PEREZ, IVY R.

N046- PRE-CALCULUS DECEMBER 11, 2020

MODULE 7.3: APPLICATIONS OF POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

ASSESSMENT NO.3
Instructions: Solve the following questions as required. Make sure to have an illustration or figure as
reference to the problem if needed.
1. A baseball is hit at a point 1 meter above the ground at a velocity of 30 meters per second at an angle of
30° with respect to the ground. The path of the baseball is given by the function 𝑓(𝑡) = 1 + 15𝑡 – 4.9𝑡 2
where 𝑓(𝑡) is the height of the baseball (in meters) and t is time (in seconds).
a. Find the time it takes the baseball to reach the maximum height.
The group of 𝑓(𝑡) as a function of time gives a downward parabolic shape and the
maximum height (ℎ) occur at the vertex of the parabola. For a quadratic function at the form
𝑏
𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑎𝑡 2 + 𝑏𝑡 + 𝑐, the vertex (𝑡, ℎ) is located at 𝑡 = − .
2𝑎
𝑓(𝑡) = – 4.9𝑡 2 + 15𝑡 + 1 𝑎 = −4.9; 𝑏 = 15; 𝑐 = 1
𝑏 15 15
𝑡=− =− = −( ) = 1.53 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
2𝑎 2(−4.9) −9.8
The time it takes the baseball to reach the maximum height is 1.53 seconds
b. Find the maximum height of the baseball.
The height 𝑓(𝑡) given above is a quadratic equation. The group of 𝑓(𝑡) as a function of
time gives a downward parabolic shape and the maximum height (ℎ) occur at the vertex of the
parabola. For a quadratic function at the form 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑎𝑡 2 + 𝑏𝑡 + 𝑐, the vertex (𝑡, ℎ) is located
𝑏2
at ℎ = 𝑐 − .
4𝑎
𝑓(𝑡) = – 4.9𝑡 2 + 15𝑡 + 1 𝑎 = −4.9; 𝑏 = 15; 𝑐 = 1
𝑏 2 (15) 2 225
ℎ=𝑐− = 1− = 1 −( ) = 1 + 11.48 = 12.48 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
4𝑎 4(−4.9) −19.6
The maximum height of the baseball in 1.53 seconds is 12.48 meters.

𝑓(𝑡) = 1 + 15𝑡 – 4.9𝑡 2

DOMAIN: {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
𝑥 0 1 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 2 3
𝑓(𝑡) 1 11.1 𝟏𝟐. 𝟒𝟖 11.4 1.9

14
(1.53, 12.48)
12

10
height( m)

0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
time (s)

The vertex is (1.53, 12.48) and the axis of symmetry is 𝑥 = 12.48

 PEREZ, IVY R. N046- PRE-CALCULUS DECEMBER 11, 2020

2. Find the dimension of the rectangular corral producing the greatest enclosed area given 200 meters of
fencing.
Suppose the perimeter of a rectangle is 2L+2W which make 200 meters is the perimeter. The
dimension of the rectangular corral producing the greatest enclosed area occurs at the vertex of the
parabola.
Let 𝑥 and 𝑦 be the dimensions,
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 2L+2W
2𝐿 + 2𝑊 = 200 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
2𝑊 = 200 − 2𝐿
2𝑊 200−2𝐿
=
2 2
𝑊 = 100 − 𝐿
Suppose an area of a rectangle= 𝐿𝑊, substitute the value of W to the formula,
𝐴 = 𝐿𝑊
𝐴 = 𝐿(100 − 𝐿)
𝐴 = −𝐿2 + 100𝐿 The equation gives the parabola a downward shape.

The area 𝐴 given above is a quadratic equation. The group of 𝑓(𝐿) as a function of length
(𝐿) gives a downward parabolic shape and the maximum dimension that occur at the vertex of
the parabola. For a quadratic function at the form 𝐴 = −𝐿2 + 100𝐿, the vertex is located at
𝑏
𝐿=− .
2𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝐿2 + 100𝐿 𝑎 = −1; 𝑏 = 100; 𝑐 = 0
𝑏 100 100
𝐿=− =− = −( ) = 50 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
2𝑎 2(−1) −2
Substitute the values of L to the original equation to find width:
𝑊 = 100 − 𝐿
𝑊 = 100 − 50
𝑊 = 50 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
The dimensions of the rectangular corral producing the greatest enclosed area given 200
meters of fencing are 50 meters for length and 50 meters for width.
𝐴 = −𝐿2 + 100𝐿
DOMAIN: {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
𝑥 30 40 𝟓𝟎 60 70
𝑓(𝑡) 2100 2400 2500 2400 2100
2550
2500 (50, 2500)
2450
2400
2350
Area (A)

