CHEMISTRYTOPI

CALREVI
SIONQUEST
IONS
In
tro
duct
iont
ochemi
st
ry
1. Wood
enspl
in
tsFandGwerep
lac
edindi
ff
er
entz
oneso
faBu
nsenbur
nerf
l
ame
.
Th
ediag
rambel
owg i
vest
heo
bser
vat
io
nstha
twerema
de
Burntp
art
s
Bur
ntpa
rt

G
F
(
a)Ex
plai
nthedi
ff
ere
ncebet
we e
nFa ndG
(
b)Namethety
peoffl
amethatwasus
edintheabo
veex
per
iment
2. T
hediag
ramsbel
owrepre
sentali
sto
fappar
atuswhi
cha
recommonl
yuse
dinac
hemi
st
ryl
abo
rat
ory
:-

A B C D E

(
a)Gi
veth
ecorr
ecto
rderoft
heapp
ara
tus
,usi
ngth
elet
ter
sonly
,tos
howthecor
rec
tar
ran
geme
nt
th
atcanbeus
edtopre
p a
rea
ndinv
est
iga
tet
henat
ureofPHofasamp
leofo
nionso
lut
io
n
(
b)Nameonech
emical
subst
anc
eandappa
rat
ust
hati
sneededi
nthi
sexp
eri
ment

3. (
a)Whentheai
r-
hol
eisful
lyope
ned,t
hebunse
nb u
rnerp
rodu
cesanon
-l
uminou
sfl
ame
.
Ex
plai
n
(
b)Dr
awal ab
ell
eddi
agramofanon
-l
uminou
sfla
me
4. (
a)Whati
sad r
ug?
(
b)Gi
vetwodrugst
hatar
ec o
mmo nl
yabu
sedbytheyout
h.
5. T
hedi
agrambelowshowsthr
eemetho
dsf
orcoll
ect
ingga
sesi
nthel
abor
ato
ry

(
a)Namet
hemet
hodsAan
dB
(
b)Fr
omtheme
thod
sabo
ve,i
den
ti
fyo
net
hati
ssu
it
abl
efo
rco
ll
ect
in
gsu
lph
ur(
IV)o
xid
e.
Expl
ai
n

6. Ami
xt
ureo
fhe
xan
ean
dwa
terwa
ssh
ake
nan
dle
ftt
ose
par
atea
ssh
owni
nth
edi
agr
amb
elo
w:

F
ORMARKI
NGSCHEMESCAL
LTEXT0724351706
 P

Sta
tet
heide
nti
tyof
;
(i
)P………………………………. .…….. (
ii
)W…………………………………. ….
7. Thedi
agr
amsbelo
wa r
eso
mec o
mmonlab
ora
tor
yap
par
atu
s.Na
meea
cha
ppa
rat
usa
nd
st
atei
tsus
e

Di
agr
am Na
me Us
e

(
½mk) (
½mk
)

(
½mk
) (
½mk
)

8. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wsh
owss
omep
art
sofaBu
nse
nbu
rne
r

U
Ex
plai
nhowthepart
sla
bel
l
edTandUa r
esui
tedt
othei
rfun
cti
ons
9. Th
ed i
agr
amb e
lowshowst
heapp
eara
nceoft
wopiece
sofpape
rpl
a c
edind
if
fe
ren
tpar
tso
fa
non-
lu
minou
sflameofaBuns
enbur
nerandr
emovedqui
ckl
ybef
orethe
yca
ughtf
ir
e.

(
a)Whatd
otheexp
eri
ment
ssho
wabou
ttheout
erre
gio
nofthef
l
ame?
(
b)Fr
omthea
b o
veexpe
ri
ment
,whi
chp
artoft
hefl
ameisb
ett
ert
ous
eforh
eat
in
g?Gi
vear
eas
on

2
10. Acry
sta
l o
fcopper(II)sul
phat
ewa splac
edinab e
akero
fwater.T
h ebeak
erwasl
ef
tst
and
ingf
or
twodayswit
houts haki
ng.Sta
tea n
de xp
lai
ntheobse
rva
ti
onsthatweremade.
11. St
udytheinf
ormationintheta
blebelowandanswerque
sti
onsthatfol
l
ow.
(
Let
te
rsgive
na r
en o tr
ealsy
mb ols
)
Io ns Elect
ronarr
ang
e ment Ioni
cr ad
ius(
nm)
+
A 2.8 0.95
B+ 2.8.
8 0.133
2+
C 2.8 0.065

Expl
ai
nwhythei
oni
cradi
usof:-
()B+i
a sg
rea
tert
hant
hatofA+
(
b)C2+i
ssma
ll
ert
hant
h fA+
eo

Si
mpl
ecl
ass
if
ic
ati
ono
fsu
bst
anc
es
1. T
hedia
grambel
owsho
wst
heh
eat
in
gcu
rveo
fap
ures
ubs
tan
ce.
Stu
dyi
tan
dan
swe
rth
e
que
sti
onst
hatf
ol
lo
w:

444 D Z
e(C)
o
r

Y
rt
au

B
e

115
mp

C
X
e
T

A
T
ime
(a)Wh
a tp
hysi
cal
cha
n g
esar
eta
kin
gplac
eatpo
int
sXandZ?
(
b)Ex
pla
inwhathap
penst
othemel
ti
ngpoi
nto
fsodi
umchl
ori
dead
dedt
oth
iss
ubs
tan
ce

2. (
a)Sta
tetwodi
ff
eren
ce sbet
weenlu
minousfl
ameandnon
-lu
min o
u sf
lame
(
b)Iti
sadvi
sab
letosetaBun s
enburn
ertolu
minou
sfl
amep r
iortoanexp
eri
men
t.
Ex
plai
n
3. T
hep a
perchr
omatogr
a ph
yo fapl
antex
tr
actgav
ethef
ol
lowi
ngr e
s ul
ts
:

So
lve
nt Nu
mbe
rofs
pot
s
X 6
Y 2
Z 3

(a)Wh i
chi sthemo stsui
tabl
esolv
en tforpuri
fy
ingtheextra
ct?Expl
ai
n
(b )Bal
lp e
nc annotb eusedtomarks ol
v e
ntfronti
nthea bov
ec hr
omatogr
aph
y.Expl
ai
n
4. Na methep rocesswh i
chtake
sp l
acewh e n:
(a)So l
idCa r
bo n(Iv
)Ox i
de(dryic
e)c hangesdir
e c
tl
yintogas
(b)Aredl i
tmusp apertur
nswh i
tewh end roppe
di nt
ochlori
newa t
er
(c)Propeneg a
smo l
ecule
sa r
econvertedintoagiantmolecul
e
5. As ampleo fcopperturni
ngswasfoun dtob econta
minat
e dwithcopp
er(I
I)ox
ide
.Descr
ibe
howas a mp l
eof coppermeta
l c
anb esep a
rate
dfromt h
emi xt
u r
e
6. Co ppe
r(II)oxideandc har
coalar
eb l
a cksoli
ds.Howwo uldyoud i
st
ingu
ishbe
tweent
he
t
wos ol
ids?
7. a)Wh atischroma to
g r
aphy?

3
 b)Gi
vetwoappl
i
cat
ion
sofchr
omat
ogr
aphy
8. Thet
woe l
ement
sPandRwerese
par
ate
lyb
urn
edi
nai
r,t
hep
rod
uct
sga
vet
her
esu
lt
s
r
ecor
dedinth
etabl
ebel
ow:

ELEMENTSPHYSICALSTAT
EAT PSOL
ID RSOL
ID
ROOMT EMPERATURE
Phys
ica
lst
at
esofpro
duct
s Whi
teso
li
dpo
wde
ron
ly Co
lour
les
sgase
sLa
ndM
Natu
reofs
olut
io
nsinwat
er Ba
sic Lst
ron
glyac
idi
cMsl
ig
htl
yac
idi
c

(
a)Sugg
estt
heide
nti
tyofel
eme n
tR.……………………………………………. .
……. .
(
b)Desc
ri
behowthenatur
eo ft
hesolu
ti
onso
fth
eofth
eo x
ide
swerede
ter
mine
d
9 T
hediag
rambel
owr e
pres
entsapaperchr
oma
tog
rap
hyfort
hethr
eebr
andsofs
oftd
rin
ks
c
onta
ini
ngbann
eda r
ti
fi
ci
alf
o odadd
iti
ves
.

6 7
5
4 2 3

1
A B C
BRANDSOFSOF TDRINKS
AandCfoundtocont
ainth
eb annedart
if
i
cial
foodaddit
iv
e s
.Wh ichnumber
sind
ica
teth
e
b
annedar
tif
i
cia
lfoo
da ddi
ti
ves
?
10. Wit
houtusi
nganyl
aborat
orychemica
l,des
cri
beas i
mp l
elaborat
oryex
peri
mentt
od i
st
ing
uis
h
bet
weencal
ci
umh ydr
ogencarbona
teandsodiumh yd
rogenca r
bonat
e
11. Subst
anceQhasame l
ti
ngp o
intof15oCandbo i
l
ingpointof70oC.
(
a)Onthesameaxes
,drawtheme l
ti
ngpointandboil
in
gp oi
n tgr
aphforQandther
oom
tempe
rat
ure
eC
o
e
T e
mprt
aur

T
ime(
minu
tes
)
(
b)St
atethephysi
cal
stat
eofsu
bst
anceQa troo
mt empera
tur
e
12. Cooki
ngo i
lscompri
seofamix
tur
eofcomp oun
dswh ic
hh a
veaboi
li
ngp
ointr
ange
of23oCto27oC.
(i
)Wh atev
ide
nceisthent
osuppo
rtt
hes t
ate
me ntth
atcooki
ngoi
li
samixt
ure
?
(i
i)
Namea not
herexper
imen
tal
tec
hni
q u
eth a
tcouldbeusedtoc
onf
ir
myouranswe
r
i
npa r
t(i
)above

13. Af
orm1s
tud
entc
arr
ie
dou
tth
ese
par
ati
ona
ssh
owni
nth
ese
t-
upb
elo
w:-

4
 (i
)I de
ntif
yth
eme thodabove
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(i
i)Giv
eo neofit
sdis
advant
ages
(
ii
i)Nameami xt
urewh i
chcanbesepa
rat
edb ytheset-u
pa bove
14. Wh atismeantbymelt
ingpoi
ntandboil
ingpoi
n tofasu b
stance
?
15. T h
ea ppa
rat
usb e
lowwe r
eusedbyastudentt
os tu
d ytheeff
ectofheatonhydr
ated
c
o ppe
rIIsul
phate

(
a)Whati
sth
erol
eo f
theic
ecol
dwa
ter ……………
(
b)Na
meliqui
dP …………………………………………………………
(
c)Whato
bser
vat
io
nisma d
eint
heb
oil
i
ngt
ube

17. Th
edia
gra
mbel
owshowschr
omat
ogr
amsofbl
oodsamp
leso
btai
nedf
romt
hre
eat
hl
et
es.
Onea
thl
et
eus
edi
ll
ega
ldru
gtoimpr
ovep
erf
ormanc
eincompe
ti
ti
on.



Dr
ug

(a
)Nametheli
nemark
edM ………………………………………………….
(b
)Ide
nti
f
ytheat
hl
etewhouse
dil
leg
aldr
ug ……………. .
. ……………………….
18. Cla
ssi
fyt
hefol
l
owin
gp r
oce
ssesa
schemi
cal
cha
nge
sorp
hysi
cal
cha
nge
s

5
 Pr
oce
ss p
hys
ica
lorc
hemi
cal
Su
bst
anc
e Wa
ter Concent
rat
ed Concent
rat
edso
diu
m
sul
phur
ic(
VI)aci
d hydr
oxi
de
Ethen
e Sl
i
ghtl
ys ol
ubl
e So l
uble In
solub
le
Ammo ni
a Ve rysolubl
e Ver
ys ol
uble Ver
ys ol
uble
Hydroge
n Sl i
ghtl
ysolu
ble I n
solub
le In
solub
le
Neut
ral
i
zat
ion ………………………………………
Subl
i
ma t
ion ………………………………………
Fr
act
ionaldi
st
il
la
ti
o n ………………………………………. .
Di
spl
acementreac
tio
n …………………………………………
19. Gi vetworeas
onswh yalumi
n o
usfl
ameisn o
tusedforheat
in
gp urpos
es
20. Cl ass
if
ythefol
lowingpr
oces
sesaschemic
alchangesorphy
sica
lchanges
Proce
ss phy
sic
alorchemic
al
Neut
ral
iza
ti
on ………………………………………
Subl
i
ma t
ion ………………………………………
Fr
act
ionaldi
st
il
la
ti
o n ………………………………………. .
Di
spl
acementreac
tio
n …………………………………………

21. Gi
vet
worea
sonswhyalumi
nou
sfl
amei
snotus
edforhea
ti
ngp
urp
ose
s
22. St
at
etwoc
ri
ter
iaf
ordet
ermi
ni
ngth
epur
it
yofasub
stan
ce

23. St
udytheinf
ormati
onintheta
blebel
owandans
we rt
hequ e
sti
ons.
i
)Amixt
urecont
a i
nset
hene,Hydr
ogenandammoniagas
es.Expl
ainhowasa
mpleof
hyd
rogeng ascanbeo b
tai
nedf r
omt h
ismixt
ure.
24. a
)i
)Thedi
agrambel
o wshowspotsofapur
esubst
anc
eA, B,an
dCo na chr
omat
ogra
phy
p
aper.SpotDisth
atofami x
tur
e

● ● ● ●
A B C D

Aft
erdevel
opmentA, B,andCwe r
ef o
u ndtohavemo v
ed8cm,3c
ma nd6cmresp
ect
iv
ely
.
Dh adsepar
ate
dintotwos pot
swh i
chh admo v
ed6cma nd8cm
Ont h
ed i
agra
ma bove;
I.Labe
lthebasel
in
e( or
igi
n)
II.Showthepo s
it
ionsofal
lthespotsaft
erdeve
lopment
ii
)Ident
if
ythesubst
an c
esprese
ntinmi xt
ureD
b)Descri
behows ol
idammo niumchlor
idecanb esepa
rat
edfr
omasoli
dmixt
ureof
ammo ni
umc hlor
ideanda n
hydrouscalc
iumc hl
ori
de
c)Thetabl
ebelowshowsl i
qui
dsthataremisci
bl
ea ndthos
etha
tar
eimmisc
ibl
e
Li
q ui
d L3 L4

L1 Miscibl
e Misc
ibl
e
L2 Miscibl
e Immis
cib
le

6
 Usetheinf
ormat
iongiveninthetabl
etoanswertha
tqu es
tio
nsthatf
oll
ow;
i
)Na methemethodthatcanbeu sedtosepa
rat
eL1andL 2fr
omami xtu
reofth
etwo
i
i)Descr
ibehowami xt
u r
eo fL2andL4canbesepara
ted
25. As t
udentl
ef
tsomec ru
shedf r
uitmixt
urewit
hwa t
erforsomedays
. Hefoundt
hemix
tur
e
hadferment
ed.Heco ncl
udedth a
tthemixt
urewascon t
aminat
edwithwate
randet
hano
lwit
h
o o
boil
i
ngp oi
ntof100Ca nd78Cr espect
iv
ely
.Theset
-upo fapp
ara
tusbelo
wa r
euse
dtosep
arat
e
t
h emixt
ure.
T
her
mome
ter B
Ap
par
atu
sW

A
Coni
cal
f
la
sk
Mi
xt
ure Di
st
il
l
ate

(
i)Nameth epiec
eo fappar
atuslabel
ledW
(
ii
)Wh ati
st hepurposeofthethermome t
erintheset-
up?
i
i
i)Atwh i
che ndof t
hea pp
arat
u sWs houldtapwa t
erbeco nn
ect
ed?……………………………
(
iv)Wh i
chliq
u i
dwa scoll
ect
eda sthefir
stdi
stil
l
ate?Expl
ain
(
v)Wh ati
st h
en ameg iv
entothea boveme t
hodo fsep
a r
ati
ngmixt
ure?
(
vi)Sta
tetwoa ppl
icat
ionsoftheaboveme th
o dofsepara
ti
n gmix
tur
es
(
vi)Wh a
tpropert
iesofthemixturema ke
sitpossi
bleforthecompon
e n
ttob
ese
par
ate
d
bytheabo v
eme thods?
26. T
h eset
-upb e
lowwa su s
edtos epar
ateami x
ture:
-

(
a)Na
metheappara
tusmi
ssi
ngint
heset
-up
(
b)Gi
veoneexa
mp l
eofmix
tur
eT
(
c)Whati
sth
en ameoft
hi
sme t
hodofs
epar
ati
on

27. a
)Thedi
agr
ambel
owshowsase
t–upuse
dbyastu
den
ttof
i
ndo
utwh
ath
app
ens
whe
nCo p
per(
II
)su
lphat
ecr
yst
al
sar
ehea
ted
.

Bluecop
per
(I
I)su
lphat
e
cr
ysta
ls He
at De
li
ver
y
T
estt
ube
Be
ake
r

7
 L
iqu
idY

I
ce-
col
dwa
ter

(i
)Sta
tetheobserva
tio
nsma dewhentheblu
ec op
per(II
)sulp
hatecr
yst
alsar
eheat
ed.
(i
i)Iden
ti
fyli
quidYa ndwrit
eanequat
ionfori
tsfor
ma t
ion.
b
)Pell
etsofsod
iumh ydrog
e nandan
hydrousCopper(I
I)sul
phat
ewe r
eputins
epar
atePet
ri
-
dishe
sa ndl
efti
nt heopenfort
woh o
urs.Expl
ai
ntheo bse
rvat
io
nineachPet
ri
-d
ish
.
28. T
hec h
roma t
ogr
a p
h ybel
ows howst
heconsti
tuen
tsofaflowerex
tra
ctusi
nganorg
anicso
lve
nt:
-

 Re
d

 Ye
ll
ow

 Bl
ue


M

(
a)(i
)Na meap os
sib
leorga
nicsol
v enty ouc a
nu s
eforthi
sexper
iment
(i
i
)St a
teoneproper
tytha
tma k
e sth eredp i
gmenttomo v
ethefur
thestdi
stanc
efr
omM
(i
i
i)De s
cri
behowo necoul
dg etas amp leofyel
l
owp igment
(i
v)Ont hedia
gramindi
cat
esolven tfr
o nt
(
b)De s
cri
beh owAlumini
umc hl
oridec anb esepa
rat
e df
romami x
tur
eo falumini
umchl
ori
de
andsodiu
mc hlor
ide
29.St
u d
yt hein
format
ionbel
owa ndanswe rth equest
ionsth
atfol
lo
w:¬
Sol
id Coldwa ter Ho twate
r
R Solub l
e So l
uble
V Insolub l
e Insol
uble
S Insolub l
e Insol
uble

De s
cri
behowthemix
tur
eo fs
oli
dR, S,an
dVc anbese
par
ate
d
30. Give
namixtu
reofl
ead(I
I)oxi
de,ammo ni
umchlor
idea
ndsodi
umch
lor
ide
,de
scr
ibeh
owt
hi
s
mixt
ureca
nb esep
arat
edtoobta
inas ampl
eofeac
h.
31. Theset
upbel
owwasusedtosepa
ratetwomisc
ibl
eli
qui
dsQandT
(Bol
ingpo
int
s;Q=98°C, T
=78°C)

8
 (
a)Id
ent
if
yth
emi s
tak
esi
nth
ese
tupa
bov
e
(
b)I
dent
if
yDi
sti
l
lat
eX

32. Nametheprocesswh i
chtakespla
c ewhen:
a)So
li
dCa rbon(IV)oxi
de( d
ryice)change
sdi
rec
tl
yintogas
.
b)Aredl
itmuspa pert
urnswh i
tewh endro
ppe
dintoc
h l
ori
newate
r.
c)Pr
openegasmo lecu
lesareconverte
dint
oagia
ntmo l
ecul
e.
33. Thef
oll
owingd i
agramsh owsap a
p erchr
omat
ogr
amo fsub
stan
cesA,B,
C,a
ndDwh
ich
arec
olour
e d

    
A B C D E
(
a)Ind
ica
tethesol
ventfr
ontont
h echr
omatogr
am
(
b)Wh i
chsubst
ancei
sp ur
e? ………………………………………. .
(
c)Subst
anceEisamixtur
eofCa ndD.Indi
cat
eit
schr
omatogr
aminth
ed i
agra
m
34. Stud
ytheinfo
rmati
onb e
lowanda n
swerth
efoll
owi
ngquest
io
ns.Amixt
urecont
ai
nsth
ree
sol
i
ds A, B,andC.Thesol
ubi
li
tyofth
esesol
idsi
ndi
ff
ere
ntli
quid
sisa
ssh o
wnb el
ow:
-

So
li
d Wate
r Al
coho
l Et
her
A Sol
ubl
e In
sol
ubl
e In
sol
ubl
e
B In
sol
ubl
e Sol
ubl
e Ver
ysol
ubl
e Exp
lai
nho
wy o
u
wi
ll
obt
ain C Sol
ubl
e Sol
ubl
e In
sol
ubl
e sa
mp l
eCf
rom
t
hemix
tur
e

35. St
at
ean
dex
pla
int
heo
bse
rva
ti
onsma
dewh
eni
odi
nec
rys
tal
sish
eat
edi
nab
oil
i
ngt
ube
?

Ac
ids
,ba
sesa
ndc
omb
ust
io
n
1. T
het
abl
ebe
lows
howss
olu
ti
onsA,
Ba ndCaretest
edandobse
rvat
io
nsr
eco
rdsa
ssh
own
:
Sol
ut
ion Obse
rvat
io
nso nin
dica
tor
A Methy
lorang
eturnsyel
l
ow
B Phe
nolpht
hal
eintur
nscol
ourl
ess
C Li
t
mu stu
rnspurpl
e

(
a)Us
ingtheta
blea
bov
e,nameanaci
d
(
b)Howd o
esthepHva
lueof1Mpot
assi
umh y
droxi
deso
lut
ionc
omp
arewi
tht
hato
f
1Maqueousammoni
a?Expl
ai
n
2. T
hein
formati
onbel
owgi
vesPHval
uesofso
lut
ion
sV, W,X,YZ

So
lut
io
n PHv
a l
ues
V 2
W 6.
5

9
 X 11
Y 14
Z 4.
5
(a
)Wh i
chsol
ut
ionisl
i
kel
ytobe:
(i
)Cal
ciu
mh ydr
oxi
de? ……………………………………………….
(i
i
)Rainwat
er? ………………………………………………………
(
b)Whic
hs o
lut
io
nwo ul
drea
ctmostv
igor
ous
lywi
thZ
incc
arb
ona
te

3. a
)Comple
teth
etabl
ebe
lowt
oshowthecol
ouro
fthegiv
eni
ndi
cat
ori
nac
idi
can
dba
sic
sol
ut
ions
.
Ind
ica
tor Co
louri
n
Ac
idi
cSolut
io
n Ba s
icSol
ut
io
n
Methy
lOrange Yel
l
ow
Phenol
pht
hal
ein Co
lourl
ess

b
)Howdoe
sth
ePHval
u eof0.
1Mp
ota
ssi
umh
ydr
oxi
des
olu
ti
onc
omp
arewi
tht
hato
f0.
1M
aq
ueo
usammon
ia? Exp
lain
.

4. Uset
heinf
ormat
io
ngi
venb
elo
wt oans
wert
heq
ues
ti
onsth
atf
ol
lo
w:
Sol
ut
io
n G H I J K
pH 1.
5 6.5 13.
0 7.
0 8.
0

(
a)Whic
ho f
thesol
uti
onswoul
dbeus
edt
ore
li
eveas
toma
chu
pse
tca
use
dbyi
ndi
ges
ti
on?
(
b)Whic
hsolut
io
nisli
kel
ytobe:
(i
)Dil
ut
esulp
huri
cacid
?
(
ii
)Sodi
umh ydr
oxi
desol
ut
ion?

5. So
li
dco
ppe
r(I
I)o
xid
eisab
asea
lt
hou
ghi
tdo
esn
ott
urnl
i
tmu
spa
pert
obl
ue.
Exp
lai
n

6. Bel
owareth
ep Hva
lueso
f4type
so fmedi
cinerep
res
ent
edbyl
et
ter
sP,
Q,Ra
ndS
MEDICI
NE p HVAL UES
P 7.0
Q 5.0
R 8.0
S 6.0
a)Iti
snotad
vis
abl
etouseSwhenap at
ie
nth a
sindi
ges
ti
on.
Exp
lai
n
b)Wh a
tist
herol
eofche
mist
ryi
nd rugmanufac
tur
e

7. Ex
plai
nwhyver
yli
tt
leCarbon(I
V)oxi
degasise
volv
edwh e
ndil
ut
esu
lph
uri
c(VI
)ac
id
i
saddedtole
ad(I
I)car
b ona
te
8. St
ateonec
ommerci
alus
eo fCal
ciu
mOx id
e
9. Th
ef o
ll
owi
ngdat
agive
st h
ep Hval
uesofsomeso
lut
ion
s
Sol
uti
on pH
P 14.0
Q 6.
8
R 2.
5

(
a)Whatc
olo
urcha
ngewoul
doccu
rins
olu
ti
onPo
nad
dit
io
noft
wod
rop
sof
p
henol
pht
hal
ei
nindi
cat
or?

10
 (
b)St
at
eth
epHv
alu
eofar
esu
lt
in
gso
lut
io
nwh
ene
qua
lmo
leso
fso
lut
io
nPa
ndRr
eac
t

10. Ina nexper

iment
, ammo ni
agaswasprep
a r
edb yhea
ti
ngammo ni
umsal
twithanal
kal
i.
Af
terdryi
ng,ammo niagaswascol
le
ctedatroo
mt emper
atur
eandpre
ssur
e.
(
a)Wh ati
sme antbytheter
ma l
kal
i?
(
b)Explai
nusin
gp hysi
calpr
opert
ie
softhegaswh yammoniai
snotcol
le
ctedbydownwar
d
del
ive
ry
11. Thet ab
leshowsthec ol
our
so b
tai
nedwhe nsomeindi
cat
orsar
eadde
dtosolut
ions
:-
Sol
uti
on Bl
ueli
tmuspape r Indi
cat
orW
Dis
ti
ll
edwa t
er …………………. . Colo
u r
le
ss
Cal
ciumhyd r
oxid
e Bl
ue Pi
nk
Nit
ri
cacid ………………………… Colo
u r
le
ss

(
a)Comp
let
ethet
ablebyf
i
ll
in
gint
hemi
ss
ingc
olo
urs
(
b)Id
ent
if
yind
ica
torW

12. (
a)Fl
owerex
tra
ctsca
nb eus
edasAci
d-b
asei
ndi
cat
ors.
Giv
etwoli
mit
at
io
nsofs
uch
i
ndi
cat
ors
(
b)Thedi
agr
amb el
owshowssp
otsofpur
esu
bst
ancesW,X,an
dYo nachr
oma
tog
rap
hy
pape
r.SpotZistha
tofamixt
ure

   
W X Y Z
Af
terdeve
lopmentW, X,andYwe r
efoundtoh avemo ved9cm3, m3a
4c n
d7c m3res
pec
ti
vel
y.
Zhasseparat
edint
otwos p
o t
swhichh a
vemo ved7c m3and9cm3:-
Onthediagra
m:-
I.Lab
elthebasel
ineandsolv
entf
ro n
t
II
.Showth epos
it
ionofallt
hespotsaf
terdeve
lopme nt
II
I.I
denti
fythesub
sta
n ce
sp r
esen
tinmi xt
ureZ
13. Abeekeep
e rf
oundthatwhenstungbyab ee,a
pplic
a t
ionofali
tt
leso
lut
ionofsod
ium
hy
drogencarbon
atehelp
edtoreli
evetheir
ri
tat
iono fth
ea f
fe
ctedar
ea.Expl
ai
n

14. 10go fs
o di
u mh y
drogencarbonat
ewe r
ed i
ssolve
din20c m3o fwate
rinaboil
i
ngt ub
e.Lemon
j
uic
ewa sthe naddeddropwisewit
hshakin
gu n t
ilt
herewasn ofurt
hercha
nge.
(a
)Exp l
aintheobserv
ati
onwh i
chwasma deinthebo i
li
ngtubewh enther
eact
ionwasinpro
gress
(b
)Wh a
to bser
vati
onswou l
db emadeifthelemonjuicehadb ee
na dde
dtocoppertu
rnin
gsin
aboil
ingtube?
15. (a
)Co mp l
etethetabl
ebel
o wtos h
owt hecolouroft
h egiv
enin d
icat
orinac
idi
candb as
ic
sol
uti
o n
s :
In d
icat
o r Co l
ouri
na cid
icsoluti
on Basi
csolut
ion
Me thylora
n g
e Pink
Ph enol
p h
thal
ein Pink
16. Sol
u t
ionscanb ecl
assi
fi
eda saci
ds,bas
eso rneutr
al
. Theta
bleb e
lowshowssoluti
onsandt
heir
pHvalues:
-
Solu
ti
ons PHVAL UES
K 1.5

11
 L 7.
0
M 14.0
(
i)Se
lec
tan
ypa
irt
hat wo
uldr
eac
ttof
ormas
olu
ti
ono
f
PH7
(
ii
)Id
ent
if
ytwos
olu
ti
onst
hatwo
uldr
eac
twi
tha
lumi
ni
umh
ydr
oxi
de.
Exp
lai
n

Ai
ran
dco
mbu
sti
on
1. T
hes
et-
upbel
owwasuse
dtop
rep
areas
amp
leo
fox
yge
nga
s.St
udyi
tan
dan
swe
r
t
heq
uest
io
nstha
tfo
ll
ow.

H2O2

Mn
O2

(i
)Co
mp l
et
ethed
iag
ramtosh
o whowOxyge
nca
nbeco
ll
ect
ed
(
ii
)Wri
teach
emic
alequ
ati
onofth
erea
cti
ont
opr
odu
ceoxy
gen

2. Ai
rwa
spa
sse
dth
roughsev
eralr
eage
ntsa
ssh
ownb
elow:
Concent
rat
ed
so
diumh yd
roxi
de Exce
sscopp
er
Ai
r
so
luti
on tur
nin
gs
hydr
oxid
e

Ex
cesshea
ted
Es
cap
ing magn
e s
ium
ga
ses po
wde r

(
a)Wri
teanequa
ti
o nf
ort h
er e
act
io
nwh i
chtak
espla
ceinthech
ambercon
tai
ni
ng
Magn
esi
ump owder
(
b)Nameonegaswh i
che s
capesf
romth
ec ha
mb e
rcontai
ni
ngmagn
esiu
mp owde
r.
Gi
vearea
sonforyouranswer
3. (
a)Whati
srust
?
(
b)Giv
etwomethodsthatcanbeuse
dtoprev
entrus
ti
ng
(
c)Nameonesubs
tancewh i
chspee
dsuptherus
ti
ngp r
ocess

12
4. 3.
0gofcle
anma gn
e s
iumrib
bon8.0gofclea
nc oppe
rme t
alwereb u
rntse
p a
rat
el
yi n
e
qualv
olu
meo fairandbot
hme t
alsr
eac
tedcomple
tel
ywi t
ha i
r;
a)St
at
eandexp
lai
nwh er
ethe
rewasgr
eat
erchangei
nvolumeofai
r
Mg=24 Cu=64
b)Wri
teane
quat
ionfort
herea
cti
onbe
tweendil
ut
esulph
uricac
idandpro
ductofb
urntcop
per

5. Oxyge
nisob
tai
nedo
nla
rges
cal
ebyt
hef
ra
cti
ona
ldi
st
il
l
ati
ono
fai
rass
howno
nth
efl
ow
ch
artbel
l
ow.

a
)Id
enti
fyt
hesubs
tan
cetha
tisre
mo v
edatthefi
l
tra
ti
onst
age
b
)Expl
ai
nwh yCar
bon(I
V)oxi
deandwaterar
eremove
dbef
orel
i
que
fac
ti
ono
fai
r
c
)Id
enti
fyt
hecomponen
tth
atiscol
l
ecte
da t-
186°C

6. T
hes
et-
upb
elo
wwa
sus
edt
ost
udys
omep
rop
ert
ie
sofa
ir
.

Mo
isti
ronwo
ol

T
estt
ube

Be
ake
r
Wa
ter

Sta
teandexp
lai
ntwoobs
erva
ti
onst
hatwoul
dbemad
eatt
heendoft
hee
xpe
ri
me n
t
7. Aformtwost
udenti
nanatt
emptt
ost
o pr
ust
ingp
utc
oppe
ran
dZ i
ncinc
ont
actwi
thi
ron
assho
wn :
-
I
ron

Co
ppe
r
Z
inc
(
i)
(
ii
)
(
a)Stat
ewh e
therr
usti
ngocc
u r
redaf
te
roneweeki
fth
es e
t-
u p
swerel
ef
tout
(b)Exp
lai
nyouransweri
n(a)abov
e
8. I nanexpe
ri
ment,api
eceofmagnesi
umri
bbonwascl
eanedwi
thst
eel
wool.2.
4gof
t
hecle
anma gn
esiumri
bbonwasplac
edi
nac r
uci
bleandcomp
let
el
yburn
tinoxyg
en.

