General Format

1. Page Layout, Font and Margin:

 Lay out: Portrait
 Font: Times New Roman
 Top margin: 1 inch
 Bottom margin: 1inch
 Left margin: 1.5 inch
 Right margin: 0.75 inch
 Spacing of lines: 1.5
 Paragraph to paragraph: auto spacing
 Spacing between title and heading: 2 spacing
 Spacing before headings: one spacing
 Spacing before sub headings: no spacing

2. Cover (Black Hard) Page

(From top to bottom)

 Title: All bold capital, 20 pts, middle

 Logo of University, middle
 A Thesis or Project report submitted to……(14 pts.), middle
 Advisor, middle, 14 pts., bold
 Submitted by (names, and ERN), middle, 14 pts.
 Name of college, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pokhara University, 14
pts. , bold

3. Second Cover Page

Same contents of front cover page but in white paper

4. BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE/APPROVAL SHEET

1
  Title: All capital, bold, 14 pts., middle
 Content: 12 pts., justified margin

5. ACKNOLEDGE MENT
 Title: All capital bold, 14 pts., middle
 Content: 12 pts., justified margin
 Page no.: I

6. ABSTRACT
 Title: All capital bold, 14 pts., middle
 Content: 12 pts., justified margin
 Key words, maximum 6, italic bold, 10 pts
 Page no.: II

7. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Title: All capital bold, 14 pts., middle
 Content: 12 pts., justified margin ( S, No, and contents in left side, page no. in
right side, use…………in between)
 Page no.: IIII

8. LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND PHOTOS

 Title: All capital bold, 14 pts., middle
 Figures, tables and photos in middle with 12 points bold captions
 Captions for table in its top and for figures and photos bottom
 Spacing top and bottom: one spacing
 Page no.: IV

9. LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

 Title: All capital bold, 14 pts., middle
 Content: 12 pts., left margin

2
  Page no.: V

Format for Proposal Main Contents

A. Title: Bold, All Caps, 16 points, middle

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH DUCTILE MORTAR (HDM)

B. Headings: Bold, 14 points, justified margin

1. Introduction (or Background)

C. Sub Headings: Bold, 12 points justified

2. Methodology

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………….

2.1. Experimental procedure

D: Flow of Contents

 Title
 Introduction (Background)
 Necessity (Significance)
 Literature Review

3
  Objectives (Main and Specific objectives): Main objective: one sentence;
Specific objectives: maximum 3 points
 Scope
 Methodology (Procedure)
 Expected Result (Output)
 Significance of Expected Result
 Budget
 Schedule
 Conclusion
 References
 Annex (if any additional attachment)

Format for Report Main Contents

Note that the general format for both proposal and report is same. The only difference is that
the proposal is written in future tense (Some part of introduction and Literature review may
either be in past or present tense) and the report in past tense. Proposal includes mainly
predicted result, budget and schedule; however the report does not include budget and
schedule but mainly focuses on result output, its analysis and discussion, its implementation
and further work.

Flow of Contents:

 Title
 Introduction (Background)
 Necessity (Significance)
 Literature Review
 Objectives (Main and Specific objectives): Main objective: one sentence;
Specific objectives: maximum 3 points
 Scope and Limitation
 Methodology (Procedure)

4
 Result (Output)
 Analysis and Discussion
 Significance of result for Implementation
 Future Work (Recommendation)
 Conclusion
 References
 Annex (if any additional attachment)

Template for General Format

5
 THESIS, PROJECT I, PROJECT II OR FINAL
PROJECT TITLE (ALL CAPS 20 pt bold)

A thesis or Project Report (I, II or Final) submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements of Pokhara University for the degree of the Bachelor
(Master/Doctoral) of Engineering (14 pt.)

