Protection Relays Setting Calculation

PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION
SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
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DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION - 7UT63
GENERAL TRANSFORMER INFORMATION
The Rared Apparent Power = 200 MVA

Tap Range = 15 %
The Transformer Vector Group = YNyn0d1
TR Ratio = 400 / 63 = 6.34921
CT Ratio - HV = 2000 / 1 = 2000
CT Ratio - LV = 2500 / 1 = 2500
CT Ratio - NEUT. HV = 800 / 1 = 800
CT Ratio - NEUT. LV = 2500 / 1 = 2500
Current - HV = 288.675 A
Current - LV = 1832.86 A
TR PU Impendanc = 16.01 %
VT Ratio = 400 / 0.11 = 3636.36 KV
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GENERAL
Differential protection is only effective and available if this function was set during configuration of the
functional scope DIFF . PROT.= Enabled (address 112). If the function is not required Disabled is to be set.
112 : Differential Option = Enable
Additionally, the type of protected object must be decided during configuration (address 105 PROT .
OBJECT). Only those parameters are offered which are reasonable for the selected type of protected object; all
remainig are suppressed.
105 : Protection Object = 3 Phase Transformer
The differential protection can be switched ON / OFF in address 1201 or DIFF. PROT. The option Block relay
allows to operate the protection but the trip output relay is blocked.
1201 : Differential Protection = ON
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TRIP CHARACTERISTIC DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT
The parameters of the tripping characteristic are set in addresses 1221 to 1265. Figure 1 illustrates the meaning of
the different settings . The numbers at the different branches of the characteristic signify the addresses of the
setting.
I-DIFF > (address 1221) is the pickup value of the differential current. This is the total fault current in to the
protected object, regardless of the way this is distributed between the sides. The pickup value is referred to the
rated current of the protected object. You may select a high sensitivity (small pickup value) for transformers
(presetting 0.2. IN Obj). With reactors, generators and motors the sensitivity can be set even higher, provided that
the current transformer sets are of similar design. A higher value (above rated current) should be selected for lines
and busbars. Higher measuring tolerances must be expected if the rated currents of the current transformers differ
extensively from the rated current of the protected object, or if there are multiple measuring locations.
The presetting of 0.2 * IN referred to the rated current of the transformer can be taken as a pickup value for the
differential current as a rule.
1221 : Pickup Value Of Differential Curr = 0.2 I / INOBJ
The current values I/INO in the settings overview always refer to the rated current of the main protected object
Figure 1 : Tripping characteristic of the differential protection
The tripping characteristic comprises two further branches. The base point of the first branch is determined by
address 1242 BASE POINT 1 and its slope by address 1241 SLOPE 1 . This parameter can only be set with
DIGSI under Additional Settings. This branch covers current - proportional errors. These are mainly errors of the
main current transformers and, in case of power transformers with tap changers, differential currents which
occure due to the transformer regulating range.
The slope 1 together with base point 1 take in to account current - proportional error currents which may be
caused by transformation errors of the CTs . The slope (gradient) of this section of the characteristic is set to
25%. And the default value of zero is recommended for base point 1 . So :
1242A : Base Point For Slop 1 Of Charac = 0 I / In
And the slope is calculated as follows :
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HV - NORMAL TAP
TR HV Side Full Load Primary Current :
IHVP,NORMAL TAP = 288.68 A
TR HV Side Full Load Secondery Current :
IHVS,NORMAL TAP = 0.1443 A
HV Side Correction Factor :
KHV = 6.9282
Corrected Current On The Relay Side :
IHVSC,NORMAL TAP=IHVS,NORMAL TAP*KHV =1 A
HV - MINIMUM TAP
TR HV Side Full Load Primary Current :
IHVP,MINIMUM TAP = 339.62 A
TR HV Side Full Load Secondary Current :
IHVS,MINIMUM TAP = 0.1698 A
HV Side Correction Factor :
KHV = 6.9282
IHVSC,MINIMUM TAP=IHVS,MINIMUM TAP*KHV = 1.1765 A
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LV - NORMAL TAP
TR LV Side Full Load Primary Current :
ILVP,NORMAL TAP = 1832.9 A
TR LV Side Full Load Secondary Current :
ILVS,NORMAL TAP = 0.7331 A
LV Side Correction Factor :
KLV = 1.364
ILVSC,NORMAL TAP=ILVS,NORMAL TAP*KLV =1 A
Differential Current At Minimum Tap In Terms Of Relay Rated Current :
Idiff=(IHVSC,MINIMUM TAP-ILVSC,NORMAL TAP)*100 = 17.6471 %
Assuming Mismatch Percentage Of 5 % In Main CTs And Further 2 % Mismatch In Aux CTs.
Maximum Permissible % Differential Current :
Idiff,set = 17.647 + 7 = 24.647 %
1241A : Slope 1 Of Tripping Characteristic = 0.25
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The second branch produces a higher restraint in the range of high currents which may lead to current
transformer saturation. Its base point is set at address 1244 base point 2 and is referred to the rated object current
. The slope is set at address 1243 SLOPE 2 . The restraint during current transformer saturation can be
influenced by this parameter branch . A gradient results in a higher restraint . This parameter can only be set with
DIGSI at Additional Settings. The slope of this section of the characteristic is set to 50% . And the value of 2.5
* In is recommended for BASE POINT 2. So :
1244A : Base Point For Slope 2 Of Charac. = 2.5 I/In
1243A : Slope 2 Of Tripping Characteristic = 0.5
ADD ON RESTRAINT
In systems with very high traversing currents a dynamic add-on restraint is enabled for external faults. The initial
value is set at address 1261 I-ADD ON STAB. The value is referred to the rated current of the protected object.
The slope is the same as for characteristic branch b (SLOPE 1, address 1241). This parameter can only be set
with DIGSI at Additional Settings. Please note that the fact that the resteraint current is the arithmetical sum of
the currents flowing in to the protected object, i.e. it is twice the traversing current. The additional stabilisation
does not influence the stage I-DIFF>>. The initial value at address 1261 is set as :
I-add on = 50 % of 1/(uk%) = 3.1 I/INO
1261A : Pickup For Add-on Stablization = 3.1 I/INO
The maximum duration of the add-on restraint after detection of an external fault is set to multiples af an AC-
cycle (address 1262 T ADD ON-STABLE.) This parameter can only be set with DIGSI at additional setting.
The recommended setting value is 15 periods (perest).
1262 A : Duration Of Add-on Stablization = 15 cycle
The add-on restraint is disabled automatically even before the set time period expires as soon as the device has
detected that the operation point Idiff/Istab stationary (i.e. via at least one cycle) within the tripping zone near the
fault characteristic( ≥80% of the fault characteristic slope).
Add-on restraint operates individually per phase, but blocking can be extended to all three phases (so-called cross
block function). By means of address 1263 CROSSB. ADD ON it can be determined how long the cross-block
should be effective. This parameter can only be set with DIGSI at Additional Settings . Here , too , setting is in
multiple of an AC-cycle. The recommended setting value for the crossblock function is 15 periods (preset).
1263A : Time For Cross-Blocking Add-on Stabliz = 15 cycle
If 0 Per. Cycle is set crossblock is ineffective,i.e. only the phase with detected external fault will be blocked.
Otherwise all phases will be blocked. In this case the same setting as for 1262 A ADD ON - STABLE is
advisable. When set to ∞, the cross block function is always effective.
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FAST UNRESTRAINT TRIP WITH HIGH-CURRENT FAULTS
High-current faults in the protected zone may be cleared instantaneously without regard to the restraint currents
when the current amplitude excludes an external fault. If the protected object has a high direct impedance
(transformers,generators,series, reactors), a threshold can be found which can never be exceeded by a through-