13
 Afte
rc ool
ingtheproductweighed4.0g
a)Expl
ainwh yiti
sn ec
e s
sar
yt oclea
nma gnesi
umr ib
bon
b)Wh atobserv
ati
onwa sma deinthecruci
bleaf
terburn
ingma gnes
iumri
bbo n
?
c)Wh ywa sther
eaninc r
easeinma ss
?
d)Wr i
teane quat
io
nf o
rthema jorchemic
alreact
ionwhichtookpla
ceinthecruci
bl
e
e)Thep r
odu c
tinthecruci
blewa sshak
enwi t
hwa te
randfil
te
red.Sta
teandexpl
ainthe
observa
tionwh ic
hwa sma dewh enredandb l
uelit
musp a
perweredrop
p edin
tothefi
lt
rat
e
9. I
na nexperi
me ntagasjarcontai
ningsomed ampir
o nfi
ll
i
ngswa sinv
ert
edinawa te
rtro
ug h
c
on t
ai
n i
ngs omewa t
erass ho
wni nthed i
agra
mb el
o w.Theset
-upwaslef
tun-di
stur
bedforthr
ee
days.Studyitandanswerthequ e
sti
onsthatf
o l
l
ow:
Dampi r
on
fi
l
li
n g
s

I
nve
rte
dga
sja
r

Wate
r
Tr
ough
Wa
ter

(
a)Wh ywe retheironfi
li
n gsmo i
st
ened?
b
)Statea ndexplai
ntheo bser
vati
onma deafte
rthreedays.
(
c)Statetwoc onclus
ionsma defr
omt heexperi
men t
.
d
)Dr awal abel
ledset-
upo fappar
atusf
o rthela
borato
ryprepar
a t
iono foxygenusing
SodiumPe roxi
d e
(
e)Statetwou sesofoxygen
10. Ina ne xp
e r
iment,apieceofma gne
siu
mr i
bbonwa scle
anedwi t
hs t
ee lwool
. 2.
4go ft
hec l
ean
magn esi
umr i
bb onwasp l
acedinac r
uc i
bl
ea ndcomp l
et
elyburntino xygen
. Aft
ercool
ingthe
pro
d uctweighed4.0g
a
)Exp l
ainwh yitisnecessa
rytoclea
nma gnes
iumr i
bbon
b
)Wh atobserv
ationwasma d
einthecrucibl
eafte
rb ur
ningma gnesi
umr i
bbon?
c
)Wh ywa sthe
rea nincr
easeinma ss
?
d
)Wr iteane quat
ionforthema j
orchemicalrea
cti
onwh ichtookplaceinthec ru
cibl
e
e
)T hep r
oductinthecrucibl
ewa sshak
e nwithwaterandfil
te
red.Statea n
de xpl
aint
h e
observa
tionwh i
chwa sma dewhenreda ndblueli
tmuspaperwe r
ed roppedintothefi
l
trat
e
11. Thes et
-upbelowwa su s
edt ocol
lec
tga sFp r
oducedbythereacti
onb e
tweens odi
um
peroxideandwa ter

(
i)Namega
sF……………………………………………………………………………
(
ii
)Atth
eendof
thee
xpe
ri
men
t,t
hes
olu
ti
oni
nth
ero
undb
ott
ome
dfl
askwa
sfo
undt
obe

14
 as
tr
ongbase
.Expl
ai
nwh yt
hiswass
o
(
ii
i
)Wh i
chpro
pert
yofgasFmakesi
tbecol
l
ect
edb
yth
eme
tho
dus
edi
nth
ese
t-
up?
(
iv
)Giv
eo n
eindus
tr
ia
luseofga
sF

12.
. T
hes
et-
upb
elo
wwa
sus
edt
oin
ves
ti
gat
epr
ope
rti
eso
fth
eco
mpo
nen
tso
fai
r:

Ga
sja
r

Ph
osp
hor
ous

Wa
ter

(i
)St atetwoo bserva
ti
on sma dedu ri
ngt heexperi
me nt
(i
i)Wr itetwoc hemicalequati
o n
sf orthereact
ionswh ic
ho ccurred
(i
ii)Thee xperi
me ntwasre pe
a t
edu sin
gb urni
n gma gnesi
umi np la
ceofp hospho
rous.
Therewa sg reat
erri
s eofwa t
e rthaninthefir
stcase.Expl
a i
nt hi
so bse
rvat
ion
(i
v)Af terthetwoe xper
ime nt
s, t
hewa terineachtroughwa stestedusi
n gblueandredli
tmus
pa per
s.Stateande x
p l
aintheo bservat
ionsof ea
chc ase
.
(
a )Ph osphoro
u sexper
ime nt
b)ma g nes
iume xper
ime nt
(v)Br i
eflyexplai
nh owas amp leofn i
tr
o gengasc anbeisol
atedfroma i
rint hel
aborat
ory
13. ( a)Ag roupo fst
u de
ntsb urntapieceo fMgr i
bb oninairanditsashco l
lect
edinaPetridi
sh.
T heashwa sfou n
dtoc o
mp ri
seo fma gnes
iumOx i
dea ndMa g ne
siu
mn i
tri
de
( i
)Wr it
ea nequ at
io
nf orthereac t
ionleadi
ngt oformati
ono fthema gnesi
umn it
ri
de
(ii
)Al it
tl
ewa terwasa ddedtot heproduct
si nthePetridi
sh. Sta
teande xpl
ai
nthe
obser
vati
o nma de.
( i
ii
)Ap ieceof bl
ueli
tmu sp aperwasd ipp
edi nt
ot hesol
uti
o nformedi n(b)ab
ove.
Statetheo bse
rvati
onma de.
14. Af ormo necl
a s
sc ar
ri
edo uta nexp e
rimenttod et
erminetheac t
ivepartofai
r.Thediag
ram
belows h o
wst heset-
upo fthee xperi
me ntandalsotheo bse
rvati
o nmad e.
(
i)Att heb egi
nning (i
i
)obs erva
ti
ona ttheendoftheexpe
ri
men
t

Yc
m

So
li
dA Ai
r

15
 (a
)(i
)Identi
fysubs
tanceM . .
..
..
..
...
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
(
ii
)Stat
etwor ea
son sforthes u
itabi
lit
yofsubsta
nceMf o
rt hi
sexperi
men t
(b
)Wr i
tetheequat
ionforth ereact
iono fsubst
anceMa ndth eact
ivepartofai
r
(c
)(i
)Us i
ngthelet
ter
sYa ndXwr i
tea nexpre
ssi
onforthep erc
entageoftheacti
vepartofair
(
ii
)Thee x
p r
ess
ionin( c
)(i)abovegiveslowerval
uethanthee xpect
ed.Expl
ain
(d)(
i)Expla
intheobservat
io nmad ewh enli
tmuspaperisdippedintothebeakeratt
hee ndofthe
e
xperi
me nt
(
ii
)Na metheacti
vep artofair . ...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
...
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(i
ii
)Su g
g e
stanot
h erme thodthatc a
nb eusedtodeter
mi netheacti
vepartofair
15. Ap i
eceofphosphorou swasb urntinexces
sair.T
hep roductobtai
nedwa sshakenwithasmall
amo untofhotwa t
ertoma k
eas ol
uti
on
i
)Wr it
eane q
u at
ionf orthebu r
ningofphosphorusinexcessai
r
i
i)Thesolu
tiono bt
a i
n e
din( b)aboveasfoundtoh a
vep Ho f2.Givereasonsfort
h i
s
obse
rvat
ion

16. St
udyt
hes
et-
upb
elo
wan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:-

I
ronn
ail
s

(
a)St
at
etwoo bser
vati
onsthatwouldbema deaf
te
ronewe ek
. Exp
lai
n
(
b)Wri
tetheequat
ionofthereact
io
nt ak
ingpla
ceinthete
st-
tube
17. F
e3O4andFeOareoxide
so fi
ronwh ic
hc a
nb epro
ducedinthelabor
ato
ry
(
a)Wri
techemica
lequati
onforthereact
ionwhic
hc a
nb euse
dt oproduc
eea
choft
heox
ide
s
(
b)Wir
ea nio
nicequat
ionforthereac
ti
onb et
weentheoxi
de,Fe3O4andadi
l
utea
cid
.

18. Bel
o wisalis
tof o
xid
es.
Mg O,N2O,K2O,CaOansAl2O3
Sel
e c
t:
-
a)An eut
raloxi
de.
b)Ah i
ghlywa t
ersol
ubl
ebasi
co x
ide
.
c)Ano xi
dewh i
chcanreac
twithbot
hso
diu
mhy
dro
xid
eso
lut
io
nan
ddi
l
uteh
ydr
och
lor
ica
cid
.

19. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wsh
owss
tud
ent
sse
t-
upf
ort
hep
rep
ara
ti
ona
ndc
oll
ect
io
nofo
xyg
eng
as

Ox
yge
nga
s

16
 Sodi
um
pe
roxi
de
(
a)Na
mesubs
tan
ceXuse
d
(
b)Wri
tea
nequa
ti
ont
oshowt
her
eac
ti
ono
fso
diu
mpe
rox
idewi
tht
hes
ubs
tan
cen
ame
din1(
a)

5.
Wat
era
ndh
ydr
oge
n
1. (
a)Hydrogencanreducecop
per
sOxideb
utnotal
lumi
niumoxi
de.
Expl
ai
n
(
b)Wh enwa t
errea
ctswit
hpota
ssi
ummetalt
hehydro
genpro
ducedi
gni
te
sex
plo
siv
ely
o
nt hesurf
aceofwate
r.
(
i)Wh a
tcausesthi
sign
it
ion
?
(
ii
)Wr i
teanequati
ontoshowhowthi
sig
nit
io
no ccu
rs

2. I
na ne
xpe
rime
nt,
dryhyd
roge
ngaswasp
ass
edo
verh
otc
opp
er(
II
)ox
idei
nac
omb
ust
io
n
t
ubeassh
owninthed
iagr
ambel
ow:-

(
a)Comple
tethedi
agr
amtoshowhowtheothe
rprod
uct,s
ubs
tanc
eRc o
uldbeco
ll
ect
ed
i
nthela
b o
rat
ory
.
(
b)Descr
ibehowcoppe
rcou
ldbeobt
ai
n e
dfromth
emi x
tur
econt
aini
ngcop
per(
II
)oxi
de
3. T
hesetupbel
owwa sus
edtoi
nves
ti
gat
etherea
cti
onbet
weenmeta
lsandwat
er.

(
a)Id
enti
fys
oli
dXa n
dstat
eit
sp u
rpos
e
Soli
dX ………………. .
………………………………………………………………………..
Pur
pose ………………………………………………………………………………………. .
(
b)Writ
eachemic
alequ
ati
onforther
eac
ti
ont
hatp
rod
uce
sth
efl
ame
.

17
4. GasPwaspas
sedo
verh
eat
edma
gne
siu
mri
bbo
nan
dhy
dro
geng
aswa
sco
ll
ect
eda
ssh
own
i
nthed
iag
rambel
ow:

(
i)Nameg asP..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
ii
)Wr i
teanequ
ati
ono ft
hereact
ionthatt
akespl
aceinthecombusti
ontube
(
ii
i)Sta
teonepr
ecaut
ionn e
cessa
ryattheendofthi
sexperi
ment
5. Whenh ydr
ogeni
sburntandtheproduc
tc o
oled,
thefol
lowi
ngresul
tsareobt
ainedasshown
i
nt hedi
agrambel
ow:
Clamp Clamp

Bu
rni
ngh
ydr
oge
n I
cec
oldwa
ter

Dr
yhy
dro
gen
L
iqu
idY

(
a)Wri
tetheequatio
nforthef
orma t
io
no fl
i
qui
dY
(
b)Giveach emic
alte
stfo
rliq
u i
dY
6. J a
nes et
-uptheexper
imentasshownbel
owt
oco
ll
ectag
as.
Thewe
tsa
ndwa
she
ate
dbe
for
e
hea
ti
n gZi
n cgranu
les

Wetsa
nd
(
a)Co
mplet
ethedi
agr
amfort
hel
abor
ato
rypr
epa
rat
io
no ft
heg
as
(
b)Whywasitne
ces
sar
ytohe
atwets
andbe
for
eheat
ingZi
ncgr
anu
les
?

7.

18
 N

(
a)Bet
weenNandMwh i
chpar
tshoul
dbeheat
edfi
rst
?Expl
ain
(b)Wri
teache
mica
leq
uati
onf
orther
eact
io
no c
curri
ngint
hec o
mbus
ti
ontu
be.
8. Theset
-upb
elowwasus
edtoi
nve
sti
gat
eele
ctr
oly
sisoface
rta
inmol
te
ncompou
nd;
-

(
a)Co
mp l
et
ethecir
cui
tbydra
wingthecel
li
nthegaple
fti
nthedi
agr
am
(
b)Wri
tehal
f
-cel
lequa
ti
ontoshowwh a
thappe
nsatth
ec a
tho
de
(
c)Us
inganarr
owshowthedir
ect
io
no fel
ect
ronf
l
o winthedi
agr
amabov
e

9. Hyd r
ogenc anb eprepare
db yreact
ingz i
n cwi thdil
utehydr
ochlor
icaci
d.
a)Wr i
teane quati
onfo rt
hereacti
on .
b)Namea na ppropri
atedryi
nga gentforh ydro ge
ng as.
c)Explai
nwh yc opperme t
alcannotb eu sedt oprepa
reh y
drogengas.
d)Hy dr
og enburnsino xyge
ntof or
ma no xide.
(
i)Wr i
teane quati
onf o
rthereacti
o n.
(
ii
)Statetwop recaut
ionsthatmus tbet a
k enb ef
orethecombusti
onbegi
nsandatth
ee n
do f
thec ombusti
o n.
e)Givetwou seso fhydroge
ng as.
f
)Wh enzincish e
atedtorednessinac urren tofste
am, hydr
ogengasisobt
ai
ned.Wri
tean
equati
onf orthereacti
on.
g)Elemen tQrea c
tswithdil
uteacidsb utno twithcoldwater
.ElementRdoesnotr
eactwi
th
dil
uteac i
ds.ElementsSd i
spla
cese le
me ntPf r
omi tsox
ide.Preac
tswit
hcol
dwa t
er.Ar
ran
ge
thefoure l
eme nt
sino rd
eroftheirreacti
v i
ty,sta
rti
ngwiththemo s
treac
ti
ve.
h)Explai
nh owh y
d r
ogenisusedint hema nufact
ureo fmar
gari
ne.
10. a)Thes e
t-upb el
owi su se
dtoi n
vestiga
t ethep roper
tiesofhydrogen.

i
)Ont
hed
iag
ram,
ind
ica
tewh
ats
hou
ldb
edo
nef
ort
her
eac
ti
ont
ooc
cur

19
 ii)Hydroge
ng asisall
owedtopasst
hroughthetu b
eforsometimebefo
reiti
sli
t.
Expla
in
iii
)Writeanequati
o nfo
rtherea
cti
onthatocc
u rsinthecombust
iontub
e
i
v)Wh enthereact
ioniscomplet
e,hydr
ogengasi spass
edthrought
heappara
tusunt
ilt
hey
cooldown.Ex pla
in
v)Wh atpro
pert
yo fhydrog
enisbein
ginvest
ig
ated ?
v
i)Wh atobse
rvat
ionc o
nfi
rmstheproper
tyst
atedin(v)above?
v
ii
)Wh yiszincoxi
d enotuse
dtoinvest
ig
atet
hisp rope
rtyofhydr
ogengas?
11. T hesetupb e
lowwa susedtocol
lec
tgasK,pro duc
edb yth
ereact
ionbet
weenwaterand
ca
lciu
mme t
al. GasK
o
o
o
o
Wa
ter o
o
o Ca
lci
umme
tal

(
a)NamegasK……………………………………………………………. .
(
b)Att
heendoft
heexp
eri
ment
,th
eso
lut
io
nint
heb
eak
erwa
sfo
undt
obeawe
akb
ase
.Ex
pla
in
whyth
es o
lut
io
nisaweakb
ase

6.
Str
uct
ureo
fth
eat
oma
ndt
hep
eri
odi
cta
ble
1. Inanexp e
rime n
tanu nknownma ssofanhydroussodi
umcarbona
tewasdis
solve
di nwateran
d
t
h esol
utionma deupt o250cm3.25cm3o fthi
ssolut
io
nn e
utr
ali
ze m3o
d20c f0.
25Mn i
tri
caci
d.
(Na=23. 0C=12. 0O=16. 0)
Calcu
lat
e :
(a)Mo lesof Nit
ri
cac i
dused
(b)Molesofso di
umc arbona
tein25cmo fthesolu
ti
on
(c)Ma s
so fun k
nowns odiumcarbonat
eu sed
2. Ele
me ntAh asatomicma s
s23a ndelementBh asato
micmass7a nda
lsohave12n eu
tornsand
4n eut
ronsr es
pecti
vely
.
(
a)Wr i
tethee l
ectr
onicarra
ngementofAa ndB
(
b)Wh ichelementh a
sh i
gherioni
zat
ione ne
rgy?Expl
ain
3. Thetabl
eb el
o wshowst herel
at
iveat
omi cmassesandtheper
cent
ageabund
a nc
eo fis
otope
M1a ndM2o fele
me ntM.

Rel
at
iv
eat
omi
cma
ss %abun
dan
ce
M1 62.
93 69.
09
M2 64.
93 30.
91

Ca
lcu
lat
eth
ere
lat
iv
eat
omi
cma
sso
fel
eme
ntM

4. (
a)ElementVh a
stwoi s
otope
s.Twothir
dsof Va ndon
ethi
rdof V. Whati
sthe
r
el
ati
veatomicma ssofel
ementV?
(b)Thefol
lo
wingre f
er
stoelementY
Isot
ope A B C
Isot
opema s
s 54 56 57
Gi
ventha
tisot
opeCc ontai
ns31n e
utro
nsinit
snucl
eusfi
ndt
henumbero
fpr
oto
nsinis
otop
eB
5. T heta
b l
ebel
ows howstherel
ati
veatomi
cma s
sesa
n dt
heper
cen
tag
eabun
danceoft
heis
oto
pes
L1andL2ofel
eme ntL.
Rela
ti
veatomicma s
s %a bun
dance

20
 L1 62.93 69.09
L2 64.93 30.91
Cal
c u
lat
ethere
lat
iv
eat
omicmas
so fel
emen
tK.
6. Ane l
ementMh a
stwoi
sot
opes M a nd M. There
lat
iv
eatomi
cma
sso
fth
e
na
tural
lyocc
urr
ingi
s63.
55.Cal
cul
ateth
eperc
ent
ageofeac
hiso
tope

7. Ano xi
deo fel
ementGh a
sthef ormulaasG2O3
(a)Sta
tetheval
encyofel
eme ntG
(b)Inwh i
chgroupfth
ep eri
odictabl
eiselementG?
+ 2-
8. T hetabl
eb el
owg i
vesi
n f
ormati
o nabouttheionsT an
dZ
+ 2-
Ion T Z
Elect
ronarr
angement 2.8 2.8.8
Nu mberofneut
rons 12 16
(
a)Ho wma nyproto
nsarethereinthen ucl
eusof?
(i)El
ementT?
(ii
)ElementZ?
(b)Deter
minetherel
at
ivefor
mu lama ssofthecompoundformedb
etweenTandZ
(c)Sta
tetwoc o
ndit
ionsunderwh ic
ht hecompoundwou l
dc on
duc
tele
ctri
ci
ty

9. Car
bonan
ds i
l
iconbe
longt
othesa
meg r
oupoft
hep
eri
odi
cta
ble
,y e
tCarb
on(IV)ox
ide
i
sagaswhi
lesi
li
con(
IV)ox
idei
sasol
i
dwi t
hahi
ghmel
ti
ngpoi
nt.Expl
ai
nthi
sdif
fe
renc
e

10. Ani
ono
fox
yge
nisl
ar
gert
hano
xyg
ena
tom.
Exp
lai
n

11. Cop
per(I
I)ox
idea
ndc
har
coa
lar
ebl
acks
oli
ds.
Howwo
uldy
oud
ist
in
gui
shb
etwe
ent
he
t
wosoli
ds?

12. (a
)Eleme n
tXi sf
oundi
nperi
odI I
Ian dgro
upIV. Itcons
istsoftwoisot
opes28Xa dQX.
n
28
Asa
mp leofXwasfo
undtoco ns
istof90%o f X. I
ftherel
ati
veatomicmasso fXis28.
3,
workoutthenumberofneu
tronsinQX
(b)Dra
wa ne l
ect
roc
hemic
alcel
l f
ortheabovecell
13. Studyt
h etab
lebel
owandanswertheq ue
sti
onstha tf
ol
lows :
-(L
e t
ter
sarenottheactua
l
sy
mb ol
so fel
ement
)
El
eme nt El
ect
ron
ica r
rangement Elec
tri
calconducti
vi
ty
L1 2.8.2 Higherelec
tri
calcondu
cti
v i
ty
L2 2.8.1 Highelect
ric
a l
conduct
ivi
ty
L3 2.8.3 Highestel
ectri
calc
onducti
vit
y

L3h asthehighe
stele
ctr
ica
lcon du
cti
v i
ty
. Expl
ai
n
14. De fi
netheter
mme lt
ingpoi
nto fasubsta
n ce
15. Us etheinf
ormat
ioninthet
ablebelowtoa nswertheques
ti
onst
hatf
ol
low.
(
Th elet
ter
sd onotre
pres
enttheactualsymb o
lsoftheel
ement
s)
.
Eleme n
t Q P R S T
Atomic 18 5 3 5 20
nu mber
Ma ssnumb er 40 10 7 11 40
(
a )Wh ic
htwol e
tte
rsrep
rese
ntt h
es amee le
me n
t?Givearea
son
(
b )Givethenumb e
rofneutr
onsina natomo fele
me ntR

16. T
hetab
lebel
owgiv
ess
omee l
ement
sint
heper
iod
icta
ble.
Usei
ttoa
nswert
heq
ues
ti
onst
hat
F
oll
ow.Th
elet
te
rsdonotr
epr
ese
ntthea
ctu
alsy
mb o
lsoft
heel
emen
ts.

21
 El
ement A B C D E
At
omicnumber 12 13 14 15 16
Wh i
chofth
ea b
o v
ele t
ter
srepr
ese
nt:
a)Ame t
al
li
cele
me ntwh i
chfor
msionswit
hthes mal
l
estio
nicrad
ius
?Expl
ain
b)An o
nme t
all
i
ce l
eme ntwit
hthel
arge
stbba
tomi cs
iz
e?Expla
in
17. Thegri
dbelo
wi spartofth
ep e
ri
odi
ctabl
e.Us
ei ttoans
wertheques
ti
onst
hatf
ol
lo
w:
(
Thel
et
te
rsa
ren
ott
hea
ctu
als
ymb
ols
).

A B

C D G E
F
a
)Wr
it
edo
wnt
hef
ormu
lao
fth
eco
mpo
undf
orme
dbe
twe
enCa
ndA.
b
)Wh ichele
me nthasthesamee lec
tronarra
ng ementasthes tabl
eionof
:
(i
)F……………………………. (
ii
)A……………………. .
c
)ElementQh asatomicnumb er15. I
ndicat
eitsposi
tiono ntheg r
id.
d
)Explai
nh owtheatomicradiiofthefol
lowingcomp are
:
(i
)Ca ndF
(i
i)Ca ndD
e
)Wr i
tethetyp
eo fbondp re
sentinac ompoun dfor
me db et
we enDa ndA.
f
)Comp oundCa ndGwe r
ec omplet
elyburnedino x
yg e
n .
(i
)Writedowne quat
ionstosh o
wt hecomb usti
ono feacho ft
hee l
ement
s.
(i
i)Stat
ewh et
h e
reacho ftheoxides(i
)aboveisbasicora cid
ic.
18. T
hefoll
owingfl
owc hartshowst heindust
ri
alma nuf
ac t
ureo fNit
ri
c(V)aci
d.
a
)Ident
ifysubs
tanceB, C,Ean dF.
b
)De s
cribewhathappensinthec at
alyt
icchamb er
.

c)St
atewhatta
kesp l
acei
nc h
amb e
rD.
d
)60–65%n i
tr
ic(V)aci
disprodu
cedinthea
bsorp
ti
oncha
mb e
r.De
scr
ibeh
owt
hea
cidc
anb
e
con
c e
ntr
ate
d.
e)St
atewhynit
ric(V)aci
disst
ore
dind a
rkbot
tl
es.
f)Co
pperreac
tswithnit
ri
c(V)aci
dandnothydr
ochl
ori
cac
id.
Expl
ai
n.

19. T
henumberofp
rot
ons,
neutr
onsandel
ect
ron
sinato
msAtoFareg
ive
nint
het
abl
ebe
low
t
hel
et
ter
sd onotr
epr
esen
ttheac
tual
symboloft
heel
eme
nts
:-

At
oms Pr
oto
ns Neut
ron
s El
ect
ron
s
A 3 4 2
B 9 10 10

22
 C 12 12 12
D 17 18 17
E 17 20 17
F 18 22 18

(
a)Ch oo
sefromth eta
blethel
e t
ter
sthatre
prese
nt:
(i
)Ana t
o mof ametal ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(i
i)Aneu t
ral
atomo fanon-metal . .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(
ii
i)Anatomo fan ob
legas. ..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(
iv
)Ap airofi
sotopes.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(v
)Ac ati
on. .
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(
b)Th egr
idbelows ho
wsap artoftheper
iodi
ctabl
e.Thelet
ter
sdon otr
epres
enttheact
ual
symb ol
s.
Useitt
oa nswerthequest
ionsthatf
oll
ow:-
C T

K U
X Y M Q W
J Z
(
a)Howdoth
eatomi
cra
d i
usofel
eme
ntXa ndYcompar
e
(
b)(i
)Us
ingc
ros
ses(
X)t
or epr
ese
nte
lec
tro
ns,dr
awtheat
omicst
ruc
tur
eofe
leme
ntQ
(
ii
)St
at
ethep
eri
odandthegro
upt
owh i
chele
mentQb e
lon
g

(
c)(i
)Theioni
ccon f
i
gurat
ionofel
ementGi s2.8Gfor
msa niono ft
hety
peG-1.
Indi
cateonthegri
d,thepos
it
iono fel
ementG.
(ii
)Towhichchemicalf
amil
ydoeseleme n
tGb el
ong
?
(i
ii
)Stat
eon euseofel
ementU
(i
v)Wh a
tisthenatur
eofthecompoun dfor
medbet
weenKa n
dU
20. (a)Stud
ythetabl
eb el
owa ndans
wertheq uest
io
nstha
tfol
low.
Pa
rti
cl
e At omicnumb e
r Ioni
cconfi
g ur
ati
on Fo
rmu l
ao foxi
de Atomicr
adi
i I
oni
cra
dii
P 4 …………. . …………… 0.
110 0.
031
Q …………. .
. 2.8.8 QO 0.
200 0.
099
R …………… 2.8.8 R2O 0.
230 0.
133
S 17 2.8.8 S2O7 0.
099 0.
181
T 16 …………… ……… 0.
104 0.
231

(
i)Co mpl
etethetab
leabove
(
ii
)F r
o mthetabl
e,choosethemo str
eact
iveme t
al
.Expl
ain
(
ii
i)Wh ic
he le
mentisthemo stel
ectr
onegat
ive.Exp
lai
n
(
iv)Usingdots(.
)andcrosses(x)tore
pres
e ntel
ect
rons
,showtheb
ondi
ngi
nth
ech
lor
ideo
fQ
(
v)Ex pl
ai
nth esol
ubi
li
tyofeleme n
tTinwa te
r
(
b)(i)Wh yisal
uminiu
mu s
edt oma k
eu t
ensi
lsyeti
tisarea
cti
vemet
al
?
(
ii
)Disti
nguis
hb e
tweenva l
encyandoxidati
onnumber

21. a)Wo r
ko utth
eo xi
dat
io
nn umberofp ho sp
horousint
hefol
l
owingcompoun
dH3PO3
b
)Stu
d yth
ee quat
io
nb e
low:
Mg(
s)+2H2O(l
) Mg(OH)2(
aq)+H2(g
)
Whic
hs pec
ieshasunder
gon
eo xi
dat
ion.Ex p
lai
n
22. Thegri
dbelowrepre
sent
spar
toftheperi
o di
ctabl
e .
Thel
et
te
rsdon
otre
pres
entthea
ctu
al

23
 s
ymb
olso
fth
eel
eme
nts
.St
udyi
tan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:
L L
M P T J U X
N Q R S V Y
W

(
a)Expl
ai
nwh ye l
ementLap pea
rsintwod i
ffe
rentgroupsinthegri
dabov
e
(
b)Sta
tethenameo ft
h echemica
lfamilyt
owh ichPa ndQb el
o n
g
(
c)Writ
etheformulaofth
ec ompoundf or
me dbetweenPa ndV
(
d)Comparetheme l
ti
ngp o
intsofQa ndS. Exp
lai
n
(
e)Id
enti
fyanelementwhoseo xi
dedissol
vesinbo t
hacidsandalka
li
s
(
f)Wri
tetheequat
ionfortheburni
ngo fTine xcessai
r
(
g)Usi
ngd ot
s(•)andcros
s( x
)torepresen
te l
ect
rons,dr
a wad i
agra
mt oi
ll
ust
rat
ebo
ndi
ng
i
nthes ul
phideofQ
(
h)Sta
teoneuseo fel
ementX

23. T
heg
ridb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tsp
arto
fth
epe
ri
odi
cta
ble
.St
udyi
tan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:

S R E X

Q Z M T V

(
a)(i)Iden
tif
ythee l
ementth a
tga i
nsel
ectro
nsmo s
trea
dil
y
(
ii
)Wh ic
ho ftheme t
alismo stre
acti
ve?Expl
ai
n
(
ii
i)Wh a
tna meisgiv
e ntothefamil
yo fel
ement
stowhichel
ement
sXandTbel
ong
?
(
iv)Expl
ai
nwh y:-
(
I)Ion i
cradi
uso f
Qi sla
rg ert
hant ha
tofM
(
II
)Atomicr a
diusofQi sgreat
erthant
hatofS
(
v)Wh i
cho ftheel
eme ntinthetabl
edo e
snothavet
heabil
i
tytof
orma
nioni
corcova
len
t
bond?Ex p l
ai
n
(
vi)Givetheformulaoft
h ec o
mp oundfor
me dbet
weenRandZ

24. Th
egri
dbel
owi
spar
toft
heper
iod
ict
abl
e.Th
ee l
ement
sar
eno
tre
pre
sen
tedb
yth
eira
ctu
als
ymb
ols
.
Uset
hei
nf
orma
ti
ont
oanswe
rtheque
sti
onst
hatf
oll
ow.

24
 a)(i)Whichisthemo streact
ive
(I)Non—me tal
? *
Ex
plai
n
(II
)Me ta
l?
Ex
plai
n
(i
i
)Na methefamilytowh ichele
me nt
sTandQb el
ongs
.
(ii
i)Writ
etheformulao fthecompoundfo
rmedwh e
nWr ea
ctswi
thS.
(i
v)Namet hetyp
eo fbo ndandstruc
tur
eformedwhenel
ement
sRa n
dKr e
act
.
(v
)Ex p
lai
nwh yelementNd oesn’
tf
ormcomp oun
dswit
hothe
rele
ments
.
(
vi
)Co mparetheatomicr a
diiofTandQ.Expla
in.

25. St
udyth
ed a
tagi
venint
hefol
l
owin
gtabl
ean
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w.T
hel
et
te
rs
ar
enottheac
tua
lsymbol
sofel
ement
s.

El
emen
t Nu
mbe
rofpr
oto
ns Me
lt
in gpo
int BptoC
A 11 98 890
B 12 650 1110
C 13 60 2470
D 14 1410 2360
E 15 442 280
590
F 16 113 445
119
G 17 -101 -35
H 18 -189 -
186

(i
)St a
teandexplai
nthetre
ndinme l
ti
n gpointi
nABC
(i
i)Explai
nwh ythemelt
ingpoi
n tandb oi
li
n gpointsofel
eme ntDisthehig
hest
(i
ii)Expl
ai
nwh ytheelementre
presentedb ylet
terEh ast
wome l
ti
ngpo i
ntval
ues
(i
v)Wr it
edownt hechemica
lfor
mu l
ab et
we enelementCa ndsul
p h
ateions
(v)Namet hechemicalf
amil
yinwh i
chHb el
onga ndstat
eon euseoftheel
ement
(vi
)Wh a
tisth
en atur
eoftheoxi
d eofthee l
eme ntsrep
resen
tedbylett
ersCa n
dF ?
26. Ane lementWh asana t
omicnumb er13.
a)Wr i
tetheelect
roni
cconfi
gurati
ono fthemo ststab
leionofW
b)Wr it
etheformulaoft
heo x
ideo fth
ee l
e mentW

27. Id
ent
if
ythep
art
icl
estha
tfaci
l
it
at
etheel
ect
ri
ccondu
cti
vi
tyofth
efol
l
owin
gsu
bst
anc
es
(i
)Sod
iummeta
l
(i
i
)Sodi
umChlor
idesol
uti
on
(i
ii
)Molt
enLea
dBr o
mide
28. Compar
ewit
hareasont
hea t
omicr
adi
usofSod
iumtothato
fAlumi
num.

29. St
udyt
hei
nf
orma
ti
oni
nth
eta
bleb
elo
wan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:

Ion No.
ofp
rot
ons No.o
fel
ect
ron
s
P3- 7 10

25
 Q+ 19 18
R2+ 12 10

a
)Wr
itethee
lec
tro
nar
ran
gemento
fel
emen
tP.
b
)Gi
vethegr
oupandp
eri
odtowhi
chel
ement
sQa
ndRr
esp
ect
iv
ely
.
Q……………………………………………………
R……………………………………………………

30. Et
han
oli
sal
i
qui
datr
oomt
emp
era
tur
ebu
tdo
esn
otc
ond
ucte
lec
tri
ci
ty
.Ex
pla
in.

31. El
ectr
onicconfi
gurat
ionforel
ementsre
pres
ente
dbyP,Q,RandSa r
e:-
P=2.8.
6, Q=2.8.2,R=2.8.1D=2.8.8.
(a
)Se l
ecttheele
me ntwhichf
o r
ms
(
i)Ad ou
b l
ech a
rgedion
(
ii
)As ol
ublecarbona
te
32. T heta
blebelowg i
vesin
formati
ononfourel
ement
sbyle
tt
ersK,L
,Ma ndN.Stud
yit
andanswertheq ues
ti
onsthatf
oll
ow.Thelet
te
rsdono
trep
rese
nttheact
ual
symbol
of
t
he
El
emen
t El
ect
rona rr
ange
men
t At
omi
cradi
us(
nm) I
oni
cra
diu
s(n
m)
K 2.8.2 0.136 0.
065
L 2.8.7 0.099 0.
181
M 2.8.8.
1 0.203 0.
133
N 2.8.8.
2 0.174 0.
099
e
leme
nts
.