Advisor

--------------------------- (14 pt. bold)

By (14 pt. bold)

---------------------------------- (Reg no ) (12 pt.)
------------------------------------------- (Reg no )
------------------------------------------- (Reg no )
------------------------------------------- (Reg no )

(College’s Name)
Faculty of Science and Technology
Pokhara University

Date (14 pt. bold)

(Front hard cover)

6
 THESIS, PROJECT I, PROJECT II OR FINAL
PROJECT TITLE (ALL CAPS 24 pt)

A thesis or Project Report (I, II or Final) submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements of Pokhara University for the degree of the Bachelor
(Master/Doctoral) of Engineering

Advisor

---------------------------

By
------------------------------------------- (Reg no )
------------------------------------------- (Reg no )
------------------------------------------- (Reg no )
------------------------------------------- (Reg no )

(College’s Name)
Faculty of Science and Technology
Pokhara University

Date
(Second soft cover)

7
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE/APPROVAL SHEET (14 pts)

It is certified that this thesis/project (I, II or Final) titled

“---------------------------------------------------- (all caps & bold) ” is the bonafide work of Mr.
/Miss ----------------------------------, Mr. /Miss ----------------------------------, and Mr. /Miss
----------------------------------, -who carried out the research/project work under my
supervision. It is further certified that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein
doesn’t form part of any other thesis or dissertation or project on the basis of which a degree
or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

Dr./Er.______________________ Er.________________

External Examiners Supervisor

Affiliation Designation
Addresses Affiliation
Dr./Er.__________________

Head of Department
Affiliation

8
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to Professor/ Assoc. Professor/

Assistant Professor Dr./Er. _______________ of School Engineering, Faculty of Science
and Technology Pokhara University Lekhnath Kaski for his/her continuous guidance and
encouragement. It would have been impossible to accomplish this project without his/her
valuable suggestion.

We would like to express deepest thanks to Dean, Professor / Associate Professor /

Assistant Professor / Dr/Er._________________ Faculty of Science and Technology ,
Professor / Associate Professor / Assistant Professor Dr. /Er. _______________________
Director of School of Egineering and Professor / Associate Professor / Assistant Professor
Dr./Er. _________________Program Co-ordinator of _________________ program of
Pokhara University for giving me this opportunity.

We would like to express thanks to Professor / Associate Professor / Assistant Professor

Dr./Er._________________ , Faculty of Science and Technology for providing support
during the dissertation period.

We wish thanks to all my classmates and staff of _____________- who helped me to carry
out this project .

Name_______________________( Reg No)

Name_______________________( Reg No)

Name_______________________( Reg No)

Name_______________________( Reg No)

9
 ABSTRACT

(For Proposal)

With development of very thin and short fibers, like Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers [1],
many attempts have been made to develop High Ductile Mortar (HDM) and its applications
have also been widened in the world. Flexural strength and ductility of high ductile
paste/mortar greatly depends upon the dispersion and coating condition of such fibers inside
cement paste/mortar. Moreover, any occurrence of fiber flocks at any part inside the
paste/mortar easily reveals the negative result. This proposal proposes to carry out many
attempts for the dispersing of fibers and mixing method of fiber paste. Since PVA fibers have
more tensile strength than steel, it is expected that if thin and short fibers are uniformly
distributed and finely coated, it may give higher flexural strength and ductility than from
steel fiber reinforced concrete. If the expected result is prevailed, high ductile mortar will
replace steel fiber reinforced concrete enhancing flexural strength and ductility as well as
reducing the weight of structural element.

Keywords: Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers, High Ductile Mortar (HDM), Dispersion, Mixing,
fiber paste, Mortar mixer, Chopper mixer, Flexural Strength

(For Report)

With development of very thin and short fibers, like Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers [1],
many attempts have been made to develop High Ductile Mortar (HDM) and its applications
have also been widened in the world. Flexural strength and ductility of high ductile
paste/mortar greatly depends upon the dispersion and coating condition of such fibers inside
cement paste/mortar. Moreover, any occurrence of fiber flocks at any part inside the
paste/mortar easily reveals the negative result. This paper describes about many attempts for
the dispersing of fibers and mixing method of fiber paste. It was found from experimental

10
result that the dispersing effect of fibers were better in air pressure. The fiber paste mixed in
chopper mixer revealed 27% increase in flexural strength than that mixed in conventional
mortar mixer. In addition, use of pre-dispersed fibers in chopper mixer resulted in 34%
increase than that of mortar mixer. Moreover, compressive strengths of later two cases were
slightly increased in same range than that in mortar mixer. It was concluded from this
investigative work that the use of air for pre-dispersion of PVA fibers and the modification of
mortar mixer with concept of chopper may enhance the flexural strength of fiber paste.