fault current . This threshold (primery) is, for example, for a power transformer.
1
* I Ntranf
Usc transf
The differential protection of the 7UT6x provides such an unstabilised high-current trip stage. This stage can
operate even when, for example a considerable second harmonic is present in the differential current caused by
current transformer saturation by a DC component in the fault current, which could be interpreted by the inrush
restraint function as an inrush current. Fast tripping uses both the fundamental component to the differential
current as well as instantaneous values. Instantaneous value processing ensures fast tripping even if the current
fundamental component was strongly attenuated by current transformer saturation. Due to the possible DC offset
after fault inception , the instantaneous value stage operates only above twice the set threshold. so:
I-DIFF>> = 120 % of 1/(uk%) = 7.50 I/INO
1231 : Pickup Value Of High Set Trip = 7.50 I/INobj
DELAY TIME
In special cases it may be advantageous to delay the trip signal of the differential protection. For this, an
additional delay can be set. The delay time 1226 T I-DIFF> is started if an internal fault in the protected object
has been detected by the IDIFF > stage and the trip characteristic. 1263 T I-DIFF >> is the time delay for the
tripping stage I-DIFF >>. This parameter can only be set with DIGSI at Additional Settings. The dropout time of
all stages is determined by the minimum trip time duration of all protection functions. All setting times are
additional delay times which do not include the operating times (measuring time, dropout time) of the protective
function. So:
1226A : T I-DIFF >Time Delay = 0 Sec
1236A : T I-DIFF >>Time Delay = 0 Sec
HARMONIC RESTRAINT
Restraint with harmonic content is available only when the device is used as transformer protection.i.e the
PROT.OBJECT (address 105) is a 3 phase transf. or 1 phase transf. or Autotransf. or Autotr. node. This
function is also used for shunt reactors if current transformers are installed at both sides of the connection points.
The inrush restraint function with 2nd harmonic can be switched in address 1206 INRUSH-2.HARM.OFF and
ON. it is based on evalution of the 2nd harmonic present in the switch -on inrush current. The ratio of 2nd
harmonics to the fundamental (address 1271, 2.HARMONIC) is set to I2fn / Ifn = as defult setting. The default
for the harmonic restraint with 2nd harmonics of 15% can be retained without change.
1206 : Inrush With 2 Harmonic Restraint = ON
1271 : 2nd Harmonic Content In I-DIFF = 15 %
It can be used without being changed. To provide more restraint in exceptional cases , where energising
conditions are particulary unfavourable , a smaller value can be set at the afore-mentioned adress. The restraint
with harmonics does not influnce the stage I-DIFF>>.
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The inrush restraint can be extended by the so-called ''crossblock'' function. This means that on harmonic content
overshoot in only one phase all three phases of the differential stage IDIFF > stage are blocked. The duration for
which the crossblock function is active can be limited at adress 1272 CROSSB.2.HARM. Setting is in multiple
of the AC-cycle. This parameter can only be set with DIGSI at Additional Setting. A setting value of 3 periods,
effective for the time of mutual blocking after exceeding the differential current threashold , is recommended (de-
fault). if set to 0 the protection can trip when the transformer is switched on a single-phase fault even while the
other phases carry inrush current. If set ot ∞ the crossblock function remains effective for as long as high-order
harmonics are detected in any phase.
1272A : Time For Cross-Blocking 2ND Harmonic = 3 Cycle
Apart from the second harmonic, the 7UT6x can provide restraint with a furthet harmonic. Address 1207
RESTR.n.HARM. Is used to disable this harmonics restraint, or to select the harmonic for it. Available for
selection of the 3.Harmonic and the 5. Harmonic.
1207 : N-Th Harmonic Restraint = 5 Harmonic
Steady-stade overexcitation of transformer is characteristic by odd harmonic contant. The 3rd or 5th harmonic is
sutaible to detect overexcitation. As the third harmonics is often eliminated in transformers (e.g. in a delta
winding), the fifth harmonic is more commonly used. Converter transformers also produse odd harmonics which
are practically absent in the case of an internal short-circuit.
The harmonic content intended for blocking the differential protection is set at address 1276 n. HARMONIC.
For example, if the 5th harmonic restraint is used to avoid trip during overexcitation , 30% (default setting) are
convenient.
1276 : N-th Harmonic Content In I-DIFF = 30 %
Harmonic restraint with the n-th harmonic operates individally per phase. However, it is also possible as it is for
the inrush restraint-to set the protection in such manner that not only the phase with harmonic content overshoot
but also the other phases of the differential stage I-DIFF > are blocked (so-called ''crossblock'' function). The
duration for which the crossblock function is active can be limited at address 1277 CROSSB. n.HARM. Setting
is in multiple of the AC-cycle. This parameter can be set with DIGSI at Additional Settings. if set to 0 the
crossblock function remains effective for as long as high-order harmonics are detected in any phase. When set to
∞ , the crossblock function is alwayes active.
1277A : Time For Cross-Blocking N-th Harm. = 0 Cycle
If the differential current exceeds the magnitude set at address 1278 IDIFF max n.HM no n-th harmonic
restraint takes place. This parameter can only be altered in DIGSI at Display Additional Setting.
1278 : Limit IDIFF Max Of n-th Harm . Restrain = 1.5 I/INO
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STARPOINT CONDITIONING
If there is a current transformer in the starpoint connection of an earthed transformer winding,i.e between
starpoint and earth electrode. The star point current may be taken in to consideration for calculation of the
differential protection. The earth- fault sensitivity is thus ensured. If a star point is earthed but the earth current is
not available for the measurment, the zero sequence current is eliminated automatically in order to avoid false
operation in case of an external earth fault ; the following parameters are then omitted. Equally, the parameters
are not available if the respective transformer side has no earthed starpoint in the protected zone. You have
informed the device about the earthed conditions during setting of the object properties (Subsection ''General
Power System Data '' under margin heading " Object Data with Transformers", address 313,323,333,343 and / or
and Substation '' Topology of the Protected Object '' under margin heading '' Assignment of Further 1-phase 353
Measuring Location'') The conclusion is: If the starpoint of a side of the protected power transformer is earthed
device (via a further 1-phase current input) you can , nevertheless, leave the default setting for inclusion of the
eart current unchanged in address 1211 DIFFw.IE1-MEAS for side 1 on ''Yes''. This parameter can only be
altered with DIGSI under .Additional Settings. The same considerations apply to any other or additional earthed
sides
313 : Star Point of Side 1 is = Earthed
1211A : Diff Prot .With meas. Earth Current S1 = NO
During setting YES the corresponding earth current will be considered by the differential protection. In auto-
transformers the earth current flowing in the winding can be considered even if a complete three-phase CT set
has been installed in figure 2, where instead of measuring location Z3 also the three phase currents can be
connected to a three phase measuring input of the device. The device then calculates the sum of the three currents
and uses it as earth current. Set address 1216 DIFFw.IE3phMEAS to YES. It is required to assign the respective
three-phase measuring location to one side and to declare it as earth winding (the side of the auto-connected
winding facing the earth electrode). This parameter can only be altered in DIGSI at Display Additional Setting.
1216 : DIFFw. IE.phMEAS = YES
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figure 2: Topology of a transformer bank consisting of 3 single-

