PRESENTED BY:

Miss. RAMANPREET KAUR

LECTURER
COLLEGE OF NURSING
SHAHEED KARTAR SINGH SARABHA
Different students have different learning needs
and interests and a rigid curriculum really
restricts both the teacher and the student.
Students should learn what society feels
they need to know. In reality however,
accountability severely limits learning,
as teachers are more worried about meeting
the curriculum requirements and not on having
the student learn about the

subject whole.
The emerging curriculum responds to the urge to
break away from traditional disciplines, to develop
more interdisciplinary approaches. In the curriculum
of the future, subject matter most likely will be less
compartmentalized and more integrated and
holistic.
Knowledge will no longer be considered fragmented
or linear, but multidisciplinary and multidimensional;
it will also be integrated with more visual and
auditory resources and rely less on verbal and
reading materials.
 STRATEGIES IN EDUCATION
According to Harden et al., there are six strategies in
medical education:
(a) student-centred vs. teacher-centred learning;
(b) problem based learning vs. information gathering;
(c) integrated vs. discipline-based teaching;
(d) community-based vs. hospital-based education;
(e) elective vs. standard programmes; and
(f) systematic vs. opportunistic programmes.
Student-centred Vs. Teacher-
centred Learning
Problem Based Learning Vs.
Information Gathering
Problem Based Learning Vs.
Information Gathering
Community-based Vs. Hospital-
based Education
Systematic Vs. Opportunistic
Programmes
 TRENDS IN CURRICULUM
TECHNOLOGY

To enhance student learning by providing access to
faster online search capability.

Allows for more multimedia and hands- on activities
which keeps students engaged.

Online videos offer students real examples of
the type of work they would be doing.
To level the playing field
of all types of learners:
auditory, visual and
kinesthetic.
 Electronic education

Videotapes, cassettes, and disks can be used for
instruction in classrooms, libraries, resource centers, and
the student's home. Since the video can be played at any
convenient time, the students never have to miss a
lesson.
 ISSUES IN CURRICULUM
Globalization of the World's Economy and
Society:- Nursing science needs to address health
care issues, such as emerging and reemerging
infections, that result from globalization. Nursing
education and research must become more
internationally focused to disseminate information
and benefit from the multicultural experience.
The Era of the Educated Consumer, Alternative
Therapies and Genomics, and Palliative Care:-

Nursing education and practice must expand to include
the implications of the emerging therapies from both
genetic research and alternative medicine, while
managing ethical conflicts and questions. The inclusion
of nontraditional health care providers may augment
the health care team.
 Shift to Population-Based Care and the
Increasing Complexity of Patient Care

Rising costs and an aging population have led to new
settings and systems of care across the health care
continuum. Providing services for defined groups
"covered" by managed care will demand skills and
knowledge in clinical epidemiology, biostatistics,
behavioral science, and their application to specific
populations.
CONTD…..

Nurses must demonstrate management skills at both
the organizational and patient care levels. These
concepts must be incorporated into the nursing
curriculum.
 ISSUES INVOLVED IN
CURRICULUM CONSTRUCTION
AND IMPLEMENTATION
• WHY TO FORMULATE THE CURRICULUM

• FOR WHOM TO FORMULATE THE

CURRICULUM

• WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULUM

 WHY TO FORMULATE THE
CURRICULUM?????

This includes taking into consideration the aims of
education. The educator, the teacher and the
learner must be clear about the aims of education so
that right efforts are made.
FOR WHOM TO FORMULATE THE
CURRICULUM????

For the learners.

So the curriculum shall be formulated according to

the needs of the students, their individual differences,
ages and stages.
WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE
CURRICULUM?????

Curriculum is described as the “environment in
motion”.

In a broader sense it includes various subjects,

activities and experiences.
 WHERE TO USE THE
CURRICULUM????

In and outside the school.

In the classroom, library, laboratory, workshop,
playgrounds, community etc.
 WHEN TO USE THE
CURRICULUM????

Curriculum is used so that the motivational aspects
may be handled satisfactorily.
 HOW TO USE THE
CURRICULUM????

By various methods of teaching- learning that will
make the process dynamic, effective and
inspirational.
 WHO IS TO USE THE
CURRICULUM????

The teachers and the students are the main
consumers.
WHO WILL FORMULATE THE
CURRICULUM?????

A joint enterprise in which teachers should play a
dominant role.
 WHAT TYPE OF RESOURCES
TO BE USED IN THE
CURRICULUM?????

A judicious use of the traditional and modern audio-
visual aids along with in-hand experience.
HOW TO BRING ABOUT THE
REQUIRED CHANGES IN THE
CURRICULUM??????

Curriculum must be evaluated from time to time so
as to make it confirm with the changing needs.

1970, Alvin Toffler wrote: “ nothing should be

included in a required curriculum unless it can be

strongly justifed in terms of the future.