by means of a ventilator and filtered, in a rotating drying wheel
and supplies it to the turbine. That part of the drying wheel, which has taken
up the humidity is dried by a heated air flow through the regeneration
section, which is separate from the absorption section of the drying wheel.
Principle of operation of the air-drying unit
1 Heater
2 Ventilator
3 Filter
4 Dry air
5 Drying wheel
6 Regeneration air
The humidity of the air leaving the air drier is very low. By this means it is
ensured that the air blown into the turbine, even after taking up the moisture
and being cooled down by colder turbine components, still remains below
the critical corrosion threshold of approx. 50 % relative air humidity.
Any residual water is removed within a very short time and corrosion is
prevented with a high degree of safety. The connection conditions are
identical to those specified for hot-air conservation.
The area of the metallic surface to be conserved is the key parameter for
water removal and ventilation performance of the air dryer. Since this
parameter is difficult to calculate and the amount of residual water existing
on commencement of conservation can hardly be estimated, the air volume
of the plant to be conserved is generally taken as the basis in actual
practice. Thus an air change of once to twice an hour is provided for a
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volume which includes that of the condenser and of any other aggregates
plus a generously dimensioned factor of safety.
Nitrogen conservation In addition to hot-air and dry-air conservation, filling up of the turbine casing
with an insert gas, in this case nitrogen, has been proven in practice. Before
blowing in the nitrogen, the turbine has to be dried. The turbine must be
subsequently carefully made gas-tight. All steam and drainage connections
must be closed, the shaft bushings in the region of the sealing cups and the
valve spindle bushings should be sealing using "Densobinde".
The turbine should be filled with nitrogen so as to obtain a slight continuous

overpressure of approx. 0.5 to 1 mbar in the housing. The nitrogen can be
introduced through the exhaust casing or via a drain line. Since the nitrogen
consumption is dependent on the quality of all the seals, it can be
determined solely by means of experimentation.
Danger of suffocation
Human life is endangered by an excessively high nitrogen concentration.
For this reason, before restarting, it must be ensured that the oxygen
content in those plant sections, which are filled with nitrogen, is restored
DANGER to a normal value.
Conservation of the bearings No special measures must be taken for conservation of the control fluid and
and of the oil system lubricating oil system including the bearings, since the anti-corrosion additive
in the types of oil employed usually provides adequate protection against
corrosion. Care must only be taken to ensure that the parts exposed to oil
are constantly wetted. The oil circuit should therefore be put into service for
some hours every 2 to 4 weeks. In order to fully wet the spindle ends, the
turbine rotor and the jacking oil pump must be kept in operation. The oil
should be analysed with respect to its water content at regular intervals.
Bearing shells or bearing stubs of turbines, which are shutdown for long
periods of time in the assembled condition or whose rotors lie in the
bearings, should not be treated using conservation pastes or sprays.
NOTE Continuous low-level vibrations, which are transmitted to the turbine
through the foundation or via connection lines, cause destruction of the
thin oil protection film within a very short time under the high stress of
the inserted rotors and result in considerable damage due to friction
fretting. With oil conservation, the existing oil film prevents direct metallic
contact by continuous evaporation and constant reforming.
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Protective coatings The internal parts of the turbine can be adequately protected against
corrosion by means of a protective coating only after opening the casing.
Generally available anti-corrosion protection agents are employed. Formerly
used compounds of linseed oil and turpentine should not be used on
account of the inadequate protection they afford.
If such corrosion protection is to be maintained over a long period of time, it

is recommended that the casing be opened and be re-assembled only
shortly before putting the machine back into service. Only in this manner it
possible to carry out checks at regular intervals in order to ensure that the
protection against corrosion is adequate.
In the case of turbines which are to be shutdown over longer time periods,
we recommend additional use of the following protection measures:
All the control elements (actuator cylinder, speed controller, etc.) should
be dismantled and carefully conserved. Please refer in this connection to
Section .
The bearings including all accessible parts (bearing housing, control
valve linkage, rotor up to the casing, etc.) should be carefully conserved.
It should be ensured in so doing that the conservation agent employed
forms a thin continuous film, since otherwise crevice corrosion can occur.
It should further be taken into account that the conservation agent must have
dried before the rotor is set down in the bearings.
If turbines are to be shutdown for indefinite periods of time, the components

should, after conservation, be additionally sealed so as to be air-tight in PVC
foil.
3.1.8 Checking the bearings
1. Check the white-metal temperature at the turbine axial bearing and the
turbine radial bearing.
For the commissioning and limit values, please refer to the Commissioning
report and the Function list 0-2020-TNo.-16.
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Remarks, notes
The white-metal temperature at the bearing is to be monitored continuously.