phase auto-transformers with compensation winding
dimensioned as accessible tertiary winding
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RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
The restericted earth fault protection detects earth fault in power transformers, shunt reactors, neutral earthing
transformers/reactors , or rotating machines, the star point of which is led to earth. It is also suitable when a
starpoint former is installed within a protected zone of a non-earthed power transformer. A precondition is that a
current transformer is installed in the star point connection, i.e between the starpoint and the earthing electrode.
The starpoint CT and the phase CTs define the limits of the protected zone exactly. Restricted earth fault
protection is not applicable to busbars. The restricted earth fault protection can operate on one of the sides of the
main protected object (power transformer, generator, motor, reactor) or on a further protected object, according
to the topology configured. In case of auto-transformers, it is assigned to the auto-windings. Furthermore, it is
persumed that the assignment of the different measuring locations to the sides of the main protected object or to a
further protected object as well as the assignment of the 1-phase current input for the starpoint current has been
performed correctly according to the substation " Topology of the Protected Object"
Evaluation of Measurement Quantities
The earth fault differential protection compares the fundamental wave of the current flowing in the starpoint
connection, which is designated as 3I0' in the following, with the fundamental wave of the sum of the phase
currents, which should be designated in the following as 3I0''. Thus, the following applies (Figure 3):
3I0' = Ictrl
3I0" = IL1 + IL2 + IL3
Figure 3: Priciple of restriced earth fault protection
For auto-transformers 3I0 '' is valid as the sum of all phase currents flowing to auto-connected winding (full
winding and tap(s)). When an earth fault occures outside the protected zone, another earth currents flows through
the phase current transformers. This is, on the primery side, in counter-phase whith the starpoint current and has
equal magnitude. The maximum information of the currents is evaluated for restraint: the magnitude of the
currents and their phase position. The following is defined:
A tripping effect current : Ifrom = │3I0'│
And the stabilisation or restraining current : Istab = K . (│3I0'-3I0''│ -│3I0'+3I0''│ )
K is a stabilisation factor which will be explained below.
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For an internal fault no restraint is effective since the restraining quantity is either zero or negative. Thus, small
earth current can cause tripping. In contrast, strong restraint becomes effective for external faults. Figure 4 shows
that the restraint is the strongest when the residual current from the phase current transformers is high (area with
negative 3I0"/3I0'). With ideal current tranformers, 3I0" and 3I0' opposite and equal, i.e. 3I0''/3I0' = -1. IF the
starpoint current transformer is designed weaker than the phase current ttansformers (e.g. by selection of a
smaller accuracy limit factor or by higher secondery burden), no trip will be possible under through-fault
condition even in case of severe saturation as the magnitude of 3I0" (negative) is always higher than that of 3I0' .
Figure 4: Tripping characteristic of the restricted earth fault protection depending