Keywords: Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers, High Ductile Mortar (HDM), Dispersion, Mixing,
fiber paste, Mortar mixer, Chopper mixer, Flexural Strength

11
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........................................................................................I

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................II

TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................III

LIST OF FIGURES, PHOTOS AND TABLES...............................................V

ABBREVIATIONS ............................................………………………………………….VI

TITIE…………………………………………………………………………………………1

1. Introduction................................................................................................1
1.1. Development History of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
(SFRC) ...........................1
1.2 Existing Problems with SFRC.................................................................................1
1.2.1 Problems on Mixing………………….…….…………….…………...2
1.2.2 Rusting Problems……………………….….……………….…………4
1.3 Development of Thin, Short, and Light Fibers........................................................6

2. Significance of this Research (Work) .......................................................................7

3. Literature Review…………………….……………..……………………………….9

4. Objectives……………………………..……………………………………………..20

5. Scope and Limitation…………………...…………………..………………………21

12
6. Methodology………………………………...……..………………………………..22
6.1. Trials on Dispersion
Method…………………………………………………....23
6.1.1. Dispersion of PVA Fibers Using Air Pressure …………..…………...…24
6.1.2. Dispersion of PVA Fibers in ESG Mixer……………..………….……...25
6.2. Trials on Mixing Method…………………..
……………………………………27
6.2.1. Mixing in Mortar Mixer………………………..………………………...28
6.2.2. Mixing in Juice Mixer………………………………..…………………..29
6.2.3. Mixing in ESG Mixer…………………………………..………………..30

7. Expected Result (Result and Discussions)……………………………...……..…..35

8. Significant of Expected Result (Significant of Result) ……………..…………….37

9. Expected Budget (No)……………………..………………………………………..38

10. Schedule (No)……………………………………..…………………………………39

11. Conclusions……………...……………………..……………………………………40

12. (Further Research / Work)……………… ………………………………...….41

13. References………………………..………………………………………………….42

14. ANNEX………………………………..…………………………………...………..43

13
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure no. Title Page no.

1. Title of Figure 4

2. Title of Figure 4

(Note: title should be at bottom of figure in italics 10 pt. bold)

14
 LIST OF TABLES

Table no. Title Page no.

1. Title of Table 4

2. Title of Table 4

(Note: title should be top of table in italics 10 pt. bold)

15
 LIST OF PHOTOS

Photo no. Title Page no.

1. Title of Figure 4

2. Title of Figure 4

(Note: title should be at bottom of photo in italics 10 pt. bold)

If you consider photos also as figures, then you do not need this page. You can make
tabulation of figures and photos as figures in sequence, as given in template.

16
 LIST OF SYMBOL AND ABBREVIATION

Symbol and abbreviation Meaning

f ck - Characteristic strength of concrete

fy - Characteristic strength of steel

HDM - High Ductile Mortar

17
Template of Main Content

18
 DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH DUCTILE MORTAR (HDM)

1. Introduction

Concrete is very brittle material which is strong in compression but very weak in tension. In
order to overcome these problems of less tensile and ductility, steel reinforcement bars are
used in reinforced concrete structures. Other deficiencies of concrete are creep, shrinkage and
cracking problems.

With modernization on concrete design and construction work, many attempts have been
made and implemented to enhance the flexural strength and ductility of concrete with
addition of short fibers.