We recommend that a temperature recorder be employed for this purpose. If
the temperature increases, the bearing should be monitored intensely.
On exceeding the limit values, at which operation is permissible for short

periods, the turbine should be shut down immediately and the cause
determined.
Bearing damage on exceeding limits

Damage to the bearings can occur even where the limit values are
exceeded for short periods of time only (refer to the Sections "Monitoring
of the axial bearing" and "Monitoring of the radial bearing" in the
ATTENTION operating instructions).
3.1.9 Checking the grounding brush
Visual inspection
Look through the sight glass to check the brush for wear. The indicator
points to "NEW" when the grounding brush is delivered (newly installed). The
marking "RPL" (replace) indicates that the brush must be replaced with a
new one. In designs with limit switches, the monitoring and replacement
times can be monitored by the instrumentation and control system.
If possible, the brush should be replaced before "RPL" is indicated. Although

the operating condition of the brush is still good up to that point, the contact
pressure begins to diminish. Brush sparking may then occur, causing
damage to the shaft.
If it is not possible to replace the brush at this time, check the condition of
the brush every day, as any absence of grounding can quickly result in
damage to the bearings and gearbox.
Electrical check
At the required or rated speed, lower the brush. Using an oscilloscope,

measure the voltage present at the ground switch via the non-inductive 1-Ω
resistance (input terminal to ground) as shown in Figure 1. Keep the lines
between the measuring point and the measuring instrument as short as
possible to prevent interference from outside sources to the greatest
possible extent. Ground the oscilloscope to the bearing housing of the
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measuring point. The oscilloscope must cover the direct and alternating
current ranges to record both components.
Voltage is normally displayed as a sequence of almost vertical peaks on the
screen with a high level of noise. It is often the case that the rotational
frequency, or multiples thereof, are established. Establish the current
between the brush and ground as shown in Figure 1, while measuring the
voltage drop that occurs at this resistor with the oscilloscope. The current
can then be calculated from this voltage using the following equation:
I = Δ U R (V : Ω [A])
Hazard for explosion-proof systems!

Due to its operating voltage, the oscilloscope may represent a hazard for
explosion-proof systems. If it is not possible to use an explosion-proof
oscilloscope an explosimeter ("gas sniffer") must be employed during
ATTENTION measurement to ensure that no gas is present.
An analog or digital voltmeter can also be used as an alternative
measuring instrument. Measurement using a voltmeter can also be
performed without any difficulties in explosion-proof systems. Standard
voltmeters do, however, indicate adulterated RMS values.
Figure 1: Layout for measurement of the sparking current (by P. Nippes)
1 Oscilloscope 3 Ground switch

2 Non-inductive resistor 1 Ω
(5 % , 10 W)
The ground switch can be closed when the calculated current and the
measured voltage remain within the limits specified in the following and
when no irregularities are discernible. If the current rises above 0.5 A
(measured peak to peak), you should perform troubleshooting to establish
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the cause. Include the entire assembly in your troubleshooting activities. If

the measured values are substantially greater than 1 A the turbine plant
must be shut down immediately and the cause established.
Rapid wear when the brush is installed correctly is a sign of a high

current load and/or an inadequate supply of cooling oil. If the situation is
unclear remove the brush and check for proper installation.
If the brush is in operation, screw the lifting screw back and secure it with
two (2) lock nuts.
Checking the brush
It can be assumed that the brush is in good condition if the measured values
for voltage and current remain approximately the same over a period of
weeks. The brush and the measuring equipment must be checked, however,
when measured values of zero are obtained.
Ohmmeter measurements
An ohmmeter is only a marginally suitable instrument for checking the brush

contact resistance. It can, however, be used to gain an impression of the
efficacy of the brush. Proceed as follows: (see also Figure 2):
1. Fit a second brush as an "auxiliary brush".
Not for use on the generator!
ATTENTION
1. Open the brush ground switch.