on the earth current ratio 3I0”/3I0' (both currents in phase + or counter-phase –);
IREF> = setting; ITrip = tripping current
It was assumed in the above examples that the currents 3I0" and 3I0' are in counter-phase for external earth faults
which is only true for the primary measured quantities. Current transformer saturation may cause phase shifting
between the fundamental waves of the secondary currents which reduces the restraint quantity. If the phase
displacement φ (3I0" ; 3I0') = 90° then the restraint quantity is zero. This corresponds to the conventional method
of direction determination by use of the vectorial sum and difference comparison.
Figure 5: Phasor diagram of the restraint quantity during external fault
The restraint quantity can be influenced by means of a factor K. This factor has a certain relationship to the limit
angle φLimit.
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This limit angle determines for which phase displacement between 3I0'' and 3I0' the pickup value for 3I" = 3I0'
grows to ∞ , i.e. no pickup occurs. In 7UT6x K is equal to 4. The restraint quantity Istab is quadrupled once more ;
it becomes thus 8 itmes the tripping effect quantity Ifrom. The limit angle is φLimit = 100° . This means , no tripping
is possible anymore for a phase displacement φ(3I0'' ; 3I0') ≥ 100° . Figure 6 shows the operating characteristics
of the restricted earth fault protection dependent of the phase displacement between 3I0" and 3I0' for a constant
infeed ratio │3I0"│ = │3I0'│
Figure 6: Tripping characteristic of the restricted earth fault protection depending

