Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education - NCR

Division of City Schools – VALENZUELA CITY

The Sleeping Habits of Selected Grade 10 Students in Dalandanan National

High School and its Effect in their Academic Performance

This research is presented to the faculty and students of

DALANDANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

S. Y. 2019-2020

By:

Buena, Edmar D.

Casaclang, Benjamin S.

Domingo, Julian J.

Baluyot, Joselle S.

Bermas, Nicole M.

Dasmariñas, Daniella L.

Gayanes, Lovely M.

Submitted to:

CHEENEE D. GAHUMAN, LPT, MAED

Research Adviser
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Sleep is a state on which the body and mind of an individual is relatively inactive and its

muscles are relaxed. In human body, sleep aids with all the cognitive function such as:

memory, learning, decision making, and critical thinking. Each and every one of us are the

same, and we need the same things for survival. Sleep is one those important things. Sleeping

is an essential component of life. As time passes by, sleep becomes shorter and shorter and

this can be associated with lot problem. Having an unhealthy sleeping pattern affects your

well-being and our performance in our everyday life (Gupta 2014).

To thrive academically, students from preschool through college need to have energy,

the ability to focus, concentrate, retain information, and be creative problem solvers. Success

at school also requires students to control impulses and manage emotions and behavior to

keep on track. All of these skills depend heavily on healthy, consistent sleep. Furthermore,

Gupta stated that during adolescence, the body's circadian rhythm is reset, telling a teen to fall

asleep later at night and wake up later in the morning. Instead of feeling drowsy in the evening,

teenagers actually tend to become more alert and have a difficult time settling in to sleep. This

change in the circadian rhythm seems to be due to the fact that the brain hormone melatonin is

produced later at night in teens than it is for kids and adults. So, teenagers have a harder time

falling asleep. There is a lot of things affecting one’s sleep behavior. It might be their sleeping

patterns.

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 The good sleepers are taking eight or more hours of sleep while on the other hand, the

bad sleepers only take seven or less hours of sleep. According to Komaroff 2019 the average

hours of sleep of people over the age of 64 should have seven to eight hours of sleep and

seven to nine hours for ages 18 to 64, and kids should have nine or more hours of sleep.

We spend one third of our lives sleeping and again sleeping is one of the most

important thing in our lives. This serves us a natural way of regenerating our own energy.

Without sleep the mind and our body will not function really well. During sleep the body heals

itself, consolidates learning and memories, and restores it chemical balance (Pietrangelo &

Watson 2017). Even though it’s important, sleep is the first thing to get sacrificed or neglected

in order to finish our task. Nowadays many of us are not getting enough sleep or maybe

they’re not really sleeping at all. This is unfortunate because good sleep is just as vital to good

health as eating healthy foods or getting enough exercise.

There are so many things that demand more hours of our effort that’s why sometimes

we are forgetting about what are our body needs. Adequate amount of sleep is important for

one’s mental and physical health, for cognitive restitution, processing, learning and memory

consolidation. Sleep may be one of the most important factors for student success, many of us

nowadays are sacrificing sleep in order to work, study, play, socialize, or get our school

projects accomplished. Sleep affects almost every type of tissue and system in the body from

the brain, heart, and lungs to metabolism, immune function, mood, and disease resistance.

Research shows that a chronic lack of sleep, or getting poor quality sleep, increases the risk of

disorders including high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and

obesity (Bethesda 2019).

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 Having enough sleep can cause our body to function well and have more focus on the

things that we do. The amount of sleep that a student gets is one of the strongest predictors of

academic success. Sleep plays a key role in helping students fix and consolidate memories,

plus prevent decay of memories.  Without sleep, people work harder and but don’t do as well.

Sleeping benefits our body in so many different ways for example: it improves our memory.

Your mind is surprisingly busy while you snooze. During sleep you can strengthen memories

or practice things you learned while you are awake and it’s a process called consolidation

Even though you are not getting enough sleep you can still be healthy and avoid

getting sick or not having enough focus on what you are doing by taking a nap. Most students

don’t get a full night’s sleep every night, and naps help them make up the difference

(Sparacino 2019). We can all benefit from improving the quality of our sleep. For many of us, it

may simply be a case of making small lifestyle or attitude adjustments in order to help us sleep

better.  Up to one third of the population may suffer from insomnia or other sleep problems.

These can affect mood, energy and concentration levels, our relationships, and our ability to

stay awake and function at work during the day (Birmingham, 2016).

In today's fast-paced society, five or six hours of sleep may sound pretty good but in

reality, it is not, it could lead to chronic sleep deprivation and can cause greater dysfunction.

Yet, no matter how important sleep is, not everyone is able to have an adequate amount of

sleep and students are some of the individuals who are in great need of this however, not

everyone of us is getting it. Improving our sleeping habits is one of the key to get a nice and

high grades. Having a good and healthy sleeping habit will make you more productive that is

why some students who is having eight or more hours of sleep often getting good grades, and

can actively participate in class.