(
a)Whichtwoeleme nt
shavesimil
arp r
operti
es?Ex
plai
n
(b
)Wh a
tisthemo stli
kel
yformulaoftheoxideofL?
(c
)Wh i
chele
me ntisnon-metal
?Expla
in
33. Stu
dytheinf
ormationgive
nb el
owa nda ns
we rtheque
sti
onsth
a tfol
l
ow:
o
El
ement At omicradi
us(n
m) I
onicrad
ius(nm) Formul
ao fox
ide Mel
ti
ngpo
into
fox
ide(C)
A 0.364 0.
421 A2O -119
D 0.830 0.
711 DO2 837
E 0.592 0.
485 E2O3 1466
G 0.381 0.
446 G2O5 242
J 0.762 0.
676 JO 1054
(
i)Wri
tethefor
mu laofthecompoun dfor
me dwh e
nJc ombi
n edwithG
(b
)Expl
ainwh yt
heme l
ti
ngp o
intoftheoxideofEishigh
erthanthatoft
h eo
xideofG

Ch
emi
cal
fami
l
ies
1. Stu
dyt
heinfo
rmat
io
ni nthetab
lebel
owandanswe
rthequesti
onsth
atfol
l
ow:
El
ement At omi
cradi
us(n
m) Io
nicra
dius(nm)
W 0.
114 0.
195
X 0.
072 0.
136
Y 0.
133 0.
216
Z 0.
099 0.
181
(a
)Woul
dthesef
ormp ar
tofame t
al
li
coranon-me
tal
li
cgroup?Expl
ai
n
(b
)Sug
gestanel
ementintheta
bleab
oveli
kel
ytobethemostre
acti
ve.
Expl
ai
n

2 St
at
ether
eas
onfo
ru s
ingArg
onine
lec
tri
cli
ghtbu
lbs
3. St
udyt
hei
nfor
mat
ioninth
etabl
ebe
lowandanswert
heq
ues
ti
onst
hatf
ol
lo
w.T
hel
et
te
rs

26
 d
ono
tre
pre
sen
tth
eact
ual
symb
olsofthee
lement
s.
El
emen
t El ec
tro
nicconf
i
gurat
io
n Bo i
li
ngp
oin
t
o
X 2.7 -188C
Y 2.8.
7 -35oC
Z 2.8.
8.7 59oC

(
a)Wh ati stheg eneralna megiventotheg roupinwh i
cht heelementsX,Ya ndZb e
long?
(
b)Selectt woe lemen t
swh i
cha r
ecolouredg as
e s
(
c)Explainwh yZh asth eh i
ghestboi
li
ngp oint
(
d)Wr i
tea ne q uat
ionfo rthereact
ionofe l
eme ntZwi thironme tal
(
e)Eleme ntYwa sd i
ssolvedinwa te
ra ndap iec
eo fb l
uel i
tmusp aperwasp utint
otheres
ult
ing
solut
io n.Stateande x pl
aintheobservat
ionth a
twa sma deont heli
tmusp aper
4. T het ableb el
ows h
o wse l
eme nt
sA, B,C, E,F,an dG. ElementsingroupXh a
veav a
lenc
y
o f2wh i
lee l
eme ntsing r
ou pYh av
eav alencyo f1. Usethetabletoanswe rt
heq u
est
ions
t
ha tfoll
o w:-
GROUPX GROUPY
Eleme nt A B C E F G
Atomi cradius(nm) 14.0 19. 5 19.7 5. 2 7.9 11.
3
Ionicradius( nm) 7.6 10. 5 12.4 12. 6 16.1 19.
6
(i
)At omi cradiusinc r
easesfr
omAt oCa n
df r
omEt oG. Expl
a i
n
(i
i)Ex plai
nt hed i
fferenc
einthea t
o micandi onicradiiofgroupXe l
eme nts
(i
ii
)El eme ntsCa n dGb elongtothes amep er
iod .Explai
nwh ythea t
omi crad
iusofCis
greaterthantha tofG
(i
v)Gi vet heformu laofthecomp oundfo r
me dwh e nBa ndFr eact
(v
)Wh attypeo fbon di
ngisformedi nthec o
mp ounda bove?Explai
n
(v
i)St arti
n gwithth eleas
treact
ive,arr
an gethee l
eme ntsingroupYi ntheo r
derofre
act
ivi
ty
.
Explai
n :
5. T hei nforma t
ionint hetabl
eb el
owr elat
estoe l
eme n t
sint hesameg ro
u po ft
heperi
odi
ctabl
e.
Studyi tanda nswe rtheq uest
io
nt hatfol
lows.

Ele
me n
t At omics i
ze(
nm)
P 0.19
Q 0.23
R 0.15
Whic
he l
ementh
a sthehi
ghestion
iza
ti
onener
gy?Ex
pla
in
6. St
art
in
gwithLead(II
)carb
on a
teexpl
ainho
wy ouwoul
dpre
par
eap
ures
amp
leo
f
Le
ad(II
)sul
phat
e

7. a
)Wh ati
saniso
top
e?
b
)Ane l
emen
tQconsi
st
sof3is
otop
eso
fma s
s28,29,
30andpe
rce
nta
geabu
nda
nceo
f92.
2,
4.
7,3.
1res
pec
ti
vel
y.De
ter
minet
her
ela
ti
veat
omicmas
soft
heel
ement
?

8. Stu
dytheinf
ormati
oninthet
abl
ebel
owa n
dan swe rth
eq u
est
ionst
hatf
ol
low.
(T
hele
tt
e r
sdon otr
epres
entt
heact
uals
ymbolso ftheel
ements
)
Ele
me nt El
ect
ron
icc o nf
igu
rat
ion I
oniz
ati
onener
gyKj
/mo
l)
P 2.2 1800
Q 2.8.2 1450
R 2. 8.8.2 1150

27
 (
a)Whatist
hegen
era
lnamegiv
entothegro
upinwhi
chel
eme
ntsP,
QandRb e
lon
g?
(
b)Ex
pla
inwhyPhasth
eh i
ghe
sti
oniz
ati
onener
gy
(
c)Writ
eabal
ance
dchemic
alequa
ti
onfort
her
eac
ti
onbet
weene
leme
ntQandwa
ter

St
ruc
tur
ean
dbo
ndi
ng
1. Ethanoli
sali
quidatroomt empera
turebutdoesnotconductelec
tri
ci
ty.
Expl
ain
.
2. a)Dist
ingui
shbetweenac oval
entbondandac o-o
rdina
tebond .
b)Drawad i
agramt oshowb ondi
nginana mmo ni
u mion.(
N=7, H=1)
3. a )Expla
inwhytheme tal
sma gnesi
uma ndalumini
uma r
eg oodc ond
uctor
sofel
ect
ri
ci
ty
.
b)Othertha
nc o
st,givetworeasonswhyalumini
umi suse
df orma k
ingel
ect
ri
ccabl
eswhi
l
e
magnes
iumisn ot.
4. Ex pla
inwhytheb oi
li
ngp oin
tofethanoli
shigherthant
hatofh exa
ne.
(Rel
ati
vemo l
ecul
arma ssofeth
anol i
s46wh i
lethatofhex
anei s86).
5. a
)Wh atismeantb yd at
ivecoval
entb o
n d?

6. Sodi
uma ndMagnesi
umb el
on gtoth
es ameper
iodonthep e
ri
odictabl
eandbot
ha r
eme t
al
s.
Ex
pla
inwh ymagnes
iumisab ett
erconduct
orofel
ectr
ici
tyt
hans od
ium.
7. Us i
ngd ot
sandcros
sestorepre
sentele
ctr
ons,dr
awt h
es t
ruct
uresoft
hefol
l
owing:
(
a)Phosphor
ouschl
ori
de(PCl3)
(b
)Hy d
roxoni
umion ( H3O+)
8. Be t
we e
na l
umini
uma ndcopperwhichoneisabet
terconduct
or?Expl
ain
9. Wa terhasaboi
li
ngpointof100oCwh i
lehydr
ogenchlor
idehasab oi
l
ingpo
into 115oC.
f- Ex
pla
in

10. Expl
ai
nwh ylumino
usfla
mei scapab
leofgi
vin
go utli
ghtandsoot
11. Whenb l
ueli
tmuspaperi
sdippedinasolu
ti
ono fal
uminiu
mc hlo
rid
eitt
urn
sred.Expl
ai
n
12. Carb
ona ndSil
i
conareinthesameg r
oupoftheperi
odi
ctable
.Sil
ic
on(I
V)Oxid
eme lt
s
at2440oCwh i
l
esoli
dCa r
bon(IV)Oxidesu
bli
me sa 70oC.
t- Inte
rmsofst
ruc
tur
ea n
d
bon
ding,ex
plai
nthi
sd i
f
fer
en c
e

13. El
eme
ntAha sanat
omi
cn u
mberof6andbhasa
natomicn
umberof9:
(i
)Wr
it
eth
ee le
ctr
onar
rang
ement
sfore
leme
ntsAan
dB
(i
i
)Us
ingdot(
)andcr
oss(X)
di
agra
m,showhowAan dBcomb
inetof
ormac
omp
oun
d

14. (a)Expl
ainwhya l
umini
umisab e
tt
erconduc
torofe
lec
tri
ci
tytha
nma gne
siu
m
(b)Othertha
nc os
tandabil
i
tytocondu
ct,gi
vearea
sonwh yal
umin
iumisusedformaki
ng
cabl
eswh i
lemagnesi
umisnot
15. Expla
inh owelec
tri
cal
conduct
iv
it
ycanbeu s
edtodi
sti
ngui
shb e
twee
nma gnes
iumo x
idean
d
si
lic
on(IV)oxide
16. a)Thediagra
mb elowrep
rese
ntspar
tofth
estruc
tur
eofsodiu
mc hl
ori
decry
sta
l

T
hep
osit
io
nofoneofth
esod i
umionsinthecry
sta
lisshowna s;
i)Onth
ed i
agr
am,marktheposit
io
nsoftheothe
rth r
eesodi
umions
ii
)Themel
ti
ngandb o
ili
ngpoi
ntsofsodi
umc hl
ori
d eare801Cand1413Cre
spe
cti
vel
y.Ex
pla
in
whysod
iumchlor
idedoesn
o tcondu
ctele
ctr
ici
tyat25C,butd
o e
snotatt
emper
atur
es

28
 bet
ween801Cand1413C
b
)Giveare
asonwhyammoni
aga
sishi
ghl
yso
lub
lei
nwa
ter
c)Thest
ruc
tur
eofammoni
umio
nissho
wnbel
ow;
H +

H H
H
Namet hetyp
eo fbondrepre
sent
edi nthediagr
amb yN H
d
)Ca rbonexi
stsindif
fer
entcr
ysta
lli
nefo r
ms.So meo fthes
eformswererece
ntl
yd i
sco
vere
d
insootanda r
ecall
edfull
er
enes
i
)Wh atnameisg i
ventodif
fer
entcryst
all
ineformso fth
es ameele
me nt
i
i
)F ul
ler
enesd i
ssol
veinmethyl
benzenewh il
etheoth e
rformsofcarbondonot.Gi
ventha
tsoo
tis
amixtur
eo fful
le
renesandothersol
idformso fcarbon,des
cri
behowc ry
sta
lsoff
ull
ere
nesca
n
beob t
ai
nedfroms oot
i
i
i)Therelat
iv
emo l
ecul
armassofo neofthefull
ere
n esis720.Wh a
tisthemole
cula
rma s
sof
t
h i
sfull
er
en e
17. (a)Explai
nthefoll
owingobserv
ati
o ns:
-
(i
)Na Clal
lowselect
ri
ccurre
nttop assthr
oug ht
h emi nmolt
enstat
e
(i
i)Graphi
teisan o
n -
metaly
etitisac ond
uc t
oro fel
ectr
ici
ty
18. Studythetablebelowandanswertheq uest
ionsthatfol
low:-

Su
bst
ance A B C D E F
o
Mel
ti
ngPoi
nt(C) 801 113 -
39 5 -
101 1356
119
o
Boi
li
ngpoi
nt(C) 1410 445 457 54 -36 2860
El
ect
ri
cal Sol
id Poor Poo
r Good Po
or Poor Poor
Condu
cti
vi
ty liq
uid Good Poo
r Good Po
or Poor Poor

IIde
nti
fywithreas
on st
hes ub
stanc
esth a
t:
(i
)Haveame ta
ll
icst
ru c
ture (1½mk
)
(i
i)Haveamo l
ecularst
ruct
ureande x
isti
nthel
iqu
idsta
teatroo
mt emper
atu
reandp
res
sur
e(
(i
ii
)Suggestareasonwh ysubs
tanceBh ast
wome l
ti
ngpoi
n t
s
(i
v)Subst
ancesAa ndCc onductel
ectr
iccur
ren
tinthel
iqu
idstat
e.Sta
tehowth
etwosubs
tan
ces
di
ff
erasc o
nd u
ctorsofel
ectr
iccurr
e n
t *

19. (
I)Sodi
u mme talt
arni
sh e
swh ene xposedtotheairwhereawh itep o
wd e
risfo
rme donit
s
s
urf
ace.As mallpi
eceo fthi
ss odi
umme t
alwa sdr
opp e
dinto25go fet
hanola
n d1200cm3
ofhydr
o g
eng aswa sevolve
da tr.t
.p.Theunreact
edethanolwa sevapor
ate
da ndawh i
te
s
oli
drema i
ne d
. ( Na=23, mo l
arg a
sv ol
umea tr.
t.
p=24d m3, C=12,O=16,H=1)
(
a)Wr i
teachemi cal
equ a
ti
o nforthereact
ionb et
weene t
hanola ndsodiummetal
(
b)De t
erminethema ssofsodiumt hatr
e a
ctedwithethanol
(
c)Wh atmasso fet
hano l
ev a
porated?
(
d)Thee t
hanolwa sevapor
a t
eda t80oC,wh i
l
et hewhit
es ol
idrema ine
du na
ff
ecte
da tt
his
t
emperat
ure.Wh atisthedif
ferenceinstr
uctureofet
h a
no la
n dthewh i
tesol
id?
(
II)(
a)Na meani nor
gan i
cliqui
dwh i
chli
berat
e shydr
ogeng aswiths odi
umme t
al
(
b)Wh attwod if
fe
renceswo uldyouo bse
rveifsi
milarpi
eceso fsodiu
mwe redropped
separat
elyint
os mallbeakersconta
ini
n gequalamounto fethanola
ndtheli
q ui
d
namedin( II
)(
a)abo verespecti
vel
y

29
 (
II
I)(
a)Gi
vethenameofthewhi
tepowderf
ormedontheor
igi
nal
piec
eofsodi
ummetal
(
b)Ex
plai
nhowthewh i
tepowderna
medin(I
II
)(
a)isf
ormed
20. T
hegri
dbelo
wr e
pres
entspar
tofth
ep e
ri
odi
ctabl
e.T
helet
te
rsdonotrep
res
entac
tua
l
sy
mbolso
ftheel
ements
. St
udyi
tandanswe
rtheques
ti
onstha
tfol
l
ow:-

F P G N I
Q J K L M
N X-Z

(
a)Wh attypeo fb
o ndwo ul
dy oue x
pectinthecompo u
n dfor
me dbetweenHa n
dF.Expl
ai
n
(
b)(i
)Wh i
cho ftheelementsJa n
dMwi llhaveagre
a t
eratomicrad
ius?Expl
ai
n
(
ii
)Eleme nt
sFa ndNa reinthesameg roupofperi
odictabl
e.Howd othei
rat
omic
r
a diu
sc omp a
re?Ex p l
ain
(
c)Ane l
e mentWh asatomicn u
mb er15. I
ndica
tetheposit
ionitwouldocc
upyinth
etabl
eab
ove
(
d)Wh atisthen a
meg i
ventoe l
eme nt
sX–Z ?
(
e)Wh yisJu sedine l
ect
riccableswhereQi snot
(
f)PandJa r
et e
rme dasme tal
loi
ds.Wh atdoesthet
ermme tall
oidmean?
(
g)Howwo uldyoue xpectthereact
ivi
tyofHa ndMt oco mpare?Ex
p l
ain
21. (a
)P artoftheperi
o di
ctableisgive
nb elo
ws tudyi
tanda nswerthequest
io
nstha
tfol
l
ow.
Thel et
ter
sd on otre
p r
esenttheactu
a le
lements

Y Z

A B

(
i)Whatt
ypeof
bondisfor
medwhenYreac
tswi
thZ
.Exp
lai
n
(
ii
)Expl
ai
nthedi
ff
ere
nceinth
eat
omicra
diio
fel
emen
tAandB
(
ii
i)E
xpla
int
hedif
fe
renc
einther
eac
ti
vi
tyofZan
dB

30
 (
b)St
udyt
hein
for
mat
ioni
ntheta
blebel
owandans
werth
eq u
est
io
nstha
tfo
ll
ow:
(
Thel
et
te
rsd
on o
tre
p r
ese
n tt
heac
tua
lsy
mb o
lsoft
heel
emen
ts)
-
1
El
eme nt El
ectr
onicco n
fi
gurat
ion Ioni
zat
io
ne ner
gyKJmol
P 2:1 519
Q 2:8:1 494
R 2:8:8:1 418
(
i)Whati
sme antbyi
o n
izat
ionenergy?
(i
i)El
ementRh ast
helowestion
izat
ione ne
rgy.Expl
ai
n
(
iii
)Whenap i
eceofele
me ntQisp l
acedonwa teri
tme l
tsandahiss
ingsou
ndispro
duc
ed
asi
tmo ve
so nth
ewa te
rs u
rfa
c e.Expl
ai
ntheseo b
serva
ti
ons
(
iv)Wri
tet
h eequat
ionfort
hereacti
onb et
we e
ne le
me n
tQa ndwa t
er

22. Thet
abl
ebel
owshowsth
eel
ement
sint
hethi
rdper
iod
,th
eo x
ide
soft
het
hir
dperi
odandt
hei
r
pr
oper
ti
es.Th
elet
te
rsar
eno
tth
ea c
tua
lsy
mb ol
soft
heele
ments
.St
udyt
heinf
ormat
io
nandans
wer
t
heques
ti
onst
hatfol
l
ow:

El
eme
nt Atomi
c At
omic Ox
ide Stat
eat o
xid
eme
ltin
gpo
intº
C
n umber r
adi
us(
nm) RT
M 11 0.
191 M2O Sol
id 1132
N …………… 0.
160 NO Sol
id 2852
P 13 0.
130 ……… Sol
id 2072
Q 14 0.
118 QO2 ………. 1610
R ……… 0.
110 ……… Sol
id 580
S 16 0.
102 SO2 ……… -75
T 17 0.
099 T O2 Ga s -60
V 18 0.
095 X X X
a
)i)Complet
et heta
bleabov
e
ii
)Expla
inthetre
ndintheat
omi
cradi
usa
crosstheper
iod
i
ii
)Expla
inwh ytheo x
ideofel
ementVd o
esn o tex
ist
b
)Na methety
peo fst
ruc
tur
eandbon
dinth
efollo
win go
xide
Oxi
de Str
uct
ure Bo
ndt
ype
NO

T
O2

i
i)Usi
ngdot
sandcro
sse
store
pres
ente
lec
tro
n s.
Sh o
wthebo
n d
ingi
ntheoxi
de,QO2
c
)i)Ex
pla
inwhye l
ement
sPc onduc
tsel
ect
ri
citybutTdoe
sn ot
i
i)Theoxi
deofPre
act
sbotha
cid
sandal
kal
is.Giv
ethena
meo ft
hisk
indofo
xid
e

23. T
het
abl
ebe
lowg
ive
sin
for
mat
io
nab
oute
leme
ntsA1,
A2,
A3a
ndA4

El
ement At
omi
cn umb
er At
omi
crad
ius(
nm) I
oni
cra
d i
us(nm)
A1 3 0.
134 0.74
A2 5 0.
090 0.012
A3 13 0.
143 0.050
A4 17 0.
099 0.181

(
i)I
nwh i
chp
eri
odoft
hepe
ri
odi
cta
blei
sel
eme
ntA2?Gi
vear
eas
on
(
ii
)Exp
lai
nwhyth
eato
micr
adi
usof
:

31
 I.A1i sgreat
e rtha
nt ha tofA2
II
.A4issma l
lerthani t
sio ni
cradi
us
I
II
.Selecttheelemen twh ichi
sinthesameg ro
u pasA3
I
V.Usingdots()a ndc r
o ss(x
)torepres
entouter
mo stel
ect
rons
,drawad i
agr
amtoshow
t
heb ondi
n ginth eco mpoundformedwh e
nA1r eactswi
thA4
24. Th eatomicn umbe rofe l
ementPis11a ndthatofQi s8
a)Wr i
tedo wnth ep ossi
blef
ormulaofthecompo undfor
medb e
tweenPandQ
b )Usingdo t
s(·)an dc r
osses
(x)t
orepres
entelectr
onsdra
wad iag
ramtorep
res
entt
he
b
ond i
ngint h eco mpoundin(a)above
25. Nameth ety
peo fbond inga ndstr
uct
u r
efoundin:-
(
a)Ice
(
b)Ma gnesi
umc h l
ori
d e
26. Nameth ety
peo fbond inga ndstr
uct
u r
efoundin:-
(
a)Ice
(
b)Ma gnesi
umc h l
ori
d e

27. Us
eth
esc
hemet
oan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:
Sol
idNch
ange
sfr
om So
lut
io
nQ
H2SO4(aq)
ye
ll
owtowhi
te
o
nst
and
ing

HCl
(a
q)

So
lut
io
nL

(
a)Id
enti
fysol
idN……………………………………………………………….
(
b)Writ
eab al
ancedequat
io
nfort
hef
ormat
ionofQ
(
c)Writ
ethefor
mu l
ao f
thecompl
exi
onfo
rmedwh e
ns o
diumh
ydr
oxid
eisad
dedt
o
sol
utio
nL i ne x
cess
28. (
a)Usi
ngd ot
s()andcros
ses(
x)t
ore
pres
entel
ect
ronssho
wbond
ingin:
-
NH2(N=7, H=1) S8 (S=16)
__
(
b)Showbondi
ngi
nCarb
on(II
)Oxi
debyus
eof( )o
r( )t orep
res
entbo
nds.
29. I
nter
mso fs
tr
uct
urea
ndbon
ding,
expl
ai
nwhyd
iamondi
sth
eh a
rdes
tnat
ura
ll
yoccu
rri
ng
Subs
tanc
e

30. Id
enti
f
yt h
eb o
ndtypesi
nthedia
gram
31. El
ementsA,B,C,an
dDa renotact
ualsy
mb o
ls,
havea
tomicn
umb e
rs19,
9,12and10res
pec
ti
vel
y.
(a
)Wh i
chtwoelement
srep
res
entnon-met
als
(b)Wri
tethefo
rmulaoft
hecompoundformedbet
wee
ne l
ement
sBa n
dCa n
did
enti
tyt
he
bondpre
senti
nthecompound

32. (
a)Dis
ti
ngui
shbetweenaco v
ale
ntandda
ti
vebon
d
(
b)Expl
ai
nwh yni
trogengasrea
ctswi
thox
yge
natver
yhi
ght
emp
era
tur
e
33. Drawadot()andc r
oss(x
)d i
agr
amtoshowbon
din
gin:
-
(
i)Ammoniu
mi o
n( NH4+
(N=7.0,H=1)
(
ii
)Sil
ane (
SiH4)

(
Si=14,
H=1)

32
34. Be
lowi
sat
abl
eox
ide
sofs
omep
eri
odt
hre
eel
eme
nts

Oxi
des Na2O P4O6 SO2 Cl
2O
St
at
ea tr
oomt
emp So
l i
d Soli
d Gas Gas

(
a)Gi
vethes
yst
emati
cnameofCl2O
(
b)Ex
pla
inwhyNa2Oexi
stsasaso
li
dwh
ere
asSO2i
sag
asa
tro
omt
emp
era
tur
e

35. Th
etabl
ebel
owshowsprope
rti
eso fper
iodt
hre
echlo
rid
es
For
mula
rofcompou
nd Na Cl MgCl
2 AlCl
3 Si
Cl4
o o o o o
BpC 1470C 1420C 180C 60C
Ex
pla
inwhyAlCl
3so
li
dh a
samu c hlowerbo
il
ingp
ointt
hanMg
Cl2sol
i
d

Sa
lt
s
1. St
udyth
eflo
wch
artbe
lowandans
wert
heq
ues
ti
onst
hatf
ol
low:
Ga
s
Step1
Cop
per
Blu
e
(
1)Heat sol
uti
on
(
2)Rea
gentZ
St
ep2

Bl
ue
Cr
yst
al
s

He
at St
ep3

Wh
it
eSo
li
d

a)Namer e
agentZ.
b)Descri
bethepro
ce s
swh i
chta
kespla
cei
nstep2.
c)Ident
if
ythewhit
es ol
id
.
2. a)Star
ti
ngfromsoli
dma gnes
iumoxid
e,de
scr
ibeho
was ol
ids
ampleo
fmagn
esi
umh
ydr
oxi
de
c
anb epre
pared
.
b)Giveoneuseofma gne
siu
mh ydr
oxid
e.
3. Star
ti
ngwithlea
d(II)oxi
de,de
scri
behowyouwoul
dp r
epa
reaso
li
dsamp
leof
l
ead(II
)Carbonat
e
4. Studythedi
agra
mb elowandanswerth
eques
ti
onstha
tfol
l
ow:

33
 (
a)Na
methet
wosal
tsf
orme
di ntu
beA
(
b)St
at
eth
eobse
rva
ti
onsmadeintub
eC
(
c)Na
megasP

5. St
udyt
hei
nf
orma
ti
oni
nth
eta
bleb
elo
wan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:-

PART
ICL
E MASS NUMBEROF NUMBEROF NUMBEROF
NUMBER PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS
E 37 17 (i
) 18
F 32 (i
i
) 16 16
G (
ii
i
) 19 20 18
H 40 20 (
iv) 18

(
a)Complet
ethetabl
ebyfil
li
ngi
nt h
eb l
ankspaces(i
),(i
i)(i
i
i)
,and(
iv
)
(
b)Ide
nti
fythepar
ti
cle
swh ic
hareelec
tri
cal
l
yc ha
rg e
d
6. Sodi
umCa r
b o
na t
eDecahydra
tecr
yst
alswerel
eftex
p ose
do nawatchg
las
sfo
rtwod
ays
.
a)St
atet
heo bs
ervat
io
nsma deonthecrys
tal
saft
ertwod ay
s.
b)Nametheproper
tyofsal
tsin
ves
ti
gatedinth
ea bo
v eexpe
riment

7. Sta
rti
ngwit
hsodi
umox
ide,
descr
ibehowasampl
eofcr
yst
al
sofso
diu
mh ydr
ogencar
bona
te
ma ybepr
epar
ed
8. Inanexpe
ri
ment,
ammoni
umc h
lor
idewashe
ate
dinte
st-
tub
e.Amois
tre
dlit
muspaper
pl
acedatt
hemout
hoft
estf
ir
stcha
n g
edbl
uethe
nred.
Expl
aint
hes
eobser
vat
ion
s:-

9.Us
ingdots(•
)andc ro
ss(x),s
howt hestr
uctureofammo niu
mi on
10. a)Givethena meofeachoftheprocessesdescr
ibe dbel
owwh i
chtak
espla
cewhensa
ltsar
e
e
xposedtoa i
rforsometi
me
i)Anhydrouscoppersul
phatebecomeswe t
ii
)Ma gnesi
umc hlori
defor
msa naq u
eo ussolut
ion
ii
i)Fre
shc r
ystal
so fs
odiumc a
rbonate
, Na2CO3.10H2Ob e c
omec ov
eredwi
thwhit
epowder
offor
mu laNa CO .
2 3 2HO
b)Wr i
tetheformulaofth
ec omplexionformedi ne a
cho fth
efoll
owingr
eact
io
nsdes
crib
ed
belo
w;
i)Zi
ncme t
aldis
sol
vesinhotalkal
ineso l
ut
ion
ii
)Co pperhydrox
idedi
ssol
vese x
cessa mmo niasolu
ti
o n
11 (
a)Wr i
teane quat
iontoshowthee f
fec
to fheatont henit
rateof:
-
(
i)Potas
sium
(
ii
)Silve
r

12. (
a)T
hesc
hemebel
owsho
wssomere
act
io
nss
tar
ti
ngwi
thma
gne
siu
mox
ide
.St
udyi
tan
d
a
nswe
rtheq
uest
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:-
Aque
ous
Magn
esi
um Wa
ter Aque
ous Bo
il
Magnes
ium
Ox
ide hy
droxi
de ST
EP2 Magnes
ium Pr
odu
cts
ST
EP1 ST
EP3
hy
droxi
de
Car
bonat
e
ST
EP4

Aq
ueous Magn
esi
um
Magne
siu
m Ca
rbona
te
Chl
ori
de ST
EP5
34
 (
i)Na met her eagentsusedins t
e ps2a nd4
(
ii)Wr it
ea ne quati
onf orthereacti
o ninstep3
(
iii)De s
cri
b eh owas oli
ds amp l
eo fa n
hydr ousma gnesi
u mcarbon a
teisobta
inedins t
ep5
13. Int h
ep reparati
o nofma gnesi
u mc arbonate,ma gnesi
umwa sburntinairandtheproduct
colle
c t
ed.Di l
utes ul
phuricacidwa sthena dd e
da ndthemi xt
uref i
lt
ere
da ndcooled.Sodi
umc ar
bon
ate
wa sad d
edt oth efi
ltr
ateandt hec ontent
sf i
lt
ered.There s
iduewa sthenwashedan ddri
edtogiv
eawhit
e
powd er.
(
a )Givethen ameo ftheproduct
(
b )Wr it
eth ech emicalequati
onfo rtheforma t
iono ft
h eproduct
(
c )(i
)Na met hef il
tr
atecoll
ecteda ft
ersodiu mcarbonatewa sadd e
d.
(i
i)Wr i
ted ownt hec hemicalformu l
aoft hewh it
ep owder
(
d )Wr it
eac h emicalequati
onf orther e
actionb et
we enp r
oductin(a)andthea c
id
(
e )Wr it
ea nion i
ce quat
iontos howt heforma ti
ono fthewh i
tep owder.
(
f)Wr i
teane qu at
iontos howwh athappen swh enthewh it
ep owderisstr
onglyheated.
(
g )Identi
fyth eionsp r
esentinth efil
tr
atea f
teradditi
ono fsodi
u mc a
rbonate
.
(
h )Wh a
tisth en ameg i
ventot her eac
tio
nt h a
ttakesp l
acewh ensodiumc ar
bonatewa s
addedt oth efil
tr
ate?
(
i)Explai
nt heo bservat
ionsma dewh encrystal
so fsodi
u mc a
rbon at
edecahydr
a t
eareleft
exposedt ot heatmo spher
ef ortwod ays
14. a)Giv ethen ameo feacho fthep rocess
esd escri
b e
db elowwh i
c htake
sp l
acewh ensalt
sare
exposedtoa irforsome t
ime
i
)An h ydr
o usc oppersulphat
eb eco meswe t
i
i)Ma g nes
iumc hlor
ideformsa na queouss olut
ion
i
ii)Freshcrystalsof s
o d
iumc arbon ate
,Na 2CO3.10H2Ob ec
omec ov
eredwithwh i
tepowd e
r
o
ff o
rmu laNa 2CO3.H2O
15. Youa rep r
o vi
dedwi t
ht hefoll
o wing
:-s ol
idlead(II)ni
trat
e,ma gnesi
umo xi
dep owder,
d i
lut
es ulphu r
ic(VI)a
cida ndd i
st
il
ledwa ter.Descri
beh owy oucanp r
eparead r
ys a
mp l
e
oflead(II)sulphate
16. Us ethesch emet oa ns
we rthequ esti
onsth atf
ollow:
Sol
idNch
ange
sfr
om So
lut
io
nQ
H2SO4(aq)
ye
ll
owtowhi
te
o
nst
and
ing

HCl
(a
q)

So
lut
io
nL
(
a)I
dent
if
ys o
li
dN……………………………………………………………….
(
b)Wri
teab a
lanc
edequat
io
nfort
hef
ormat
io
nofQ
(
c)Wri
tethefo
rmulaoft
hecompl
exi
onfo
rmedwh
ens
odi
umh
ydr
oxi
dei
sad
dedt
o
sol
uti
onL i nexc
ess

17. Whenexpo
sedtoa
ir
,cry
sta
lsofhy
dra
teds
odiumca
rbo
nat
elo
seswa
tero
fcr
yst
al
li
zat
io
ns;
-
(
i)Nameth
ispr
oce
ss
(
ii
)Writ
ethef
ormul
aofhydr
ate
dsodi
umcarb
onat
e

18. As
tud
entp
our
eds
odi
umi
odi
des
olu
ti
oni
nt
oas
mal
lpo
rti
ono
fso
lut
io
nQ,
aye
ll
ow

35
 pr
eci
pi
tat
ewa sf
ormed.
(i
)Whic
hionwasmo s
tli
kel
yinsol
uti
onQ?
(i
i
)Writ
eanioni
cequat
io
nleadi
ngtothefor
mati
onoft
hey
ell
owpre
cip
it
at
e
19. Cal
ci
umo xi
deca
nb euse
das1as
oli
ddryin
ga ge
ntfo
rso
melab
ora
tor
ygases
.Ex
pla
in

20. Apieceofmarbl
ec hi
pswasstro
n g
lyheat
edina i
rforab
o u
t30mi nut
es.
Somedrop
sofwa
ter
wereaddeddropbyd r
optothepro
d u
ctwh e
ni twasst
il
lwarm.
Usi
n gequ
ation,e
xpl
ain:
(
i)Wh ath
ap p
enswh enthepi
eceofmarbl
echipsisheat
ed?
(i
i)Therea
c t
iontha
ttakespl
acewhenwaterisaddedtothefi
nal
warmp r
odu
ct.
21. Studyth
eflowch a
rtbel
owa ndanswert
hequesti
o nst
hatfo
llo
w
BrowngasB
He
at t Di
l
uteHNO3(aq)
SOL
IDA So
ldK Y
i e
l
Wh
l
o
i
wwh
t
ewh
e
enh
nc
o
ol
d Co
lou
rle
sss
olu
ti
onM

Co
lou
rle
ssg
asC
a)Iden
ti
fy;
i
)g a
sesCa ndB
i
i
)Ionsli
kelytob epres
entedinsol
idA
22. Po tas
siumn itr
atecry
stal
sinatest
-tubewe r
eheatedstr
ongl
yforsometi
me.St
atet
he
ob s
erva
tionma de:
(
a)Wh enag l
owingspli
nti
sintr
od u
cedin t
othetest-
tub
eduri
ngtheheat
in
g
(b)Attheendo ftheheat
ing
23. Na methep rocesswhichtak
esp l
acewh en
:
(
a)Anhydrou si
ron(III
)chlor
ideabsor
bwa tervapo
u rfr
omtheairt
ofor
ms ol
ut
ion
(
b)Zincchlorid
ev apou
rc ha
ngesdirec
tlytozi
ncc h
lori
desol
id
24. (a)Star
ti
n gforms ol
idmagnesiumo x
ide,descr
ibehowas ol
i
dsamp l
eofmagnes
ium
hy
droxidecanb eprep
ared
(
b)Giveo neu s
eo fmagnesi
umh ydrox
ide

25. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tsas
et-
upt
hatwa
sus
edt
osh
owt
hatp
arto
fai
rsu
sedd
uri
ngb
urn
ing
Ga
sja
r

Bu
rni
ngc
and
le

So
diu
mhy
dro
xid
e

(
a)St
at
etwos
our
ceso
fer
ror
sint
hi
sex
per
ime
nt

26. Inane x
p e r
imentthef
ollowingsol
idswe repr
o v
idedtofor
mt hr
eestu
dent
s;Ca(
NO3)2(
s)
,
NaH2PO4(s);Mg (
OH)Cl
()a
s ndFe(NH4)2(SO4)
2.6H2O.Theywerethe
ntoldt
od i
ss
olv
et he
gi
vensoli
d si
nd i
ffe
ren
tlyi n20mlofwa t
er.
(
a)Clas
s ifythegiv
ensaltsacco
rdingly
(b)(i
)Exp lai
ntheproce
s swhichtakesp l
acewhenF e
Cl3isdi
ssol
vedi
nwater
(
ii
)As t
uden tplace
damo istli
tmuspape rontheproducti
n( i
)abo
ve.Sta
tea
nde x
pla
inthe
o b
serv
a tionma de

