Class Name: Hydraulics Lab

Class Number: CEE312

Report Title: Reynolds number

Name: Qusai Alsaadat

ID: 20171205043

Section: 2

Date: 29/03/2020 Sunday

Introduction:
Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to help predict flow patterns in
different fluid flow situation (laminar, turbulent, transitional). As the picture show the main
flow patterns. In this experiment we observed the link between the flow types and their
Reynolds number. The importance behind this number stands when we want to know the lost
energy during water transfer.

Re > 4000

4000 > Re > 2000

Re < 2000

Objectives:

 To observe the laminar, transition and turbulent regimes and associate them with their
corresponding Reynolds Number.
 To observe the velocity profile.

Tools and apparatus:

 Hydraulic Bench.
 Osborne Reynolds demonstration.
 Coloring matter.
And the apparatus is made from the following
parts;
 Tank for including ink.
 Coloring liquid injection valve.
 Screw.
 Injector.
 Nozzle visualization tube.
 Pebbles.
 Flow control valve.
 Inlet pipe.
 Overflow outlet pipe.
 Overflow.
Procedure:
1. The tank was filled with approximately 100 mi of water and add 15 ml of coloring matter
(15%dye 85%water)
2. The feed pipe of Reynolds apparatus to the hydraulic Bench. The discharge and drainage
holes were placed in the bench's spillway.
3. The injector was putted down, by means of the screw until placing it on the inlet nozzle
to the now visualization tube.
4. The flow control valve was closed.
5. The pump was started, and the tank was filled until the overflow level afterwards close
the Hydraulic Bench or hydraulic group completely to avoid the return of the water and
stop the pump.
6. The now control valve was opened and closed several times to purge the visualization
tube.
7. The liquid in the apparatus was waited until it is steady for some time, before going on
with the experiment
8. The pump was started, and the control valve was opened of the bench or of the group
carefully until the water comes out for the overflow.
9. The control valve was opened partially and when a constant level is achieved inside the
cylinder (that exceeds the nozzle and the injector), the coloring matter injection valve
was opened little by little until getting a slow current with the coloring matter and that
NOTE The ink must go out very slowly dragged by the water current .
10. The flow was varied with the control valve until you can visualize along the tube the
parallel line e inside the flow visualization tube (laminar regime).
11. By increasing the flow, the control valve was opened progressively, and the flow control
valve was opened of the Bench at same time to compensate the flow drop due to the
now control valve so the alterations in the ink could be observed. it will begin to
oscillate (transition regime), until finally the ink is dispersed completely in the water
(turbulence regime).
12. The flow was measured and written down of each regime.
Data, data analysis and calculations:

Data acquired from the lab:

 Inner diameter of the glass tube = 0.01 meter.

 Area = 7.854 * 10-5
 Temperature = 24 Celsius (room temperature).

Trial Volume (m3) time (s) observed type of

No. flow
1 0.0002 18.59 laminar
2 0.0001 9.15 laminar
3 0.0001 5.31 transition
4 0.0002 5.85 turbulent
5 0.0002 4.44 turbulent
6 0.0002 3.84 turbulent
7 0.0002 1.22 turbulent

Data acquired from calculations:

trial volume Flow Velocity

no. 3
(m ) time (s) (m /s)*10-6
3 (m/s) Reynolds number flow type
1 0.0002 18.59 1.07585E-05 0.136981152 1539.11407 laminar
2 0.0001 9.15 1.0929E-05 0.139151892 1563.504402 laminar
3 0.0001 5.31 1.88324E-05 0.239781508 2694.174252 transition
4 0.0002 5.85 3.4188E-05 0.435295661 4890.962488 turbulent
5 0.0002 4.44 4.5045E-05 0.573531446 6444.173548 turbulent
6 0.0002 3.84 5.20833E-05 0.663145734 7451.075665 turbulent
7 0.0002 1.22 0.000163934 2.087278376 23452.56603 turbulent
 relation between REynolds number and velocity
25000

20000
Reynolds number

15000

10000

5000

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
velocity

relation between reynolds number and flow

7000

6000

5000
Reynolds number

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 0.00001 0.00002 0.00003 0.00004 0.00005
flow
Discussion:
o Velocity profile inside a tube:

o Errors in this experiment are more due to human error, such as when taking the time
readings (Inaccuracy) and the volume reading (not reading with eye level) or not seeing the
dye in good way which a wrong flow type might be determined.

o From our observations and equations, it is clear that if we fix every parameter and change
the flow Reynolds number will change too, so if we increase the flow, Reynolds number
will increase to.
o The data we obtained show after calculating Reynolds number that it is consistent as
every flow type was relevant to its Reynolds number value.
o If we want to obtain a homogenous fluid the turbulent flow would be the best since it will
provide the best mixing and spread of the material in the fluid ( example : when we want
to put sugar in our tee we make a turbulent flow with a spoon to provide the mixing
needed ) .
o As for the parabolic shape of the velocity is due to the no slip condition that makes the
velocity near the pipe surface equals to zero and the velocity increases to the maximum in
the center which gives the profile this shape >

Conclusion:
I understood after The-Reynolds Experiment why Reynolds number is a reflection of
when the flow becomes laminar, transition and turbulent and its applications and
parameters.

References:
https://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/math/MEK4450/h11/undervisningsmate
riale/modul-5/Pipeflow_intro.pdf