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Statement of the Problem

This study determines and assesses the level of participation of selected Grade 10

students of Dalandanan National High School to extra-curricular activities.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following sub-problems:

1. What are the sleeping habits of the student respondents?

2. What are the factors that affect their sleeping habit?

3. What is the possible impact of their sleeping habit to their academic performance?

4. How can their parents help them in dealing with this problem?

5. What intervention may be proposed to address this issue?

Scope and Delimitation

This study is concerned primarily to 100 selected grade 10 students of Dalandanan

National High School, excluding the researchers and the students of section Bonifacio. Survey

questionnaire will be used to acquire information that will help and used as basis for this study.

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Significance of the Study

The results of the study will be deemed beneficial to the following end-users:

Students. In this study, students become knowledgeable about how they are affected

by sleep deprivation in terms of academic performance. This helps them to prevent sleep

deprivation so they could study well.

Parents. This study will give information to the parents on how their child’s academic

performance is being affected by sleep deprivation since as said beforehand sleep deprivation

can cause huge consequences. In that way, they can offer help or they can guide their child

regarding his/her academic works done at home. By doing so, it might help their child to have

enough sleep.

Teachers and Administrators. This study explains to the teachers how sleep

deprivation affects the performance of the students at school. Hence, they can give extra

activities at school rather than giving them activities at home.

Researchers. This will help in demonstrating their ability in finding and gathering

data, and giving conclusions about the topic.

Future Researchers. This study benefits the future researchers in a way that this

becomes their guide or reference in conducting a new study related with this.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature and Studies

The focus of this chapter is to review the following literature that has already done in

this particular topic, and to gain more comprehensive knowledge about how does sleep

deprivation affects a student academic performance.

According to Peever (2015) sleeping is a vital biological activity gives individuals the

energy needed to perform even the simplest of tasks, such as walking, concentrating, and

conversing. Sleep serves to re-energize the body’s cells, clear waste from the brain, and

support learning and memory. It even plays vital roles in regulating mood and appetite.

Unfortunately, sleep is not prioritized in society, and often needs to be sacrificed by high

school students.

Moreover, Soliven (2016) stated that the quality of our sleep directly affects the quality

of our waking life, including our productivity, emotional balance, creativity, physical vitality, and

even our weight. Sleep is therefore an essential human need, not a luxury, because it is in this

state of rest that our brain oversees the great work of biological maintenance to keep our

bodies running in prime condition.

However, the study Persky (2018) says that most adolescents need about 9 hours of

sleep per night. Today, nearly two thirds of adolescents get under 8 hours of sleep, and two

fifths get under 6 hours of sleep per night. There are excessive demands placed on teenagers,

which prevent them from receiving the required amount of sleep that they desperately need.

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Often, high school students stay up until the wee hours to study. Time after time, students

push academic requirements to the end of their schedule because of extracurricular activities

such as school clubs, sports practices, music rehearsals, or work.

Dimitriou (2016) added that many adolescents get less sleep than the average

recommended level - around nine hours for this group. But due to school commitments,

teenagers are required to wake up early at a set time even if they have not achieved the

optimal number of hours of sleep. Along with these early start times, teenagers also

experience pubertal phase delay - meaning pubertal teenagers will sleep even less due to

biological factors. Combined with late-night activities, this can have a significant negative effect

on the quality of sleep and therefore their behavior during the day.

Academics, health, and safety are fundamental parts of a teenager’s life. Schools are

putting all of these vital components at risk. Sleep deprivation leads to poor academic

performance. High school students are under much more pressure than previous generations

of students, and don’t have enough time for both their schoolwork, extracurricular activities,

and sleep. High schools make students wake up before sunrise, which undeniably inhibits

one’s chances for success. When teenagers are sleep deprived, they have trouble

comprehending information, focusing, and staying alert stated by Morgan (2017).

According to Okano (2019) female students tend to experience better quality sleep and

with more consistency than male students. In addition, this study found that males required a

longer and more regular daily sleep schedule in order to get good quality sleep.

Starc (2019) claimed that lack of sleep affects various aspects of high school students’

lives. Teenagers who suffer from sleep deprivation are more likely to get poor grades, sleep

7
during the classes, remain absent from school, and negate the hours of sleep which were lost

due to studying. Such students are often reported as being moody and have less patience

level. These students are more anxious than others and are likely to suffer from depression.

Moreover, Leodinas (2012) stated that every student should have about eight to ten

hours of sleep before taking and examination to have a better performance and adding a nap

in the afternoon will also help in improving your memory. The more we study the effects of

sleep loss, the more we could find the importance of a good sleep resulting to achieve better

memory and improved learning. Sleep loss means mind loss. It binds learning in many ways. It

reduces critical thinking, messes up memory and mood, retards reasoning, and shutters

quantitative skills.

According to Segaren (2018) the circadian clock, commonly known as the body clock,

was almost three hours later in students with irregular sleeping patterns, for the students

whose sleep and wake times were inconsistent. The circadian clock is sensitive and takes time

to adjust to changes in schedule. This is what causes jet lag and difficulties in adjusting to a

new bed time.

Lucasz and Rodoslawa Krzywoszanski (2019) claimed that regularizing sleep-wake

schedules in students with irregular sleep schedules and excessive daytime sleepiness

resulted in increased sleep efficiency and improved alertness compared to the control group.

The lack of a regular sleep-wake schedule requires more attentional control and effort to

regulate sleep behavior, which may be difficult, especially in the evening when self-regulatory

resources are exhausted.

8
 Gaultney (2010) stated that the impact of sleep loss on academic performance might be

subtle. Students who are chronically sleepy may limit their future options by choosing easier

courses while in college. Sleepiness among students is simply due to insufficient sleep or

whether it might be secondary to an undiagnosed sleep disorder. Although reported sleep

disorders in adults tend to increase with age, they may also occur among students frequently

enough to warrant screening this population. In addition, sleep patterns or disorders among

students may vary by gender or race/cultural affiliation.

In addition, Ming & Koransky (2011) explained that the exact consequences of sleep

problems are difficult to quantify. It is now widely accepted that sleep deprivation is associated

with reduced alertness and poor performance, and these effects are exacerbated by a

superimposed circadian disadvantage. Those students who did not make up for their weekday

sleep loss on weekends, or who had one or more sleep health problems, tend to have a poorer

school performance.

Meredith (2016) stated that the consequences of sleep deprivation and daytime

sleepiness are especially problematic to students and can result in lower grade point averages,

increased risk of academic failure, compromised learning and impaired mood. Students who

slept for more hours had higher grade point averages than shorter sleepers. Students with

sleep disorders probably do not achieve optimal academic performance, and up to 27 percent

of students may be at risk for at least one sleep disorder.

Morgenthaler (2014) claimed that even though some people may feel rested with a few

hours of sleep per night, studies show that reduced hours of sleep is associated with low

performance on complex mental tasks. Performance on complex tasks is important due to the

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critical thinking atmosphere encouraged by the academic environment. Sleep deprived teens

are not only affecting their capacity for critical thinking, those who do not meet sleep

requirements also have a higher risk of mortality.

According to Nicholls (2018) insufficient sleep results in reduced attention and impaired

memory, hindering student progress and lowering grades. More alarmingly, sleep deprivation

is likely to lead to mood and emotional problems, increasing the risk of mental illness. Chronic

sleep deprivation is also a major risk factor for obesity, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension,

cardiovascular disease and cancer. 

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Definition of Terms

For a better understanding of the presentation in this study, the following terms are

conceptually and operationally defined:

Academic Performance - Represents performance outcomes that indicate the extent to which

a person has accomplished specific goals that were the focus of activities in instructional

environments, specifically in school, college, and university

Adolescence - a stage of development prior to maturity

Adequate - as much or as good as necessary for some requirement or purpose; fully

sufficient, suitable, or fit

Circadian Rhythm - is a roughly 24 hours cycle in the physiological processes of living

beings,

Melatonin - Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep–wake cycle. It is primarily

released by the pineal gland.

Sleep Deprivation - also known as insufficient sleep or sleeplessness, is the condition of not

having enough sleep.

Sleeping Habits - the behavior pertaining to time to bed, time to rise, drinking coffee at night

and duration of night sleep.

Sleeping Patterns - also referred to as sleep-wake pattern, is a biological rhythm that guides

the body as to when it should sleep

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Birmingham, J. (September 19, 2016). The importance of sleep. Retrieved from

https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/blog/importance-sleep

Cameron, W. & Steven, G. (2010). Sleep Quality and Academic Performance in University

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sleep-are-enough/faq-20057898.

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affect-grades

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The Sleeping Habits of Selected Grade 10 Students in Dalandanan National

High School and its Effect in their Academic Performance

Survey Questionnaire

Name (optional): ____________________ Grade and Section: ____________________

Directions: put a check (✓) in the blank of your corresponding answer.

1. Do you stay up late at night?

____ Yes

____ No

2. What time do you sleep?

____ 7 – 8 P.M.

____ 8 – 9 P.M.

____ 9 – 10 P.M.

____ 10 – 11 P.M.

____ 11 – 12 P.M.

3. When do you stay up late at night?

____ During weekdays

____ During weekends

____ The whole week

____ Never

4. What’s your average hours of sleep?

____ Less than or equal to 6 hours

____ 7 hours

____ 8 hours or more

5. Do your parents know that you’re staying up late at night?

____ Yes

____ No

____ Sometimes they caught me

6. Why do you stay up late at night?

____ I'm doing my homework/projects

____ I'm talking with someone

____ I'm using some social media platforms

____ I'm playing online games

____ We have a family problem

7. How does your parents react about it?

____ They scold me

____ They just ignore me

____ They take away my phone and give it in the morning

Others please specify:

8. What do you feel if lack sleep?

____ I feel dizzy

____ I feel sleepy

____ none

Others please specify:

9. How does it affect you in school?

____ I become absent-minded

____ I cannot participate in the class

____ I sleep in class

____ I cannot finish my tasks on time

____ None
Others please specify:

10. How much time do you allot in studying?

____ Less than 1 hour

____ 1 – 2 hours

____ 2 – 3 hours

____ 3 – 4 hours

____ 4 hours or more

____ Not at all