36
Ef
fe
cto
fane
lec
tri
ccu
rre
nto
nsu
bst
anc
es
1. T
heset
-upwa
sus
edt
oel
ect
rol
yseL
ead(
II
)br
omi
de.
Stu
dyi
tan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
ns
t
hatf
ol
lo
w;

Bu
lb
An
ode
Ca
tho
de

Mo
lt
enL e
ad(
II
) Ca
rbo
nel
ect
rod
e
br
iomi
de

(
a)Wri
tea
nio
nicequ
ati
onfort
herea
c t
io
nth
atocc
urr
eda
tth
eca
tho
de
(
b)St
at
eandex
pla
inwhath
ap p
ene
da tt
heanod
e

2. Whenanele
ctr
iccur
rentwaspass
edthroug
ht womol
tensub
sta
ncesEa
ndFins
epar
ate
vo
lta
mme t
ers
.Theobserv
ati
onsreco
rdedbel
owwe r
ema d
e:-
Subs
tan
ce Ob se
rvat
ion Typ
eofs
tru
ctur
e
E Conduct
sele
ctr
iccurr
entandagasi
sfor
medatone
oft
heelect
rod
es
F Conduct
sanelect
ri
ccurr
entandi
snotdeco
mp os
ed

Complet
ethetab
leabo
ve
3. (a
)Dif
fere
nti
atet
hefol
lowi
ngterms:-
El
ect
rol
yteandnon-
ele
ctr
olyt
e
(b)Thedi
agrambel
owisas et
-upusedt
oin
ves
ti
gat
ethec
onduct
iv
it
yo fe
lec
tri
ccu
rre
nt
bysomea que
oussolut
io
n. St
udyi
tanda
nswert
heque
sti
onsth
atfol
low;

Bu
lb
Be
ake
r

Grap
hit
e
ro
ds Su
bst
anc
etob
ete
ste
d

(
i)Sta
tetheobser
vat
io
nma d
eonthebul
bwheneachoft
hefo
ll
owingsol
uti
onwe
rep
ut
ontothebeak
er
(
a)Sugarsol
uti
on
(
b)(i
)Saltsol
ut
ion
(
ii
)Cla
ssif
ythesub
stan
cein(
i)a
bov
easei
th
e re
lect
rol
yt
eornon
-ele
ctr
oly
te

37
 (
b)I
fintheab
oveset
-upofapp
arat
us,t
hesubs
tan
cetobete
ste
disLeadIIBr
omi
de,
whatmodi
fi
cat
io
ns h
ouldbeinc
lude
dinthese
t-
up?
(c
)Wr i
tea
nIoni
ce q
uati
onatth
ee l
ect
rod
esandst
atet
heobser
vat
io
n :
-
Anode

4. (
a)T
hed
iag
rambel
ows h
owsthes
etu
pus
edt
oin
ves
ti
gat
eth
eef
fe
cto
fane
lec
tri
ccu
rre
nt
o
nmol
tenl
ead (I
I)bro
mid
e

i
.Expl
ai
nwh athappenstot
helea
dI Ibromidedur
ingel
ectr
oly
sis
ii
.Whyisiti
mp ort
anttoca
rryoutt
h eexper
imenti
naf u
mec hambe
r?
5. (I)Def
inethefol
lowingt
erms:
(
a)Crys
tal
li
zat
ion
(
b)(i
)Salt
ingoutasuse
dins o
a pma k
ing
(i
i)Sta
rti
ngwi t
hbari
umc a
r bo
natesol
id,d
ilu
tesul
phuri
caci
dandd
il
ut
eni
tr
ica
cid
,
des
cri
beh owyouwo ul
dp repar
edrybari
ums ul
phat
esol
id

(
ii
i
)St
udyt
hes
che
meb
elo
wan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nswh
ichf
ol
lo
w:
Col
ourl
essgas
He
at So
li
dS Wa
ter Col
our
les
s
whi
chrel
ight
s
T so
lut
io
n
gl
owin
gs pl
i
nt
Bur
non
(
a)Identi
fy; ni
chr
omewi
re
(i
)T hecat
ionprese
ntinsol
idS
(i
i)Theanioninsoli
dS Li
lacfl
ame
(b)Writeanequ a
ti
ontoshowh ows ol
idSish e
atedinproc
essT
(i
v)Cop perI
Ich l
ori
desolu
ti
ond i
ssol
vesinexcessammo ni
asol
uti
ontof
ormad ee
pb l
ue
so l
ut
ion.Givetheionres
ponsi
blefort
h edeepbluesolu
ti
on
(v)Asoluti
ono fhyd
rogenchlo
ridei
sa nele
ctrol
ytebutasol
uti
onofhyd
rogenchl
ori
dein
me thy
lbenzeneinan o
n-el
ect
roly
te.Expl
ain
6. (
i)Sta
teF ar
aday’
sfi
rstl
awo fel
ectr
oly
sis
(i
i
)T hediagr
amb el
ows howsas e
t-upusedfort
h eel
ect
rol
ysi
sofmol
tenLea
db r
omide:
-

Swi
tc
h

Pb
BV2

He
at

38
 Sta
tetheo bse
rvat
ionsthatwou l
dbema d
ea ttheanodea ndcathodeasthee l
ect
rol
ysi
sprog
res
sed
7. (a
)(i)Descri
beh o
wy ouwo ul
dprepar
ep urecrystal
sofleadIIn i
tra
teinthela
borat
oryf
rom
leadIIoxi
d e
(
ii)Writ
ea nequati
onforthereacti
onth a
ttakesp l
acein(a)
(i)above
(b
)(i)Sta
tewh athappen
swh enlea
dI Init
rat
eiss t
ronglyheat
ed
(i
i)Writeanequati
onfo rth
er e
acti
o ninb(i
)a bove
(c
)(i)Sta
tewh ati
so bs
ervedwh enammo ni
asolu t
io
nisg ra
duallyaddedtoas ol
ut
ionof
leadIIni
trat
eu nt
ilthealk
alii
sine xc
e s
s
(i
i)Wr i
teanionicequat
ionforthereacti
ontha tta
kesp l
acein(i)above
8. Thed i
agr
ams howa nexperimentfori
n ve
sti
gati
n gelec
tri
calcond uct
io
ninl e
ad(II
)fl
uori
de.St
udyi
tan
d
answerthequesti
onsthatfol
low:
F
lowo fel
e c
trons

Bu
lb
Ga
s

Bo
il
in
gtu
be

Lead(
II)f
luo
rid
e
(
a)Ont hed i
agram
(
i)Labeltheanodeandt hecathode
(
ii
)Sh owt hedi
recti
ono fmo v
e mentofelect
rons
(
ii
i)Comp let
ethed i
agramb yindic
ati
ngt hecondit
ionthati
smi s
si
n gbutmu s
tbepres
entf
or
el
ectr
icalc
o n
du ct
iontotakep l
ace.
(
b)Wh yisi
tnecessar
yt ole
a veagapb et
we enthecorkandtheb oi
li
ngtube?
(
c)Statetheobserva
ti
o nsthatareexpec
teda ttheele
c t
rode
sd u
ringele
ctr
ic
a l
conduct
iona
nd
att
hee xper
iment
(
d)Wr it
ee quat
ionsforthereacti
onsthattak
ep lac
ea tt
hee l
ect
rodes
(
e)Wh ys houl
dthisexperi
me ntbec a
rri
edo utinafumec hamber?
I
I.T h
et a
b l
ebelowsho wsthee l
ect
ric
alc o
n duct
ivi
tyofsubst
anceA, BandC
Su bst
ance So l
i
ds tat
e Mo lt
enstate Aqueoussol
uti
on
A Co nducts Con duct
s Notsolub
le
B Do esn’
tcon duct Co n duct
s Conducts
C Do esn’
tcon duct Do es
n ’
tconduct No tsolub
le

(
a)Whi
cho n
eo ft
hesubs
tancei
sli
kel
ytobep l
a s
ti
c?
(
b)Ex
pla
inwhyt h
esubst
anceyouhavegi
venin(a)abo
vebeh
avesinth
ewa
yitd
oes
(
c)Whi
cho f
thesubst
anc
esisli
kel
ytobesodiumc h
lor
ide
?Expl
ai
n
(
d)Gi
vethet
ypeo fs
tr
uct
ureandbondin
gthatispre
senti
nsub
stan
c eA

39
 9.St
udyt
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wan
dus
eitt
oan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:-

A B

L
ead(
II
)br
omi
de

He
at

(
a)I
dent
if
yelect
rodesAandB
(
b)Nametheproduc
tformedatt
heanode
(
c)Writ
etheelec
tro
d ehal
feq
u a
ti
onofre
act
io
na te
lect
rodeA
10. Expl
ai
nth edi
ff
erence
sinel
ectr
ic
alco
nduct
iv
it
ybetweenmelt
eds
odi
umc
hlo
rid
ean
d
li
qui
dme r
c u
ry

11.
Bel
owi
spa
rto
faf
l
owd
iag
ramf
ort
hec
ont
actp
roc
ess
:

(
a)Name :
I
.Liqui
dY……………………………………………………….
II.L
iqui
dN………………………………………………………….
(b)Writ
etheequ
ati
onf
ort
her
eac
ti
ont
aki
ngp
lac
ein
;
I.ChamberQ
II
.Ch amberR

12. I
nanexpe
rimen
ttoinv
est
iga
teth
ec o
nduct
iv
it
yo fsu
bsta
nces,
ast
ude
ntu
sedt
hes
et-
ups
hown
b
elo
w.
T
hestu
dentnot
edtha
tthebul
bdidnotl
i
ght.
a
)Wh a
thadbeenomit
te
dinthesetu
p.
b
)Expl
ai
nwh yt
h eb
ulbli
ght
swhentheomis
sio
ni scor
rec
ted
.
Ca
rbo
nan
dit
sco
mpo
und
s
1. (
a)St
at
eoneu
seof
g r
aph
it
e
(
b)Bot
hgr
aph
it
eanddi
amonda
rea
ll
ot
rop
eso
fel
eme
ntCa
rbo
n.Gr
aph
it
eco
ndu
ctse
lec
tri
ci
ty

40
 wh
ere
asd
iamo
ndd
oesn
ot.
Exp
lai
n

2. Be
lowi
sas
imp
li
fi
eds
che
meo
fso
lva
ypr
oce
ss.
Stu
dyi
tan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:
Br
ine
PROCESS PROCESS PROCESS
I II II
I

Ammonia
so
lut
io
n So
diu
m
Ga
sR Ca
rbona
te
a
)Id
enti
fyga
sR.
b
)Writ
eanequa
ti
onfo
rth
eproc
essII
I.
c
)Giv
eon eu
seofs
odi
umcar
bonat
e.

3. Abur
nin
gmagne
siu
mc on
ti
nue
stobur
nin
sid
eag
asj
arf
ul
lofc
arb
on(
IV)o
xid
e.Ex
pla
in.
4. Th
edia
gramb
elo
ws ho
wsaji
kowhe
ninuse

(a
)I d
enti
f
ythegasfor
medatre
gionH
(b)Sta
teandex
plai
ntheobs
erv
ati
onmadeatr
egi
onG
5. St
udythedia
gra
mb el
owa n
du s
eitt
oanswert
heque
sti
onst
hatf
ol
lo
w.

(a
)Stat
etheobserv
ati
onma dei
nthecomb us
ti
ontub e
.
(
b)Writ
eane qu
a t
io
nfortherea
cti
onthatt
ookp l
aceinthecombust
iontub
e
(c
)GiveoneuseofP
6. ( a)Id
enti
fytwosubst
ancetha
tarereac
tedtoregene
rateammoniagasi
nthesol
var
ypr
oce
ss
(
b)Wr i
tedownab al
ancedchemic
alequat
ionf
o rt
here a
cti
onabove
7. Wh entheoxid
eo f
ele
me ntHwa sheat
edwithpowderedCarbo
n, t
hemixt
ureg
loweda
nd

41
 Carbo
n( IV)oxidewa sformed.Whenthee x
peri
mentwa srepe
atedusi
ngtheoxi
deofe
lementJ
,
t
herewa sn oapparentreact
ion
(a
)Sug gestoneme thodth a
tcanbeusedtoextr
actele
me ntJfr
omi t
soxi
de
(b
)Arranget heelementsH, JandCarb
oni norde
ro ft
he i
rdec
reasi
ngreac
ti
vi
ty
8. ( i
)Diamo ndan dsi
lic
o n(IV)Oxi
dehaveac er
tai
nsimil
arit
yinter
mso fs
tru
ctu
reandbondi
ng.
St
ateit
(i
i
)Stateo neuseo fdi
amo nd
9. ( a
)Wh atisa l
l
o t
ropy?
(b
)Diamo n dandg ra
ph i
teareal
lot
rope
so fCar
bon.Intermsofstru
ctur
eandbondi
ng
ex
p l
ainwh yg r
aph i
teconduct
sele
ctr
icit
ybutnotdiamond
10. Thediagr
a mb elo
ws ho wsac h
arcoa
lstov
ewi t
hd i
ff
erentre
gions

(
a)Wr
it
eanequ
ati
onfort
hef
ormat
io
no ft
hepr
oduc
tinreg
ionB
(
b)Ho
wwo u
ldoneav
oidt
hepr
o d
uct
ionoft
hepr
oducta
tB?Giv
ear
eas
onf
ory
oura
nswe
r

11. St
udyt
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:

(a
)Ex p
lai
ntheo bs
erva
ti
onma deinth
ecombusti
ontub
eduri
ngt
heexp
eri
ment
(b
)Wr it
eane q
u at
io
nfortherea
cti
ontha
ttake
splac
einth
ecombus
ti
ontube
12. Diamonda n
dg rap
hit
eareall
ot
ropesofc
arbo
n:-
(a
)Wh atismeantbyall
ot
ropes?
(b
)Ho wd otheydi
ffe
rinthei
rst
ruct
ureandbond
ing
13. Stu
d ytheexp
eriment
alse
t-
u pbel
ow:

Ca
rbon(
II
)
Ox
ide
42
 a
)St
atet
woo bs
ervat
io
n smadei
nthesetupasthee
xpe
ri
me ntpr
ogr
esse
d
b
)Byuseofachemic
alequat
ion
,exp
lai
nthechange
stha
toccurr
edinth
eboil
i
ngtu
b e
c
)Whywasitnec
e s
sar
yt ob
urntheex
cessgas?
14. T
hedi
agra
mb el
ows howsth
eh ea
ti
ngcurveo
fap ur
esubs
tan
c e
.Stu
d yi
tan
da n
swert
he
q
ues
ti
onstha
tfol
low:

D W
444

K
ert
aue
r

B C
mp

115
e
T

H
Y
A

(
a)Whatp
hys
ica
lcha
ngesareta
kin
gp l
aceatHandW?
(
b)Whata
ret
hephys
ica
lstT
a
ti
em
se
oft
hesubst
anceatYan
dK?
(
c)Us
ingt
hesi
mplek
inet
ict
h e
oryofmat
ter
, e
xpl
ainwha
tha
ppe
nst
oth
esu
bst
anc
ebe
twe
en

poi
n t
sAa ndC
(d
)T hesubst
anceundert
estisde
fini
tel
ynotwater;
Giveareas
onf o
rthi
s
(e
)Wh atwo u
ldh a
ppentothemelt
ingpo i
ntoft
hissub
stanc
eifitwerec
ont
ami
nat
ed
wit
hs o
diumc hlo
ride
?
(f
)Wh athappe
n st
othetemperat
urebetweenpoi
ntsBandC?
15. Stu
d ytheset
-upbel
owa ndanswerthequest
ion
sthatf
o l
l
ow:

43
 (
a)(
i)NameGa sX………………………………………………………………
(
ii
)Stat
etheeff
ectofrel
eas
ingg asXtot
hee n
v i
ronment
(
b)Writ
ed owneq u
atio
nsforthereac
ti
onstak
ingp l
acein;
(i
)TubeI
(
ii
)TubeII
(
ii
i
)Flas
k
(
c)Stat
etheo bs
e r
vati
onmadei ntu
beIII
(
d)Writ
ed ownane quat
io
nf o
rt her
eact
io
nwh ichcouldbeuse
dtogener
ateCa
rbo
n
(I
V)Oxidefortheabo
vese tup
(
e)Namethereagentsuse
dtog e
ner
ategasxinthela
b or
ato
ry
(
f)Comple
tethediagra
ma bovetoshowho wexces
sg asxcanbec
oll
ect
ed

16. T
hefi
gur
ebe
lowsho
wsthes
tag
esinthemanu
fact
ureo
fso
diu
mca
rbo
nat
e.St
udyt
hed
iag
ram
b
elo
wa n
dus
eitt
oanswe
rth
eq ue
sti
onst
hatf
oll
ow.

F
il
tr
ati
on
Br
ine REACT
ION
CHAMBER1
So
li
dV
Ammo
nia L
iqu
idU

HEAT
ING Car
bon REACT
ION
L
IMESTONE (
IV)Oxi
de CHAMBER2

REACT
ION
CHAMBER3
So
diu
m

Ca
lci
um
a
)(i
)Na met hr
e esta
rti
n gmater
ial
sinth
ema n
ufact
urerofso
d i
umcar
bonat
e.
(i
i)Wh ichsubstancesarerec
ycl
edinthi
sproce
ss?
(i
ii
)Iden t
if
yth echamb er
sinwh i
chther
ecyc
ledsubst
ancesar
ereg
ener
ate
d.
(i
v)Na met hesubstancesUandV.
b
)Giveane quationforthereac
ti
onwh i
choccur
s:
(i
)Inth ereacti
onc hamber1
(i
i)Wh ensolidVi sheated
.
(i
ii
)Int hereacti
onc hamber3.
c
)Stat
eo nec omme rci
alusefor
(i
)So di
u mca rbon
a t
e.
17. T
hes e
t-
u pb e
lowwa su sedtoprep
aredryc
arbon(I
I)Oxi
d egas
.usei
ttoa
nswert
heq
ues
ti
ons
bel
owit:
ch
arcoa
l

44
 (
a)(
i)St
at
etwomi
st
ake
sco
mmi
tt
edi
nth
ese
t-
upa
rra
nge
men
tab
ove

(
ii)Thes tudentproduce
dc ar
bo n(IV)oxideg asfr
omt her e
acti
onb e
tweenLead(I
I)Car
bonat
e
a
n dd il
utehydrochl
ori
ca ci
d. Thegaswa sprodu
c e
df orashortt
imeandthereac
ti
oncame
toas t
op.Explai
n
(i
ii)Wr it
et heequati
onforthereacti
onsta kingpla
ceinth ecomb u
sti
ontubeandtheconi
cal
fl
a s
k:
Comb ustiontube:…………………………………………………………………. .
Conicalflas
k ……………………………………………………………………. .
(
iv)Stateo neu s
eo fcar
bon(IV)Ox idegasa partfr
omf i
ree x
ti
nguishe
r
(v)Givet wop ropert
ie
sthatma kec a
rbon( IV)Oxidetobeu sedasfi
reext
ingui
sher
(b
)Pb O(s)+CO(g) Pb()+C
s O2(g)
Wh ic hpropert
yo fcar
bon(II)Ox i
deisd emo nst
rat
edb ytheaboveequat
ion?
(c
)Al u
mi n i
umc arbonat
ed oe
sn otex i
st
.Giv ear ea
son
(d
)Ammo niumc arb
o na
tedecomp oseswhe nh eate
d.Wr i
teac hemical
equat
ionto
repr
e sentthisde c
omp os
it
ion
18. Sta
tea nde xpl
a i
ntheo bs
ervat
ionma dewh e nap ie
ceofc harco
alisdropp
edinajarcont
ai
ning
concentratedn i
tr
ic(V)aci
d

19. WhenCarbo
n( I
V)o xi
deispasse
dthrou
ghli
mewa te
r,awhit
ep r
eci
pi
tat
eisfo
rme
dbu
t
whenexc
essCarbon(IV)Oxidei
sp a
sse
d,t
hewh i
tepre
cipi
ta
tedis
appe
ars;
(
a)Exp
lai
nwh ythewh i
teprec
ipi
tat
edis
app
ears
(
b)Giv
eane qua
ti
o nforth
ereacti
ontha
tta
kespl
acein(a)abo
ve
20. Th
eset-
upbelowwa susedtoprepa
reacar
bon(I
I)oxi
deg a
s.

So
diu
mme
tha
noa
tes
oli
d

45
 (
a)Gi
veth
en a
meo fsub
sta
nceA………………………………………………………….
(
b)Compl
etet
hediag
ramtosho
wh owt
heg
asc
anb
ecol
l
ect
ed
(
c)Wr
it
etheequa
ti
onforth
erea
cti
on

Ga
sla
ws
1. As a
mp l
eofunk
nownc omp
oundgasXiss
hownbyanal
ysi
stocont
ai
nSulp
hurandOxyge
n.The
gasreq
uire
s28.
3s ec
ondst
od i
f
fus
ethr
oughasmal
lap
ert
urein
toavac
uum.Aniden
ti
calnumb
er
ofoxyge
nmo l
ecul
espas
sthr
oughthes
ameape
rtu
rei
n20seconds
.Det
ermi
neth
emo le
cul
armass
ofgasX(O=16,S=32)

2. (
a)Sta
teGraham’
sLawo fdif
fu
sio
n
(
b)GasVtakes10secon
d stodi
ff
usethr
oughad i
st
anceofon efi
ft
hofamete
r.Anot
her
gasWtakesthesa
met imetodi
ff
usethr
oughad i
st
anceof10c m.ift
here
lat
iv
emo l
ecul
ar
masso
fg asVis16.
0; cal
cul
at
ethemo l
ecul
armassofW
3. (
a)Sta
teChar
les’
Law
(
b)Thevol
umeo fasa
mp leofni
tr
ogengasatate
mp er
atur
eo f291Kand1.0x105Pa
scal
s
-
2 3
was3.
5x10m . Calcul
at
ethetemper
atu
reatwhichthev o
lumeoft
hegaswoul
db e
8x10-2m3a
2. t1.0x105p asc
als
.

4. 60c m3o foxyg

eng a
sd i
ffu
sedthrou
ghap o r
ouspart
it
io
nin50s econd
s.Ho wlongwo u
lditt
ake
60c m3o fsul
phur(I
V)o xi
degastodif
fu
set hr
oughthesamepart
it
ionunderthesamecondit
io
ns?
(S=32. 0,O=16. 0)
5. ( a)Stat
eGr aha
m’slawo fdi
ff
usi
on
3
(b)30cmo fhydr
ogenc hl
ori
degasdif
fusesthr
oughap or
ouspotin20sec
o nd
s.Ho wlong
wo ul
ditta
ke42c m3ofsul
phur(
IV)oxidegastodi
ff
usethr
ought hesa
mep o
tu n
der
thesamecondit
ions (H=1 Cl =35. 5 S=32 O=16)
6. a
)St ateBoyle
slaw
b )Sk et
chag r
aphthatre
p r
esent
sCharl
es’law
3
c )Ag asoccupi
edav ol
umeo f250cma t-23ºCa n
d1a tmosp
here.Det
ermineit
svolume
at127ºCwh enpressur
eiskeptcons
tant.
7. Af a
c t
oryproduce
sCa l
ci
u mOx i
defr
omCa lci
umCa rbonat
easshownintheequati
onb e
low:-

CaCO3(s) He atCa O(s)+CO2(g)

Wh atvolumeo f Carbon( I
V)Ox idewou l
db eproducedfrom1000k go fCal
cium
Carbon atea ts.
t.p( Ca=40, C=12, O=16, Mo l
arg asvolumeats .
t.
p=22. 4dm3)
8. Af ixedma sso fgaso ccupies200c m3atat e
mp er
atur
eo f23oCa ndpressur
eo f740mmHg .
o
Calcul
ateth ev olumeo ft
h egasa t-
25Ca nd780mmHgp r
e s
sure
m3s-1
9. Ga sKd iff
u sesth roughap orousma t
eri
alatarateof12c whereasSd i
ffusest
h r
ough
m3s
-1
thesamema teri
a l
a tar a
teo f7.5c .Give
nth a
tthemo larma s
so fKis16, ca
lcu
lat
ethe
mo l
arma sso fS
10. ( a
)St a
teGa yL ussac’slaw
.11. (a
)Wh atisth ere l
atio
n shi
pb etweentherateofdif
fusi
ono fag asanditsmole
c ul
arma s
s?
(b
)As a
mp l
eo fCarb on(IV)Ox i
d et
akes200s econdstod i
ffu
sea c
rossap or
ou spl
ug.
Howl o ngwi llittakethes amea mountofCarbon(II)Ox i
detodif
fusethr
ou ghthe
samep lug ?(
C=12, O=16)
12. Be lowa res t
ruc tur
e sofp ar
ti
c l
es.Useittoanswerquesti
o nsthatf
oll
ow. I
neac hcaseonl
y
el
ec t
ronsi nth eo utermosten er
g yl
evelareshown
key
P=Pr oton
N=Ne utron
19P
20N

U V 46
W
 X=El
ect
ron

(
a)I
dent
ifyt
hepar
ti
cl
ewh i
chi
sanan
ion
(
b)Cho
os eapa
irofi
sot
ope
s.Gi
vear
easo
n
13. T
hefi
gurebel
owshowstwogas
esPan
dQd i
f
fusi
ngf
romt
woo
ppo
sit
een
ds18s
eco
ndsa
ft
er
t
heexp
eriment
72cm

P Q

54c
m

(
a)Whi
chofth
egas
esha
salig
hterdens
it
y?
(
b)Gi
vent
hatt
hemol
ecu
larmas
so fg
asQis17,
cal
cul
at
eth
emo
lec
ula
rma
sso
fP

14. Id
enti
fythep a
rti
cl
e sthatf
ac i
l
it
atetheel
ect
riccon
ducti
vi
tyofth
efoll
owingsubst
ance
s
(
i)Sodi
u mme tal
(
ii
)SodiumCh lori
des ol
u t
ion
(i
ii
)Mo lt
enL eadBromid e
15. GasBtakes110s ec o
nd stodif
fusethr
oughaporouspot
,howlongwilli
tta
k ef
orthe
s
amea mo untofammo niatod i
ff
useundert
h es
amec ond
iti
onsoft
emp e
rat
ureandpress
ure
?
(
RMMo fB=34RMMo fammo ni
a=17)
16. Agaso c
c u
pies5dm3a tat emperat
ureo 27oCa
f- nd1a t
mo sp
herepre
ssur
e.Ca l
cul
at
ethe
o
v
olumeo ccupi
edb ytheg a
sa tapress
ureof2atmosphe
resandatempera
tureof127C
17. Afi
xedma ssof ga
so ccupi
e s200c m3atatempe
rat
ureof230candapress
ureof740mmHg .
0
Calcu
latethevolumeo fthegasat-25ca nd790mmHgp res
sure
.

18. (
a)St
atetheGr
aham’
sla
w
(
b)100cm3ofCar
bon(I
V)oxi
degasdif
fu
sedth
ro u
ghap o
rouspar
ti
ti
onin30s
eco
nds
.
3
Howlongwoul
ditt
ake150cmo fNit
rog
en(IV)ox
idetodi
ff
uset
h r
ought
hesa
me
pa
rti
ti
onunde
rthes
amec on
dit
ions
?(C=12.0,N=14. 0,
O=16. 0)

T
hemo
le
1. I
nane xp
eri
me ntma g
nesi
umr i
bb o
nwa sheat
edinai
r.Thep r
odu c
tfor
me dwasfou
ndtobe
he
avi
erthantheorigi
nalr
ibbon.Pot
assi
umma ngana
te(VII)wasontheotherhan
d,heat
edin
a
irandproductf
ormedwa sfou
n dtobeli
ghte
r.Expl
ai
nth edif
fe
rence
so ntheobs
erva
ti
onma d
e
2. I
nafil
tr
ati
one x
p e
riment25cm3ofas ol
ut
ionofSodi
umHy dro
xidecont
ai
n i
ng8gper
li
tr
ewa sre
qu i
redforcompl
eteneutr
ali
zat
io
no f0.
245go fadibasi
caci
d.Calcu
lat
e
t
herela
ti
vemo l
e c
ularmassoftheaci
d(Na=23. 0,O=16, H=1)
3. Dg r
amso fPota
ssiumhydrox
idewe r
edis
solv
edindist
il
l
e dwatertomake100cm3ofsol
uti
on.

47
 50c m3o ft
h es ol
utio
nr equi
red50c m3o f2. 0Mn i
tricac i
dforcompleteneut
ral
izat
ion.
Ca l
cu l
ateth ema ssDo fPotassiumh ydr
o xide(RF Mo fKOH=56)
KOH(aq)+HNO3(aq) KNO3(aq)+H2O(l )
4. Wh enex c
es sd i
lut
eh ydrochl
or i
ca cidwasa ddedt os odiums u
lphi
te,960cm3o fsul
phur
ic
(IV)Ox i
d eg aswa sproduced. Ca l
culat
eth ema s
so fs od i
ums ul
phat
et ha
twa sused.
(Mo largasv o l
ume=24000c m3a n dMo l
a rma sso fs ul
p hi
te=126g )
5. Th eeq u
a t
iono ft
heforma t
iono firon( I
II)c hl
o r
idei s
2F e(
s)+3 Cl2(g
) 2FeCl3
Ca l
cu l
ateth ev ol
umeo fchlori
n ewh i
chwi llreactwi t
hi rontofor
m0. 5go fI
ron(III
)chl
ori
de.
(
F e=56 Cl =35.5).Mo l
arg asv olumeat298K=24d m3)
6. 15.0c m3o f ethanoi
ca c
id(CH3COOH)wa sd i
ssolvedinwa t
ertoma ke500cm3o fsol
uti
on.
Ca l
cu l
ateth ec onc
e nt
rat
iono fth esolut
ioni nmo lespe rli
tr
e
[C=12, H=1, O=16, densit
yo fe tha
no icac i
di s1.05g /cm3]
7. Wh en1.675go fhy dr
atedsod i
umc arbona t
ewa sr ea c
te dwit
he x
cessh y
drochl
o r
icaci
d,
t
h evo l
umec arbon( I
V)o xi
deg aso b t
ain
eda troomt emp er
atur
ea n
dp ress
u r
ewa s150cm3.
Ca l
culat
et hen u
mb erofmo leso fwa t
ero fcrystall
izati
oni nonemo leofhydrat
eds o
dium
3
carbon a
te:-( Na =23,H=1, C=12, O=16, MGVa tR.T.P=24000c m)
8. Ho wma nyc h l
ori
deionsa repr e
s entin1.7go fma gn e
s iumchlor
idecryst
als
?
23
(Avo gadro’
sc o nst
ant=6. 0x10 , Mg=24, Cl=35. 5)

9. 0.
84go fal
uminiumreactedc o
mp let
elywit
hc hl
ori
n egas.Cal
cul
a t
ethevolu
meo fc
hlor
ine
3
gasused (Mo l
argasv ol
umei s24dm, Al =27)
10. 6.
4go famixtu
reo fsodi
u mc a
rbonateandsodiumc hlor
idewasd i
ss
olvedi
nwa t
ert
oma ke
3 3 3
50cms olut
ion.25cmo fthesolu
tionwasn e
utral
izedby40cmo f0.
1MHCl (
aq.Wh
) ati
s
heper
c e
ntageofsodiumc hl
o r
ideinthesol
idmi xt
ure?
11 Anu nknownma ss,x,o
fa nh y
drousp otas
si
u mc ar
b on
atewasd i
ssol
vedinwa t
erandthesol
ut
io
nma
de
upto200cm3.25c m3ofthissol
u t
ionrequi
red18c m3of0.22Mn it
ri
c(V)acidforcompl
ete
neu
tra
liz
ati
on.De t
erminethevalueo fx.
(K=39.0,C=12. 0,O=16.0)

12. Ca
lcu
lat
eth
evo
lumeo fo
xygenga
suseddur
ingtheb
urn
ingo
fma
gne
siu
m(O=16,
mol
ar
3
g
asvol
ume=24,000cma tr
oomte
mp e
rat
ure)

13. Ahydrat
edsal
thasth
efollowin
gc ompos
it
ionbymass.Ir
on20.2%, ox
yge
n23.
0%,
su
lphur11.
5%,wa t
er45.3%
i
)Dete
rminet
heformul
ao fthehydr
ate
dsalt(
Fe=56,S=32,O=16,H=11)
i
i
)6.95gofth
eh y
drat
edsaltinc(i
)abo
vewe r
ediss
olve
dind i
st
il
le
dwa t
eran
dth
eto
tal

v
olu
mema det
o250cm3o
fsol
ut
io
n.Cal
cul
at
etheconc
ent
rat
io
noft
her
esu
lt
in
gsa
lts
olu
ti
on
i
nmo l
esp
erli
tr
e.(
Giv
ent
hatt
hemol
ecul
amassoft
hesal
ti
s278)

14. ( i
)L ea d(I
I)ionsr
eactwit
hiodi
d ei
onsac
cor
dingtot
heequ
ati
on;
2+ -
Pb (aq)+2I(a
q) PbI
2(
s)
300cm3o fa0.1ms ol
ut
iono fi
odi
d ei
onswasa
ddedtoaso
lut
ionco
nta
ini
nge
xce
ssl
eadI
Iio
ns.
Ca l
culatethema ssi
ngr a
mso fl
eadIIi
odi
defor
me d
(i
i
)Id en t
if
ythecol
ouro ft
heproduc
tfor
medin(d)(
i)

15. a
)Th
edi
agr
amb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tsp
arto
fth
est
ruc
tur
eofs
odi
umc
hlo
rid
ecr
yst
al

48
 T
heposi
ti
ono f
o neofthes
o d
iumi onsi
nthecryst
ali
sshownas;
i
)Onthedi
agram,marktheposit
ionsofth
eo t
herthr
eesodi
umions
i
i
)Themelt
ingandb oi
li
ngpoint
so fsod
iumchlor
ideare801Cand1413Cre
spe
cti
vel
y.Ex
pla
in
whysodi
umc hl
o r
idedoesnotconductel
ect
ri
cit
yat25C,butd
o e
snotatt
emper
atur
es
bet
ween801Ca nd1413C
b
)Giveare
asonwh yammo ni
ag asishi
ghlyso
lubl
einwa t
er
c)Thest
ruct
ureofammo ni
umi onisshownbelow;
H +