2. Connect the ohmmeter between the terminals of the two brushes. With
the machine at standstill the measuring instrument should indicate values
between 0.1 and approx. 100 Ohm, depending on the length of the cable.
Cable cross-sections and contact resistance of the brushes. With the
machine in operation, greatly fluctuating values are obtained, usually
below 100 Ohm. If the average values lie within the given range, the
brushes are working properly. If the measured values lie outside of the
given range, switch the connecting leads. If the measured value is higher
and then lower, there may be a semiconductor effect present at the
contact point caused by an oxide layer.
The lower measured value should be taken when evaluating the condition
of the brush.
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Figure 2: Circuit diagram for checking the brush contact resistance
1 Coupling 4 Ohmmeter
2 Grounding Brush 5 To ground
3 Ground switch 6 Shaft
1. Lift the brush briefly to ensure that there is no short-circuiting to ground;

the resistance value should be infinite. Lower the brush again and
observe the measured value.
Ensure that the measured value is around zero if the brush arm touches
the brush enclosure when lifting the machine brush to its outermost
position. Therefore, for this check, only lift the brush slightly off of the
NOTE shaft.
1. Remove the auxiliary brush at the end of the measurement.
Voltage check
Ground current circuit
A 1-Ohm resistor (5%, 10 W, low-inductance) is installed in the ground

current circuit in parallel with the ground contacts for the key-operated
switch. Install this item if it is not present!
When the key-operated switch is opened the derived current will then flow
over the 1-Ohm resistor that is then active (see Figure 2).
Using a voltmeter (analog or digital), you can measure the drop in voltage at
the non-inductive, 1-Ohm resistor. Conduct measurements at measurement
settings AC and DC. If the measured value rises above 1 V (= 1 A) in AC or
DC, establish the cause.
As shown by the functioning of common analog and digital voltmeters, only
accurate RMS (average) values are yielded at the AC setting for 50 Hz sinus
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and only correct DC values at the DC setting for harmonic-free direct

voltage. Therefore, only use the voltmeter to perform general
measurements.
If at all possible, voltage measurements at the 1-Ohm resistor should be
performed using an oscilloscope with adequate bandwidth and sensitivity
(min 50 mV/ Div. 10 MHz).
Ground the oscilloscope to the bearing pedestal in the vicinity of the
grounding brush. Conduct measurements at both the AC and DC settings.
Record the results, or save a screenshot. The character and the peak values
can be read off of the screen.
Peak-to-peak values of up to 10 V may be yielded. If greater values are
indicated establish the cause.
The relationship between the oscilloscope measurement and those
performed using the voltmeter is determined on the one hand by the
bandwidth of the voltmeter and, on the other, by its measuring principle
used. The difference between the ptp value and the RMS value VM may be
up to 1:100.
Shaft voltage
The shaft voltage that is generated on the rotor due to various reasons can
be measured using the existing grounding brush and an auxiliary brush as
shown in Figure 3. The shaft voltage is measured with the ground switch
opened using an analog or digital voltmeter at the AC and DC settings.
Correct data concerning the voltage behavior is only obtained using an
oscilloscope however. Ground the oscilloscope to the bearing pedestal in
which the duty grounding brush is installed. The oscilloscope must be
potential free, i.e. there may be no connection between the measurement
inputs and the protective ground. It is imperative that this is ensured! If you
can not be sure of this, use a battery-powered oscilloscope.
Observe all safety instructions!
ATTENTION
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Figure 3: Circuit diagram for measurement of elect. voltage
1 Coupling 4 AC / DC meter
2 Grounding Brush 5 To ground
3 Ground switch 6 Shaft
Monitoring
The condition and wear of the brush should be checked initially every hour
during commissioning; later, during satisfactory operation, weekly checks
should be performed and the results documented.
3.2 I&C Systems
3.2.1 Positioning Systems for Control and Limitation

3.2.1.1 Testing the control valves
Check for easy movement.
Check the alteration of the reference value
Check of leakage (tightness)
Tightening or installation of a new packing in the valve spindle cover.
Alteration of the reference value? Commissioning values, power, speed and

stroke reversal range.
Check of leakage (tightness) ? commisioning values, coast-down time
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Remarks, notes
Danger of burning and / or crushing; danger to life or limb

Do not work at the valve drive and/or at the lever linkage and/or at the
valve spindles when the turbine is running and/or hot.
DANGER
Danger due to overspeed

