Experiment # 5

Gay Lussacc’s Law.

 Objective:
We are to study the effects of pressure and temperature on each other if we
increase one what will happen to the other by keeping the volume constant. This is also known
as Gay Lussacc’s Law.

 Theory:

This law is often referred to as Amontons' Law of Pressure-Temperature after Guillaume

Amontons, who, between 1700 and 1702, discovered the relationship between the pressure
and temperature of a fixed mass of gas kept at a constant volume. Amontons discovered this
while building an "air thermometer".

The pressure of a gas of fixed mass and fixed volume is directly proportional to the gas's
absolute temperature.

Illustration of pressure varying with temperature.

Simply put, if a gas's temperature increases, then so does its pressure if the mass and volume of
the gas are held constant. The law has a particularly simple mathematical form if the
temperature is measured on an absolute scale, such as in kelvins. The law can then be
expressed mathematically as:

Or

Where:
 P is the pressure of the gas
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in Kelvin).
k is a constant.

This law holds true because temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a
substance; as the kinetic energy of a gas increases, its particles collide with the container walls
more rapidly, thereby exerting increased pressure.

For comparing the same substance under two different sets of conditions, the law can be
written as:

 Procedure:

1. Set the apparatus and turn on the machine.

2. Check all the things are in place and the instruments are clean and working.

3. Fill gas in the apparatus’s beaker.

4. Turn on the heater now temperature of gas will start to increase.

5. Note the temperature and pressure of gas at any instant.

6. Now again note temperature and pressure of gas at different intervals of time.

7. Volume of the gas must be kept constant or the law will not be applicable.

8. Take at least 6 readings.

 Diagram:

 Observations and Calculations:

S.No Gage pressure Absolute pressure Temperature
(bar) (bar) °C
1 0.55 1.55 20
2 0.60 1.60 28
3 0.65 1.65 41
4 0.70 1.70 54
5 0.75 1.75 70
6 0.8 1.80 87

 Graph:
100

90

80

70

60

50
↑T
40

30

20

10

0
1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 1.85

P→

 Observations:
In this experiment we see that as the temperature of the air increases, due to
the heating, the pressure increases keeping the volume constant. And the straight line
shows that they are directly proportional to each other.

 Applications:

1. If u were to leave an aerosol can out in the sun for a long period of time, the pressure in
the can would build and it would eventually explode because the gasses have nowhere
to go.
2. If a tire of an automobile were to explode, the heat from the tar would cause the gasses
in the tire to double which would cause pressure in the tire. Eventually the tire would
pop or explode because of the buildup of pressure.
3. Bags of potato chips are pressurized to ensure a consistent internal environment in
which preservative chemicals, added during the manufacture of the chips can keep
them fresh. Placing the bags in the freezer causes a reduction in pressure.

4. Most propane tanks are made according to strict regulations and so are generally safe
but it is not entirely inconceivable that an extremely hot summer day could cause a
defected tank to burst. The increase in temperature could lead to an increase in
pressure, which in turn could lead to an explosion.

5. Pressure cooker is an example of Gay Lussac's law as the temperature increases causing
the pressure to increase above the food that's being cooked which makes it faster to be
cooked.

Nothing is true Everything is

Permitted