H H
H
Namet hetypeo f bondr epresent
edi nthed i
ag r
amb yN H
d)Carbonexist
sind i
ffer
en tcrysta
lli
nef or
ms .Someo ftheseformswe rerecentlydi
scovered
insootanda rec all
edf ull
e r
enes
i
)Wh atnamei sg i
vent od i
ff
erentc r
yst
alli
nef or
mso fthesamee l
emen t
i
i
)F ul
ler
enesd i
ssolveinme thyl
ben z
enewh iletheotherfor
mso fcar
bo nd onot.Giv
ent ha
tsooti
s
ami x
tureo ffull
eren esando thersoli
dformso fc ar
bon,d e
scribehowc ryst
alsoffull
er
enescan
beo bt
ai
n edf roms oo t
i
i
i)Therelat
ivemo lecularma ssofo neofthef ul
ler
en e
sis720. Wh atisthemo le
c u
larmassof
t
h i
sfull
eren e
16. Ca l
culat
ethev olumeo fo xygenga susedd uri
ngt heburningofma gnesium( O=16, mo l
ar
3
gasv ol
ume=24, 000c ma troomt emp er
ature)
17. St udytheinfo rmati
o ni nthetabl
eb elowa nda nswerthequ e
s t
ionsthatfoll
ow
Nu mbero fc arbona tomsp ermo lec
ule Relat
ivemo le
c u
larma ssofthehydrocar
bon
2 28
3 42
4 56
i
)Wr i
tetheg en era
lformu laoftheh ydrocar
b onsinthet a
ble
i
i
)Pred i
ctther elat
ivea tomicma ssoftheh ydrocarbonswit
h5c arbonatoms
i
i
i)Determinet her e
lativeatomicma sso fth
eh y
drocarbonin( i
i
)a boveandd rawits
str
u ct
uralfo rmula(H=1. 0,C=12. 0)
18. Ah ydrate
ds alth asthef oll
owingc omp osi
ti
o nbyma ss.Ir
on20. 2%, o xy
g en23.0%,
sulphur11. 5%, wa t
e r45.3%
i
)Determinet hef or
mu lao fthehyd r
atedsalt(Fe=56,S=32, O=16, H=11) (
3mk
s)
i
i
)6.95go fth eh ydrat
e ds a
ltinc(i)abovewe redissol
vedind i
sti
ll
edwa terandthetotal
vol
umema det o250c m3o fsolut
ion.Ca l
culat
eth econcentr
a t
ionofther esu
lt
ingsaltsol
uti
on
i
nmo l
espe rlit
re.(Giv enthatthemo lecul
ama sso fthesal
tis278)

19. a )Galv
aniz
edir
onsheet
saremadebydippi
ngthesheet
sinmo
lt
enZ
inc
.
i
)Expla
inhowzin
cp r
otec
tsi
ronfr
omr ust
in
g
i
i
)Na meth
ep r
oces
sappli
edi
ng al
vani
za
tio
no fi
ronwit
hzi
nc
20. Calc
ulat
etheper
cent
ageofcopp
erin1.0goft
hea l
l
oy
(Cu=63.5Mg=24)

49
 21. Af
actor
yu sesnit
ri
caci
dandammo n
iagasastheonl
yreact
antf
orthepre
para
tio
no ft
he
f
ert
il
i
zerifthedai
lypr
oduct
io
nofthefer
ti
li
zeri
s4800kg.Cal
cul
atethemassofammoni
a
gasuseddail
y
(N=14. 0,O=16.0,H=1.0)
22. Cal
cul
atethev o
lumeofsul
phur(
VI)oxi
degasth
a two
uldberequ
iredtopr
oduce178kgof
ol
eumi nstep3molarg
asvol
umea ts
.t
.p=22. 4l
i
tre
sH=1O=16S=32

23. Us ingthean swerind( ii

)above, det
ermin
e:
i)Thevolumeo f1Mn it
ricacidthatwouldrea
ctcomplet
elywithonemo l
eo fcopper
(Cu=63. 5)
ii)Thevolumeo f Nitr
ogen( I
V)o xi
deg a
sp r
oducedwheno nemo l
eo fcop
perr e
acts
wit
he xcess1M n i
tri
ca ci
da troomtemperat
ure
24. As ampleofb i
og a
sc ontai
ns35. 2%b ymassofme t
hane.Ab i
ogascyli
ndercontai
ns5.0kg
ofthega s.Cal
c ulat
e:
(i
)Nu mbe rofmo l
esofme t
ha neinthecyl
inde
r(Mo l
arma s
so fmethane=16)
(i
i)Total
v ol
u meo fcarbon(IV)o x
ideprodu
cedbythec ombusti
onofme t
han einthecy
li
nder
3
(Mola
rg asvo lume=24. 0d ma troomtemperat
ureandp r
essur
e)
25. 0.84go faluminiumwe r
ere ac
tedc omple
tel
ywithchlo
rinegas.Calc
ulat
ethevolumeo fchl
ori
nega
s
3
use
d.(
Mo l
arg asvol
u meis24d m, Al=27)
26. 3. 52go fCarbon(I V)Oxideand1. 40gofwa t
erar
ep r
oducedwh enama ssofah ydroca
rbon
i
sc omp l
et
elyb urntinoxygen.De t
e r
minetheempir
ica
lformulaoftheh y
droc
arb o
n ;
(
H=1, C=12, O=16)

27. Ca lc
u latethen u mbero fwa te
rmo l
e cu
leswhe n34. 8gNa 2CO3x H2Oishe a
tedand15.9gof
an h
y d r
o usNa 2CO3o btained(H=1, O=16,Na =23, C=12)
28. Awe ig heds amp l
eo fc rysta
ll
ineds odiumcarb onate(Na2C O3n H2O)wash eat
edinac r
ucib
le
unti
lth erewa sn ofurtherc hangeinma s
s.Thema ssofth esa mplereducedby14.5%.Calcul
at
e
thenu mb ero fmo l
es( n)o fwatero fcry
stal
li
zati
o n(Na=23, O=16, C=12, H=1)
29. Inar ea cti
on20c m3o f0.1MSo di
u mCa rbonateco mplet
e l
yr eactedwit
h13c m3o fdi
lut
e
sul
phu ricacid.F i
ndth emo l
ari
tyo fthesulp
h uri
ca cidused .
30. Ano r
ga n i
cc omp oundPc o nt
ains68. 9%c ar
bon ,13.5%h y drogena nd21.6%o xygen.
Ther elati
vef ormulama s sofpis74. Deter
min eitsmo l
ecu l
a rformul
a .
[C=12, H=1,0=16]
3 o
31. Ca mp e rsGa scylin
derc o nta
insab out1.12dmo f butaneme asuredat0 and1a t
m.Giventha
t
25%o fh eatislost
,wh a tisthema ximumv olumeo fwatera troomt emperat
urewh i
chcanbe
bo i
l
e dt o100oCi nor dertoma kes omec of
fee?
H=- -
1
C4H10(g)+6½O2(g) 4CO2(g)+5H2O(l;
) 3,000KJ mol
-1 -
(
Spe
cif
i
che
atc
apa
cit
yofwa
ter=4.
2Jg C1,
. d
ens
it
yofwa
ter1g
cm-3Mo
larg
asv
olu
me22.
41a
ts.
t.
p)
32. Ana que oussolut
ionc ontai
ninganhydroussodi
umc arbonat
ewa sprepare
db ydis
sol
ving
19.6go f t
hes a
ltin250c m3o fdist
il
led
. Cal
cula
tethevolu
meo f2Mo fma g
ne si
umchlo
rid
e
soluti
onr equi
redtop recipi
ta
tea l
lthecarbonat
eionsinthesol
uti
o n.
(
Na =23, C=12; O=16; Mg=24; Cl=35.5)
33. 10. 08go fe t
haned i
oi
ca cid(H2C2O4.x
H2O)c ry
sta
lswe r
ed i
ssol
vedinwa te
ra ndmadeto
3 3 3
1dms o lu
ti
o n.25.0cmo fthissol
uti
onwa scomp l
ete
lyneutr
ali
zedby20c mo f0.
2M
sod i
umh ydr
oxidesoluti
o n.
Ca l
c u
la t
e;
i
)Mo l
a r
it
yo fthea c
id
i
i)theva l
ueo fxi nH2C2O4x H2Oa ci
d
34. 1. 6go fma gnesi
umme talisr eac
tedwithexces
sh ydr
ochlor
icacid
.Ca lc
ulat
ethevol
ume
3
ofh ydro ge
ng asp roduc e
da ts.t
.p
.(Molargasvol
umea tst
p=22. 4dm Mg =24)
35. 60l i
tr
e sofsulphur(I
V)o xi
dewe rema detoreac
twith40l i
tr
esofoxyge n
.
a)Wh ichre a
ctantwa sinexce s
sandb yh o
wmu c
h?
b)Wh a ti
st h
ev ol
u meo fthep r
oduct?

50
36. Duri
ngwel
di
ngofcra
cke
drail
wayli
nesb
yth
ermi
te12.0go
fox
ideofi
roni
sre
duc
edb
y
a
lumi
ni
umto8.40gofi
ron
.Deter
minet
heempi
ri
cal
formu
lao
ftheox
ide
(
Fe=56.
0,O=16.0)

Or
gan
icc
hemi
st
ry1
1. Us
eth
efl
owc
har
tbe
lowt
oan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:
U H2O

He
at

Pr
oce
ssK Pr
oce
ssJ
CH2Br
CH2Br CH2CH2 CH3CH3
Ni
cke
lca
tal
yst

Pr
oce
ssT

H H H

C C C

H H H
n
(a
)Wh atobs
erva
ti
onwouldbemadei
nproc
essK?
(b
)Na meanot
h e
rcondi
ti
onsne
ces
sar
yforpr
oces
sJtota
kepla
ce
(c
)Giveth
en ameofsu
bstan
ceU
2. But-
z-
eneundergoe
shydr
ogena
ti
onacc
ordi
ngtothee
quat
io
ng i
venb
elo
w

CH3CH=CHCH3(g)+H2(g) CH3CH2CH2CH3(g)

(
a)Na metheproduc
tfor
me dwh e
nbut-
z-
enere
act
swi
thh
ydr
oge
nga
s
(
b )Sta
teoneindu
str
ialu
seo fhyd
rog
enat
ion
3. Wr i
tethest
ruc
tur
esofthefol
lowi
ngcompound
s:-
(a)Bu t
—2-yne
(b)2,2-di
meth
ylpr
opane
4. a)
Wh a
tismeantbyIs
ome r
is
m?
b)Drawa ndnametwoIsome r
sofbu
tane
.

5. St
udyt
hei
nf
orma
ti
oni
nth
eta
bleb
elo
wan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:

Ion No.o
fpr
oto
ns No.o
fel
ect
ron
s
P3- 7 10
Q+ 19 18
R2+ 12 10

a)Wr
itet
hee
lec
tro
nar
ran
gemento
fel
emen
tP.
b)Gi
veth
egr
oupandp
eri
odtowhi
chel
ement
sQa
ndRr
esp
ect
iv
ely
.
Q……………………………………………………
R……………………………………………………

51
6. Co
mpoun
dWr eac
tedwi
thc
hlo
rin
etof
ormc
omp
oun
dXo
nly
.Th
est
ruc
tur
alf
ormu
lao
f
Xi
ssh
ownbelo
w:
CH3-CH-CH-CH3

Cl Cl
(a)Givet hestr
u ct
uralformulaandn ameo fcomp oundW
(b)Namec ompo undX……………………………………………………………………
7. I
np e t
rolchemicalindust
ries,l
ongc hai
na lkan e
sa r
eb r
okendownintosi
mpl
ersub
sta
nces
inap r
ocessc a
lledcracking
a )Wh yisc r
ackingn ecessar
y ?
b )Stat
et hetwoc ondit
ion sre
q u
iredinc racking
c )Drawt hestruct
ureo f1-chl
o r
o-2,2-dime thyl
propane
8. Inar eact
ionana lcoholKwa sc onve
rtedt oh ex-
1-ene
a)Na mer eage
n tandco ndit
ionnecessaryfo rtherea
ctio
nin6(a)ab
o v
etoo
c c
ur
9. (a)GivetheIUPACs yst
ema ti
cn ameso fcomp ou nd
sQa ndR
Q:CH2CHCl CHlCH2CH3
R:CH3CHCl CH2Cl CH3
(b )Theo r
ganiccomp ou ndsQa ndRi n( b)above,arefor
medwheno n
emoleofhy
droc
arb
on
Nreactswithtwomo l
esofhydroge nch lo
ridegas;
(i
)Structuralf
ormu l
ao fN
(ii
)TheI UPACs ystematicnameo fN
10. Disti
nguishb e
twe e
nt heisotopesandis ome rs
11. Po l
ymerisat
iono fet
h e
n etakesplac
ea ss howni ntheequat
io
nbelow

H H H H
Hi
ghtemper
atu
re
n C =C p
ress
ure C C
n
H H H H

Namethetypeofpol
ymerisa
tio
nu nde
rgonebyethe
n ei
nthere
act
ionabove
12. (
a)St
ateGa yLuss
ac’
slaw
13. 10cm3of meth
ane(CH4)gasisexpl
odedwit
h150c m3ofai
rcont
ai
ning20%o x
yge
n
and80%n it
rogen
.Th eprodu
ctswereal
l
o wedtocool
toroomtemper
atur
e.Whatwi
l
l
bethetot
alvol
umeo fthegas
esattheendofthere
act
ion?

14. Giv
etheo p
e nstr
uct
ure
so f
:-
(
i)3-
c h
lor
oh ex-
l-
yne
(
ii
)CH3OH
15. Afi
xedma ssofgasocc
upie
s105c m3at-
14ºCand650mmHgp r
ess
ure.Atwhatt
emper
atu
rein
3
degr
eesCelsi
uswill
itha
veav o
lumeof15cmi f
thepre
ssur
eisadj
ust
edto690mmHgpress
ure
?
16. Wr i
teanequ a
ti
onfort
hereact
iontha
ttak
espl
acebet
weenethe
neandconce
ntra
ted
Su
lphuri
c(VI)a
cid

17. Pe
tro
leu
m( c
rudeoil
)isamix
tur
eo fs
eve
ral
comp
oun
dswh
icha
res
epa
rat
edi
naCh
ang
amwer
efi
ner
yby
meansof
appar
atu
sa ssho
wnb e
low:

B
C

52
 Cr
udeo
il D
E
F

G
(
a)(i
)Wh atist
hen ameo ftheappa
ratusabove
(
ii
)Wh a
tisthenameo ftheproce
s swhichi
su s
edinsepar
ati
onofcrudeoil
(
ii
i)Wh atphysi
calpr
op er
tyofcomp oundsi
nthemixtu
redoesthesepa
rati
onde
pen
d
(
iv)Usethelet
terAtoGt odesc
ri
b ewh e
rethef
o l
l
owingcoul
db efo
rme d
:.
I.Thefr
acti
ontha tr
epres
entsgases
II
.Thefract
ionthatrepr
esent
st hel
arge
stmo l
ecul
es
III
.Thefra
ctio
nt ha
tr e
p r
ese
ntsliqui
dswit
hthelowestboi
l
ingpoint
s
(b
)St a
tetheuseof pr
odu c
tproduceat
G………………………………………………………………………………………
C……………………………………………………………………………………….
(
c)Drawa ppar
atusfort
hes epar
ati
ono fth
ep r
oductpr
oduceatDan dwater

18. St
udyt
hef
l
owcha
rtb
elo
wan
da ns
wert
heq
ues
ti
onst
hatf
oll
ow:
-
CH3CH3
A St
epI
HCl
CHCH

Br Br
H2O+B O2e
xce
ss St
ep2
H-C–C–H

BrBr
(i
)Gi
vethenameo fthesubst
anceCHCH…………………………………………
(
ii
)Towh i
c hgroupofhydr
ocarb
o nsdoesthesubst
ancein(i
)abo
vebelo
n g?
(
ii
i)Gi
vetwor eagent
stha
tc a
nb eusedtoprepar
ethesubsta
ncenamedin(i)a
bove
(
iv)Stat
etwop hysi
calpr
opert
ie
so ft
hes ub
stancesi
n(i)abov
e
(
v)Givethenamestotheproces
sinstepIan d2
(
vi)Writ
eane quat
iontoshowho wsubst
anceAi sfor
me d
(i
v)Ide
nti
fysubsta
n c
eB ……………………………………………………
19. T hedi
agramb el
owr ep
res
en t
salarge
-sc
a l
efrac
ti
o na
ldis
ti
ll
ati
onpl
antusedtosep
arat
e
thecompon e
ntsA,B,Ca ndDinami xt
u r
e

53
 He
at

(
a)Thec o
mp one nt
shavethefol
lowingave
ragerel
ati
vemolec
ularmasse
sn o
tnece
ssar
il
yint
hat
o
rder;282, 184,44and128.
(a
)(i)Wh atisthephys
icals
tateofBattheposi
ti
onma r
kedQ?
(i
i)Wh i
c hc o
mp one
nth a
sa naver
agerela
ti
vemo l
ecul
arma s
sof128?Expl
ai
n
(i
ii
)Stat
ewi thareasonwh et
herCispureorimpure
(i
v)Expla
inh owt h
emixtureissepa
rat
edintoi
tscomponent
s
(v
)Na met won at
ural
l
yo ccurr
ingmixt
urestha
taresep
arat
edu s
ingthi
spro
cess
20. Thedi
ag r
amb elowr e
pres
entsalarge-
sca
lefr
acti
onaldi
st
il
la
tio
np l
antusedtos
epar
ate
thecompo n
en t
sA, B,CandDi namixtur
e

(
a)Thec ompone nt
shavethefoll
owingaver
agerel
ati
vemole
cula
rma ss
esn o
tneces
sar
il
yint
hat
order;282, 184,44and128.
(
a)(i)Wh atisthephys
icalst
ateofBattheposi
ti
onma r
kedQ?
(i
i)Wh i
c hc o
mp one
nth asanaver
agerela
ti
vemo l
ecul
armasso f128?Expl
ain
(
iii
)Stat
ewi thareasonwh et
herCispureorimpure
(
iv)Expla
inh owt h
emixtu r
eissepa
rat
edintoi
tscomponent
s
(
v)Na met won at
ural
l
yo ccurr
ingmixt
urestha
tarese
parat
edusingt hi
spro
cess
21. a
)Thet abl
ebe l
o wgive
sinf
o rmati
onaboutt
hema j
orconst
it
uent
so fcrudeoil
.Stu
dyitan
d
a
nswe rtheq uesti
onst
ha tfol
l
ow:
Consti
tuent Boil
ingpoi
ntoC
Gases Below40
Pet
rol 40-175
Ker
os ene 175-250
Die
se l 250-350

54
 Lubri
cat
ingoil 350-
400
Bit
umen Above400
i
)Wh i
choftheconst
it
u ent
sofcrudehasmole
culeswiththehi
ghestnumb erofca
rbon
at
oms?Expla
in
i
i
)Na metheproc
essyo uwou l
dusetosep
arat
eami xtur
eo fp
etr
olan ddies
elandexpl
ai
nho
w
thesep
arat
iontake
sp la
ce
i
i
i)Expl
ai
nwh ytheconsti
tuent
sofcrudeoi
ldono thaveashar
pb o
ilingpoint
iv)Namethegasthatisli
kel
ytobeac ons
ti
tuentofcrudeoi
landwr i
teit
sformul
a
b
)i)Wh a
tcondit
ioncouldcauseapois
onousgastob efo
rmedwh enk er
oseneisbur
nt.
Expl
ai
n
i
i
)Giveoneu s
eofb i
t
u men
22. (
a)Theset
-upbel
owwa susedtopr
e p
areet
hyneg as
Wa t
er

So
li
dE+s
and
(i
)I d
entifysoli
dE
(
ii
)Co mp l
e t
ethed ia
gr a
mt os howhowthegascanb
eco
ll
ect
ed
(
ii
i)Wr i
tea nequ at
iontos howh owth
eg a
sisfo
rmed
(
iv)Comp let
et heequa t
ionb e
low: )
C2H2+2I 2
(v)Wh atisthero l
eo fsandintheexpe
ri
ment?
(
b)(i
)Explai
nt heme a
ningo fest
eri
fi
cat
ion
(i
i)Co mp l
etethee quat
ionb el
ow :
CH3COOCH3+H2O
(i
ii)Wh attypeof r
eacti
oni soccur
ri
ngabove
(
c)Giventh ereac
tion:

C8H18 Sol i
dF N+C2H4
(i
)Ident
if
ysubs
tance
:
F…………………………………N………………………………
(i
i)Namethepro
cessre
pre
sent
edabo
v e
?
(
d)Giv
eo neus
eo fs
ubst
anc
eN

Wa
ter Ai
r

El
ect
rol
ysi
s St
epI St
epI
I
23. H2 N2

St
epI
II
55
Ammo
nia
St
ep4 Ai
rPla
tin
u m-r
h o
diu
m
ca
tal
ystat900oC
 (
i)Namea not
hersourceo fhydr
ogena pa
rtfromelect
rol
ysi
so fwate
r
(i
i)Wh a
tcondit
ionsaren ec
e s
sar
yf o
rstepIIItooccur?
(
ii
i)Writ
etheequati
onf orthefor
ma t
ionofco l
ourl
essgasQ
(
iv)Gi
veo neuseofnitr
ic(V)acid
(b)Stat
ea ndexpl
aintheo bser
vat
ionsthatwouldbema deifasampleofco
ppe
rme
tal
is
heat
edwi t
hcon cent
rate
dn it
ri
c(V)acid
24. (
a)Givethesys
tematicname softhefol
lo
wi n
gc ompo u
nds:-
(i
)CH2=C–CH3 .
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.

Br
(i
i
)CH3CH2CH2CCH .
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(
b)Stat
etheo bser
vat
ionsmadewhenbuton-l
-olr
eact
swith:
-
(i
)Acidi
fi
e dpot
assi
umd i
chr
oma t
e(VI)sol
uti
on
(
ii
)Po t
assi
u mme t
al
(
c)Etha
n olobtai
nedfr
omg l
ucos
ec a
nb econver
tedtoethe
nea sshownbel
ow:-
C6H12O6 St e
pI C2H5OH St
ep I
I CH 2=C H2

Namea nddescr
ibet
hep r
ocesse
sthattak
ep l
acei
nstep
sIandII
(
d)CompoundsAan dBh a
vethesamemo l
ec u
larfo
rmul
aC3H6O2.Compou
ndAlibr
ate
s
Carb
on(IV)Oxideonaddi
tio
no faque
ou ssodi
umc a
rbona
tewhil
ecompou
ndBd oesnot
.
CompoundBh asasweetsmell
.Drawthep oss
ibl
est
ruc
tur
esof:
-
(
e)Gi
vetwowa yshowthedis
posalofpol
yme r
ssuchaspol
ychl
oro
e t
hen
ebyburn
ingpoll
ut
es
th
ee nv
ir
onme n
t

25. (
a)Namet
hef
ol
lowi
ngco
mpound
s(CH3)
3CC H2CH2CH3
Uset
hef
lo
wchar
tbel
owtoa
nswert
heque
sti
onsth
atf
oll
ow:
-

HBr
St
epI Hi
ght
emp
era
tur
e 56
J CH3CHCH2 Po
lyme
rK
N1/
H2 Hi
ghp
res
sur
e
St
epI
I Co
nce
ntr
ate
 (b
)(i)Namet h
ef o
llowing:-
I.Ga sS………………………………………………………………. ……. ()
II
. GasP…………………………………………………………………
II
I. J……………………………………………………………………….
(i
i)Na met hep r
o ces
sesinv
olvedinthefol
l
o wi
ngst
eps:
I
.Ste pI …………………………………………………………………………. .
I
I.StepI I …………………………………………………………………………….
I
II.StepIII…………………………………………………………………………….
(i
i
i)Writeac hemicalequati
onforthecomplet
ec o
mbust
ionofs
ubst
anc
eM
(i
v)Na met hecond it
io
na ndreagen
tinstepIII
Condition……………………………………………………………………………………
Reage nt…………………………………………………………………………………….
(
v)Ca l
culatethema ssofsal
tRth a
two ul
db efor
medbyusi
ng21.
9tonne
sofNwh
eni
tre
act
s
wit
he xce
ssso di
umh ydro
xide(C=12. 0 H=1.0 Na=23)
(vi
)Drawt hest
ructureofpoly
me rK
I
I.Stat
eo neuseo fth
ea bov
ep ol
yme r
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(
c)(i
)Namet heclas
st owh i
chthefol
lowingcl
eansi
ngag
entsbel
ong
:-
i
) +
… …… ……… …… …… …… …… …………… …
R–COONa

(
ii
) R –O-
SO3Na ……………………………………………………….
O

I
I.Wh
ichc
lea
nin
gag
enta
bov
eisn
ote
nvi
ron
men
tal
fri
end
ly?Ex
pla
in

26. T
hemole
cularf
ormul
ao fahyd
roc
arbonisC6H14.T
heh
ydr
oca
rbo
nca
nbec
onv
ert
edi
nt
otwo
o
therhy
droca
rbonasshownb yt
heequ
atio
nb el
ow:
C6H14 C2H6+X
(
i)Nameanddrawthep
oss i
bl
est
ruc
tur
alformul
ao fX

57
 (
ii
)St
at
eandexp
lai
ntheobser
vat
io
nstha
twoul
dbemadei
faf
ewd
rop
sofb
romi
newa
ter
we
readde
dtoasampleofX
(
ii
i
)Writ
eanequ
ati
onforth
ec o
mp l
et
ecomb
ust
iono
fC3H8

27. ( a
)Gi v
et hen a
me so fthefol
lo
win g
(i
)CH3CH2CH3
(i
i)CH3CCCH3
(b)Eth
en eisusedi nma ki
ngp ol
yetheneb a
gi nap r
ocesscal
l
edp ol
ymeri
zat
ion
(
i)Namet hetypeo fp o
lymerthatisformedwh ene t
hanepol
yme r
is
e
(i
i)Descri
beas imp l
ec hemica
ltestthatcanb eusedtoide
nti
fyetha
neg a
sinthel
abor
ato
ry
(
c)St
u dytheinfor
ma ti
o ninthetabl
eb elo
wa ndanswerthequest
io
n st
hatfol
low:
-
No .
o fcarbona t
oms R.M.Mo fth
eHy dro
car
bon
2 28
3 42
4 56
i
. Writ
eth egeneralformulaoftheh y
d ro
carbonsinthetabl
eabove
i
i
. Det
ermin ethemo l
ecul
arofah ydrocarb
o nwith5c a
rbonatomsandd r
awitss
tr
uct
uralf
ormu
la
Mo l
ecul
a rformula
Structuralformula
(d)Stu
dyt hesche meb elo
wa nda nswertheq ue
sti
o n
sthatfo
ll
ow

(
i)Na
met here
a g
entsin
StepI ……………………………
StepII ……………………………
StepIV ………………
(i
i)Writ
eane quat
io
nforth
ecompl
et
eco
mbu
sti
onofCHCH
(i
ii
)Givetwou se
sofCH4
28.Giv
ethesyst
ema t
icnamesoft
hef
oll
owi
ngc
omp
ounds
;
i)
CH3=C- CH3

CH3
i
i
)CH3CH2CH2C≡CH

29. St
udyth
ed a
tagi
venint
hefol
l
owin
gtabl
ean
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w.T
hel
et
te
rs
ar
enottheac
tua
lsymbol
sofel
ement
s.

El
emen
t Nu
mbe
rofpr
oto
ns Me
lt
in gpo
int BptoC
A 11 98 890
B 12 650 1110
C 13 60 2470
D 14 1410 2360
E 15 442 280
590

58
 F 16 113 445
119
G 17 -
101 -35
H 18 -
189 -
186

(
i)Sta
teandexpl
ai
nthetre
ndinme l
ti
ngp oi
nti
nABC
(
ii
)Expla
inwh yt
hemelt
ingpoi
ntandboili
ngpoin
tsofel
ementDisthehig
hest
(
ii
i)Expl
ai
nwh ythee
lementre
pres
ente
db ylet
te
rEh ast
wome l
ti
ngpo i
ntval
ues
(
iv)Wri
tedownthechemica
lfor
mulabetweenel
ementCa n
ds u
lph
ateions
(
v)Namet heche
micalf
amil
yinwhichHb el
ongandstat
eoneuseoftheel
ement
(
vi)Whatisth
enatur
eoftheoxi
deoftheele
me nt
sre
prese
ntedbyl
ett
ersCa n
dF ?

30.
a)T
h etableb e
lowg i
vesinformati
o nabo utthema j
orc onsti
tu
en t
so fcrudeo i
l
. Studyitand
answe rthequ est
ionstha tfol
low:
Con st
itue
n t Boil
ingp ointoC
Gases Bel
o w40
Petr
o l 40-175
Kerosene 175-250
Diesel 250-350
Lubricat
ingo i
l 350-400
Bit
u men Above400
i
)Wh ichofthec onsti
tue nt
sofc rudeh asmoleculeswiththeh i
gh e
stn u
mb e rofcarbo
n
at
oms ?Exp l
ain
i
i)Na met hep r
o ce
ssy ouwo u
ldu setos epar
ateami xtur
eo fpetrolandd i
eselande x
plai
nhow
these p
arati
o ntakesp l
ace
i
ii
)Ex plai
nwh ythec onsti
tuentsofcru deoildono thaveasha r
pb oil
ingpo i
n t
iv)Na meth egast hatisli
kelytob eac onst
it
uen tofcrudeoilandwr i
teitsformu l
a
b)i)Wh a
tco ndit
ionco uldcauseap o i
sonousg astob efor
me dwh enk eroseneisburnt
.
Ex pl
ai
n
ii
)Gi veoneu seo fbitumen
31. St udytheinformationint hetablebelowa nda nswerthequ e
s t
ionsthatfoll
o w
Nu mbero fcarbona tomsp ermo lecule Re l
ati
vemo le
c ul
arma sso ft
h ehydroc
arbo
n
2 28
3 42
4 56
i
)Wr i
tetheg eneralfo
rmu l
aoft h
eh yd r
o c
arbonsint h
et a
ble
i
i)Pred i
cttherelat
ivea tomicma ssoft hehydrocarbonswith5c arbona t
oms
i
ii
)De t
erminet herela
tivea t
omicma s softhehydr oca
rbonin( i
i
)a bovea ndd r
awi t
s
struct
uralformula(H=1. 0,C=12. 0)
32. Su bstance“ M”wi t
hag e ner
alformulaC2Hyb ur
n tinchlor
inega swithare dfla
mep roduci
ng
ac l
oudo fblacks p
e cksa ndcolourl
essg asG.
(
a)St atethec ol
lec
tiven amefo rcomp oundswh i
c h‘M’ bel
ongs
(
b )Wi t
hr eason,st
atet heidenti
tyoft heblackspecksa n
dc ol
o urgas“G” .

33. 2.
63go fas ol
utionofso d
iumchlori
dea t20.0oCwasreact
edwithsil
verni
tra
te.
Afte
rfi
lt
rat
io
n,
washi
nga nddr yi
ng,2.36go fs
il
verchlori
dewa sobtai
ned.Dete
rminethesol
ubi
li
tyofs
odium
chl
ori
dea t20.0oC. (
Na =23,Cl
=35.5, Ag=108)
(b
)De t
ermineth enumb erofmole
so fcarbon( I
V)Oxidegasprod
ucedwh ensodi
um
c
arbonatereacte
dwi thdil
ut
esu l
phuric(VI)aci
d(Mo l
argasvol
ume=24d m3)
34. Writ
edowna l
ltheisome r
so fb
ut-
z-enea ndgiveth
eirI
UPACn ame s
35. (a
)Ah ydrocar
b oncomp oundZd e
c o
lourizesbromin
eliqui
dinthepres
e n
ceofli
ghtbut

59
 d
oesn otde
colo
uriz
ea c
idi
fi
edpota
ssiu
mma ng
anate(VI
I).
Namea
ndd
rawt
hes
tr
uct
ura
l
f
ormulaoft
hee i
ghthme mberoft
hishomo
logou
ss e
rie
s
36. (
a)Wh a
tismeantbyisomeri
sm?
(
b)Drawa ndnametwoisomersofBut
yne

Ni
tr
oge
nan
dit
sco
mpo
und
s
1. T
heappa
rat
usbe
lowwasse
t-
u pt
oshowth
eca
tal
yt
ico
xid
ati
ono
fammo
nia
.St
udyt
hed
iag
ram
anda
nswert
heques
ti
onst
hatfo
ll
ow:-
DryNH3(g)

Ho
tn i
chr
ome
wir
e

(i
)Wr
iteanequat
ionfo
rthereact
iont
hatt
akesp
lac
e
(
ii
)Whyisi
tnecess
arytohav
eah otni
chro
mewireint
hegasj
ar
?
(
ii
i
)Wri
tethefor
mu l
aofthecomplexi
onfor
medwhenexc
essa
mmon
iag
asi
spa
sse
dth
rou
gh
2+
asolut
io
nc ont
ai
ningZn io
ns

2. Thed
iagr
amb e
lowsh
owst
hec
ata
lyt
ico
xid
ati
ono
fammo
niag
as.
Usei
ttoa
nswe
rth
e
q
uest
ion
st h
atfol
l
ow:
-

(
a)Whatmeta
lcoul
drodMbemadeof
?
(
b)St
at
ea n
de x
pla
intwoo
bse
rva
ti
onsmad
ein
sid
eth
eco
nic
alf
l
ask

3. Ammo
niag
asi
spr
epa
redi
nth
ela
bor
ato
ryb
yth
eac
ti
ono
fana
lka
lio
nana
mmo
niu
msa
lt
.

60
 As
tud
entwa
nte
dtop
rep
areas
amp
leo
fammo
niag
asi
nth
ela
bor
ato
ry.

(
a)Giv
eo n
eal
kal
it
hatc
a nbeu
sedint
heab
oveex
per
imen
t
(b)Wri
teane
qua
ti
onforth
erea
cti
ont
hatt
ake
spl
acei
nthea
bov
eex
per
ime
nt

4. (
a)Exp
lai
nth
eimpor
tan
c eoft
hehig
hp e
rcen
tag
eofni
tr
ogeni
nai
r
(b)Whyi
snit
rog
enusedfo
rstor
ageofse
me ni
nar
ti
fi
ci
ali
nse
min
ati
on?