1.1. Development History of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)

Fiber reinforced cements and concrete are firmly established as construction materials. Since
the early 1960’s extensive research and developments have been carried out with FRC
materials leading to a wide range of practical applications [2]. Inter-relation of the structural
performance of FRC with material constituents, processing and mechanical properties is
shown in Fig. 1 [Victor C. Li, Michigan University]. As shown in figure, it can be checked
that the processing is one of the most important factors to create the action of coating,
dispersion, orientation and resulting in good quality. These are directly related to the
structural application of FRC through its mechanical properties.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------

19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------

 Increase of Fiber content

 Decrease of fiber diameter
Structural  Increase of the ratio of
Application length to diameter
of FRC  Decrease of aggregate content
 Decrease of W/C

Material Mechanical
constituents Properties

Fiber
Cement/Mortar/Concrete
Interface Processing
Toughness
Strength
}
............
reliability

Coating
Dispersion
Orientation
.........
Workability

Fig. 1 Chart for the evaluation of the structural application of FRC [Victor C. Li, Michigan
University]

2. Significance of Research (Work)

Recently many developments have been made to produce the synthetic fibers which give
more tensile strength and ductility in comparison to that of steel rods or
fibers.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------.

20
With development of such PVA fibers, many researches have been carried out to study the
mechanical behavior of hardened PVA fibers reinforced mortar depending upon types and
percentage of PVA fibers. However, any research works have not been noticed to investigate
the dispersing method of such thin and short fibers one by one inside the mortar and coating
firmly by mortar. This paper has attempted many trials to investigate the appropriate method
of dispersing and mixing of PVA reinforced cement paste to set the base for the development
of High Ductile Mortar (HDM) with significant high flexural strength and high ductility.

3. Literature Review

With regard to the production of FRC, many trials had been carried out, especially with the
timing of adding fiber materials when mixing and other materials as well. American Concrete
Institute had listed the following 5 methods of adding fiber materials in 1982 [3].

1) Feed the fibers with the aggregate and cement on the central conveyor belt.
2) Blend fibers and aggregate before charging into the mixer and then use standard mixing
procedure.
3) Blend fine and coarse aggregate. Add fibers to the mixer operating at mixing speed then
add water and cement.
4) Add fibers to previously charged aggregate as the water. Finally add cement and
remaining water.
5) Add fibers as the last step to mixed concrete.

However, American Concrete Institute, ACI 6.44-3R (1993), has indicated that fibers should
be added to a fluid mix, either as the last stage of mixing or added to the mixer with the
aggregates [4]. Both documents of ACI indicated that care should be taken to avoid fiber
balling. Many recommendations were made such as to avoid the clumps of fiber adding and
slow rate of adding to allow dispersion.

21
Bartos and Hoy [5, 6, 7] had studied about the effect of mixing procedure on the properties of
fiber reinforced concrete and specially with the feeding sequence of ingredients into the
mixer. Its methods and descriptions are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Method and descriptions of SFRC mixing methods

Method Description
no.

1 Coarse aggregates, cement, pfa and fines are layered in the mixer. The mixer is started
and the water and superplasticiser are added. After two minutes mixing fibers are
added and mixing continues for 30 seconds.

2 Mix coarse and fine aggregates, cement and half water for 1 minute, add remaining
water and mix for a further minute. Add fibers and mix for 30 seconds.

3 Mix fines, cement and half water for one minute, add remaining water and mix for
one minute. Add fibers and coarse aggregate and mix for a further 30 seconds.

4 Mix fine aggregate, fibers, cement and half water for one minute, add remaining water
and mix for one minute. Add coarse aggregate and mix for a further 30 seconds.

5 Mix the cement, water and super plasticizer for 90 seconds, and then add aggregates
and fibers. Mix for a further minute.

4. Objectives

This paper aims to investigate the appropriate method for dispersing and mixing of thin and
short PVA fibers inside cement paste in order to enhance the flexural strength of PVA fiber
cement paste. Its specific objectives are:

(1) To carryout different trials of dispersing methods and select the appropriate method
of dispersion for further trials of different mixing methods
(2) To carryout different trials of mixing methods and select the appropriate method of
mixing to analyze the mechanical behaviour of PVA fiber paste.

