ELECTRÓNICA II

Introduction
One of the most common op-amp circuits is the inverting constant-gain multiplier, which provides a precise gain or
amplification. Figure 1.1 shows a standard circuit connection, with the resulting gain being given by

(1.1)

FIG. 1.1 Fixed-gain amplifier.

EXAMPLE 1.1 Determine the output voltage for the circuit of Fig. 1.2 with a sinusoidal input of 2.5 mV.

FIG. 1.2 Circuit for Example 1.1

Solution: The circuit of Fig. 1.2 uses a 741 op-amp to provide a constant or fixed gain, calculated from Eq. (1.1) to
be

The output voltage is then

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A noninverting constant-gain multiplier is provided by the circuit of Fig. 1.3, with the gain given by

(1.2)

FIG. 1 .3 Noninverting fixed-gain amplifier.

EXAMPLE 1.2 Calculate the output voltage from the circuit of Fig. 1.4 for an input of 120 V. Solution: The gain of
the op-amp circuit is calculated using Eq. (1.2) to be

The output voltage is then

FIG. 1.4 Circuit for Example 1.2.

Multiple-Stage Gains

When a number of stages are connected in series, the overall gain is the product of the individual stage gains. Figure
11.5 shows a connection of three stages. The first stage is connected to provide noninverting gain as given by Eq.
(1.1). The next two stages provide an inverting gain given by Eq. (1.1). The overall circuit gain is then noninverting
and is calculated by

where

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 FIG. 1.5 Constant-gain connection with multiple stages.

EXAMPLE 1.3 Calculate the output voltage using the circuit of Fig. 11.5 for resistor components of value Rf = 470 k
, R1 = 4.3 k , R2 = 33 k , and R3 = 33 k for an input of 80 V.

Solution: The amplifier gain is calculated to be

so that

EXAMPLE 1.4 Show the connection of an LM124 quad op-amp as a three-stage amplifier with gains of +10, –18, and
–27. Use a 270-k feedback resistor for all three circuits.

What output voltage will result for an input of 150 V?

Solution: For the gain of +10,

For the gain of –18,

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For the gain of –27,

The circuit showing the pin connections and all components used is given in Fig. 1.6. For an input of V 1 = 150 V,
the output voltage is

Vo = A1A2A3V1 = (10)(–18)(–27)(150 V) = 4860 (150 V) = 0.729 V

FIG. 1.6 Circuit for Example 1.4 (using LM124).

A number of op-amp stages could also be used to provide separate gains, as demonstrated in the next example.

EXAMPLE 1.5 Show the connection of three op-amp stages using an LM348 IC to provide outputs that are 10, 20,
and 50 times larger than the input. Use a feedback resistor of Rf = 500 k in all stages.

Solution: The resistor component for each stage is calculated to be

The resulting circuit is drawn in Fig. 1.7.

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 FIG. 1.7 Circuit for Example 11.5 (using LM348).

AMPLIFICADORES OPERACIONALES

TAREA 2.2

Solve and present the resolution of each exercise and then select the correct answer

1. Determine the output voltage for this circuit with a sinusoidal input of 2.5 mV.

Electrónica II JGBA Abril – Agosto 2018

  –0.99 V
 –0.125 V
 0.25 V
 0.125 V

2. Calculate the input voltage for this circuit if Vo = –11 V.

 1.1 V
 –1.1 V
 –3 V
 3V
3.- Calculate the output voltage.

 –6.V
 6.0 mV
 6.12 mV
 –6.12 mV

4. Calculate the input voltage when Vo = 11 V.

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  1.1V
 –1.1 V
 –1 V
 1V

5. Calculate the output voltage.

 3.02 V
 2.03 V
 1.78 V
 1.50 V
6. Calculate the output of the first-stage op-amp when V1 = 25 mV.

 –1.05 V
 0.075 V
 0.06 V
 4.2 V

7. Calculate the output of the second stage op-amp if V1 = 25 mV.

Electrónica II JGBA Abril – Agosto 2018

  –0.075 V
 0.525 V
 0.06 V
 4.2 V

8. Calculate the input voltage if the final output is 10.08 V.

 –1.05 V
 0.525 V
 0.168 V
 4.2 V
9. Determine the value of Rf (assuming that all have the same value).

 500 k
 50 k
 25 k
 5k

10. When a number of stages are connected in parallel, the overall gain is the product of the individual stage gains.

Electrónica II JGBA Abril – Agosto 2018

  True
 False

11. A number of op-amp stages can be used to provide separate gains.

 True
 False

12. Calculate the output voltage if V1 = V2 = 0.15 V.

 0V
 4.65 V
 6.45 V
 –6.45 V

13. Calculate the output voltage if V1 = –3.3 V and V2 = 0.8 V.

 0V
 –6.6 V
 –4 V
 2V

14. Calculate the output voltage if V1 = 33 mV and V2 = 02 mV.

 0V
 –6.6 V
 –4 V
 2V
15. Calculate the output voltage if V1 = 0 V and V2 = 0.2 V.

Electrónica II JGBA Abril – Agosto 2018

  0V
 –6.6 V
 –4 V
 2V

16. Calculate the output voltage if V1 = –0.2 V and V2 = 0 V.

 0V
 –6.6 V
 –4 V
 2V

17 Determine the output voltage.

 10(V2 – Vi)
 –10(V2 – V1)
 –10(V1 – V2)
 None of the above

18. Calculate the output voltage if V1 = 300 mV and V2 = 700 mV.

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  0V
 –12 V
 12 V
 –4 V

19. Calculate the output voltage if V1 = V2 = 700 mV.

 0V
 –12 V
 12 V
 –8 V

20. Refer to Example 11.7. Calculate the output voltage Vo if V1 = –V2 = 300 mV.

 0V
 –12 V
 12 V
 –8 V

21. Determine the output voltage when V1 = V2 = 1 V.

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  0V
 –2 V
 1V
 2V

22. Determine the output voltage when V1 = –V2 = 1 V.

 0V
 –2 V
 1V
 2V

23. Determine the output voltage when V1 = –V2 = –1 V.

 0V
 –2 V
 1V
 2V

24. How many op-amps are required to implement this equation?

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  2
 3
 4
 1

25. How many op-amps are required to implement this equation?

 2
 3
 4
 1

26. How many op-amps are required to implement this equation?

 2
 3
 4
 1

27. How many op-amps are required to implement this equation?

Vo = V1

 2
 3
 4
 1

28. Calculate IL for this circuit.

 3 mA
 4 mA
 5 mA
 6 mA

29. Calculate the output voltage for this circuit when V1 = 2.5 V and V2 = 2.25 V.

Electrónica II JGBA Abril – Agosto 2018

  –5.25 V
 2.5 V
 2.25 V
 5.25 V

30. An example of an instrumentation circuit is a(n) _____.

 dc voltmeter
 display driver
 ac voltmeter
 All of the above

31. This circuit is an example of a(n)________.

 dc voltmeter
 display driver
 instrumentation amplifier
 None of the above

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