5. Thedi
agr
ambe
lowi
sus
edi
npr
epa
rat
io
nofag
asi
nth
ela
bor
ato
ry.
Ans
wert
heq
ues
ti
ons
t
hatf
ol
low;

Ga
sX

Ammoni
um
n
it
ri
te h
ea
Ht
eat Wa
ter

(
a)NamegasX …………………………………………………………………………. .
(
b)St
ateonep
hysi
cal
prop
ert
ywhi
chma
kesi
tpo
ssi
bl
efo
rth
ega
stob
eco
ll
ect
eda
ssh
o *
wn
(
c)St
ateo
necommerci
alu
seofg
asX

6 St
udyt
hef
l
owc
har
tsb
elo
wan
dus
eth
emt
oan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:
NH3(aq)i
nex
ces
s Wh
it
epr
eci
pi
ta
teA
So
lut
io
nA

H2SO4(aq) Wh
it
epr
eci
pi
ta
te

NH3(aq)i
nex
ces
s
So
lut
io
nB Wh
it
epr
eci
pi
ta
teB
H2SO4(aq)
NoWh
it
epr
eci
pi
ta
te
61
 (
a)Ide
nti
fypossi
bl
ecat
io
nsprese
ntin:
(
i)Solu
tio
nA
(
ii
)Solut
ionB
(
b)Stat
eande x
pla
int
heobser
vat
ionsmadewhenas
ampleofd
rywhi
tepre
cip
itat
eBis
hea
tedina test
-t
ube
7. T
heset-
upb el
owisanar
ran
geme n
tshowi
n gh
owmetal
srea
ctwit
hni
tro
gen(IV)oxi
de.
Stu
dyitanda n
swert
hequest
io
nsthatf
ol
low:
-

Co
ppe
rme
tal

He
at

(
a)Nitr
ogen(IV)oxi
deispasse
dthroug
hthecomb ust
iont
ubebefor
ecopp e
rishea
ted.
Giv
e ar ea
sonforthi
s
(
b)Stat
etheob s
ervat
io
nst h
atwouldbemadeattheendoftheexp
eri
me nti
nthecombust
ion
tu
be
(
c)Nameg asN……………………………………………………………………. .
8. (
a)Inhaberproce
sshydrogenandnit
roge
nreacti
nt h
ep r
ese
n c
eoffi
nelydivi
dedi
roncat
al
yst
.
Expl
ai
nwh ythecatal
ysti
sfi
n e
lydi
vi
ded
(
b)Ami xt
ureofN2,H2andNH3wa sbubbl
edthr
o ugh0.2Mhydroc
hlor
ica c
idsol
ut
ion.
Thefi
nalconce
n t
rat
ionoftheaci
dwasfou
ndt obe0.1M.Giveexp
lanat
ion

9. I
nane x
peri
ment,af
ewd r
o p
so fconc
entr
atedni
tr
icacidwer
eaddedtoaqu
eou
sir
onI
Isu
lph
ate
i
nat es
t-
tube
.Exces
sa mmo niasol
uti
onwa sth
enad de
dtothemixt
ure
(
a)Sta
teth
eo bs
erva
ti
o nsthatweremadewh en:
-
(
i)Conce
ntra
tednit
ri
ca cidwasaddedtoaqueousir
on(II
)su
lphat
e
(
ii
)Exces
sammo niawa saddedtothemixt
ure
(
b)Writ
eanioni
ce q
ua t
ionfortherea
cti
onwh i
choc c
urre
dina(i
i)abov
e

10. T
hec
har
tbe
lows
howsas
umma
ryf
ort
hep
rep
ara
ti
ono
fni
tr
oge
nga
sfr
oma
ir
Sodi
um He
ate
d Ni
t
rog
eng
as
Ai
r Hydr
oxi
de Co
pper
so
lut
ion

I I
I I
II
(a)Wh atisthepur
p os
eo fthesodi
umh y
droxi
de?
(b)Writeane qua
ti
o nfortherea
cti
ont ak
ingpla
ceinchamberII
(c)Then i
trogengasobtai
nedisn o
tp ur
e.Expl
ain
11.
Dilu
tenit
rica ci
disaddedtoe xc
essgreensoli
d.Ef
fer
vesc
enceoccur
sandabl
uesol
uti
oni
sfor
med.
Wh enexcessammo ni
as ol
utionisaddedtoas a
mp l
eofthesol
ut
ionadeepb
lues
olu
ti
onisf
ormed
(
a)Ident
if
yth eanionandcationinthegreensol
id:
(b)Writ
eani onicequa
tionforthereac
tionfor
mingdeepb l
uesol
ut
ion

62
12. Thedi
agr
amb e
lowisas
et-
upf
orp
rep
ara
ti
ona
ndc
oll
ect
io
nofag
as.
Stu
dyi
tan
swe
rth
e
q
uest
io
nstha
tfol
lo
w:

(i
)Ide
nti
fygasX ………………………………………………………….
(i
i)Wri
teanequa
ti
onforthefor
ma t
iono fgasX
(
ii
i)Whatpre
caut
io
ns hou
ldbeo b
servedwh enpr
epar
ingg
asXb
yth
eab
oveme
tho
d?
(
iv
)Descri
bethesui
t
abledry
ingagentforgasX
(
v)Howc a
no neconf
ir
mt h
atthegascollec
tedi
sgasX?
(v
i)St
atetwophys
ical
proper
ti
esofgasX

(
b)T
hed
iag
rambel
owisaset
-upuse
dinp
rep
ara
ti
ono
fammo
nias
olu
ti
on.
Stu
dyi
tan
dan
swe
r
theq
ues
ti
onsth
atfol
lo
w

(i
)Whatist
hepurposeofthefi
lt
erfunne
lintheset
-upabove
?
(i
i
)Wh a
two ul
dh a
ppenifad e
liv
erytu
bewa suse
dinp l
aceofthefi
l
terfun
nel?
(
ii
i
)Wh a
to bs
erv
ati
onwo ul
db ema deonli
tmuspaperpl
acedint
othes o
lut
ioni
nth
ebe
ake
r
a
ttheendofthee xpe
riment?
13. T
hefol
lowin
gflowchartshowstheind
ustr
ialmanuf
actu
reofNit
ric(V)aci
d.
a
)Ide
nti
fysubst
anceB,C,Ea ndF.
b
)Descr
ibewhathappensinthecat
aly
ti
cch a
mb e
r.

63
 c)St
atewhatta
kesp l
acei
nc h
amb e
rD.
d
)60–65%n i
tr
ic(V)aci
disprodu
cedinthea
bsorp
ti
oncha
mb e
r.De
scr
ibeh
owt
hea
cidc
anb
e
con
c e
ntr
ate
d.
e)St
atewhynit
ric(V)aci
disst
ore
dind a
rkbot
tl
es.
f)Co
pperreac
tswithnit
ri
c(V)aci
dandnothydr
ochl
ori
cac
id.
Expl
ai
n.

14. T
hef
l
owc
har
tbe
lowi
l
lus
tr
ate
stwoi
ndu
str
ia
lpr
oce
sse
s,Ha
berp
roc
essa
ndt
heCo
nta
ctp
roc
ess
:

(
i)Givethen ameo ft
hep r
ocessbywhichairisseper
ate
dintooxy
genandnit
rog
en
(
ii
)Ap ar
tfromo xygenandn i
troge
ng a
sesproducedfromproce
ss(a)
(i
)Name
oneo t
he rgasproduce
d
(
b)Na meth esubsta
nc e
srepres
entedbythelett
ersA,B,CandE
(c)Namet hec a
taly
stsusedin:
(
i)Ha berProcess ……………………………………………………………………. .
(i
i)ContactProces
s ……………………………………………………………………. .
(
d)Ex pl
ai
nt heroleofthecat
alyst
sinbot
ht heHa be
randtheContac
tproc
ess
es
(
e)Wr i
teac hemicalequat
ionforthef
ormati
ono fcompoundB
(
f)Calcul
atethep er
centa
geb ymassofthenit
rogenp r
esen
tincompoundD
(
g)Gi v
eo nema j
o ruseofcompoundE

15. T
hed i
agr
ambel
owrep
res
ent
saset
-upu
sedt
oob
tai
nni
tr
oge
nfr
oma
ir
.Studyi
tan
d
ans
wertheq
ues
ti
onst
hatf
ol
low:
-
Nit
rog
engas

So
li
dQ

HEAT

64
 (
i)Namesoli
dQ ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(
ii
)Wh ati
sthepur
poseofsodi
umh ydrox
ide
(
ii
i)Writ
eanequat
ionfo
rthereact
ionwhichtoo
kp l
aceintube“P”
(
iv)Gi
vethenameofoneimpuri
tyintheni
tro
geng a
so bt
a i
ned
(
v)Givearea
sonwhyliqui
dnit
rogenisusedf
orstor
ageo fsemenforar
ti
fi
cia
linse
minati
on

(
b)T
hes
et-
upb
elo
wwa
sus
edt
opr
epa
ren
it
ri
cac
id.

(
i)Gi
vethena
meo fl
iqu
id‘R’ ...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(
ii
)Expl
ai
nthefo
ll
owing:
-
(
a)Ni
tr
icaci
disst
oredi
nda r
kb o
ttl
es
(
b)Th
ereact
ionbet
weencoppermetalwi
th50%n it
ri
cacidinanopentubegiv
esbrownfume
s

16. St
udyt
hef
l
owc
har
tbe
lowa
nda
nswe
rth
equ
est
io
nswh
ichf
ol
lo
w:

Ni
t
rog
en Hy
dro
gen
I
II Ai
r
L
iqu
idF

I Ga
sM

Ammo
nia I
I Cata
lystP Abs
orp
ti
on NO2+
o
Ai
r (700C) t
ower Ai
r
I
V

Ni
tr
ica
cid
(
i)Gi
veones
ourc
eoft
hef
ol
lo
win
gra
wmate
ri
al
s (
s)
(
a)Nit
roge
nga
s ………………………………………………………………………………..
(
b)Hydro
genga
s…………………………………………………………………………………. .

65
 (i
i)Stat
ethreecondi
tio
nsrequi
redinproc
essI
(i
ii)Name:cataly
stP…………………………………………………………………
GasM……………………………………………………………………. .
……
(i
v)Wr it
ech e
mi ca
lequat
ionsf
or;
(a
)F ormati
ono fgasM
(
b)Th erea
cti
oni ntheabs
orpti
ontower
(v)Givetwore a
sonswhystepIVisnece
ssar
y
(vi
)De scr
ibeh owyouwo u
ldtes
tifagiv
enli
quidi
sanit
rat
e
(vi
i)Givethre
eu sesofni
tr
icaci
d
17. Thed ia
gramb elowshowstheappar
atu
sforthel
abor
ato
rypre
par
ati
ono
fon
eoft
heo
xid
es
o
fNi tr
ogen

a)(i
)Na met heg asb ei
ngp r
o duced
(i
i)Writethee quati
o nforthethermaldecomp osit
ionofa mmo ni
umNi t
rat
e
(i
ii
)Th egasisb eingc ol
lec
tedo verhotwater.Explai
n
(i
v)Statean dexplaintheobse r
vati
onsma dewh e
nb urningsulphurislo
we redintoa
gasjarcon ta
iningtheg as
(b)(
i)Na met hec at
alystuseddu r
ingcatal
yti
co xidat
iono fammo nia
(
ii
)Ni t
ro gen(IV)o x
ideisthefinal
p rod
uc tduri
ngc ataly
ti
co x
idati
ono fammo ni
a.
Writeac hemi ca
l e
quationfori
tsforma ti
on
(i
ii
)St a
tet wop hysic
a ld
if
ferencesbetweenNi tr
ogen( I)oxi
dean dNitrog
e n(IV)Oxi
de
(
c)Ni tr
ica ci
disp repare
dint helaborat
oryb yacti
ono fc onc
entrat
edsu l
phu r
ic(VI)a
cid
o nas u i
tabl
eNi tra
teandd ist
il
li
ngo f
ftheNi tr
icacid,inal
lglassapparatus
.
(i
)Wh ymu stthea ppara
tusb emad eofgla s
s?
(
ii
)Ho tc oncentrat
edNi t
ricacidre
a ct
swi t
hs ul
ph u
ri ntheequationbelow:-
S(s)+6HNO3(aq) H2SO3(aq)+6NO2(g)+2H2O(l)
(I)Identif
yth especie
s:-
Oxidised………………………… Reduce d…………………………………
(I
I)Puren itr
icacidisco l
ourl
e s
sb utt
h eprodu c
tduringitsprepa
rationisusuall
yp a
leyel
lo
w.
Expl
ain

18. a
)Des
cri
bet
hepr
oces
sbywhi
cho
xyg
encanb
eobta
ine
dfro
ma i
ronla
rges
cal
e
b
)Th
eflo
wchar
tbel
owsho
wst
hei
ndus
tr
ia
lmanu
fac
tur
eofni
tr
ic(V)a
cid
X Y D
Pu
rif
i
er Ca
tal
yt
ic Heat Abs
orp
ti
on
chambe
r ex
chang
er t
ower
Y Y Ni
tri
c(V)
ac
id
i
)Id
enti
fysub
sta
ncesXandY
i
i
)Wr i
teanequa
ti
onfort
her
eact
io
ntak
ingpl
aceinth
eabs
orp
ti
ont
ower
i
i
i)Theconc
entr
ati
onoft
hea
cidobt
ai
nedisa
bout60%.Howcant
hi
sconc
ent
rat
io
nbei
ncr
eas
ed

66
 t
oa b
out65%?
i
v)Afac
tor
yusesnit
ri
c(V)a
cidandammoni
aast
heonl
yreac
tan
tsf
ort
hepro
duct
io
nofafe
rti
l
ize
r.
Ifamassof9600kgoff
er
til
i
zerwasp
rod
uced
,ca
lcu
lat
ethemas
sofammoni
agasn
eed
ed
(N=14, H=1, O=16)

1.
9
AI
R

F
il
te
r

St
epI

So
diu
mh ydr
oxi
de
sol
ut
io
n
St
epI
I

Co
olt
o-25oC St
epI
II Ai
rco
mp r
ess
eda
nd
ex
pande
d
St
epI
V

Pr
oce
ssX

O2 N2 Ar
196oC -
- 186oC

(
a)Namea nothe
rs u
b s
tancewh i
chcanbeu s
edinst
eadofsodi
umh y
dro
xide
(
b)Wh ati
sthefuncti
ono ff
ilt
ers
?
(
c)Iden
tif
ythesubstanc
er emovedatst
epIII
(
d)Atwh att
emperatur
ed oesli
qui
do xy
gendist
il
?
(
e)Iden
tif
yp r
ocessX
(
f)Descr
ibehowp roce
ssXo c
curs
(
g)I.St
a t
eoneindustr
ialuseofNitr
ogen
(
II
)Airisamixtur
eb utnotacomp ound.
Givetworea
sons
20. Usingc hemicalequati
onss howtheb l
eachi
nga c
tio
nso fchl
ori
neandsul
phur
(I
V)o
xid
e
21. T
h ediagr
a mb e
lowr epres
e n
tsa nincompl
eteset
-upforpr
epar
ati
onofadrys
ampleofgasR

67
 a
)Comp l
et
ethese
t-
uptoshowhowad r
ys a
mp l
eofgasRiscol
l
ecte
d
b
)Wr i
teache
mical
equat
io
nforth
ereact
ionth
atprod
u c
esgasR
22. T
hed i
agrambel
ow wasusedt
oi nv
est
igat
ethereac
tio
nb e
tweenni
tr
oge
n(I
)ox
idea
ndc
opp
er
t
urn
ings.
Stud
yitanda
nswerth
eq ue
sti
onstha
tfol
l
ow:

a
)Whatha
sbeenomi
tte
dinth
eset
-up
?(s
howitonth
ed i
agr
am)
b
)Wri
teache
mica
lequat
io
nfort
here
act
io
nth
att
ookpl
acei
nthec
omb
ust
io
ntu
be
c
)St
at
eoneuseofga
sP

23. Whensulphurpowderi
sh ea
tedtoover400oCt hefol
lo
wingchangesareobser
ved:
-
At113oCitmelt
sintoli
ghtbrownli
q u
id .T
heliq
u i
dthendark
enstob e
comer eddi
sh-
brown
o o
a
ndveryvi
scousat160C. Above160Ct heli
quidbecomesal
mostb l
ack.Attheboi
l
ingpoin
t
t
heli
qui
db eco
me smobile
.Expla
intheseo bs
ervat
ion
s
24. Conce
ntra
tedsodiu
mc hlor
ide(Br
ine)wa sel
ectr
olys
edu si
ngpl
at
inume le
ctrode
s.
Whatwouldbethedif
fer
enceinter
mso fprod
uctsateachel
ect
rod
ei fdi
lut
es o
diumchlori
de
sol
ut
ionwasu s
edinp l
aceofbri
ne.Explai
n

25. (
i)Nit
roge
n(I)Oxi
desup
por
ts
,comb ust
ionofbu
rningcha
rco
al.Wri
teanequat
io
n
tosho
wt hi
srea
cti
on
(
ii
)Ammo ni
umn it
rat
eca
nbeheate
dt ogi
veoffni
tr
ogen(I
)Oxid
e.However
,amixtur
e
ofNH4ClandNaNO3i
spr
efe
rred.Expl
ai
n
(
ii
i)Ammo n
iatur
nswetr
edl
it
mu spaperbl
ue.Whic
hi o
nisre
spons
iblef
ort
hisrea
cti
on

68
26. St
udyt
hes
che
meb
elo
wan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:

So
li
dE+Ca
(OH)
2pa
ste

St
epI Wa
rm

Ammo
niag
as

St
epI
I Passt
hro
ughalu
mini
um
s
ulp
hat
esolu
ti
onandf
il
te
r
So
li
dF

(
a)Na
mesoli
dsEa
ndF
(
b)Wri
ted
ownabal
anc
ede
qua
ti
onf
ort
her
eac
ti
onst
hatl
eadt
ofo
rma
ti
ono
fso
li
dF

27. Wh enaf ewd r

op sofaq ue
ousa mmo niawe r
ea dd
e dtoac olou
rle
sssolut
io
nX, awh i
te
preci
pit
atewa sforme d.Onad di
ti
ono fmo reaqueousammo ni
a,th
ewh it
eprecip
it
ate
diss
o l
vedtoac olourle
sssoluti
onQ
(a)Namet hewh itepreci
pit
ateformed
(b)Writefor
mu lao fthecomp l
exionp r
e s
entinthec ol
ourl
e s
ssolut
ionQ
(c)Writ
ea nionice quati
onfortheforma t
ionofthewh i
tep re
cipi
ta
te
28. Thefir
sts t
epinth eindust
ri
al manufact
u r
eo fni
tr
icc i
disthec a
tal
yti
coxid
ati
o nofammoni
a
gas.
a)Wh atisthenameo fthecatal
ystused?
b)Wr i
tethee quati
onf ort
hec at
alyt
ico xi
dati
onofa mmo niagas.
c)Nitr
ica c
idisu sedtoma keammo niumn itra
te.Stat
eon euseofammo ni
umn i
tr
ate
.
29. Explai
nwh atisob serv
edwh ena mmo niagasisbu bbl
edintoCopper(II
)sul
phatesol
uti
on
ti
llinexcess.
30. (a)Stat
ethec onditi
onsu nderwhichn i
trogenrea
c twit
hh ydroge
ntof o
rma mmo ni
aduri
ng
Ha berprocess
(b)Wh end r
ya mmo n i
ag a
sisp a
ssedo verhotcopp e
r(II
)Ox id
e,ashinnybrownresi
due
andac olourlessdropl
etsarefor
me d.Ex p
lai
nt he
setwoo bserv
ati
ons
31. Studytheflowc hartbelowan danswertheq uest
ionsthatfol
low

He
ate
d Ga
sA
NH3(aq)
Co
pper(
II
)
Ox
ide L
iqu
idB

(
a)Sta
tet
heo b
ser
vat
io
nmadewh
ena
mmoni
aispa
sse
dov
erh
eat
edCo
ppe
r(I
I)Ox
ide
(
b)Ide
nti
fy:
-
(i
)GasA ………………………………………….………
(i
i
)Liqu
idB ………………………………..
…………………

Su
lph
ura
ndi
tsc
omp
oun
ds
1. Su
lphuri
sex
tr
act
edf
romunder
grou
ndd
eposi
tsb
yap
roc
essi
nwh
icht
hre
eco
nce
ntr
icp
ipe
sar
e
su
nkdowntot
hedepo
sit
sassh
ownbel
ow
J

L
K
69
 (
a)Na
methepro
ces
srepr
ese
n t
edabov
e
(
b)Whati
spa
ssedd
ownthroughpi
peJ?
(
c)Na
methetwoal
l
otr
opesofsul
phu
r

2. Comme r
cialsul
p hu
ricaci
dh asad en
sit
yof1.8gcm3.
(a
)Calcul
atethemo l
a r
it
yo fthi
sacid
(b)Dete
rmin ethevolumeo fcommerci
alaci
din(a)abo
vetha
tcanbeuse
dt opr
epare
3
500cmo f0.
2MH2SO4s olut
ion
3. Oleu
m( H2S2O7)isaninter
me diat
eproduc
tintheind
ustr
ia
lmanuf
act
ureofsul
phur
icaci
d
(a)Howiso leumc o
n v
e r
tedintosul
phur
ic(IV)a
cid?
(b)Giv
eo neu seofsul
p hur
icacid
4. Dif
fer
ent
iateb e
tweentheb l
e a
chingact
io
no fchl
ori
deandsul
phu
r(IV)ox
idegas.

5. (
i)Isconcentr
atedsulphur
icacidawe akacidoras tronga c
id?
(
ii)Expl
ai
ny ouranswerin(i)above.
6. I
nt hema nuf
actur
eo fsul
phu r
icacid,
sulphur(IV)ox i
deisox i
diz
edtos u
lphur(VI)oxi
de.
a)Namet hecata
lystused
b)Wr i
teth
ee quati
onrepresent
ingtheco nv
ersi
o no fsul
phur(IV)oxi
d etosul
p hur
(VI)
ox i
de
c)Expl
ainusingequ a
ti
onsh owd il
ut
es ul
phuri
ca cidisfi
na l
lyobtai
nedfromsu l
phur(VI)oxi
de
7. Wh enamix t
ureof co
ncentr
a t
eds ul
phuri
cac i
da ndc oppertur
n i
ngsisst
ronglyheate
d,
ac ol
ourl
essgasan dsol
idmixtureofwhiteandb l
a c
ks ol
idsa r
eformed.Wh enthissol
id
mixtur
eistre
atedwi t
hd i
st
il
ledwa t
er,andfi
lter
e d,abluesoluti
onandb lac
ks ol
idres
idue
arecol
lect
ed.Explai
ntheo bser
vati
onso ntheso l
idmi x
tureformedintheabovee xpe
riment
8. Theset-
upb el
owi susedtop r
eparedrysulphur(IV)Ox i
deinth el
aborat
o r
y.Answerqu est
io
ns
t
h atf
oll
ow: dil
ut
eH2SO4
Ga sj
ar

So
diu
m
Su
lph
it
e Co
nc.
H2SO4

(
a)Id
enti
fythemist
akeintheset
-up
(
b)Writ
eane quat
io
nforthereact
ionintheset-up
(
c)St
atehowt h
ep ol
lu
tingef
fect
softheg a
so ntheenvi
ronmentc
anbecont
roll
ed
9. (
a)St
atet
h eobser
vat
ionma deatt
heen dofthee x
peri
mentwhenamix
tur
eo fi
ron
powderands ul
phurareheat
edinat es
t-
tube
(
b)Writ
eane quat
io
nforthereact
ionbetweenthep r
oducti
n(a)a
bov
eandd i
lut
e
hy
drochl
ori
cacid
(
c)Whenami xt
ureofir
onp owderandsulphurisheat
editgl
owsmor
eb r
igh
tlyt
han
tha
tofiro
nf i
l
li
ngsands ulp
h u
r.Expla
inthisobser
vat
ion

70
10. (a
)Na meo n
ereagentthatc a
nb erea
ctedwi t
hd i
lut
ehydrochl
ori
cacidtop r
oduce
Sul
p hur(I
V)o xi
de
(b)Wh atwouldbeo bser
v e
di fmo is
tblueli
tmu spape
risdroppedin
toag asjarof
sul
ph ur(I
V)oxide?Ex pla
iny ouranswe rwit
ha nequa
ti
o n
11. (a
)Statetwop ropert
ie
sth atvu l
cani
zedru b
b e
rp os
sesasaresul
tofvulca
nizat
ion
(b)DuringFrasc
hp rocessmo ltensul
p h
u rfl
owso utt
hroughthemiddlepi
p ebutnot
thr
ou ghtheouterpipe.Givear eas
on
12. (a
)Gi v
et woreasonswh yd uri
n gthema nufac
tureofsul
phuri
c(VI)aci
d,sulphur(
VI)Ox
ide
,
i
sdissol
vedinco nc
entratedSu lp
hu r
ic(VI)a c
idins
tea
do fdi
ssol
vinginwa t
er
b)Stat
eo neu s
eo fsul
p h
u r
ic( VI)aci
d
13. Thed i
agramb el
owma ybeu sedt oreac
th ydr
og e
ns ul
phi
dea n
ds ul
phur(IV)oxid
e.
Studyitanda ns
we rth
eq ue s
tionsthatfol
low:-

(a
)Whati
sobserv
edinthejar
s
(
b)Wr
it
ea nequ
ati
onforthereac
ti
on
(
c)Wh
atisth
eroleofsul
phur(I
V)oxid
eint
herea
cti
on
14. T
hedi
agra
mb el
ows ho
wst heext
rac
ti
onofs
ulp
hurbyFr
asc
hpr
oce
ss.
A
B
C

Gr
oun
dle
vel
Su
lph
urb
eds

a
)Statetheuseso fp i
pesA,Ba ndC.
b
)Givet wocryst
alli
r i
ca l
lot
ropesofsulp
hur.
c
)Wr i
tea nequati
o nfortheco mbusti
onofsul
phur
.
d
)Na met heproduc tf
ormedwh e
nami xtur
eofsul
phuran
dIro
nisheat
ed.
e
)Givet wouseso fs u
lphur
.
f
)6.0d m3o f
s u
lphu r(I
V)oxidewe reoxi
di
zedbyoxyg
entosul
phur(
VI)ox
ide
.
(i
)Wr it
eane quationforthereact
ion.
(i
i
)Ca lcul
atethen umb e
rofmo lesofsul
phur(
IV)oxi
deandox
ygenuse
datR.T
.P.
(i
i
i)De te
rmineth evolumeo foxygenused.

71
 (
Mo l
arv
olu
meofagasatR.T
.P.i
s24.0dm3)
15. Th
ediagr
amsbel
owr
epre
senttwoall
ot
rop
esofSul
phu
r.St
udyt
hema
nda
nswe
rth
equ
est
io
ns
whi
chfol
low:
-

X Y

(i
)Na methetwoall
otr
opesl
abell
edXandY
(i
i)(
I)Expl
ainwhyap i
eceofburni
ngmag ne
siumcont
in
uestoburninagasj
arofSu
lph
ur
(
IV)Oxi
d e
(I
I)Expl
ai
nh owo neoft
heproduct
sfor
me din(I
)abov
ecanbeobtain
edfro
mthemixt
ure
16. (a)(
i)Namet h
etwoc r
yst
all
i
neformsofsulphu
r
(
ii
)Bri
efl
ye x
plai
nhowp l
ast
icsul
phurisfo
rmed
(b)Thesc
he mebelo
wr ep
rese
ntsthes
tepsfol
lowe
dintheco
n t
actproc
ess
.St
udyita
ndans
wer
t
heq u
estio
nsthatf
oll
ow:-
Soli
dA Ai
r

Bu
rne
r
SO2
Air

Pu
rif
i
er
Co
nc.
H2SO4
Dr
ySO2a
nda
ir
(
a)Namet wop ossi
bl
eident
Si
t
Oi
e sofs ol
idA Heatex
changer
(
b)Nameo A
nbso
eirp
mpt
i
uo
rn
i
ti
esremo
3
vedb C
yto
hol
epe
ur
ri
fi
er
(
c)Wh yisi T
tno
ew
ce
er
s
sarytoremo veimp ur
iti
es? SO3
(
d)Wr i
tedownOtl
e
hu
em
equati
ono fther e
acti
ontakingpla
ceS
iO2
ntheconve
rte
r
(
e)(I
)Na met h
etwoc atal
yst
st hatcanb eusedinthecoA
ni
vr
e
rter
(I
I)Wh atD
ii
sl
u
tt
h
ee
rf
un c
ti
ono fh eatexchange
r?
(
f)Sul
ph u
ric(VI)Oxi
de i
sno tdissolv
ed di
rect
lyint
owa t
eC
ra
?t
Ea
xl
y
pt
i
l
ac
i
n
Conc.H2SO4 conve
rte
r
(
g)(I
)Na met hemainpoll
utantint hecontac
tp r
ocess
.
(
II
)Ho wc anthepoll
uti
oni n(g )(I
)abovebec ont
rol
l
ed?
(
h)Giveoneu seofsulphu
ric(VI)a ci
d

7. T
hes
et-
upb
elo
wwa
sus
edt
opr
epa
red
rys
amp
leo
fhy
dro
gens
ulp
hid
ega
s

72
 (a)(i)Comp l
etethed i
agramt os howh o wt
h egaswasco l
l
ecte
d
(
ii)Identi
fyth efol
lowing :
-
I. Soli
dH ………………………………………………………………………………
II.So li
dI ……………………………………………………………………………. .
(i
ii
)Wr it
ea ne quati
onforth ereactio
nt hatoccur
redinthefl
askbet
we e
ns ol
idHa n
dd i
l
ute
Hy d
roch l
oricacid
(
b)Wh enh y
drog ensulphideg aswasp a s
sedthroughasolut
ionofIro
n( I
II
)chlori
de,
thef
oll
owing
ob serv
ati
o nswe rema de:-
(i
)th ec ol
ou rof t
hes ol
u t
ionc ha
n gedf r
omr eddi
sh-
browntog r
eenand
(
ii
)ay ell
ows olidwa sdepo si
ted
Ex pl
ai
nt heo bserva
tion
(c
)I nt hema n u
factureofSu l
p hur
ic( VI)aci
db ycont
actproce
sssulph
ur(IV)oxi
deismadeto
re actwitha i
rtofo r
ms u l
ph u
r( VI)oxideasshown:-
2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g) H=- 196KJ
(
i)Na methec atal
ystinth i
sreaction
(
ii
)St ateande xplai
nt heeffectofthefo l
lowi
ngc han
geso ntheyi
eldofsul
phur(VI
)oxi
de
I.Increasi
ngt hep r
essure
II.Usingac atal
yst
(i
ii
)Ex pl
ainwh ys ul
ph ur(VI)oxideg asisabsor
bedinconcentr
ate
ds ul
phur(VI
)aci
dbefor
e
d i
luti
on

18. Th
efl
owchar
tbe
lowshowsasequ
enceo
fch
emi
cal
rea
cti
onss
tar
ti
ngwi
ths
ulp
hur
.
Stu
dyi
tanda
nswe
rtheq
uest
io
nsthatf
ol
low:
-
St
ep2 St
ep3
St
ep1 So
luti
onA Cu
O(s) 2+
Cu (
aq) Cu
(OH)
2(
s) Cu
O(s)
S(
s) +gasC Na
OH(aq) He
at
Hot
ni
t
rica
cid St
ep4 Hc
l(
aq)

Cu St
ep5 +
2
Cu
(s
)

Me
tal
Q
(
a)(
i)Sta
teoneobser
vati
onma dewhenthere
acti
oninstep1wasinpr
ogre
ss
(
ii
)Expl
ainwhydil
utehydroc
h l
ori
caci
dcannotbeusedinst
ep1
(
ii
i)Writ
etheequa
ti
o nf
o rt
hereact
io
nthatt
o o
kp l
aceinst
ep1
(
iv)Nametherea
cti
onsthatt
o o
kp l
acei
nstep4
(v)Namesolu
ti
onA……………………………………………………………….
(vi
)Sta
teandexpl
ai
nt hehar
mfuleff
ect
sontheenvi
ronmentoft
hegasCpr
odu
cedi
nst
ep1

19 a
)Sulphu
ro c
cursn a
tur
al
lyintwod i
ff
ere
ntfor
mscall
edal
l
otr
opes
;
i)Whatar
eall
otr
opes
ii
)th
etwoa l
lot
ropesofsul
phura r
establ
eatd i
ff
ere
ntt
emper
atu
res
,ass
howni
nth
e
equat
io
nsb e
low.
abov
e95.5o
Rhombicsul
phur mo no
cli
ni
csulp
hur
b
elo 5o
w95.

73
 Gi
vet
henametot
hetempera
tur
e95.5ºC
b)b
elo
wisaflo
wd i
agramforthecont
actproc
essforman
ufa
ctur
eofs
ulp
hur
icaci
d(
VI)
ai
r Ste
p2
Ste
p1
Y
S O Pur
eSO2 SO3
Sul
phur Z SO2 Dust 2 Dr
yin
g Conve
rto
r
ai
r(Ox
ygen
) air ai
r Y
pr
eci
pit
at
or t
ower

Co
n c
entr
ate
d SO3
H2SO4
St
ep4
X
Co
ncentr
atd St
e ep3
H2SO4
i)Giv
eth enameoft
hechambersla
b el
l
e d
(
1½mk
s)
i
i)Sta
tethethr
eecondi
ti
onsinth
ec onver
ter (
1½mk
s)
ii
i)Expl
ainwhythegas
esarepass
edt h
o ugh
:
I.Thedustpr
eci
pit
at
oranddryi
n gpower
II
.Thechamberl
abel
edY
(iv
)Wr i
tethebal
anc
edequati
onsfortherea
cti
onsi
n: St
ep2

St
ep3
St
ep4
20. St
udyt
hefi
gur
ebe
low:

KMn
O4(aq)

KMn
O4(aq)
a
ndc
onc
.H2SO4

Sta
teandexpl
ai
ntheobs
ervat
io
nsma d
ein:
Tes
ttubeL ………………………………………………………………. .
Tes
ttubeK ………………………………………………………………………. .
21. Theset
-upbel
owwasusedtoprep
areandc
oll
ecth
ydr
oge
nsu
lph
idega
s.St
udyi
tan
dan
swe
r
th
eq u
esti
onstha
tfo
ll
ow:-

74
 (
a)Na
mesol
idV
(
b)Gi
vear
easo
nwh
ywa
rmwa
teri
sus
edi
nth
ese
t-
up

22. Sul
phur(I
V)o
xid
eandni
tr
oge
n(I
I)ox
idear
esomeoft
hegase
srel
eas
edf
romi
nt
ern
al
co
mb u
s t
io
nengi
nes
.St
at
ehowth
esegas
esaf
fe
ctt
heenvi
ron
me n
t

23. Wh e
nh y
drogensul
phi
d egaswasbubble
dint
oanaque
ousso
luti
onofI
ron(I
II
)ch
lor
ide
,a
yel
lo
wp re
cip
it
atewasformed.
a)St
ateanot
herobse
rvati
onthatwasmade.
b)Writ
eanequati
onforthere
acti
onthatt
ookpl
ace
.
c)Whatty
peo fr
eact
io
nwa sund e
rgonebyhyd
rog
ensul
phi
deinthi
sre
act
io
n?