on the phase displacement between 3I0” and 3I0' at 3I0” = 3I0' (180° = external
It is possible to increase the tripping value in the tripping area propertional to the arithmetic sum of all currents,
i.e. with the sum of the magnitudes "IrestREF =" or "IrestREF2=" ∑│I│=│IL1│+│IL2│ +│IL3│+│Ix│(Figure 7).
The slope of this restraint characteristic can be set.
Figure 7: Increasing the pickup value
The restricted earth fault protection can only operate if this function has been set during configuration of the
functional scope under address 113 REF PROT .To Enabled. If the second restricted earth fault protection is
used , it also needs to be set at address 114 REF PROT.2 Enabled. Furthermore, a further 1-phase measured
current input must be assigned to the same side or measuring location where the starpoint current is to be
processed. The restricted earth fault protection itself must have been assigned to this side or measuring location.
113 : Restricted Earth Fault Protection = Disable
114 : Restricted Earth Fault Protection 2 = Disable
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The first restricted earth fault protection can be set at address 1301 REF PROT . To enabled (ON) or disabled
(OFF) ; when set to Block relay , the protection function operates but no trip command is issued. .
1301 : Restricted Earth Fault Protection = OFF
The sensitivity of the protection is determined by I-REF > setting (address 1311) . This is the earth fault current
which flows through the starpoint lead of the protected object (transformer , generator, motor, shunt reactor) . A
further earth current which may be supplied from the network does not influence the sensitivity . The setting
value refers to the rated current of the protected side of the main protected object or, in case of a further protected
object , to the rated operation current of the corresponding measuring location. The pre set pickup value of 0.15
I/Ins is normally oppropriate.
1311 : Pickup Value I REF> = 0.15 I / Ins
I/Ins: refer to the rated current of the side to be protected of the main protected object.
The set value can be increased in the tripping quadrate depending on the airthmetic sum of the currents (restraint
by the sum of all current magnitudes) which is set at address 1313 SLOPE. This parameter can only be set with
DIGSI at Additional Settings . The preset value 0 is normally adequate.
1313 A : Slope Of Charac. I-REF > = F(I-SUM) = 0
In speacial cases it may be advantageous to delay the trip signal of the protection. This can be done by setting an
additional delay time (address 1312 T I-REF>). This parameter can only be set with DIGSI at Additional Setting.
This additional time delay is usually set to 0. This setting is a pure additional delay time which does not include
the inherent operating time of the protection.
1312A : T I-REF> Time Delay = 0 Sec
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THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION
The thermal overload protection prevents damage to the protected object caused by thermal overloading,
particulary in case of transformers, rotating machines, power reactors and cables. This protection is not
applicable to single-phase busbar protection. It can be assigned to any of the sides of the main protected object,
however, not to a non-assigned measuring point. Three methods of overload detection are available in 7UT6x :
1) Overload calculation using a thermal replica according to IEC 60255-8 , without ambient temperature influence
2) Overload calculation using a thermal replica according to IEC 60255-8 , with ambient temperature influence
3) Calculation of the hot-spot temperature and determination of the ageing rate according to IEC 60354
The first one is characterised by easy handling and setting; it calculates the overtemperature caused by current
heat losses. For the second one the ambient or coolant temperature is taken in to consideration; it calculates the
total temperature. It is required that the decisive coolant temperature is signalled to the device via a connected
RTD box. The third needs some knowledge about the protected object and its thermal characteristics and the
input of the cooling medium temperature.
The overload protection can be assigned to any desired side of the protected object. Since the cause of the
overload current is outside the protected object, the overload current is a through-flowing current, the overload
protection may be assigned to a feeding or a non-feeding side. When setting the assignment of the protection
functions to the sides of the protected object, you have performed this assignment under address 442 THERM .
O/L .
442 : Thermal Overload Protection Assigned to = Side2
OVERLOAD PROTECTION USING A THERMAL REPLICA
The overload protection of 7UT6x can be assigned to one of the sides of the main protected object (selectable).
Since the cause of overload is normally outside the protected, the overload current is a through-flow current. The
unit computes the temperature rise according to a thermal single-body model as per the following thermal
differential equation:
dθ 1 1 I 2
dt
+
τth
*θ =
τth * [ K . I Nobj ]
θ : actual valid temperature rise referred to the final temperature rise at maximum permissible current of the
assigned side of the protected object k · IN Obj
τth: thermal time constant for the heating
k : k-factor which states the maximum permissible continuous current, referred to the rated current of the
assigned side of the protected object
I : currently valid RMS current of the assigned side of the protected object
INObj: rated current of the assigned side of the protected object
Three methods are available for overload detection, as set out above. During configuration of the functional
scope it is set under address 142 THERM. OVERLOAD whether the overload protection must
function according to the thermal replica (THERM. OVERLOAD = th rep w.o. sen), if necessary, under
inclusion of the environmental or coolant temperature (THERM. OVERLOAD = th repl w. sens) or whether
the hot-spot calculation according to IEC 60354 must be executed (THERM. OVERLOAD = IEC354). In the
latter two cases, at least one RTD-box 7XV5662-xAD must be connected to the device in order to digitally
inform the device about the coolant temperature. The required data for the RTD-box are set under address
191 RTD CONNECTION.
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142 : Thermal Over Load Protection = Ther.replica Whitout Temperature Sensor
191 : RTD Connection = Disable
Under address 4201 THERM. OVERLOAD overload protection ON or OFF can be set. If address 142
THERM.OVERLOAD has been set to th rep w.o. sen during configuration of the functional scope, the setting
Alarm Only is also possible. With that latter setting the protection function is active but only outputs an alarm
when the tripping temperature rise is reached, i.e. the output function is not active. The option Block relay allows
to operate the protection but the trip output relay is blocked.
4201 : Thermal Overload Protection = ON
K-FACTOR
The rated current of the side of the main protected object which is assigned to the overload protection is taken as
the base current for detecting an overload. The setting factor k is set in address 4202 K-FACTOR. It is
determined by the relation between the permissible thermal continuous current and this rated current:
K =
Imax
INobj
The permissible continuous current is at the same time the current at which the e-function of the overtemperature
has its asymptote.
When using the method with a thermal replica, it is not necessary to evaluate any absolute temperature nor the
trip temperature since the trip temperature rise is equal to the final temperature rise at K · INObj. Manufacturers of
electrical machines usually state the permissible continuous current. If no data are available, the K-FACTOR is
set to 1.1 times the rated current of the assigned side of the protected object. For cables, the permissible
continuous current depends on the cross-section, the insulation material, the design and the method of installation,
and can be derived from the relevant tables. As the nominal data of the protected object and the current
transformer ratios are known to the device, the K-FACTOR can be set immediately. Unlike the devices
7UT613/63x, which operate with the nominal current of the protected object, device 7UT612 uses the nominal
current of the protection device. Here, the setting value of the k factor shall take the mismatching into account:
Set Value K-FACTOR K=

Imax prim * Inobj
Inobj INCT prim
When using the method with hot-spot calculation according to IEC 60354, setting K-FACTOR = 1 is advisable
as all remaining parameters refer to the rated current of the assigned side of the protected object.
4204 : K-Factor = 1.1
TIME CONSTANT τ FOR THERMAL REPLICA
The thermal time constant τth for the thermal replica is set under address 4203 TIME CONSTANT. This is also
provided by the manufacturer.
Please note that the time constant is set in minutes. Quite often other values for determining the time constant are
stated which can be converted into the time constant as follows: 1-s current
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τ th = 1
.(
Permissible 1s current
)
2
min 60 Permissible continuous current
Permissible current for application time other than 1 s, e.g. for 0.5 s
τ th = 0.5 ( Permissible 0.5-s current