2300
2250
2200
2150
2100
2050
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Length (L)

The vertex is (50, 2500) and the axis of symmetry is 𝑥 = 2500

 PEREZ, IVY R. N046- PRE-CALCULUS DECEMBER 11, 2020
3. Find the two integers whose difference is 12 and their product is the smallest.
Let one of the integers be 𝑥 and the other is 12+𝑥 for their difference is 12.
We have to minimize 𝑥(12 + 𝑥) through deriviation.
The value of 𝑥 for which 𝑃 = 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 is the minimum that can be found by solving
𝑃 ′ = 0 for 𝑥 and ensuring that 𝑃 ′′ (𝑥) is positive.
𝑃 = 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥
𝑃 ′ = 2𝑥 + 12 12+𝑥
2𝑥 + 12 = 0 12(−6) = 6
2𝑥 = −12 𝑥2 = 6
2𝑥 −12
=
2 2
𝑥1 = −6
At 𝑥 = −6, 𝑃 ′′ = 2 is positive this indicates that the minimum value is at 𝑥 = −6. This
interprets that the two integers are 𝑥 = −6 and 𝑥 = 6
4. A carpenter is fabricating roof gutter using a 12-inch width aluminum sheeting. The carpenter plans to
use siding folding press to create the gutter by folding equal lengths for the sidewalls as shown in the
figure. Let 𝑥 be the height of the sidewall.

a. If the length of the gutter is 16 feet, write a function that represents the volume of one run gutter
in terms of 𝑥.
Suppose a length of a gutter is 16ft, the width is 12 − 2𝑥 and the height is 12 for that is
the maximum value for the side walls, deriving an equation through the formula of a volume
should be look like this,
𝑉 (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑤ℎ
𝑉(𝑥) = 16(12 − 2𝑥)(12)
𝑉(𝑥) = 12(192𝑥 − 32𝑥)
𝑉(𝑥) = 2304𝑥 − 384𝑥 2 (𝑓𝑡 3 )
The equation gives the parabola a downward shape.

b. Find the height of the sidewall that will produce a maximum volume.
Suppose the value of 𝑉 (𝑥) = 2304𝑥 − 384𝑥 2 (𝑓𝑡 3 ) should not be equal to 0, therefore,
the domain is {𝑥|0 < 𝑥 < 6}.

DOMAIN: {𝑥|0 < 𝑥 < 6}

𝒙 𝑽(𝒙)
𝑉 (𝑥) = 2304𝑥 − 384𝑥 2 0𝑓𝑡 0
𝑓 (0) = 2304(0) − 384 (0) 2 = 0 1𝑓𝑡 1920
𝑓 (1) = 2304(1) − 384 (1) 2 = 1920
𝑓 (2) = 2304(2) − 384 (2) 2 = 3072 2𝑓𝑡 3072
𝑓 (3) = 2304(3) − 384 (3) 2 = 3456 3𝑓𝑡 3456 MAXIMUM VALUE
𝑓 (4) = 2304(4) − 384 (4) 2 = 3072
𝑓 (5) = 2304(5) − 384 (5) 2 = 1920 4𝑓𝑡 3072
𝑓 (6) = 2304(6) − 384 (6) 2 = 0 5𝑓𝑡 1920
6𝑓𝑡 0

The 3ft is the value of height that can produce a maximum volume of 3456𝑓𝑡 3.
 PEREZ, IVY R. N046- PRE-CALCULUS DECEMBER 11, 2020

5. A rectangle is twice as long as it is wide. Squares of side 2 feet are cut out from each corner. Then the
sides are folded up to make an open box. Express the volume of the box as a function of the width (𝑥).
Given:
A rectangle is twice as long as it’s wide
Squares of the side is 2 ft that are cut from each corner
Illustration:
2 2
2 2

𝑤 − (2)(2)