22
5. Scope of Research/Project

(Proposal)

In this research/project, only the relative study will be made with taking parameter of
different dispersion and mixing method. With only the selection of the most appropriate
dispersion and mixing method, further research/project work will be carried out to achieve
the targeted data for specific requirements of specified structural
elements.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------

Scope and Limitation of Research/Project

(Report)

In this research/project, only the relative study was made with taking parameter of different
dispersion and mixing method. No further attempt was made to achieve the targeted data for
specific requirements of specified structural
elements.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Methodology

(Note: future tense for proposal and past tense for report)

23
In this experimental investigation work, basic mix proportion of cement paste was kept
constant with water cement ratio as 0.4. RMS702 type PVA fiber, shown in Fig. 2, of its
diameter of 26 micron and 6mm length (thinnest and shortest) was used. It is resin bounded
type fiber. Its tensile strength is 1.6 GPa and modulus of elasticity as 39 GPa [1]. PVA fiber
content was used 2.0% by volume in all mixes. Investigative parameters were chosen as
dispersing and mixing methods.

Fig. 2 Type of PVA fiber used in experiment (RMS702)

6.1. Trials on Dispersion Method

Theoretical concept was made that if PVA fibers can be introduced inside to paste with
uniform distribution single by single and coated by paste firmly, it would have given higher
degree of flexural strength. Practical attempts were made with commercially available
apparatus and one developed prototype chopper mixer for the investigation. Using these
different dispersion methods, initial visual check was based only upon expertise’s naked eye
if all these thin and short PVA fibers, which were generally in accumulated in bulk volume,
might be separated in single form or not.

6.1.1. Dispersion of PVA Fibers with Air Pressure

In this method, PVA fibers were placed inside container and then air pressure was supplied to
disperse the fibers, as shown Fig. 3 (a). Since bulk volume of PVA fiber was large, charging
to the container was done part by part which took relatively long time for charging.
Dispersed condition of PVA fibers is shown in Fig. 3 (b).

24
 Fig. 3 Container used for dispersion of PVA fibers with air pressure and condition of
dispersed fibers

Initial result was found very satisfactory with the distribution condition in related with
separation of attached fibers with each other apart. However, with visual check judgment,
that practicable simulation is vitally important to balance the amount of pressure to disperse
the induced volume of PVA fibers. These dispersed fibers were used for mixing fiber paste.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------

7. Expected Result

(For Proposal)

It is expected that the adoption of the most appropriate dispersion and mixing method will
able to distribute the thin and short PVA fibers inside the mortar uniformly and each single
fiber will be well coated with fiber. It will enhance both flexural and ductility behavior of
PVA fiber reinforced mortar, which will be the main base for the development of HDM.

25
==================================================================
==================================================================
=============================

Result and Discussions

(For report)

In this inventive research work, the main focus was to increase the flexural strength of PVA
induced fiber paste by means of uniform distribution and well coating of each fiber with
paste. Two major parameters were chosen as dispersion method and mixing method.
Dispersion method was analyzed visually. PVA fibers dispersed with air pressure were found
the most effective and it was chosen as parameter for the mixing method. Other dispersion
methods were rejected. Conventional mixing method (mixing in mortar mixer) was
considered the base for comparison. Juice mixer and developed prototype chopper mixer
were used for mixing fiber paste in order to compare with conventional mixing method.
However, the fiber paste mixed in juice mixer was rejected for the strength test from the
visual check analysis. Therefore, fiber pastes mixed in chopper mixer, with and without pre-
dispersed fibers, were taken as two major parameters to compare the flexural and
compressive strengths with those of conventional mixing method.

Table 2 shows the result of 7 days flexural strength test.

Table 2 Seven days flexural strength of fiber paste mixed with different methods

Mixing Weight Density Average VC Flexura Flexural Averag VC Incremen

Method (gm) (gm/cm3) (%) l Load Strength e (MPa) (%) t (%)
(gm/cm3)
(MPa)
(kN)

471 1.84 39.5 9.3

Mortar 472 1.84 1.84 0.1 37.5 8.8 9.3 5.1 100

Mixer 472 1.84 41.5 9.7

26
 467 1.82 45.5 10.7

Chopper 467 1.82 1.82 0.0 53.5 12.5 11.8 8.3 127

467 1.82 51.5 12.1

471 1.84 54.5 12.8

Chopper 470 1.84 1.84 0.3 54.0 12.7 12.4 4.1 134
*

473 1.85 50.5 11.8

*Fibers were pre-dispersed by air pressure, VC: Variation coefficient

Average 7 days flexural strength of PVA fiber paste mixed with conventional method in
mortar mixer was obtained 9.3 MPa. This result clearly shows that the inclusion of PVA
fibers in cement paste increases the flexural strength. The PVA fiber paste mixed in chopper
mixer gave the flexural strength of 11.8 MPa, which was 27% more than that of conventional
mixing method. This result developed the conceptual idea that the knives used in chopper
mixer have more efficiency to disperse thin and short fibers within paste than that of the wing
of mortar mixer. Interestingly, PVA fiber paste mixed in chopper with use of pre-dispersed
fibers with air-pressure further increased the flexural strength to 12.4 MPa, which was 34%
more than that of conventional mixing method. This preliminary inventive research work
revealed the conclusion that the dispersion condition of PVA fibers is the main parameter to
enhance the flexural strength of fiber paste.

Table 3 shows the 7 days compressive strength results of respective fiber pastes.

7 days average compressive strength of the PVA fiber paste that mixed with conventional
mixing method was obtained 29.34 MPa. The paste mixed in chopper mixer gave 31.79 MPa,
which was only 8% more than that of conventional mixing method. Furthermore, pre-
dispersed PVA fibers with air-pressure used for mixing in chopper gave 32,65 MPa, which
was 11% more than that of conventional mixing method.

Analyzing both results of flexural and compressive strengths of PVA fiber paste, conclusion
can be made that inclusion of PVA fibers in paste enhances the flexural strength which is
greatly depended upon its dispersion condition inside paste.

27
Table 3 Seven days compressive strength of fiber paste mixed with different methods

Mixing Method Compressive Load Compressive Average VC (%) Increment

(kN) Strength (MPa) (MPa) (%)

453 28.31

511 31.94

Mortar Mixer 435 27.19 29.34 6.0 100

452 28.25

477 29.81

489 30.56

485 30.31

536 33.50

Chopper 469 29.31 31.79 7.0 108

490 30.63

507 31.69

565 35.31

502 31.38

525 32.81

Chopper* 489 30.56 32.65 4.4 111

530 33.13

538 33.63

550 34.38

8. Significant of Expected Result

(For proposal)

28
Since the tensile strength of PVA fiber is more than the steel fiber, it should be possible for
the development of HDM, which may give its flexural strength more than 12 MPa, the
minimum requirement for tunnel segment. If it reveals as expected, it will made possible to
replace steel fiber with PVA fibers which will simplify the production process of tunnel
segment and lighten the structure.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------

(For report)

Significant of Result

From the analysis of test results, achieved in this series of research, author is quite
pessimistic that HDM is possible to be used for the production of tunnel segment replacing
steel fiber. With this achievement, it will rationalize the production process of tunnel
segment in terms of simplifying mixing and casting process as well as lightening the
sructures.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------

9. Expected Budget

(No need for report)

Tentative budget required for this series of research/project is given in Table 4.

Table 4 Tentative budget for research/project

S.N Items Quantity Rate Total

29
 1 Cement 100 bags 1,000 100,000
2 Fine Aggregate 3 trucks 15,000 45,000
3 Coarse Aggregate 3 trucks 15,000 45,000
4 Chemical Admixtures 20 lire 1,000 20,000
5 Viscosity Agent 3 Kg 5,000 15,000
5 PVA Fibers 10 Kg 5,000 50,000
6 Dispersion equipment 100,000
7 Mixing equipment 150,000
Total 525,000
(Note: amount and rate are not realistic, but should present exact one while submitting the
proposal)

10. Schedule

Duration (Weeks)
Activity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Selection of field and topic
Prposal writing and defense
Approval of proposal
Collection of materials
Set up of Laboratory
Prelilimanyexperimental investigation
Prime experiments
Major tests
Report Writing
Report Submission
Report Amendment
Report Defense
Note: : Preparatory Work
: Actions

(Note: It is not required for report writing)

11.Conclusions

(For Proposal)

It is hypothetically predicted that if small an thin PVA fibers are uniformly distributed and
well coated by mortar, it should give better results than steel fiber reinforced concrete. If
expected result, in this preliminary experimental investigation, goes on positive direction,

30
then the continuation refined research may prevail that use of HDM in any structural element
not only enhance tensile, flexural and ductility of structural element, but it will whole
rationalize the overall production of precast products, like tunnel segments and other flexural
strength required products.

(For Report)

This preliminary inventive research work was carried out with the target of developing high
ductile mortar. The use of developed prototype chopper mixer for mixing PVA paste
increased flexural strength and compressive strength by 27% and 8% respectively. Use of
pre-dispersed PVA fibers for mixing in chopper mixer gave further increment by 34% and
11% respectively. The most important conclusion drawn from this research was that the
dispersing condition of each PVA fiber is vitally important to enhance the flexural behavior
of PVA fiber paste.

12.Further Research/Work

(No Need for Proposal)

This preliminary result showed that it is possible that if the appropriate method dispersion of
PVA fibers and mixing method is adopted with consideration of practical aspects in real side,
PVA plays the significant role for enhancing the flexural and ductility behaviour of structural
element. Define of HDM is still in immature level which should be made practical viable
with further more research works.

13. References

31
[1] Kurary, Fibers and Industrial Materials Division, “Characteristics of KURALONTM (PVA
fiber)”, http://www.kuraray.co.jp/en/.

[2] Barr, B.I.G., “Fiber Reinforced Concrete-Where do we go from here?”, Fiber Reinforced
Cement and Concrete, Proceedings of the fourth RILEM International Symposium, Edited by
R. N. Swamy, E&FN SPON, London, UK, pp. 3~11, July 20~23, 1992.

[3] ACI Committee 6.44, “State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, ACI 6.44.
IR, ACI, Detroit, pp.9, 1982.

[4] ACI Committee 6.44, “Guide for Specifying, Proportioning, Mixing, Placing, and
Finishing Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, ACI 6.44. 3R-93, ACI, Detroit, 1993.

[5] Bartos P.J.M., Hoy C.W., “Interaction of Particles in Fiber Reinforced Concrete”,
Proceedings of the International RILEM Conference on Production Methods and Workability
of Concrete, edited by P.J.M. Bartos, D.L. Marrs & D.J. Cleland, E&FN Spon, London, UK,
pp. 461~462, 1996.

[6] Hoy C.W., “Mixing and Mix Proportioning of Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, PhD Thesis,
University of Paisley, March 1998.

[7] Hoy C.W., and Bartos, P.J.M., “Mixing of Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, Presented at the
1997 Spring Convention, American Concrete Institute, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A., April
6~11, 1997.

14.Annex

Any additional supplementary data, figures, photos and drawings can be added here which
may fully support the main content of your research/project.

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 Students Project Proposal Evaluation Format

Evaluation Sheet

  1 2 3 4 5

Poor Fair Good Very Good Outstanding

Originality

Innovation

Technical merit

Communication and
Coherence

Literature and writing

Team Work

Others ……………

……………………………… ………………………………
………………
Name of External Examiners Signature Date
Affiliation:

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 Proposal Evaluation Processes
This is notifying to all students that the screening processes of proposal will be done as
follows.

o Evaluation firm will be filled and signed from each examiners

o There will be at least three examiners for each proposal
o If students group will be able to attain 3 average score out of five then only
proposal will be considered as approved
o Another proposal defense date will be published only for students groups who are
unable to defend their proposal
o Absentee group will be considered only if all members of group will able to produce
any valid documents like medical certificate signed from medical officer with
hospital stamp

Sample of Evaluation Sheet

 Weight. 1 2 3 4 5
Parameters Poor Fair Good Very Good Outstanding
Originality 1        
Innovation   2      
technical merit     3    
Presentation and
English       4  
Report         5
Group Work       4  
Others ……………     3    
Sum of Column 1 2 6 8 5
 Approve
Average 3.142857   d    

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 Students Project Work Logbook

Project Title :

Name of Team Leader :

Contact No. Department :
Date : Program:
From : To: Today’s Date:
Task Defined in Last Meeting

Status of Task Defined in Last Meeting

Relevant Outputs
Name of Supervisor
Signature Date
Task for Next 15 Days:

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Supervisor name: Signature:
S.No Students Name Signature

Final Year Student Project

Type of project:
Students are allowed to do
 Academic
 Industrial Problem solving
 Development of Prototype
 Research based projects as per their interest and market demand.
They should have clear objectives and methodology in their proposal .Four students
per group is allowed.

Students related Logistic:

 Available resources of laboratory can be used.

 Equipment required in future can be purchased by program if it has useful for
undergraduate students laboratory .Whatever the nature of project work
( Component level projects or data collection based project )
 Small funding must be supported by program (Maximum budget per group
10000NPR)/ on basic of supported documents
 .Final documentation and printing facilities will be provided by program or cost
of it will be reimbursed on the basis of true cost .
Supervision:
 Students can be either internal or external supervisor.

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 In case of internal supervisors, the faculty with Master’s degree or faculty who is
going to finish master in near future are only eligible for supervision.
 Those regular faculties are supposed to take 2 project loads.
 Remuneration will be as per rule of program.
 In case of external supervisor, professional engineer with at least 5 years
experiences or with master’s degree will be eligible and remuneration will be as
per rule.
 Also internal co-supervisor will be allocated in case of external supervision to
arrange logistic and remuneration of internal co-supervisor will be 1/10 of actual.

Role of Supervisor
 Students’ final proposal will be given to supervisor.
 He/she have rights to correct it.
 His/her role is give relevant material , data , monitoring ,evaluation

Work station
 For students who have fabrication type / laboratory based projects, they can issue
the components and other measuring devices from the laboratory without
affecting regular laboratory of program .
 Department must allocate work place ie space within dept .
 There must be one day off in timetable for project work

Evaluation Committee:
 Committee of all internal and external supervisors, experts and possible external
examiners have rights to evaluate project.

Midterm evaluate-on committee:

 It will be held on the mid of eight semester.
 One project group has at least three examiners including supervisor.

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 If any supervisor is absent or busy then he /she must provide marks for midterm
on the basis of progress.
 The weightage of midterm is 20% of total weightage.

Final evaluation and Dissertation Evaluation

 Each group has two examiner one is supervisor other will be external.
 Draft report will be send to external examiner one week before for final
presentation. Correction from supervisor/committee must be included in final
dissertation.
 Final presentation will be around 15 minute and 10 minute question-answer
session will be there. Mark distribution will be as follows
 30% mark will be given for presentation session,
 40% mark will be given by supervisor on the basis of technical
maturity of work
 10% for documentation of work.

Dissertation
Final Dissertation of students should have at least good flow of work and it should be
according to guidelines provided by program .Dissertation must include
 introduction
 literature review /appropriate theory/ mathematical modelling /
 methodology /
 Results relevant outputs (Pictures/CRO waveforms /Excel chart / etc.)
 Results and discussion / future work/ acknowledgements
 references

Plagiarism:

38
  Copying of other idea / thesis / book without citation as well as copying of
sentences or paragraph from other sources (like book, reports / thesis / papers
etc) is known as plagiarism.
 Students must rewrite sentences / paragraph in their own style.
 Also figure/ table must be reproduced .
 Plagiarism is strictly prohibited. If it was observed then necessary action will
be taken.

Guideline for thesis

 Department will provide guideline for thesis.

 Three copy must be submitted and those report will be placed on department
library / central library and supervisors for future references.

Role of Co-ordinator
 The major responsibility of co-coordinator are to allocate project supervisors
for all groups
 Coordinate with supervisor to finalize students proposal / arrange logistic for
students as well as external/ arrange midterm evaluation
 Develop guide lines for dissertation writing / arrange final evaluation / find
external examiners / etc

39
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