)
2
min 60 Permissible continuous current
t6-time; this is the time in seconds for which a current of 6 times the rated current of the protected object may
τ th =
0.6 . t6
min
4203 : Thermal Time Constant 100 MIN
For rotating machines, the thermal time constant set under TIME CONSTANT is valid for as long as the
machine is running. The machine will cool down significantly slower during stand-still or running down, if it is
self-ventilated.This phenomenon is considered by a higher stand-still time constant Kτ-FACTOR (address 4207)
which is set as a factor of the normal time constant. This parameter can only be set with DIGSI under Additional
Settings. If it not necessary to distinguish between different time constants, e.g. with cables, transformers,
reactors, etc., retain the factor Kτ-FACTOR = 1.0 (default setting).
4207A : Kτ-Factor When Motor Stops = 1
ALARM STAGE WITH THERMAL REPLICA
By setting a thermal alarm stage Θ ALARM (address 4204) an alarm can be released before the tripping
temperature is reached, so that a trip can be avoided by early load reduction or by switching over. The percentage
refers to the tripping temperature rise. Note that the final temperature rise is proportional to the square of the
current. A sensible setting value would be Θ ALARM = 90 %
4204 : Thermal Alarm Stage = 90 %
The current overload alarm setpoint I ALARM (address 4205) is referred to the rated current of the side and
should be set equal to or slightly below the permissible continuous current k ·INObj. It can also be used instead of
the thermal alarm stage. In this case, the thermal alarm stage is set to 100 % and is thus virtually ineffective
4205 : Current Overload Alarm Setpoint = 1 I / In
EMERGENCY START FOR MOTORS
The run-on time value to be entered at address 4208 T EMERGENCY must ensure that, after an emergency start
and dropout of the binary input , the trip command is blocked until the thermal replica has fallen below the
dropout threshold. This parameter can only be set with DIGSI under Additional Settings.
4208A : Emergency Time = 100 Sec
19/27
REV: Z
OVEREXCITATION PROTECTION
The overexcitation protection serves to detect increased induction in generators and transformers,especially in
power station unit transformers. An increase in the induction above the rated value quickly leads to saturation of
the iron core and high eddy current losses which in turn lead to impermissible heating up of the iron. Use of the
overexcitation protection assumes that measuring voltages are connected to the relay. The overexcitation
protection measures the voltage/frequency quotient U/f, which is proportional to the induction B at given
dimensions of the iron core. If the quotient U/f is set in relation to voltage and frequency under rated conditions
of the protected object UNObj / fN, a direct measure is obtained of the induction related to the induction under rated
conditions B/BNObj. All constant variables cancel each other:
U
B UNObj U/F
= =
BNObj F UNObj / FN
FN
The relative relation makes all conversions unnecessary. All values can be specified directly related to the
permissible induction. The rated variables of the protected object have already been entered in the 7UT613 relay
with the object and transformer data when setting the differential protection.
A precondition for use of the overexcitation protection is that measured voltages are connected to the device and
that a 3-phase protected object has been selected during configuration of the protection functions. Additionally,
the overexcitation protection can only operate if it has been configured under address143 OVEREXC. PROT.
=Enabled.
143 : Overexcitaion Protection (U/F) = Enable
In address 4301 OVEREXC. PROT., the overexcitation protection can be switched ON or OFF. The option
Block relay allows to operate the protection but the trip output relay is blocked.
4301 : Overexcitation Protection (U/F) = ON
The overexcitation protection includes two definite time stages and a further thermal characteristic which latter
forms an approximate replica of the temperature rise caused by overflux in the protected object.
DEFINITE TIME STAGES
The limit-value setting at address 4302 U/f > is based on the continuously permissible induction value related to
the nominal induction (B/BN) specified by the manufacturer of the object to be protected. This setting determines
the pickup of the warning stage as well as the minimum value for the thermal stage.
4302 : U/F > Pickup = 1.1
After the time 4303 address T U/f > has expired (approx 10 s) alarm is output
4303 : T U/F > Time Delay = 10 Sec
Strong overexcitation endangers the protected object after short time. The high-set stage 4304 address U/f >>
should, therefore be only shortly delayed (approx. 1 s) by the time 4305 addressT U/f >>.
4304 : U/F > >Pickup = 1.4
4305 : T U/F > >Time Delay = 1 Sec
20/27
REV: Z
THERMAL STAGE
The thermal characteristic is intended to simulate the temperature rise of the iron core due to overflux. The
heating-up characteristic is approximated by 8 time values for the 8 predefined induction values B/BNObj (reduced
U/f). Intermediate values are gained in the device by linear interpolation. If no instructions of the manufacturer
are available, the preset standard characteristic should be used; this corresponds to a standard Siemens
transformer (figure 8)
Figure 8 Thermal tripping characteristic (with preset values)
21/27
REV: Z
Figure 8-1 Tripping time characteristic of the overexcitation protection
22/27
REV: Z
Otherwise, any tripping characteristic can be specified by point-wise entering the delay times for the 8 predefined
U/f-values:
4306 : U/F = 1.05 Time Delay = 20000 Sec
4307 : U/F = 1.10 Time Delay = 6000 Sec
4308 : U/F = 1.15 Time Delay = 240 Sec
4309 : U/F = 1.20 Time Delay = 60 Sec
4310 : U/F = 1.25 Time Delay = 30 Sec
4311 : U/F = 1.30 Time Delay = 19 Sec
4312 : U/F = 1.35 Time Delay = 13 Sec
4313 : U/F = 1.40 Time Delay = 10 Sec
COOL-DOWN TIME
Tripping by the thermal image is reset at the time of the pickup threshold reset. However, the counter content is
counted down to zero with the cooldown time parametrized at address 4314 T COOL DOWN. In this context,
this parameter is defined as the time required by the thermal replica to cool down from 100 % to 0 %.
4314 : Time For Cold Down = 3600 Sec
23/27
REV: Z
SUMMARY OF SETTING
SETTING
DEVICE CONFIGURATION
FUNCTIONAL SCOPE
NO. FUNCTION SCOPE
0103 Setting Group Change Option Disable
0105 Protection Object 3 Phase Transformer
0112 Differential Option Enable
0113 Restricted Earth Fault Protection Disable
0114 Restricted Earth Fault Protection 2 Disable
0117 Cold Load Pickup Disable
0120 DMT/IDMT Phase Disable
0130 DMT/IDMT Phase 2 Disable
0132 DMT/IDMT Phase 3 Disable
0122 DMT/IDMT 3I0 Disable
0134 DMT/IDMT 3I0 2 Disable
0136 DMT/IDMT 3I0 3 Disable
0124 DMT/IDMT Earth Disable
0138 DMT/IDMT Earth 2 Disable
0127 DMT 1PHASE Disable
0140 Unbalance Load (Negative Sequence) Disable
0142 Thermal Over Load Protection Ther.replica Whitout Temperature Sensor
0144 Thermal Over Load Protection 2 Disable
0143 Overexcitation Protection (U/F) Enable
0170 Breaker Failure Protection Disable
0171 Breaker Failure Protection 2 Disable
0180 Disconnected Measurment Location Disable
0181 Measured Values Supervision Disable
0182 Trip Circuit Supervision Disable
0186 External Trip Function 1 Disable
0187 External Trip Function 2 Disable
190 RTD- Connection Disable
POWERSYSTEM DATA 1
CT - NUMBER
NO. SETTINGS VALUE
0211 Number OF Connected Measuring 3
0212 Number OF Assigned Measuring Locations 3
0213 Number OF Sides 3
CT -ASSIGN
NO. SETTINGS VALUE
0222 Assignment AT 3 Aaaig.Meas.LOC/3 Sides S1 : M1 ,S2 : M2 , S3 : M3
0251 Auxilary CT IX1 IS Used AS Not Connected
0255 Type OF Auxilary CT IX3 1A/5A Current Input
VT - ASSIGN
NO. SETTINGS VALUE
0261 VT SET UL1 ,UL2 ,UL3 IS Assigned Side3
0262 VT U4 IS Assigned Not Connected
0263 VT U4 IS Used AS Udelta Transformer
POWER SYSTEM
NO. SETTINGS VALUE
0270 Rated Frequency 50
0271 Phase Sequence L1 L2 L3
0276 Unit OF Temperature Measurment Degree Celsius
24/27
REV: Z
TRANSF.
NO SETTINGS VALUE
0311 Rated Primary Voltage Side1 400 KV
0312 Rated Apparent Power OF Transf. Side1 200 MVA
0313 Star Point OF Side 1 IS Earthed
0314 Transf. Winding Connection Side1 Y(Wye)
0321 Rated Primary Voltage Side2 63 KV
0324 Transf. Winding Connection Side2 Y(Wye)
0325 Vector Group Numeral OF Side 2 0
0331 Rated Primery Voltage Side3 20 KV
0334 Transf. Winding Connection Side3 D (delta)
0335 Vector Group Numeral OF Side3 11
NOTASSIGNMEASLOC
NO SETTINGS VALUE
FUNCT.
NO SETTINGS VALUE
0413 Restricted Earth Fault Prot Assigned TO Side 1
0414 Restricted Earth Fault Prot 2 Assigned TO Side 2
0442 Thermal Overload Protection Assigned TO Side2
CT ' S
NO SETTINGS VALUE
0511 CT-Strpnt .Meas .Loc.1 IN Dir . OF Object Yes
0512 CT Rated Primery Current Meas.Loc.1 2000 A
0513 CT Rated Secondary Current Meas.Loc.1 1 A
0523 CT Rated Secondery Current Meas.Loc.2 1 A
0533 CT Rated Secondery Current Meas.Loc.3 1 A
VT ' S
NO SETTINGS VALUE
0801 VT Rated Prim . Voltage Set UL1, UL2, UL3 400 KV
0802 VT Rated Sec .Voltage Set UL1, UL2, UL3 110 V
0803 Angle Correction UL1, UL2, UL3 - VT 0.00 °
0811 VT Rated Primery Voltage U4 400 KV
0812 VT Rated Secondery Voltage U4 110 V
0816 Matching Ration Phase VT TO Open - Delta VT 1.73
CB
NO SETTINGS VALUE
0831 Swithgear / CB Aux AT Side 1 None
0836 Swithgear / CB Aux AT Measuring . Loc. M1 None
0851 Minimum Trip Command Duration 0.15 S
SETTING GROUP A
0011 POWER SYSTEM DATA 2
POWER SYSTEM
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1107 Sign OF P,Q Not Reversed
25/27
REV: Z
POLE OPEN DETECT

NO SETTINGS VALUE
1111 Pole Open Current Threshold Side 1 0.1 I / Ins
1121 Pole Open Current Threshold Meas .Loc.M1 0.04 A
0012 DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

GENERAL
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1201 Differential Protection ON
1205 Increase OF Trip Chra During Start OFF
1206 Inrush With 2 Harmonic Restraint ON
1207 N-TH Harmonic Restraint 5
1211 Diff-Prot . With meas. Earth Current S1 NO
I-DIFF
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1221 Pickup Value Of Differential Curr 0.2 I/INO
1226 T I-DIFF >Time Delay 0 SEC
1231 Pickup Value OF High Set Trip 7.50 I/INO
1236 T I-DIFF >>Time Delay 0 SEC
CHARACTERISTIC
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1241 Slope 1 OF Tripping Characteristic 0.25
1242 Base Point For Slope 1 OF Charac. 0 I/INO
1243 Slope 2 OF Tripping Chacteristic 0.50
1244 Base Point For Slope 2 OF Charac. 2.5 I/INO
1251 I- Restraint For Start Detection 0.1 I/INO
1252 Factor For Increasing OF Char . AT Start 1
1253 Maximum Permissible Starting Time 5.00 SEC
1261 Pickup For ADD-ON Stablization 3.12 I/INO
1262 Duration OF ADD-ON Stablization 15 CYCL
1263 Time For Cross - Blocking ADD-ON Stabliz 15 CYCL
INRUSH 2.HM
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1271 2nd Harmonic Content IN I-Diff 15 %
1272 Time For Cross - Blocking 2nd Harmonic 3 CYCL
RESTR . N. HM
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1276 N-TH Harmonic Content IN I-Diff 30 %
1277 Time For Cross - Blocking N-TH Harm. 0 CYCL
1278 Limit IDiff Max OF N-TH Harm . Restrain 1.5 I/INO
0013 RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION

GENERAL
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1301 Restricted Earth Fault Protection OFF
SETTINGS
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1311 Pickup Value I Ref> 0.15 I/INS
1312 T I-Ref> Time Delay 0 SEC
1313 Slope OF Charac. I-Ref > = F(I-Sum) 0.00
26/27
REV: Z
0014 RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION 2

GENERAL
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1401 Restricted Earth Fault Protection OFF
SETTINGS
NO SETTINGS VALUE
1411 Pickup Value I Ref> 0.15 I/INS
1412 T I-Ref> Time Delay 0 SEC
1413 Slope OF Charac. I-Ref > = F(I-Sum) 0.00
0044 THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION

GENERAL
NO SETTING VALUE
4201 Thermal Overload Protection ON
THERMAL OVERLOAD
NO SETTING VALUE
4202 K-Factor 1.1
4203 Thermal Time Constant 100 MIN
4204 Thermal Alarm Stage 90 %
4205 Current Overload Alarm Setpoint 1 I/IN
4207 KT-Factor When Motor Stops 1
4208 Emergency Time 100 SEC
4209 Current Pickup Value OF Motor Starting 0.6 I/IN
0043 OVEREXCITATION PROTECTION (U/F)

GENERAL
NO. SETTINGS VALUE
4301 Overexcitation Protection (U/F) ON
OVEREXCITATION
NO. SETTINGS VALUE
4302 U/F > Pickup 1.10
4303 T U/F > Time Delay 10 SEC
4304 U/F > >Pickup 1.40
4305 T U/F > >Time Delay 1 SEC
CHARACTERISTIC
NO. SETTINGS VALUE
4306 U/F = 1.05 Time Delay 20000 SEC
4307 U/F = 1.10 Time Delay 6000 SEC
4314 Time For Cold Down 3600 SEC
27/27

Protection Relays Setting Calculation

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Protection Relays Setting Calculation

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PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION - 7UT63

GENERAL TRANSFORMER INFORMATION

The Rared Apparent Power = 200 MVA

SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

112 : Differential Option = Enable

105 : Protection Object = 3 Phase Transformer

1201 : Differential Protection = ON

SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

TRIP CHARACTERISTIC DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT

1221 : Pickup Value Of Differential Curr = 0.2 I / INOBJ

Figure 1 : Tripping characteristic of the differential protection

1242A : Base Point For Slop 1 Of Charac = 0 I / In

And the slope is calculated as follows :

SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

TR HV Side Full Load Primary Current :

IHVP,NORMAL TAP = 288.68 A

TR HV Side Full Load Secondery Current :

IHVS,NORMAL TAP = 0.1443 A

HV Side Correction Factor :

Corrected Current On The Relay Side :

IHVSC,NORMAL TAP=IHVS,NORMAL TAP*KHV =1 A

TR HV Side Full Load Primary Current :

IHVP,MINIMUM TAP = 339.62 A

TR HV Side Full Load Secondary Current :

IHVS,MINIMUM TAP = 0.1698 A

HV Side Correction Factor :

Corrected Current On The Relay Side :

IHVSC,MINIMUM TAP=IHVS,MINIMUM TAP*KHV = 1.1765 A

SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

TR LV Side Full Load Primary Current :

ILVP,NORMAL TAP = 1832.9 A

TR LV Side Full Load Secondary Current :

ILVS,NORMAL TAP = 0.7331 A

LV Side Correction Factor :

Corrected Current On The Relay Side :

ILVSC,NORMAL TAP=ILVS,NORMAL TAP*KLV =1 A

Differential Current At Minimum Tap In Terms Of Relay Rated Current :

Idiff=(IHVSC,MINIMUM TAP-ILVSC,NORMAL TAP)*100 = 17.6471 %

Maximum Permissible % Differential Current :

Idiff,set = 17.647 + 7 = 24.647 %

1241A : Slope 1 Of Tripping Characteristic = 0.25

SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

1243A : Slope 2 Of Tripping Characteristic = 0.5

I-add on = 50 % of 1/(uk%) = 3.1 I/INO

1261A : Pickup For Add-on Stablization = 3.1 I/INO

1262 A : Duration Of Add-on Stablization = 15 cycle

1263A : Time For Cross-Blocking Add-on Stabliz = 15 cycle

SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

FAST UNRESTRAINT TRIP WITH HIGH-CURRENT FAULTS

I-DIFF>> = 120 % of 1/(uk%) = 7.50 I/INO

1231 : Pickup Value Of High Set Trip = 7.50 I/INobj

1226A : T I-DIFF >Time Delay = 0 Sec

1236A : T I-DIFF >>Time Delay = 0 Sec

1206 : Inrush With 2 Harmonic Restraint = ON

1271 : 2nd Harmonic Content In I-DIFF = 15 %

SUBJECT 400/63/20 KV TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

1272A : Time For Cross-Blocking 2ND Harmonic = 3 Cycle

1207 : N-Th Harmonic Restraint = 5 Harmonic

1276 : N-th Harmonic Content In I-DIFF = 30 %

1277A : Time For Cross-Blocking N-th Harm. = 0 Cycle