2 2
2 2𝑤 − (2)(2) 2

Solution:
Suppose the squares of the sides that are cut is 2ft, therefore, 2𝑤 − 4 for the length of the
rectangle and 𝑤 − 2 for the width of the rectangle and 2 for the height,
𝑉(𝑤) = 𝑙𝑤ℎ
𝑉 (2) = (2𝑤 − 4)(𝑤 − 4)(2)
𝑉 (𝑥) = (2𝑤 2 − 8𝑤 − 4𝑤 + 16) 2
𝑉 (𝑥) = (2𝑤 2 − 12𝑤 + 16)2
𝑉(𝑥) = 4𝑤 2 − 24𝑤 + 32

6. A cube has an edge of 3 feet. The edge is increasing at the rate of 2 feet per minute. Express the volume
of the cube as a function of m, the number of minutes elapsed.
Suppose the volume of cube is sides cube, then that makes a cube that is increasing at the
rate of 2 ft per minute we can express it by deriving an equation through the formula of a volume
that should be look like this,
Given:
𝑠 = 3𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑚 = 𝑉(𝑚)
2𝑓𝑡/𝑚𝑖𝑛= increasing rate of the cube
Illustration:

Solution:
Suppose the cube has a side of 3 ft and every minute the cube is increasing at a
rate of 2ft per minute. To express the volume of the cube as a function of m,
𝑉 (𝑚 ) = (3 + 2𝑚 ) 3 Where; 𝑚 = the number of minutes elapsed
 PEREZ, IVY R. N046- PRE-CALCULUS DECEMBER 11, 2020
3 2
7. The volume of the cylinder is expressed as 𝑉(𝑥) = 𝜋(25𝑥 − 65𝑥 – 29𝑥 – 3) and the radius is
5𝑥 + 1. Find the height of the cylinder.
Consider the information of the problem;
The volume of a cylinder is 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
𝑉 (𝑥) = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
𝜋(25𝑥 3 − 65𝑥 2 – 29𝑥 – 3) = 𝜋 (5𝑥 + 1) 2ℎ
𝜋(25𝑥 3 − 65𝑥 2 – 29𝑥 – 3) 𝜋 (25𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 1)ℎ
=
(𝜋)25𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 1 (𝜋)25𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 1
3 2
25𝑥 − 65𝑥 – 29𝑥 – 3
=ℎ
25𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 1
25𝑥 3 − 65𝑥 2 – 29𝑥 – 3
=ℎ
(5𝑥 + 1) 2
Divide using synthetic Division:
𝒙 − 𝟑

25𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 1 25𝑥 3 − 65𝑥 2 – 29𝑥 – 3

25𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 2 + 𝑥
−75𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 − 3
−75𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 − 3
0
ℎ = 𝑥 −3
The height of a cylinder is expressed as ℎ = 𝑥 − 3

8. The cost C (in million dollars) of removing p% of the industrial and municipal pollutants discharged into
a river is given by:
255𝑝
𝐶 = , 0 ≤ 𝑝 < 100
100 − 𝑝
a. Sketch the graph of the cost function.
6000

5000 95%
Cost (in million of dollars)

4000

3000

2000

75%
1000
80%
10% 40%

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage of pollutants removed
PEREZ, IVY R. N046- PRE-CALCULUS DECEMBER 11, 2020

b. Find the cost of removing 10%, 40% and 75% of the pollutants.
255𝑝 255(10) 2550
𝐶(10) = = = = 28.33 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠
100 − 𝑝 100 − (10) 90
255𝑝 255(40) 10200
𝐶(40) = = = = 170 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠
100 − 𝑝 100 − (40) 60
255𝑝 255(75) 19125
𝐶(75) = = = = 765 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠
100 − 𝑝 100 − (75) 25

c. Currently your law requires 80% removal of the pollutants. The new implemented law requires
you to remove 95% of the pollutants. How much will be the additional cost?
255𝑝 255(80) 20400
𝐶(80) = = = = 1.020 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠
100 − 𝑝 100 − (80) 20
255𝑝 255(95) 24225
𝐶(95) = = = = 4.845 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠
100 − 𝑝 100 − (95) 60
Suppose the new implemented law requires me to remove 95% of the pollutants from
80% removal of the pollutants, so the new law would require the industrial and municipal
pollutants to spend an additional:
𝐶 (95) − 𝐶(80)
4.845 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠 − 1.020 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 3.825 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠

The new law would require the industrial and municipal pollutants to spend an
additional 3.825 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑠.