Temperature, heat and the first law of thermodynamics 

1.  You want to insert an aluminum rod, which at 20°C has a radius of 1.000200 cm into a
copper tube which has a radius of 1.000100 cm at the same temperature. You decide to put
both of them in the refrigerator. At what temperature will the rod just fit if both are cooled to
the same temperature? The coefficient of thermal expansion for aluminum is 2.4 × 10-5 K-
1, and that of copper is 1.7 × 10-5 K-1.

A) 7.8°C B) 6.3°C C) 9.2°C D) 15°C E) 5.7°C

2. The hole for a bolt in a brass plate has a diameter of 1.200 cm at 20°C. What is the diameter
of the hole when the plate is heated to 220°C? The coefficient of linear thermal expansion
for brass is 19 × 10-6/C°. (Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)
A) 1.205 cm B) 1.125 cm C) 1.195 cm D) 1.200 cm E) 1.210 cm

3. 1.00 L of water at 20.00°C will occupy what volume if it is heated to 80.00°C? Water has
a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10-6/C°. (Express your answer to 4 significant
figures.)
A) 1.600 L B) 1.326 L C) 1.013 L D) 0.9870 L E) 0.9987 L

4.  The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 24 × 10-6 K-1 and the coefficient of
volume expansion of olive oil is 0.68 × 10-3 K-1. A novice cook, in preparation for deep-
frying some potatoes, fills a 1.00-L aluminum pot to the brim and heats the oil and the pot
from an initial temperature of 15°C to 190°C. To his consternation some olive oil spills over
the top. How much?
A) 0.13 L B) 0.12 L C) 0.11 L D) 0.14 L E) 0.15 L

5. A substance has a melting point of 20°C and a heat of fusion of 3.5 × 104 J/kg. The boiling
point is 150°C and the heat of vaporization is 7.0 × 104 J/kg at a pressure of 1.0 atm. The
specific heats for the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases are 600 J/(kg·K), 1000 J/(kg·K), and
400 J/(kg·K), respectively. The quantity of heat given up by 0.50 kg of the substance when it
is cooled from 170°C to 88°C, at a pressure of 1.0 atmosphere, is closest to
A) 70 kJ. B) 14 kJ. C) 21 kJ. D) 30 kJ. E) 44 kJ.
 

6.  If 2.0 g of water at 0.00°C is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added to it? The
specific heat of water is 1.0 cal/g·K, its heat of fusion is 80 cal/g, and its heat of vaporization
is 539 cal/g.
A) 1100 cal B) 1100 kcal C) 1200 cal D) 1300 cal E) 1500 cal

7. An 80-g aluminum calorimeter contains 380 g of water at an equilibrium temperature of

20°C. A 120-g piece of metal, initially at 352°C, is added to the calorimeter. The final
temperature at equilibrium is 32°C. Assume there is no external heat exchange. The specific
heats of aluminum and water are 910 J/kg·K and 4190 J/kg·K, respectively. What is the
specific heat of the metal?
A) 480 J/kg · K. B) 520 J/kg · K C) 390 J/kg · K. D) 350 J/kg · K. E) 560 J/kg · K.

8. A sealed 89-m3 tank is filled with 6000 moles of oxygen gas (O2) at an initial temperature
of 270 K. The gas is heated to a final temperature of 350 K. The ATOMIC mass of oxygen
is 16.0 g/mol, and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K.
What is the initial pressure of the gas?
A) 0.15 MPa. B) 0.17 MPa. C) 0.19 MPa. D) 0.13 MPa. E) 0.11 MPa.
9. A 3.2-L volume of neon gas (Ne) is at a pressure of 3.3 atm and a temperature of 330 K.
The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol, Avogadro’s number is 6.022 · 1023 molecules/mol,
and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K. What isthe mass
of the neon gas?
A) 7.9 × 10-3 kg. B) 4.6 × 10-3 kg. C) 3.8 kg. D) 7.8 kg. E) 7.8 × 102 kg.

10. An ideal gas is at a pressure 1.00 × 105 N/m2 and occupies a volume 2.00 m3. If the gas
is compressed to a volume 1.00 m3 while the temperature remains constant, what will be the
new pressure in the gas?
A) 0.500 × 105 N/m2 B) 4.00 × 105 N/m2
C) 1.00 × 105 N/m2 D) 2.00 × 105 N/m2
E) The answer depends on the mass of the gas particles.

11. The figure shows a 50-kg frictionless cylindrical piston that floats on 0.68 mol of
compressed air at 30°C. How far does the piston move if the temperature is increased to
300°C?

A) 120 cm B) 250 cm C) 130 cm D) 1300 cm

12. The figure (not to scale) shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He) that undergoes
the process 1 → 2 → 3. Find the value of V3. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K
= 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K, and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

 
 A) 17 L B) 69 L C) 34 L D) 8.6 L
 
 
 
 
 
13.  The figure shows a pV diagram for 8.3 g of nitrogen gas (N2) in a sealed container. The
temperature T1 of the gas in state 1 is 79°C. What are (a) the pressure p1 of the gas in state
1 and (b) the temperature T2 of the gas in state 2?
The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol·K= 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K, and the ATOMIC
weight of nitrogen is 14 g/mol.

 
A) (a) 19 atm, (b) 160°C. B) (a) 19 atm, (b) 700°C.
C) (a) 86 atm, (b) 160°C. D). (a) 86 atm, (b) 700°C
 
 
14.  The pV diagram shown is for 7.50 moles of an ideal diatomic gas taken through a cycle
from a to b to c. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K.

(a) What is the highest temperature reached by the gas during the cycle?
(b) What net work does the gas do during the cycle?
(c) How much heat is exchanged with the gas during part bc of the cycle? Does it enter or
leave the gas?
(d) What is the change in the internal (thermal) energy of the gas during part bc of the
cycle?
(e) What is the change in the internal (thermal) energy of the gas during the entire cycle?
Answer: (a) 208°C (b) 4.00 kJ (c) 30.0 kJ, leaves the gas
(d) -30.0 kJ (e) 0.00 J