The control valve spindles can be jammed tight to such an extent
through use of Furmanite that reliable shedding of the turbine load is no
longer assured.
DANGER
Spraying of Furmanite on the control valve spindles is not permissible! It
is not possible to employ this method of packing in such a manner that
correct functioning of the control valves can be assured.
Where a valve has been operated at a constant unchanged opening position

for a long time, the valve opening position should be changed by alteration
of the setpoint at the speed controller. At the same time any slight deposits
on the valve spindles will be scraped off.
Check by alteration of the setpoint, whether the control valves continuously

follow the change in the positioning command. This is done by observation
of the power, of the steam flow and of the relevant internal state variables
such as the valve strokes and the steam pressures which are influenced by
the control valves (e.g. wheel chamber pressure).
In spite of the applied steam pressure, the speed of the turbine rotor must
fall to zero after elapse of the coast-down time when the control valves are
closed.
Starting from load operation, it must be possible to reduce the generated

output to zero and below (reverse power), as soon as the control valves are
closed completely. After isolation from the power system and with the control
valves closed, the speed must fall. If the coast-down time is extended under
comparable operating conditions, this can be caused by non-tight control
valves.
In order to avoid hazard and unnecessary loss of steam, the valve spindle
packing should be either tightened or replaced as soon as possible. This
work can be carried out only in the depressurised state.
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3.2.1.2 Checking of electric speed controller
1. Perform a visual inspection
Refer to the manufacturer's operating instructions for pertinent data.
Remarks, Notes
Risk of deadly electrical shock!

Work at locations with electrical systems may only be performed after
the power has been switched off.
DANGER
The controller is an electronic unit and therefore requires only a visual

inspection.
If mechanical and/or corrosive damage is established on electronic

controllers, protracted troubleshooting in the event of a possible fault is to be
prevented. Perform measurements on the items concerned (e.g. jacks, plug-
in connectors, modules) and replace any components as required.
Refer to the manufacturer's operating instructions for further checks which

may be required.
3.2.2 Protection, limitation, monitoring

3.2.2.1 Checking the emergency stop block
Work to do
1. Check the solenoid valves 2225, 2226, 2227 during operation
2. Check the emergency stop valves 2300, 2301 - partial stroke test - during
operation
Measured and test quantity

Commissioning values
Setpoints in accordance with the commissioning report
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Mortal danger
Do not dismantle the emergency stop valve while the turbine is running
and/or hot.
DANGER The surrounding cover of the control block and the stroke indicator must
also not be removed until the turbine is at standstill and has cooled
down.
Risk of crushing and/or burns!
3.2.2.2 Checking the turbine trip block
1. Check solenoid valves 2225, 2226, 2227 during operation
2. Check turbine stop valve SSV 2300, 2301 during operation (part-lift test)

Checking the solenoid valves: see section Technical Description /
Protection / Monitoring / Turbine trip block
Checking turbine stop valve 2300, 2301: see section Technical
Description, Control system, Control system overview
3.2.2.3 Checking the turbine stop valve
1. Tests/Inspections during startup and shutdown phases
2. Tests/Inspections during operation (part-lift test)
3. Tests/Inspections during operation (full-lift test)
Risk of burns, crushing and fatal injury!

Do not disassemble the turbine stop valve while the turbine is in
operation and/or hot.
DANGER The cover for the control block and lift indicator may likewise only be
removed when the turbine is at standstill and has cooled.

At standstill or during startup and shutdown phase
Refer to Commissioning Data Record (PuT, PuK) for setpoints
During operation
Setpoints as specified in Commissioning Data Record and Control
system diagram
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Remarks, Notes
You can open and close the turbine stop valves during startup and
shutdown and at standstill when the oil supply system is activated using
the startup control module in the turbine trip block and hence test these
valves for freedom of movement (monitor the indication).
During turbine operation, fault-free operation of the turbine stop valve can
be tested using the test device (part-lift test). This is done by actuating
the solenoid valves 1846, 1817.
Full-lift test
Full-lift testing can only be performed during turbine operation when
there are two turbine stop valves fitted and when a test gate valve is
fitted (not standard).
NOTE
3.2.2.4 Checking the nonreturn valves in the steam system
1. Check for freedom of movement of the nonreturn valves in the steam
system.
Risk of fatal injury by burns or crushing!

Do not disassemble the nonreturn valve while the turbine is in operation
and/or hot.
The cover may likewise only be removed when the turbine is at standstill
DANGER and has cooled.
Procedure and criteria for testing

Nonreturn valve with assisted closure
The freedom of movement of the nonreturn valve with assisted closure

meets the specified requirements when the actuator on the nonreturn valve
reaches the 0% position when the turbine comes to a standstill after
shutdown (trip initiated).
Free-swinging nonreturn valve
Free-swinging nonreturn valves can not be tested specifically, as there are

no moving parts on the outside.
Remarks, Notes
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Steam and/or condensate may flow back into the turbine if the steam
pressure in the automatic or nonautomatic extraction lines is greater than the
steam pressure at the automatic or nonautomatic extraction point in the
turbine.
This returning steam, with a more or less high water content, can cause
negative thermal effects such as
Ö overly rapid cooling of items,
Ö temperature differences in the casing
or may influence the intercept reliability of the turbine during load changes.
Therefore, the freedom of movement of the valves in the automatic or

nonautomatic extraction lines must be tested against the specified test
valves.
3.2.2.5 Checking of speed measuring equipment
1. Check measuring accuracy
See Commissioning Data Record, design data and/or the list of functions for
the setpoint.
Remarks, Notes
Check the speed measuring equipment using an appropriate manual speed

measuring unit, stroboscope, etc.
3.2.2.6 Checking the pressure measuring device
1. Check the accuracy.
For nominal values, please refer to the commissioning report or to the

technical data.
Remarks, notes
The manometers for measurement of pressure at the turbine should be

checked at suitable intervals. For this purpose, calibration and precision
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3 Pipework and fittings
measuring manometers should be employed, which are fitted with suitable

test connections.
3.2.2.7 Checking the keyphaser
1. Check the keyphaser
Remarks, Notes
To ensure the measuring accuracy of the measuring equipment, such

equipment must be checked semi-annually using portable test transducers.
3.2.2.8 Checking the vibration measuring equipment
1. Checking the vibration measuring equipment
Remarks, Notes
To ensure the measuring accuracy of the measuring equipment, such

equipment must be checked semi-annually using portable test transducers.
3.3 Pipework and fittings
3.3.1 Checking pipes and drainage
Work to do
1. Check drainage
2. Check the temperature drop in the main steam line
3. Check pipes, anchoring elements and expansion compensators etc.
Remarks and notes
Mortal danger
Do not work on hot and/or pressurized steam pipes.
Risk of burns
DANGER In the area of the steam pipes, there is a risk of burns on the hand
wheels of the valves.
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Pipework and fittings
3
Over-expansion of screws
On flanges of high-pressure lines, screws must not be retightened during
operation.
ATTENTION
Checks during tours of inspection

1. Check drains for proper functioning and leaks
Feel them with your hand and/or carry out a temperature
measurement if necessary
Steam lines through which there is not a constant flow, but which might
possibly suddenly contain hot steam, should not only be reliably drained on
a permanent basis but, as far as possible, should be protected against
thermal shocks by means of suitable operation and measures taken (sealing
steam systems, safety line and bypass stations).
The proper operation of permanent drains (condensate drains) must be

checked by temperature measurement or by feeling them. Their mostly small
cross-sections may clog easily as the result of scale, welding beads and
similar.
This is why diaphragms with an inner diameter of less than 3 mm are not
suitable. Diaphragm in horizontal lines should be preceded by sludge traps.
1. Check shut-off elements
All shut-off elements must seal tightly. Remedy any leaks discovered.
1. Check pipes, anchoring elements and expansion compensators etc.
Check the perfect condition of all pipes, anchoring elements, pipe guiding
elements and expansion compensators in accordance with a defined plan to
ensure that no inadmissible expansion, additional stresses or vibrations will
occur during operation.
Checks as specified by third-party manufacturers

1. Replace lubricant fillings in drives of valves
2. Lubricate spindles of valves at the intended lubrication points
3. Check and, if necessary, retighten spindle seals of valves
Checks during inspections
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3 Shaft-gland sealing steam
1. Check sludge pockets of drain lines
Checking the temperature drop in the main steam line

1. Verify the value with precise measuring instruments.
3.4 Shaft-gland sealing steam
3.4.1 Checking the shaft seal-steam control system
1. Check valve travel
2. Check for leak-tightness of valve stems
3. Check for proper air supply
4. Zero point check of the converter

Valve travel: Valve lift in accordance with the setpoint indicator "Manual"
on the control device
Leak-tightness: Monitor the valve stems
Air supply: 1.4 bar
Zero point of converter: See nameplate for specified values
Remarks, Notes
Risk of burns!
Risk of burns on the valve handwheels in the vicinity of the steam lines.
DANGER
1. The actual valve lift must correspond to the "Manual" setpoint indicator on
the control device; correct where required in accordance with the
operating instructions provided by the manufacturer.
2. Check for leak-tightness of valve stems. Slight tightening of the shaft
gland during operation eliminates any leaks which may be present.
3. Normally, the pneumatic control system devices are maintenance-free.
Proper function of these devices can, however, only be guaranteed when
supply of clean air to the system is maintained. The air filters and
reducing station must therefore be checked at regular intervals. In the
event of a drop in output, clean or replace the appropriate filter.
If the control module does not provide proper control, or if there is no
output signal, unscrew the preliminary throttle of the comparator and
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Shaft-gland sealing steam
3
clean it. Where required, remove and replace the strainer.

The connections on the cover plate are equipped with strainers with
plastic mountings that can be unscrewed, removed and cleaned.
Check the filter and reducing station for accumulation of oil and water by
briefly blowing down these points.
4. Check the zero point against the corresponding operating instructions
from the manufacturer.
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© Siemens AG 2007
© Siemens AG PG I 2007 Data subject to change.

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Training on Industrial Steam Turbines

This document fits for training puposes

© Siemens Power Generation 2007. Technical data subject to change.

2 Maintenance and inspection instructions 8

2.1 Structure and overview 8

2.2 Test/Inspection and maintenance intervals 9

3.1.1 Checking casing expansion 16

3.2 I&C Systems 34

3.2.1 Positioning Systems for Control and Limitation 34

3.3 Pipework and fittings 40

3.3.1 Checking pipes and drainage 40

3.4 Shaft-gland sealing steam 42

3.4.1 Checking the shaft seal-steam control system 42

Tests can be performed to establish whether maintenance activities must be

Measurement of efficiency or stage pressure levels, for example, can be

If a shutdown is required, appropriate measures must then be taken to

Test instructions comprise:

 the specified test intervals,

Observe all caution warnings and accident prevention regulations!

Special attention is required when testing protective, limiting and control

We therefore recommend that only adequately trained personnel perform

In view of possible erroneous testing, protective and limiting equipment

After the test results have been evaluated, we recommend incorporating

Maintenance on the turbine during operation or during brief outages includes

Reference is sometimes made to equipment in these instructions which must

Preventive servicing encompasses subjecting the turbine plant to

2 Maintenance and inspection instructions

2.1 Structure and overview

The task of the monitoring equipment is to keep the operating personnel

Furthermore, we recommend that tests should be carried out additionally or

Outages should be exploited to check the functioning of all important

A particularly thorough check of all settings is necessary after repairs have

Observe all safety instructions!

Documenting All inspections shall be recorded in reports.

2.2 Test/Inspection and maintenance intervals

Column 1 contains the ID numbers used

Column 3 specifies the tests and inspections to be performed.

 EIB = Section on Initial Commissioning

Multiples of these frequencies are indicated by a prefixed number, e.g.:

 3m = every three months

It is recommended that all important controls always be inspected for proper

Column 6 indicates by whom the test/inspection and/or maintenance actions are to be

No. Equipment/Module/L Test/Inspection / Maintenance Measuring / Frequency by

No. Equipment/Module/L Test/Inspection / Maintenance Measuring / Frequency by

No. Equipment/Module/L Test/Inspection / Maintenance Measuring / Frequency by

No. Equipment/Module/L Test/Inspection / Maintenance Measuring / Frequency by

LS 517 Condenser Observe alarm signal d W

No. Equipment/Module/L Test/Inspection / Maintenance Measuring / Frequency by

No. Equipment/Module/L Test/Inspection / Maintenance Measuring / Frequency by

3.1.1 Checking casing expansion

Measured variable and test parameter

Refer to the Commissioning Data Record for the setpoints.

The degree of heating can be approximated based on the absolute

3.1.2 Check of shaft glands

Measured variable and test parameter

No, or light, escape of seal steam at seal steam stack.

The seal strips should be replaced as soon as possible to prevent an

Risk of damage to thrust bearing!

3.1.3 Checking the turbine shaft position measuring device

Measured and test variable

For reference values, please refer to the commissioning report.

The electrical measurement is continuous. The measured value allows

the specified test intervals,

EIB = Section on Initial Commissioning

3m = every three months

the thrust direction of the rotor,

Coast-down of the shaft assembly from rated speed to the turning-gear

Measurement of the coast-down time from rated speed to

Position of the control vallves (normally closed);

Measurement of the coast-down time from the turning-gear speed to

Rapid wear when the brush is installed correctly is a sign of a high