24. Inanat
temp
ttopr
epar
eSulp
hur(I
V)Oxi
deg
as,di
lu
teSu
lph
uri
cac
idwasr
eact
ed
wit
hbari
umcar
bona
te.Th
eyiel
dofSu
lph
urdi
oxi
dewasf
oundt
obeneg
li
gi
ble
.
Exp
lai
n

Ch
lor
inea
ndi
tsc
omp
oun
ds
1. (
i)Sta
teoneobs
erv
a t
io
nma dei
nthi
sexp
eri
ment
(i
i)I
dent
if
ythesu
b s
tanc
esfor
medint
heabovere
act
ion
2. Hy d
rog
enc h
lor
idegaswaspas
sedi
nt
owaterassho
wnb e
low:

Dr
yhy
dro
genc
hlo
rid
e
ga
s

I
nve
rte
dfu
nne
l

Wa
ter

(a)Wh enab l
ueli
tmu spaperwa sdr
o pp
edintotheresul
tin
gs ol
uti
on,i
ttu
rnedre
d.Giv
ear e
ason
f
orthiso bser
vat
ion
(
b )Wh ati
st hefunct
iono ft
hefu n
ne l
?
3. Ag roupo fcomp oundscall
edc hl
orofl
uoro
-car
bon shaveawiderangeofuse
sbutth
eyals
oh a
ve
harmfule f
fect
so nthee n
vironment.Sta
teone:-
a)Us eofch l
orofl
uoroc a
rbons
b)Ha rmfuleff
ectofch l
orofl
uorocarbonsontheen vi
ronment.
4. a)Wa terfr
o mat owni nKenyaissuspect
edtoco nta
inchlor
ideionsbu
tnotsul
phat
eio
ns.
De s
cribeho wthep r
esenceofthechlor
ideionsinthewa t
ercanbeshown.
5. Ina nexperiment,chl
o r
inewasp ass
edintomo i
sthydrogensulp
hidei
nab oi
li
ngtub
eas
s
ho wnb el
ow:

75
 (
a)Wh atob se
rvati
onwa sma deintheboil
i
n gtub
e?
(
b)Wr i
tea nequa t
ionofthereac
tionthatt
ookp l
aceintheboi
li
ngtube
(
c)Wh atprecauti
ons houldbetake
ni ncar
ryingoutthi
sexper
iment
?Givearea
son
6. Heat
edir
o nc anreactwithbothchlo
rinegasandh y
d r
ogenchlo
ridegas
i
)Writ
ee quati
on sforthereac
ti
ons
i
i
)Ch l
ori
n eg a
sh asn oeff
ectondryblueli
tmuspaper.Expl
ai
n
7. Thefo
ll
o wingd i
agramr epre
sent
sas et-
upthatca
nb eu s
edinthela
borat
oryt
opre
par
ean
d
col
le
ctas a mpleofc hl
ori
neg a
s:

Manga
nes
e(I
V)
ox
ide

(a
)Nogasb u
b bl
eswe r
ep rod
ucedintheab
oveex
peri
ment
.Ex
pla
int
heo
bse
rva
ti
on
(b
)Compl
e t
ethefo l
l
owi n
ge qua
ti
on
Cl2O(
g)+H 2O(
l)
(c
)Des
cri
b et
h ebl
e a
chingproper
tyofchl
ori
newat
er
8. Stu
dyt
hef l
owd i
ag r
amb elo
wa ndanswert
heque
sti
onst
hatf
ol
lo
w:

Sal
tM
HCl
(a
q) Mn
O2 Ga
sL Col
dd i
lu
te
NaOH Na
Cl(
aq)
(a
)Na meg asL ……………………………………………………………
(b)Writ
eab al
ancedequati
onforth
ereact
ionbetweenh ydrochl
ori
caci
da ndman
ganes
e
(
IV)o x
ide
(c
)Ex pl
ainwhathappenstocol
ouredpe
talswhend ro
pp edint
oas ol
uti
ono fM
9. Carbon(IV)Oxi
de,me t
hane,n
it
rogen(I
)Ox i
dean dtr
ichloro
me t
h a
nearegree
nhous
egases
(
i)St
a t
eoneeff
ectofanincr
easedl
evelofth
eseg as
e stotheenvi
ronment
(
ii
)Giveonesourcefr
omwh icheac
ho fthef
oll
o wingg a
sesisrel
eas
edtothee
nvi
ronment
;
(
i)Nit
roge
n( I
)Ox i
de
(
ii
)Tri
chol
ome t
hane

10. (
a)T
wor
eag
ent
sth
atc
anb
eus
edt
opr
epa
rec
hlo
rin
ega
sar
ema
nga
nes
e(I
V)o
xid
ean
d

76
 c on
centr
atedh yd
rochl
ori
caci
d.
(
i)Writ
eane qua
ti
onfort
hereac
ti
on
(
ii
)Givethefo
rmulaofano
therr
eag
entth
atc
anb er
eac
tedwit
hc o
ncent
rat
edhyd
roc
hlo
rica
cid
t
op r
oducechl
ori
negas
(
ii
i)Desc
ribehowthechl
ori
negascou
ldbed
rie
da n
dcoll
ect
edinthel
abor
ato
ry

(
b)I
nane
xpe
ri
men
t,d
ryc
hlo
rin
ega
swa
sre
act
edwi
tha
lumi
ni
uma
ssh
owni
nth
edi
agr
amb
elo
w

Ca
lci
umCh
lor
ide

Al
umi
ni
um

Dr
yChlo
rin
e
g
as
A
(
i)Namesu
b s
tanc
eA Heat
(
ii
)Writ
eanequat
ionf
ort
her
eact
iont
hatt
ookpl
acei
nthec
ombus
ti
ont
ube
(
ii
i)St
at
ethefun
cti
onoft
hec
alc
iumchl
ori
deint
hese
t-
upabov
e
11. T
hef
i
gur
ebe
lowwa
sse
tbyas
tud
entt
oin
ves
ti
gat
eth
ere
act
io
nbe
twe
enc
hlo
rin
ega
san
dhy
dro
geng
as:

Chl
ori
ne
ga
s

F
las
k

Hydr
ogen
su
lphi
degas

(
a)Wr i
teanequat
ionforthere
a c
ti
onthattoo
kplac
einthefl
ask
(
b)Wh atobse
rvat
ionwasma deinthefl
ask?
(
c)Wh atpr
ecaut
ionshouldbetakenincar
ryi
ngoutth
ee x
peri
ment?
12. I
na natt
empttoprepar
eag as,Sabul
eiadd
edconcent
rat
e
1dhydr
ochl
ori
caci
dtoPo
tas
si
umma ng
anat
e.
T
hep rodu
ctswerethenpasse
dt hr
oughtwowa s
hbott
lescon
tai
nin
gwatera
ndconc
entr
ate
dsu
lphu
ric
a
cid
(a
)Na methegasprepare
d …………………………………………………………………………
(b)Namethep u
rposeofwa s
hb ot
tl
e:
(
i)Cont
ain
ingwa t
er?
(
ii
)Contai
ni
ngc once
ntrat
edsulphur
icaci
d?

13. St
udyt
hes
che
meb
elo
wan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w.
FeSO4( a
q )
Ste
pI
Cl2(
g)

Yel
lo
w Ste
pII Br
owns
oli
d St
epIII Sol
i
d
so
lut
ionF Ad
dNa o
H(aq) Hea
t +
andf
il
tr
ate wat
er

77
 (
a)Wr
it
ethef
ormul
aofth
ec a
tio
np r
esen
tinth
ey e
ll
ows
olu
ti
onF
(
b)Wha
tprop
ert
yofch
lor
ineissho
wninStepII?
(c
)Wri
tea
ne qu
ati
onf
ortherea
cti
oninste
pIII

14. (
i)Na
meo nedryi
ngagen
tforhyd
roge
nCh l
ori
de
(
ii
)St
ateandexp
lai
ntheobs
erva
ti
onthatwoul
dbema
dewh
enh
ydr
oge
nCh
lor
ide
gasisb
u b
ble
dintoasol
uti
onofSi
lv
e rn
it
rat
e

Ac
ids
,ba
sesa
nds
alt
s
1. St
ud ythereact
ionbelowa ndanswertheq ue
stio nst
hatf oll
ow
NH3(g)+H2O(l) NH4+(aq)+OH-(aq)
(
a)De f
inetheter
ma ci
d
(
b)Identif
yana c
idint heaboverea
ctio
n
(
c)Ex pl
ainy ou
ra ns
we rsin(b)abov
e
2. As t
u de
n tmixe
de qualvolumesofEthanolandb ut
anoi
ca cid
.Headd
edafewd
rop
sof
con c
entrat
edSu l
phu r
ic(VI)aci
dandwa rmedt h emix
tu re
(i
)Na mea ndwrit
et heformulaofthema i
np r
o d uc
ts
Na me………………………………….
Formula……………………………………. .
(i
i)Wh ichhomo l
ogo usser
iesdoestheproduc tnamedi n( i
)ab
ovebel
ong
?

3. Asampl
eof
wate
rfr
omavil
l
ageinT
ran
sMa r
aEastDi
st
ri
ctwasd
ivi
dedi
nt
oequa
lpo
rti
ons
an
de a
chmi
xedwi
theq
ual
volu
meofsoaps
olut
i
on.Th
eo b
ser
vat
io
nsmadear
eta
bul
at
edbel
ow:

Sa
mp l
eof T
rea
tme
ntb
efo
rea
ddi
ngs
oap Obse
rva
ti
onsmadeonshak
ing
water wi
thsoap
I Boi
le
d La
therf
ormimmedi
at
el
y
I
I Notr
eat
ment Sl
ig
htla
therf
ormsl
owly
II
I Tr
eat
mentwi
thwa
shi
ngs
oda La
therf
ormedi
mmedia
tel
y

(
a)Whatt
ypeofhardne
s si
spresen
tinwaterfro
mt h
ev i
ll
age.Ex
plai
n
(
b)St
at
eon eadv
antag
eo fhardwater
4. T
hesol
ubi
li
tyofIr
o n(
II)Sulp
h a
tecry
sta
lsare22oCis15.65gper100gofwa
ter
.Cal
cul
at
e
t
hemassofir
on(I
I)sul
ph a
tecry
stal
sin45go fsa
tur
ate
ds ol
uti
onatthes
aete
mpera
tur
e

5. Har
dnes
sofwat
ermayber
emove
db yei
th
erboi
li
ngoraddi
ti
onofc
hemi
cal
s:
(
a)Wri
teaneq
uat
iont
oshowhowboil
i
ngremoveshar
dnes
sofwat
er
(
b)Nametwoche
mica
lst
hata
reus
edtoremov
eh ar
dnes
sofwat
er

6. St
at
eon
ead
van
tag
eofd
rin
kin
gha
rdwa
terr
ath
ert
hans
oftwa
ter
.

7 Give
nt hi
sreacti
on;
RNH2+H2O RNH3++OH-
a)Ident
ifytheaci
dinth
eforwar
dreac
ti
on.Exp
lai
n
b
)Di l
ut
en it
ri
cacidca
nreactwi
thasol
uti
onofsod
iumc a
rbo
nate
.Wri
teanio
nice
quat
io
n
forther e
acti
on
8. Ma gnesi
u mh y
droge
ncarbona
tei
sresp
onsi
bl
eforthete
mpora
ryhar
dnes
sofwat
er.
Thi
stypeofh a
rdne
sscanberemov
edbyaddi
ti
ono fammoni
asol
ut
ion
(a)Descri
behowtempora
ril
yhar
dwa t
eri
sfor
med

78
 b
)Writ
eanequ
ati
ont
oshowthesof
te
nin
goft
emp
ora
ri
lyh
ardwa
terb
yth
ead
dit
io
n
o
faqueo
usammoniu
ms o
lut
io
n
39
9. When2Mp otass
iumh yd
roxi
des ol
uti
onwa saddedt
os o
19
l
u
Kti
onR, awhit
epreci
pi
tat
eTwa s
f
ormedwh i
chd i
ss
olve
dine xc
e s
spotass
iumh y
d r
oxi
desolut
iontofor
ms ol
uti
onL.solut
io
n
Rfor
msawh itepre
cipi
ta
tewithsodi
u mchlor
idesol
uti
on:
(
a)Id
enti
fythecati
oninsolu
ti
o nR . .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
b)Namep r
ecipi
tat
eT ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
c)Writ
ethemo le
cula
rformulaofthecompoundinsol
utio
nL

10. Bel
o wisatables
howi
ngt
hes
olu
bil
i
ti
eso
fsa
lt
sQandRatd
if
fe
ren
tte
mper
atu
res.
Temperat
ureoC 0 10 20 30 40 50
Solub
il
iti
esingr
ammesp
er Sa l
tQ 3.0 5.0 7. 4 10.0 14. 0 19.0
100go fwat
er Sal
tR 15.0 17.
0 20.7 25.
7 28. 7 33.0

(a)De f
i
n etheterm“ So l
u bil
i
tyo fsalt
”
(b)Ifbothsalt
sQa ndRa rep resenti
n100c m3ofsat
urat
eds ol
ut
ionat50oC, whatwil
l
o
bethetotalma sso fcryst
alsformedi fthes ol
uti
onwa scool
edto20C?
11. Thef ol
l
o wingresu l
tswe reo bt
ainedd uri
nga nexper
imentt
od eter
minetheso l
ubil
it
yofpot
ass
ium
chlorat
e(V)i
nwa tera t30º C.
Ma ssofev a
poratingd is
h=15. 86g
Ma ssofev a
poratingd is
h+s at
u r
a t
eds olu
tio nat30ºC=26. 8g
Ma ssofev a
porationd is
h+s olidp ot
assiumc hl
orat
e(v)af
te
re vap
orati
ontod ryn
ess=16.
86g
Ca l
cula
tet h
ema s soft hesaturat
e dsoluti
o nc ont
ai
ning60.0gofwaterat30ºC
12. (a
)Wh atismean tbyt hete r
ms olubil
ityofs alt
s?
(
b )Cal
cu l
atethes ol
u bi
lit
yo fsaltgiventha t15gofthesal
tc a
ns a
tura
te25c m3ofwa t
er
(c)Thetab l
ebelowg i
v e
st heso l
ubili
tyofs altXingramsper100go fwate
ra tdif
fer
ent
temperatur
es
TempoC 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Solubil
i
ty 5. 0 7. 5 10. 5 14. 0 18.5 24. 0 30. 0 38. 0 46. 0 50. 1
(g
/ 100g)
water

(i
)Pl
otaso l
ubil
itycur
veforsal
tX( s
olubi
li
tying/ 100gwa t
erY-axis
)(tmpoC(
e X– ax
is)
(
ii
)Whatisme antbythepoint
sp l
ott
edin(i
)a bove?.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(
ii
i
)Fr
o my ourgraphdete
rminethesolubi
li
tyo fsal
tXatthefol
lowi
ngt e
mp e
rat
ures
I 44oC ………………………………………….
o
I
I 62C ………………………………………. .
(i
v)Wh a
tma sso fcr
yst
alsoft
h esal
twill
bef ormedift
hes o
lut
ionwa scool
edfr
om
62oCt o44oC
(v
)Namet woa r
e aswher
ek nowled
geo fso
lubili
tycur
vesisappl
ied
13. Yo uareg i
venami xt
ureofLead(II
)Chloride,I
odine
,ammo niu
mc h
lor
ideandsodi
umc hl
orid
e.
Exp l
ainhowy ouwo ul
ds epa
rat
ea l
lthefoursoli
dsusi
ngme thy
lbenz
ene,asourc
eo fhe
atand
wa t
er
14. (a)Theta b
leb el
owshowst hesol
ubil
it
yo fpotas
siumchlor
ateatdif
fe
rentt
emperat
ures

o
Temperat
ure( C) 10o 20o 30o 40o 50o 60o 70o
Solubi
l
it
yg /100g 27 30 36 55 80 110 140 (
i)
Pl
ota wa t
er g
raph
of
so
lub
il
it
ie
so fpo
tass
iumc hlo
rat
eag
ain
stt
emp
era
tur
e
(i
i)Usi
ngyourg ra
ph:

79
 (
I)Determin ethesolubi
li
tyo fpot
ass
iu mc hl
orateat47oC
(
II
)De t
ermineth econ c
entrat
io
ni nmo l
esperlit
reofpotassi
umc hl
orat
eat47oC
(
K=39, Cl=35.5, O=16)d en si
tyofsol
u t
ion=1g /
cm3
(
III
)De terminethema ssofp ota
ssi
umc hlo
rat
et hatwoul
dc r
yst
all
iz
eift
hesol
uti
on
i
sc ooledfrom62oCt o45oC
(
b)Inane x
perime nttodetermi
n ethes ol
ubi
li
tyo fsod
iumh yd
roxi
de,25cm3ofasat
ura
ted
s
o l
uti
ono fso di
umh ydro
xid
ewe i
g hi
ng28gwa sdi
lutedinavolumetr
icf
las
kandthe
vol
umema d eto250c m3ma rk.20c m3ofth i
sreac
tedc omple
tel
ywith25cm3of0.
2M
h y
drochl
o r
ica ci
da ccor
dingtoth eequa
tion.
NaOH(aq)+HCl (
aq) NaCl(a
q)+H 2O(
l)

Ca l
culat
e:
(i
)T henumb e
ro fmole
so fhyr
droc
hlor
icacidu s
ed
(i
i)Then umberofmo l
esofsodi
umh ydro
xidein20c m3
3
(i
ii)Themo l
esof s
odi
umh y
droxi
dein250cmo fsolut
ion
(i
v)Th emassing r
amso fsod
iumh y
droxi
dein250c m3o fso
lut
io
n
(v)Thesolubi
li
tyofsodi
u mhydrox
idei
ng /100gwa ter
15. a)De f
inetheter
ms o
lubil
it
yofas ubs
tance
b)T h
et ab
lebelowshowst h
es o
lubi
li
ti
esoftwos al
tsLan dMatdif
fe
ren
tte
mpe
rat
ure
s.

Tempe r
atur
e(ºC) 10 20 30 40 50
Solubil
i
tying /100g L 11.0 14. 0 20.1 28.0 36. 0
ofwa ter
. M 15.0 17. 0 19.0 21.2 25. 0
i
)Na met heme t
hodt hatcanb eusedtosep
a r
atethet
wosalt
s
i
i
)Plotont hesamea xesag ra
pho fsolubi
l
iti
esofLa n
dMa gain
stte
mpe r
atu
re
i
i
i)Fromt hegraphdetermine:
-
T
hetemp erat
ureatwh ichsolubi
lit
iesar
eequal
Theso l
ubil
it
ya tt
het emperat
u r
eme nti
onedabove
i
v)Iftherelat
iv
efo r
mu l
ama s
so fMi s132,det
erminetheco
ncent
rat
ionofMi nmol
esp
erl
i
tre
in(i
ii)IIabove

16. Thegra
phbelows
howsthecha
ngesi
ncondu
cti
vi
tywhen50cm3of0.
1MNi
tr
ic(
V)aci
d
i
sti
tra
tedwit
hpot
ass
iumhydr
oxi
de(c
urv
eI)andwhen50cm3of0.
1Mmet
hanoi
cac
idis
r
eac
tedwit
hthesa
mep ot
ass
iumhydr
oxi
desol
ut
ion(
curv
eII)

80
 (
a)(
i)Expla
inthechangesinconduct
ivi
tyi
ntheregi
ons:
AB…………… BC………………………………………………….
(
ii
)Us i
ngcurve(I
),e
xp l
ai
nwh ytheconduct
iv
it
yd oe
snothav
eav a
lueofz
ero
atend
-poi
n t
(
ii
i)Cal
culat
etheconcentr
ati
onofKOHwi thref
ere
ncetocur
veI
I
(
iv
)Ex pl
ai
nwh ythetwoc urv
esshowsdif
fer
enttr
endsi
nconduc
ti
vit
y
(
b)50cm3o f0.
1Mme t
hanoicaci
dwa srea
cte
dwi t
h20cm3ofasol
uti
onofsodi
um
carbonat
eofu nkno
wnc once
ntr
ati
on.Workouttheconc
ent
rat
io
no ft
hecar
bona
te

17. T
heflowcha
rtsbel
owsho
wa nana
lys
isofami
xtu
reRt
hatc
ont
ai
nst
wos
alt
s.St
udyt
he
a
naly
sisa
ndan s
werth
eques
ti
onstha
tfo
llo
w:-
(a
)
Mix
tur
eR
St
epI Re
sid
ue Addexc ess Col
our
les
s
Twome t
al
lico x
ides , St
epI
I NaOH(aq)toa so
lut
io
n
H2O(g),CO2(g),NO2(g), AddHCl
(
aq) po
rti
ono fX
F
il
tr
ateX St
epI
II
O2(g) Ad
dex
cesNH3(aq) Co
s lou
rle
ss
s
olu
ti
on
t
oap
ort
io
nofX
(i)Sta
te:-
(
I)Thec o
ndit
io
ni nst
epI
(II)Theproce
ssinste
pII
(
ii
)As mallpor
ti
ono fmi
xtur
eRisadde
dtodil
ut
enit
ri
c(V)a
cidinate
st-
tub
e.Wha
twouldbe
obser
ved ?
(
ii
i
)Wr it
ea nequat
ionfo
rtherea
cti
onbet
weent
hecat
ioni
nfi
ltr
ateXandsodi
umhy
dro
xide
sol
ut
ion
(
iv
)Ex pl
ainhowwa t
ervapouri
nste
pIcoul
dbeid
enti
fi
ed

(
b) F
il
tr
ateW
Mi
xt
ureR Ste
pIV
Addwate
r
th
enfi
l
ter
Re
sid
ueU St
epV So
lut
io
nZ+CO2
Ad
dH2SO4(aq)
St
epVI

Adde
xce
ssNaOH(aq) Addexc
essNH3(aq)
t
oaport
io
nofZ t
oa p
port
iono
fZ

Co
lou
rle
sss
olu
ti
on Wh
it
epr
eci
pi
ta
te
(
i)St
at
eandex
pla
int
heconc
lus
iont
hatc
a nbemad
efr
oms
tepI
Von
ly
(i
i)Namet
heani
onp
res
enti
nresi
dueU.Exp
lai
n

(
ii
i
)Fromthef
lowcha
rtin(
a)a
nd(b)
;
(
I)Wri
teth
efor
mulaeof
cat
ion
spre
sen
tinmi
xt
ureR

18. a
)Def
in
ethet
erms
olu
bil
i
tyofasub
sta
nce
.
b
)Th
etabl
ebe
lows
howsthesol
ubi
l
it
ie
softwos
alt
sLa
ndMa
tdi
f
fer
entt
emp
era
tur
es.

81
 o
Te
mp e
rat
ure( C) T
ypeo
fsal
t 10 20 30 40 50
Sol
ubi
li
tyg/100gofwa
ter L 11.
0 14.
0 20.
1 28.
0 36.
0
M 15.
0 17.
0 19.
0 21.
2 25.
0

(i
)Namet hemet
h odthatcanbeu s
edtosepar
atethetwosal
ts
.
(i
i)Pl
otonthesamea x
esag raphofsol
ubil
i
ti
eso fLandMa gai
nstt
emper
atu
re
(i
ii
)Fromthegraph,de
termine:
I.Thet
emp er
ature
sa twhic
hs o
lubi
li
ti
esareequal
II
.Thesolubi
li
tyatthetemper
atur
eme nti
onedabove (
iv
)If
t
her
el
at
ivefo
rmulamassofMi s132, det
ermi
netheconc e
ntr
ati
onof
Minmo l
esp erli
tr
ein(ii
i)IIabov
e.
v)Asolut
ioncont
ains38go fLa n
d22go fMa t50°C.Calc
ula
tethet
ota
lmassofc
rys
tal
s
obt
ain
edincooli
ngth i
ssolut
ionto30°C.

19. a
)De fi
ne:
(i
)As aturat
eds olut
ion.
(i
i
)So lubi
lit
yo fas ol
ute.
b
)Ina nexp eri
men ttod e
termines ol
ubil
it
yo fsodi
u mchlor
ide,10.0cm3ofasat
urat
edsol
ut
ionof
sod i
umc h l
orid
ewe i
ghing10. 70gwe rep l
a cedinavolume t
ri
cfl
askanddil
ute
dtoatot
alof500
cm3. 25.0c m3o fthedil
uteds olut
iono fso d
iumc hlo
rid
er eact
edcompl
etel
ywith24.
0cm3o f
0.1Ms ilvernit
ratesolut
ion. T
h eequati
o nf orth
er e
acti
oni s
Ag NO3(a)+Na
q Cl (
aq) Ag Cl (
s)+Na NO3(a)
q
I
.Ca l
culat
e ;
(i
)Mo l
eso fsil
vern i
tra
tein24. 0cm3o fs oluti
on.
3
(i
i)Mo leso fNaCl i
n25. 0c mo fsol
ution.
(i
ii)Mo l
eso fNa Clin500c m3o fsol
uti
o n.
(i
v)Ma sso fNa Clin10.0c m3o fs
atur
a tedso di
umc hl
ori
d e(Na=23,Cl =35.
5)
(v)Ma sso fwaterin10.0c m3o fsat
urateds olut
ion.
(vi
)T heso l
ubil
ityofNa Cling /100go fwa ters
.

20. Descri
beho wy ouwo ul
dp repar
ead rysampleofcry
stal
sofp ota
ssi
ums ul
phatestar
ti
ngwith
100cm3o f1Ms ulp
h uri
c( VI)acid.
21. Thetabl
esh owssolubil
i
tyo fpot
a s
si
umc hl
orat
eV
o
Temp( C) 45oC 80o
Solubi
lit
y 39 63
(a
)Ca l
cula
tethema ssofs o l
uteandso l
venti
n90go fthesaturat
edsol
uti
ono fthesal
tat45oC
o
(b)As o
luti
ono fthesaltin100gwa tercont
ains63gat95C. Atwhatt
emp e
raturewil
lthe
sol
uti
ons tar
tformingc rysta
lswhe ncool
ed
22. Twos a
mp l
eso fhar
dwa terCa ndDwe reboi
led.Whentestedwithdrop
so fs
o ap,sa
mp l
e
Dformedlathereas
ilywh ileCd idnot:
-
(a)Namet hep o
ssi
b l
esa ltthatcause
dh ardnes
sinsampleD
(b
)Ex p
lai
nh owd is
til
lat
ionc a
nr emoveh a
rdnessi
ns a
mp l
eC
(c
)Giveo neadvant
a geofh a r
dwa te
r
23. Astudentatt
emp t
edtop re par
eag asu si
ngtheset-
upbelow. Shecou
ldnotco l
le
ctanygas

82
 (a)Givetwor easo
nswh yn og a
swa scoll
ecte
d
(b
)Wh ichg asdidthestud e
n ti
nte ndtop r
epare
?
24. Wa t
erfromat owninKe n yaissu spect
edtoc ont
ainchl
ori
deionsb u
tno tsu
lphateions.
(a
)De scr
ibeh owthep resenceo fchlori
deionsinthewate
rcanb eshown
(b
)Stateon eadvant
ag eo fdri
nkingh ardwa t
errat
hertha
ns o
ftwater
25. Stud
yt hefoll
owingtestsa ndo bservat
ionanda n
swerthequest
ionsthatfo
ll
o w:-
TEST OBSERVAT I
ON
I -Ad dfewd ropsof acqueou sammo niatocopper -L i
g htbl
uep re
cipit
ateisf
ormed
(II
)n i
trat
esoluti
on
I
I -Ad de x
cessofa mmo n i
at ocopper(II
)n i
tr
ate -Deepb l
ues ol
ution
I
II -Ad dc ol
dd i
l
u t
eh y d
ro c
hlo r
icacidtosubst
anceE1 -Ga se vol
ved,smell
so fro
tte
neggsa
nd
andwa r
mg ently bl
ackensleadace t
at
ep aper
Id
enti
fy:-
(a
)Su bst
ancer e
sponsiblefor:
I.Li
ghtb l
uep r
ecipit
ate…………………………………………………………………
II
.De epb l
uesoluti
on …………………………………………………………….
(b
)Ga sevolvedintestII
Ia bo v
e…………………………………………………………

26. (
i)Whatisme a
ntbythetermsolubil
i
tyo fsalt
s?
(
ii
)Calc
ulat
ethes ol
ubi
li
tyofasaltgi
vent hat15go ft
hes al
tcansat
u rat
e25cm3o fwat
er.
27. (
a)Drawawe lll
abel
edd i
agra
mt os h
o wh owt oprepar
ea nacqueoussolut
io
no fhydr
ogen
c
hlo
rid
eg as
(
b)Nameo neo t
hergaswh o
seaqu eoussoluti
oncanb eprepar
edinth esamewa y
o
28. I
na nexp
e r
imenttodet
erminethesolubi
lit
yo fsol
idYinwa te
ra t30Ct hefol
lo
win gr
esul
ts
wereobtai
ned; *
MAT
Massofemp t
yevapor
ati
ngd i
sh=26. 2g
Massofevapor
ati
ngd i
sh+s a
tur
ateds ol
u t
ion=42. 4g
Massofevapor
ati
ngd i
sh+d r
yso l
idY=30. 4g
(
a)Usethed a
tatocal
cula
tethesolubi
lit
yo fsoli
dYa t30oC
(
b)Stat
eo neappl
ica
ti
ono fsol
ubil
it
yc ur
v e
sa ndvalues

29. St
udyt
het
abl
ebe
lows
howi
ngt
hes
olu
bil
i
tyo
fsu
bst
anc
eKa
tva
ri
oust
emp
era
tur
es
o
T
emp
erat
ure(C) So
lub
il
it
y(g/
100gwa
ter
)
0 30
30 24
70 19
100 14
(
a)Wha
twouldh
app
eni
fasampl
eofas
atu
rat
eds
olu
ti
ono
fth
esu
bst
anc
eat30oCi
s
o
he
atedt
o70C. Ex
pla
in.

83
 (b)Wh atisthemo s
tli
kelyst
a t
eo fsubst
an ceK. .
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
30. I nthee qui
li
briumg ivenbelow:-
3+ 2+
Fe (a)+S
q CN(aq) [Fe(SCN)] (aq
)
Brown Red
Wh atwo uldbeo b s
ervedwhenI ro
n( II
I)Ch l
o ri
d ei
sa ddedtotheequi
li
bri
ummi xt
ure.Exp
lai
n
31. So di
u mCa rb
o nateDe cah
ydratecrysta
lswe releftexpose
do nawa t
chglassf
ortwod a
y s
.
a)Statetheo b
se rvat
ionsma d
eo nth ecrys
talsaftertwod ays
.
b)Na met heprop ert
yofsalt
sinvest
igatedinth ea bo
v eexper
iment

32. T
hel
abe
lonab
ott
leo
fmi
ner
al
;wa
terh
adt
hei
nf
orma
ti
onb
elo
w.
Io
n sp r
ese
nt Conc
ent
rat
io
n(g
/li
tr
e)
2+
Ca 0.
10
2+
Mg 0.
20
Na+ 0.
01
K+ 0.
01
SO4 0.
14
(a)Namet
hecompoundtha
tcaus
est
emp
ora
ry
HCO 3
2- 0.
26
hardn
essi
ntheminer
alwat
er.
-
(
b)Usi
ng anequa
ti
on,d
esc
rib
ehowt
hewate
rcanbemadeso
ftbyadd
ingsod
ium
c
arbonat
esol
uti
on.
(
c)Giv
eon ead
vanta
geofd
rin
kin
gmi
ner
alwat
ersu
chastheoneab
ove

33. As oluti
ono fhydrogench l
orideg a
sinme t
h yl
benzenehasn oeff
ectoncal
ciu
mc arb
onat
e.
Asolut
iono fhydr
o gench l
orideinwaterre
ac t
swithcalc
iumc arbona
tetoproduc
eag a
s.Exp
lai
n
34 ( i
)Isconcen t
rat
eds ul
phuricacidawe akacidoras t
rongacid?
(i
i
)Ex pl
ainy o
uran s
we ri
n( i)above.
35. Wh enwa terrea
ctswithp otas
s i
umme talt
heh ydrog
e nproducedign
ite
sexpl
osiv
ely
ont hesurf
aceo fwater.
(i
)Wh atcau
sesthisigniti
on?
(i
i)Wr i
teane quat
iontos ho whowt hi
signit
ionoccurs
36. I nane xperi
me nt
,soaps ol
utionwa saddedtothreesamplesofwa t
er.T
heresul
tsbel
ow
showth evolumeo fsoapsoluti
o nrequi
redtolat
herwith500c m3o feac
hwa t
ersampl
e
be
foreanda ft
erbo i
l
ing
Sa mple1 Sample2 Sa
mp l
e3
Volumeo fsoapu se
db e f
orewa t
erboi
led 26.0 14.
0 4.
0
Volumeo fsoapa f
terwa t
erb oi
le
d 26.0 4.
0 4.
0
(i
)Wh i
ch
wate
rsamplesa r
elikel
ytob esoft?
(
ii
)Exp l
ainthechangeinv olumeo fsoapsolut
ionusedins ampl
e2

37.Ho
wdo
est
he1
pHv
alu
eof0.
25MKOH(aq)c
omp
arewi
tht
hato
f0.
25Ma
mmo
nias
olu
ti
on

En
erg
ych
ang
esi
nch
emi
cal
andp
hys
ica
lpr
oce
sse
s
1. 6gofPot
ass
iumn it
rat
esoli
dwa saddedto120c m3ofwate
rinapla
sti
cbea
ker.
T
hemixt
urewa sst
ir
redgentl
ya n
dt hefoll
owingre
sul
tswereobt
ai
ned.
I
nit
ia
ltemperat
ure=21.5oC
F
inalt
emp e
rat
ure=17.0oC
(
a)Cal
cul
atet
h eent
halpychangefort
h ereact
ion
3 -
1- 1
(Densit
y=1g/cm, C=4.2jgK)
(
b)Calc
ulat
ethemo l
arentha
lpychangeforthed i
ss
olut
io
no fpo
tas
si
umn i
tr
ate

84
 (
K=39,
N=14,
O=16)

2. (a)T heh ea to f comb ust

iono fe t
ha n
o l
,C2H5OHi s1370KJ/mo l
e.
(i
)Wh a tisme antb yh ea
to fc omb us
tio
n ?
(i
i
)Ca l
c ulatet heh eatingvalueo fe t
hanol
(H=1. 0, C=12. 0,O=16. 0)
3. Us ethei nfo rma ti
o nb e
lo wtoa ns
we rthequesti
onsthatfo
ll
ow:-
Ca (
s)+½O 2(
g) CaO(s)H=- 635KJ /
mo l
C(s)+O2(g) CO2(g) H=- 394KJ /
mol
3
Ca (
s)+C (
s)+ / 2O2(g
) Ca CO3 H=- 1207KJ/mol
Ca lcul
a t
et h ee n t
halpyc hangef orthereact
ion :
Ca (
s)+C O2(g) CaCO3(s)
4. 0.92go fe than o l
we refo un
dt obu r
nine xce
s sai
rp r
oduci
ngatempera
tur
er i
seof32.5º
C
in200c m3o fwa ter.
C=12. 0 H=1. 0 O=16. 0
De nsi
tyo fwa te r1g/ m3
c
-
1-
Spe ci
fich ea tca paci
tyo fwate r4.2kjkg k1
a)Wr i
tet hee qu a
tionforc omb u s
tio
no fethanol
b)De te r
mi n et hemo l
arh eato fcomb us
tionofe t
hanol
5. Stu dyth ein forma ti
o ninthef o l
lo
win gtabl
ea ndan s
wertheques
ti
onstha
tfol
low.T h
elett
ers
don otrep rese ntthea ctualche micalsy
mb ol
so ftheele
me nt
s.
EL EMENT U V W X Y Z
NUMBEROFPROT ONS 18 20 6 16 19 17
NUMBEROFNEUT RONS 22 20 8 16 20 20
Wh i
cho fth ea bovee lementsa re:
(i
)L ikelytob er adioacti
ve?
(i
i)Ab letof ormac o mpo undwi ththeh i
ghestionicchar
act
er?

6. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wsh
owse
ner
gyl
eve
lsf
ort
her
eac
ti
on

½H2(g)+½F
2(
g) HF
(g
)

(a
)Wo rko uttheac
ti
vati
onenergyforther ea
cti
on
(b
)Calc ul
atethehea
toffor
mationofHF
(c
)Isth ereac
tionend
other
mico rex
o thermic?
7. Us i
ngt h
eh ea
tsofcombusti
ono fth ef
oll
owin
gs u
bstan
ces
,ca
lcu
lat
eth
ehe
ato
ffo
rma
ti
on
ofe t
hanol
-1
C(s)+O2(g) CO2(g);H=- 393KJmol
-
1
H2(g)+½O2(g) H2O(l;
)H=- 286KJmol

85
 -
1
CH3CH2OH(l
)+O2(
g) 2CO2(g)+3H2O(l
);H=1386KJ
mol

8. Nitrogenan dhydr
oge
nrea
ctrev ers
ibl
yacco
rdin
gt ot
hee
quat
io
n:-
-1
N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g);H=-92kj
mo l
Thee nerg
yl eve
ldi
agr
amfort
h ea bovere
act
ionissho
wnbel
ow:-

Ener
gy N2(g)+3H2(g)
(KJ
)

2NH3(g)

Re
act
io
npa
th

(
a)Howwouldtheyi
eldofammo ni
abeaff
ect
edby:
(i
)Adecre
aseintemperat
ure
(
ii
)Anincr
easeinpress
ure
(
b)Howdoesacatal
ystaf
fec
treve
rsi
blere
act
io
na l
re
adyine
qui
li
bri
um?
(
c)Onth
ea b
oved i
agram,sk
etcht
heen e
rgyl
evel
diag
ramth
atwoul
dbeob
tai
nedwh
en
i
roncat
al
ysti
sa d
d edt
othereact
io
n

9. Studyt hetabl
eb e
lowandans
we rt
heq uest
ionsthatf
oll
ow
-
1
Bondt yp
e bonde nergykJmo l
C-
C 346
C=C 610
C-
H 413
C-
Br 280
Br
-Br 193
a
)Calcul
a tetheenthal
pycha
ngeforth
efollowin
gr e
a c
tio
n
C2H4(g)+Br2(
g) C2H4Br2(
g)
b)Na met hetypeofre
act
iont
hattookplacein(a)abov
e

1mark
10. Bo
nde
ner
gie
sfo
rso
meb
ond
sar
eta
bul
at
edb
elow:
-
BOND BONDENERGYKJ
/mo
l
H–H 436
C=C 610
C-H 410
C-C 345

Useth ebon de n
erg
iest
oest
ima t
eth
een
tha
lpyf
ort
her
eac
ti
on
C2H4(g)+H2(g) C2H6(g)

11. Theab
les
howsth
ere
sul
tso
bta
ine
dwh
en20.
2go
fpo
tas
si
umn
it
rat
ewa
sad
dedi
n
50cm3of
wate
r.

86
 T
imei n(min) 0.0 0. 3 1. 0 1.
3 2.
0 2.3 3.
0 3.
3 4.0
o
T
emp erat
ure( C) 25. 0 25. 0 25. 0 25.0 17.
0 17.0 20.
0 20.
0 20.
0
(
i)Drawt h
eg raphoftemper
aturea
g ai
nstt
ime
(
ii
)Us i
n gt
h egraph
,d e
ter
minethetemperat
urechange
(
ii
i)Calcul
atetheheatchan
ge
(
iv)Findthemo l
arheatofsol
uti
ono fpot
ass
iumn it
rat
e
12. Wh en1.6go f
a mmon i
umn i
tra
tewerediss
olv
edi n100cm3ofwa
ter
,th
etemp e
rat
ure
3
droppedby6º C. Ca l
cul
at
ei t
sent
h al
pychange.(Dens
it
yofwat
er=1g/c
m,
-
1-
speci
ficheatc apa
cit
yis4.2kJkg K1)

13. Sod
iumh y
drog
encarbo
natewass t
rong
lyhea
ted
.
a)Writ
eanequat
io
nforth
er e
act
ion
b)Thegri
dbel
ows h
owspartoft
heperi
odi
cta
ble
.Us
eitt
oan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w.T
he
le
tt
ersarenott
heact
ualsymbol
s.
A
i
)Wr it
etheeq ua
ti
onf ortherea
cti
onthato cc
u rsbetweenelement
sLa ndD
i
i
)T heo xi
deof Be
Gr actswithbothhydr
o chl
o r
ica c
ida dC
n sodi
umh ydr
o x
ide.
Wh aD
ti
sth
enEat
ureof
theoxi
deo fG?
i
ii)Ex pl
ai
nwh yeLle
me nF
tsHh asah i
ghe rboi
li
n Go
gp intHh
st a
ne leme
n tD. J
i
v)St at
eoneu seofelementE
v)Co mp ar
ean dexpl
ainthea t
omicradi
uso fBa ndC K
v
i)11. 5gofLwa scomp let
elybur
ntinox yg
en. Calcul
atethevol
umeo fgast
hatwasused
.
(L=23, molargasvolumea tr
oomt e
mp e
ratureis24dm3)
14. As tudenthasbeenp r
ovidedwit
hs o
d i
u mh ydroxi
des ol
uti
onof2Ma ndh y
drobr
omicaci
d
o f4M. Hewa saskedtoinvest
iga
tethee qua
tionforthereacti
onbet
we enthe
setwosubs
tance
sand
h e
n cedet
erminethemo larent
hal
pyo fneutral
iz
a t
ion.Hecarri
edoutthere
acti
onandobt
aine
dthe
fo l
lowing re sul
ts
:-

m3o o
Vo
l.o
f4MHy
dro
bromi caci
dad
dedt
o20c f T
emp
era
tur
eoft
hemi
xt
ure(C)
2MNa OH
4.0 26.
8
6.0 30.
0
8.0 33.
2
10.0 36.
0
12.0 35.
2
14.0 34.
4
20.0 30.
8

(
a)Dr awag r
aphofthete
mp er
atureofthemixt
ure(v
erti
cala
xisaga
ins
tthevolumeofthe
acida d
d ed) *
(b)Us i
ngt hegra
phe s
ti
ma t
ethetemp e
ratur
eofthemixt
urewh e
n17cm3o ftheaci
dwasadde
d
(
c)Bo thso l
uti
onswereatroomtemp er
atur
eatthest
artofth
ee x
peri
ment.Useyourgra
phto
esti
ma tether
oomt e
mp er
atur
e (
½mk
)
(
d)Wh ati
st hesi
gni
fi
canceoftheh i
ghestt
emperat
ureofth
es ol
ut
ionmixt
u r
e? *
(
e)T hetemp er
atur
eofthemixt
ureincrea
s e
dd u
ringt
h ef
ir
staddi
ti
onsoftheacid
.Wh ydi
dthe
t
emp erat
ureinc
reas
e? *
(
f)Sug gestareas
onwh ythete
mp erat
uredecre
asedduri
ngthelat
te
rpartoftheexp
eri
ment
(
g)Us ey ourgrap
htod e
ter
mineth evol
umeo f4MHy drobr
omicaci
dwh ic
hjustneut
ral
iz
e
3
20cmo f
2MNa OH *
(
h)Ho wma nymo l
esofHydrobr
o micaci
da r
ep r
esen
tinyouransweri
n( g
)abo v
e? *

87
 (
i)Howmanymo l
esofNaOHareprese
ntin20cm3of2Mo fNaOHsolu
ti
on? *
(
j)Us
eyourans
wersin(h
)and(i)a
b o
vetowrit
eanequat
io
no fther
eac
ti
onta
kin
gpl
ace
i
ntheexp
eri
me nt
.Expl
ai
nclear
lyhowyouhaveusedyo
u rans
wers (
1½mk
s)
(
k)Det
ermi
nethemolare
n t
hal
pyofneutr
al
iz
ati
onofhydr
obromicac
id (1½mk
s)

15. ( a)Th efo l

l
owingr es
ult
swe reobtainedinanexperimenttodete
rmineth
ee nt
hal
pyofs
olu
ti
on
ofsod i
umh ydroxi
de
Ma s
so fpla
sti
cb e a
ker=8. 0g
Ma s
so fpla
sti
cb e a
ker+d i
st
ill
edwater=108. 15g
Ma s
so fpla
sti
cb e a
ker+d i
st
ill
edwater+s odi
u mh yd
roxi
de=114.35g
T hetableb e
lows howsth etempe rat
ureatfi
xedtimesafte
rmi x
ing
T
ime/seconds 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
T
empe r
ature(oC) 15 21 29 28 27 26 26 25
(i)Plotag rapho ft
emp erat
ure( y-
axi
s )agai
nstti
me( x-
axis)
(ii
)F romy o urgra
ph ,det
ermin ethema ximumt e
mp erat
u r
eatt
ained
(ii
i)De te
rmi nethetemp er
aturec hangeo fth
ereacti
on
(iv)Calculatethenumb erofmo l
eso fsodiumh y
droxideusedintheexpe
riment
(
Na=11, H=1, O=16)
(v)Us eyo urresul
tstod et
ermi nethemo larent
halpysolut
iono fs
odiumhydrox
ide.
(Den
sit
yof
m-3, -
1-
solut
io nis1gc specifi
ch e
atc apaci
tyofsol
u t
ion=4.18KJ K1)
(
b)Be lowi sane ner
gyl e
veldiagramo fthee xot
her
mi creact
ion
CH4(g)+2O2(g) CO2(g)+2H2O(l) H= -
890K J
CH4(g)+2O2(g)
H=- 890KJ
CO2(g)+2H2O(l
)

Ex
ami
net
hee
ner
gyl
eve
ldi
agr
amb
elo
wan
dus
eitt
oan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w
2H(g) + ½O2(g)

2H(g)+O2(g) H2
H3
H1
H2(g) + ½O2(g)
H2O(gl
)

.
H4

H2O(l
)

(
b)(
i)Wh i
chHv al
ueswill
havenegat
ivesign?
(
ii)Whatp h ys
icalc
h a
ngeisbei
ngre pre
sent
edwher
eentha
lpychan
geH4isi
nvo
lve
d?(½mk)
(ii
i)I
nte r
mso fH1,H2,H3a ndH4, gi
vet
heover
al
lentha
lpycha
ngef
ort
hereac
ti
on:
-
H2(g)+½O2(g) H2O(l
)
(
iv)Ist
h ere act
ionin(i
ii
)abov
ee xot
h er
micore
ndot
hermic
?
16. (I)Studytheg r
aphb e
lowandanswe rthequ
est
io
nswhichfol
lo
w:

88
 B

l)
A

/
y–KJmo
D
erg E
C
En

T
ime

(
a)Disti
nguis
hb et
wee nmolarl
ate
n th
eatoffus
iona ndmolarla
tentheatofva
pori
zat
io
n
(b)(
i)Expl
a i
nthechan g
esoccurr
ingbet
we e
np oi
nts
BC………………………………………… CD………………………
(ii
)Inane xpe
rimenttodeter
minemo l
arent
halpyofn e
utral
i
zati
ono fhy
d r
ochl
ori
caci
dus
ing
potas
siumh ydr
o xi
de,t
hedatabel
owwa sobtain
e d
.Thec onc
entrat
io
no fpo
tass
iumhy
dro
xid
e
u se
dwa s0.5M
Volu
meo f0.5MKOH( cm3) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Tot
al v
olu
meo f aci
d+Ba se 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
o
Temperat
ure(C) 24 26 27 28 29 29 28 27
(i
)Plotagraphof t
empera
ture(y
-ax
is)aga
instvolu
meo fpotass
iumh ydr
oxi
deused

(i
i
)F r
omy ourg raph:
(a)De t
ermin ethete mper
a t
urech ange
(b)Fi
n dth evo l
umeo fpot
assiumh ydrox
idewh i
chc omp l
etel
yneutr
aliz
ed20c m3oft
hea c
id
-
1-1 3
(i
i
i)Cal
c ulat
et heh e
a tchangeforther e
acti
on(C=4. 2JgK d e
nsit
yo fsol
uti
on=1g /dm)
(i
v)Cal
c ula
tet hemo larent
h al
pyo fneutr
ali
zat
iono fhydrochl
ori
ca ci
dwithp o
tassi
umh yd
roxi
de
17. At y p
ical el
ect
ro l
ysi
sc e
llusesac urr
entof40, 000amp er
es.Calcul
atethemass
(i
nKgo faluminium p rodu c
edi noneho u
r).(Al =27)( F
araday=96500Co loumbs)
18. ( a)Biog asisami xtur
eo fmainlyCarbon(IV)Ox id
ea ndme t
hane.
(i)Giv ear ea
so nwh ybiogasc a
nb eusedasaf uel
(ii)Oth ertha
nf ract
ionaldi
stil
lat
ion,
d e
scri
b eame thodthatcanbeu s
edt odet
ermi
nethe
pe rcent
ageo fme t
ha n
ei nbiogas
19. Co n s
idert hefoll
owinge qui
li
b r
ium reacti
on .
H2(
g )+Cl 2(g) 2HCl(g) H=- 74.4KJ
a)Statean de xpl
aint h
ee f
fectofformati
onofh ydrogenc h
lori
deifpres
surewa si
ncr
eased
inthee qu ati
ona bove

20. T
urn
ingo
ffo
ssi
lfue
lshasadv
erseenv
ir
o n
me n
tale
ffe
cts
:-
a
)Namet
wop o
ll
utant
sfr
omth ebu
rningofpet
rol
eumprodu
cts
b
)Giv
eonepr
ecau
ti
ontakentomini
misethepol
lu
ti
onb yf
oss
ilf
uel
s

21. (a
)De fi
nemo l
arh ea
to fn eut
ral
iz
ati
on
(b
)Th eris
eintemp e
ra tur
ewh en50cm3ofsodi
umh yd
roxi
dei
sre
act
edwi
tht
woa
cid
sisg
ive
n
inthetabl
eb el
ow: -
Acid 50cm3o fHCl 50c mo fOx
ali
caci
d
o
Tempr i
se(C) 7 4
(
i)Expla
inthed i
f
fer en
c ei
nt h
etempe
ratu
re.
22. Cal
cu l
atethel
atenthea tofvapor
iz
ati
onofwate
r
H2O(l) H2O(g)

89
 Giv ent
hefo l
lowi
ngt
her
moc he mi
cale
q ua
ti
ons:
-

H2(g)+½O2(g) H2O(g)H=- 242KJ
/Mo l

H2(g)+½O2(g) H2O(l
) H=-286KJ/Mol

23. (a)Def
inethet
ermfue
l
(b)St
atefo
urreas
onswhywoodf
uel
isch
o s
enfordomes
ti
ccoo
king
24. These
tupbel
lowwasusedt
oin
ves
ti
gat
ethecha
ng e
stha
ttak
epl
acewhe
nso
diu
mhy
dro
xid
e
pe
ll
etsdi
ssol
veinwat
er.

a)Wh yisapla
sti
cbeak
erusedi
nst
eado
fame t
all
i
cb e
aker
?
b
)St a
teandexpl
aint
heobser
vat
io
nsmadei
nt h
eabovereac
ti
on
25. (a)Wh ati
safuel
? (
1ma
rk)
(b)Othe
rthantheco
st,s
tat
etwooth
erf
act
orstocon
side
rwh e
nch
oos
ingaf
uel
.

26. Thee quati

onb el
owrepr
ese n
tsc hangesinthep hysic
alsta
teofi
onsmet
al
:
-
1
Fe(
s) Fe(
l) DH=+15. 4k j
mo l
-
1
Fe(
l) Fe
(g) DH=+354k j
mo l
a)Ca l
c ul
atetheamountofh e
ate nergyrequ
iredtoc hange10kgofso
li
dir
ont
oga
seo
usi
ron
Fe=56
b)I
o dinecanr eac
twi
thchlori
n ea sshownb e
low: -
I2(g
) +Cl(
g) 2lcl
(s
) D H=-68kJ
De t
e r
minet h
emolarenthal
p yc hang
eforthisreacti
on
c)Dr awa ne ner
gyl
eveldi
a gr
a mf ort
hereacti
oni n(b)above
27. St ud ythed i
agr
ambelo
wa nda nswerthequestionsthatfo
ll
ow:

NH4+( -
g)+Cl
(g)

∆H2

∆H1
NH4+( -
y

)+Cl
( )
g

aq aq
e
Enr

∆H3
NH4Cl
()
s

Re
act
io
nCo
-or
din
ate
Re
act
io
nCo
-or
din
ate
a)Wha
tdo∆H1a
nd∆H2r
epr
ese
nt?
∆H1…………………………………………………………………….

90
 ∆H2……………………………………………………………………. .
b)Wr
it
eane
xpr
ess
iont
osh
owt
her
el
at
io
nsh
ipb
etwe
en∆H1,
∆H2a
nd∆H3.
Re
act
io
nra
tesa
ndr
eve
rsi
bl
ere
act
io
ns
1. Stud ythef ol
lowin
ge qu
il
ibri
umr eacti
o nandanswertheque
sti
onsth
a tf
ol
low:
-
H3O+( -
HL(
aq)+H 2O(l
) a
q)L (
aq)
Red Bl
ue
Giv
ent ha
ti nanb a
sicsol
ut
ion,H3O+(aq)ac
tinpla
ceo fhyd
roge
nions,H+,a
ccor
din
gtoth
e
e
qu ation
.
H3O(aq)+OH-(aq) 2H2O(l
)
Expl
a inwh atwo ul
db eo
bserve
dwh e
np ot
assi
umh ydro
xides
olut
ioni
sa dd
edtothea
bov
eeq
uil
i
bri
um
mixt
u re

2. Th
esche
mebelo
ws h
owst
heener
gycha
ngest
hatt
akep
lac
ebe
twe
eni
ce,
wat
era
nds
tea
m.
St
udyi
tanda
nswert
hequ
est
io
nstha
tfo
ll
ow:-
H1 H2
H2O(s) H2O(l
) H2O(g)
H4 H3
(
a)Wh
atnamei
sgiv
entot
heener
gycha
ngeH4?
(
b)Wha
tist
hes
ignH3,g
ivear
easo
n

3. T
het
abl
ebe
lowg
ive
sbo
nde
ner
gie
sfo
rth
reec
ova
len
tbo
nds

Bo
nd Bonde
ner
gy(
KJmo
l-
1)
H–H 435
Cl
–Cl 240
H–Cl 430

(a)Cal
c u l
atetheener
gychangefo
rthefoll
owingre
act
ion:
H2(g)+Cl2(
g) 2HCl(
g)
(b)Sketc hanen er
gylev
eldi
agra
mf orthere
act
ionin(a
)abov
e
4. Theske tchb e
lowwa sobt
aine
dwh en2go fmagnes
iumwasrea
ctedwi
thex
c e
ssof2M
hy dr
och lor
icacid.Th
ev o
lumeofhydrogenevo
lve
dwa sth
enplo
tteda
gai
nstt
imeas
s
ho wnb elow:
m)
3
c
n(

x x
e

C
g

B
l
Voumeo d
fhyro

A x
T
ime(
sec
s)
(
a)Onthesa
mea xi
sp l
otthegr
aphtha
two u
ldb
eo b
tai
nedif1Mh
ydr
och
lor
ica
cid
wasuse
din s
tea
do f2Mh ydr
ochl
ori
caci
d.Ex
pla
in
(
b)Exp
lai
nthesi
gnif
i
c anc
eo f
thefl
atpor
ti
onBCofthecu
rve

91
5. I
naclos
eds y
s t
ema neq
uil
i
briumex i
s t
sbe
twe
enNi
tr
oge
n(I
V)Ox
idea
ndd
ini
tr
oge
n
t
et
rao
xid
ea ssho wni
ntheequat
io
nb el
ow:
N2O4(g) 2NO2(g);H=+27.
5KJ
Pa
ley
ell
ow Re
ddi
shb
rown
(
a)St at
ea nde xpl
ainth eo b serv
ati
onma dewh enag l
asssyri
n g
ec on t
aini
n gthee quili
bri
um
mixtureisimme rsedi ni ce-
coldwa t
er
(
b)I fthep ist
ono fthes yringei spushed,s t
a t
et hee f
fectonthep osit
iono ftheeq uil
ibr
ium
6. Thetableb elowg i
vesth ev olume softheg asp rodu ce
dwh e
nd if
ferentvolu meso f2Mh ydr
ochl
ori
cac
id
werere ac
tedwi t
h1. 0go f alumpo fana ll
o yo fMa gnessiuma ndco ppera troomt emp e
ratur
e
Volumeo f2Mh ydr
o chloricacid(cm3) Volumeo fgas(c m3)
0 0
10 240
20 480
30 600
40 600
50 600
(
a)Wr iteane quati
onf ort h ereacti
onthato c curre
d
(
b)Ont heg ri
dp ro
videdb elow, pl
otag rapho fthev ol
umeo ftheg asp r
o duced(v e
rtic
al a
xis
)
againstthev ol
u meo fa ci
da dded(No tet hatbeforethereacti
onc ome st ocomp let
ion,th
e
volumeo ftheg asp rod ucedisd i
rect
lyp ro port
ionaltothevo l
umeo fthea c
ida dded)
(c)Fromt h egraph,de t
e rmin e:
(
i)Th evolumeo ftheg asp roducedif13. 0cm3o f2Mh y
drochlori
ca cidh adb e
e nu s
ed
(i
i)T hevo l
umeo f2Mh ydrochlo
ricacidr equ i
redforthereacti
ont og ot ocomp leti
on
(
d)St at
ea nde xpl
ainth ee ffectonther at
eo fprodu ct
ionoftheg asif:
(
i)1.0go f t
helumpo ft hea ll
oywe rerepla cedby1. 0gp owderoft healloy
(i
i)Therea ct
io nwa scarr
iedo uta t35oC.
7. I
nas eri
eso fexperi
me ntsi nwh i
chma gne siumr ibbono funif
ormwi d
thr eactedwi t
h2. 0M
Hydroch l
oricacid,t
h era teso fevol
utiono fh ydrogeng aswe r
efou ndtob ea sfollows:-
L e
n gthofri
b bon( c m 1.0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 6. 0 7. 0
Ra t
eo fEvoluti
o no fhydrogen 1.1 1. 8 2. 7 3. 6 4. 6 5. 4 6. 1
3
(cm/ min)
(
I)(a)Dr awag r
apho fr ateo fevolut
iono fh ydroge ngasaga i
nstl
e ngtho fribbon *
(
b)Wh atconclusionc a ny ouma kefromt hisgraph? *
(
c)De terminether ateo fe vol
uti
ono fh yd rogeng asfro
map ie
c eofma gnesi
umr i
bbo n
12cml ongu nd erth esa mec ondi
tion s *
(d)Wi t
hd ot
tedli
n e,ske tcho nthesamea xistheg raphthatwo uldbeo b t
ainedifa l
lthe
ribbonswe reg ro un dintopowd er *
(
II)(a)Thec u r
vesbelowr ep r
esentthec han gesinc oncentr
ationofs ubstancesEa n dFwi t
h
t
imei nreacti
o n
E(g) F
m)

(
g)
3

(
i)Wh ichc urverepresentst hec hangeinth ec o n
ce nt
rat
iono fsubstanceF ?Givear e a
son *
/d

(
ii
)Gi veo nereasonfo rth es hapesofthec u rvesaf
Cte
ur
r
vt
w
eoImi nut
es *
mo
n( l

8. Atyp
icale
lect
rol
ysi
scel
lusesacurre
ntof40,000amper
es.
Calcu
lat
ethemass(
inKgofa
lumini
um
ato
i

pr
oducedinonehour)
.(Al=27)( F
arad
ay=96500Co l
oumbs)
tr

Curv
e I
I
n

9. Thet
ablebel
owshowsthevolumesofnit
roge
n( I
V)oxi
degaspr
oduce
dwh e
nd i
ff
ere
nt
nce

vo
lumesof1M n it
ri
ca c
idwe reeachreac
tedwith0.
635go fcoppe
ratroomtemper
atur
e.
Co

3 3
Volumeo f1Mn i
tr
icacid(c
m) Vo l
umeo fNit
roge
n(IV)ox
idegas(
cm)
5 Ti
mei nminut
es(t
) 60

92
 15 180
25 300
35 420
45 480
55 480
a
)Gi v
eareasonwhyh ydrochl
ori
caci
dc annotbeu s
edinst
eado fni
tri
caci
d
b
)Ex pl
ai
nh ow t herateofth
er eac
ti
onb etweencopperandn i
tr
icaci
dwo ul
dbea f
fec
ted
ifthetemper
atur
eo ftherea
cti
onmi xt
urewa srai
sed
c
)Ont hegri
dp r
ovi
dedb elo
w, pl
otagraphofth
ev ol
umeo ft
h egasproduc
ed(ve
rti
cala
xis
)
agains
tvol
umeo facid
d
)Us i
ngthegraph,de
terminethevol
umeo f
:
(i)Nit
roge
n(IV)oxi
d eproduce
dwh en30cm3o f1Mn i
tri
cacidwerereac
tedwi
th0.635g
ofc
opper
(i
i)1Mn it
ri
cacidwhichwo ul
dr e
actcompl
etel
ywi t
h0.635go fcopper

93
10. T
hegr
aphbe
lowr
epr
ese
ntst
hevo
lumeo
fga
sco
ll
ect
eda
gai
nstt
imewh
end
il
ut
esu
lph
uri
cac
id
i
sre
act
edwi
thZi
ncgr
anul
es:
-

400
m)

300
3
l
Vou c
me(

200

100

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ti
me(
minu
tes
st r
d
(
a)Det
ermi
nether
ateofre
act
io
nbetwee
nthe1 a n
d3 minut
e
(b)Whend
idther
eact
ionst
op?
(
c)Giv
eaposs
ibl
ereas
onfort
here
acti
ontost
op

11. Th
ee quati
o nbelowr epr
esen
tsareac
ti
ont hattakespl
aceinanin
dust
ri
alp
roc
ess
4NH3(g)+5O2(g) 6H2O(g)+4NO(g)
(
a)Na meth ecatal
ystused
(
b)Wh ataret heothercondi
ti
onsf
orther e
action?
(
c)Wh yaret heprodu c
tscool
edbef
oreb ei
ngo xidi
sed?
12. Ni
trogenrea c
tswithh ydr
ogenacc
ordi
n gtothee quat
ionbel
ow:-
N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g)H=- 92KJ
(a)Howwo uldthey i
el
do fammoni
ab eaff
ectedb yin
c r
eas
ein:-
(i
)Pres
su re
(i
i
)temp erat
ure
(
b)Thea mmo ni
apr oduc
edisis
ola
tedformth eo t
hergase
sfro
mt i
metot
ime.
Howdo
es
t
hisa f
fe c
tthee qui
li
bri
um?

13. Exp lainhowy o

uwo ul
do btainani
nso
lubl
esaltXSO4whenyouarepro
vide
dwiththefol
l
owing:-
(i
)Di st
il
ledwate
r
(i
i)So l
idYSO4wh i
chiss olublei
nwat
er
(ii
i)So l
idsal
tX(NO3)
2
14. Me ta lRan dSwereusedt of or
macel
l.Thef
o l
lowin
ghalfe
quat
io
n ssh
owt hes
tan
da r
delec
tro
de
pote ntia
lsoft
heh a
lfc
e l
ls .(RandSar
en ota
c t
u a
lsymb
olsoft
heelement
)
R2++2e -
R(s) E=-2.04V
S2+(aq)+2e-
S(s) E=-0.47V

94
 Wri
tethef
ulle
quat
io
nfo
rth
ec e
lla
ndcal
cul
at
eth
ee .
m.f
15. Th
ea p
para
tusbel
owwer
eusedt
ostud
ythepr
ope
rti
esofa
ir

(a
)Stat
etwoo bs
erv
ati
onsma deatthee ndofth
ee xp
eriment
(b
)Giveonesimpl
eme t
ho dtha
tc a
nb eu s
edtopreventrus
ti
ng
16. Equa
lvolumesof1Mmo n ob
asi
ca ci
dsKa ndLwe reeachreactedwit
hexce
ssz
incg
ran
ule
s.
Thet
ablebel
ows ho
wst hevol
ume softhegasproducedaft
ertwomi nut
es
Acid Vo l
umeo fgas(
cm3)
K 40
L 100
(a
)Expl
ainth
ed i
ff
erenc
einthev ol
ume softhegasproduced
(b
)Howc antheprodu
cti
o nofthegasb ein
crea
sed?

17. Thef ollowingisat hermoche micaleq

u at
ionforther e
a c
tio
nb etweenhy
dro
g e
na n
do x
ygen
-1
H2(g)+O2( g) H2O(l)  H=- 287kJmol
Calc ul
atet hebon denergybe t
we enthee l
ementsinwa tergi
v e
nt ha
t:
-1 -1
O=O=+496k Jmo l H-H=+435k Jmo l
18. AgCl O2(s) Ag(s
)+ ½C l2(
g)+ O2(
g)H= 0.00KJ/mol
Wh atisthee f
fectonth epositi
ono fequil
ibr
iumo fthea bov
es yst
emift
emper
atur
eis
dec reased?Gi v
ear eason
19. Sod iumc ar
b on
atewa sreactedwi t
hd i
lutesul
phuric(VI)acidat25oC.T
hevolu
meo f
ca
rb o n(IV)Ox i
deg asliber
atedwa srecordedat10s econdsint
erval
.Bel
owisagraphof
thev o l
u meo fcarbo
n( IV)Ox idegase volv
eda g
ainsttime.

(
a)Onthesamea xes,
sketc
hth ecurv
elabel
ledVthatwouldbeobt
aine
difBar
iumcarbon
ate
wasusedi
n s
teadofsodiumc ar
bonate
. (
Allc
ondi
tio
nsremainconst
ant
)
20. (
a)Wh a
tisme a
n tbyacti
vat
io
ne nergy?
(
b)Ac e
rta
inma ssofungroundc o
mp oundX1react
edwithexce
ssdil
ut
eh y
dro
chlor
icaci
d.
Th
ev ol
umeo fcarbon(I
V)o xi
degasli
b e
rat
edwasme asur
edaft
ereve
ry20seco
nd s
.
Theresul
tswe r
epresent
eda sshowninthegra
phb el
ow:-
25

20
V)

95
I

15
n(
o
m)
b
r
3

10
Ca
c
(
 (
i)Onthesa
mea xi
s,s
ketchthecurv
ethatwoul
dbeob
tai
nedifthee
xper
imen
twasre
peat
ed
usi
nggro
undcompo u
n dX1
(
ii
)Expl
aint
heshapeofyourcurv
ein(b)(i
)ab
ove
22. Thesk
etchbe
lowshowstherateatwhi
chsubst
anc
eTisconv
e r
tedi
ntoU.St
udyi
tand
a
n s
wertheques
ti
onsthatfol
l
o ws
:-
nta
rto
in

T
nc
Co e

T
ime
Whe
ntheeq
uil
ibri
umhasbe
enest
abl
i
shedt
het
woc u
rvesb
eco
meh o
riz
ont
ala
ft
ers
ome
ti
me.
Ex
pla
int
heeff
ectoft
heamoun
toft
hetwor
eac
tan
tsandpr
oduc
ts

23. El
ementsA,B,
C, a
ndDa renota
ctu
alsymbol
s,h
avea
tomicn
umb e
rs19,
9,12and10res
pec
ti
vel
y.
(a
)Wh i
chtwoel
ementsrep
res
entnon-
meta
ls
(b)Wri
tethef
ormul
ao ft
hecompoundf
ormedbet
wee
ne l
ement
sBa n
dCa n
did
enti
tyt
he
bo
ndp r
ese
ntinth
ec ompoun
d

24. Ane q uil

ibri
umi sestabl
ishedbet
weenn i
tr
og ent
etr
a-oxi
dea ndn it
roge
n(IV)ox
ideass
hownb
elo
w:
Stat
ea n
de xp
lai
nwh a
thappe
n swhent e
mperat
ureisinc r
ease
d
N2O4(l
) 2NO2(g)
Pal
ey ell
o w Re d-b
rownfumes
25. Theg raphb el
o ws h
owst heamo un
tofcal
ciumc ar
bonat
ea ndc alc
iumchlo
ridev
aryi
ng
wit
ht i
mei nth ereact
io
ns :
Ca CO3(s)+2HCI(aq) CaCl2(
aq)+H20(
g)+C O2(g)

96
 (a
)Wh i
chc u rveshowst heamountofcalc
iumc hlori
dev ar
yi
ngwithti
me? (
lmk)
(
b)Explainwh ythetwoc urve
sb ec
omeh oriz
o nt
alaf
te ragi
venperi
odoft
ime. (
lmk)
(
c)Sketcho ntheg r
aphh owc urv
eIIwo ul
da ppeari
ft heex
peri
mentwasrep
eat
edusi
nga
mo red il
u t
eh ydrochl
o r
icaci
ds o
lut
ion (l
mk)
26 St
a teth eeff
ectont heequi
li
bri
umwh e n;
a)Pressu reisincr
eased
b)Ox yg eng asisadded
6. Ane quil
ibr
iumise st
abli
she dbe
tweenCrO4adH+i
n onsassho
wnb el
ow:
+
2CrO42-(
aq)+2 H (
aq) CrO2-
2 7(
aq2
)+
- H O
2 (
l)
(Yellow) (
Orange)
27. St atea nde xpl
ainan dexpl
aintheobser
vationma dewh e
na q
u e
oussodi
umhydro
xid
eisadded
t
ot hee q uil
ib
riummi xtur
e

28. T
woexper
imentswerecarri
edoutasfol
lowsandthev
olu
meo fhydr
ogeng
ase
vol
ved
mea
sur
eda ti
nter
val
so f10sec
ondsfor100secon
ds.
(
i)8cmo fmagnesi
u mribb
onwa saddedto1Mh y
droch
lor
icaci
d
(
ii
)8cmo fma gn
e s
iumr i
bbonwasa d
d e
dto0.5Mhydroc
hlor
icaci
d
Gr
aphsofvol
umeo fhydroge
ne v
olvedagai
nstt
imewer
ep l
ott
ed
e
gn

B
yr
do
m)

A
fh
3
meo
c
(
l
Vou

Ti
me(Sec
)
(
a)Whic
hoft
hegra
phwasob
tai
nedf
orr
eact
io
n(i
)ab
ove
?Ex
pla
in
(
b)Ex
pla
int
hege
neral
sha
peoft
hegr
aph

29. Br
omined
iss
olv
esi
nwa t
erf
ormingab
rownsolu t
ion
,ac co
rdi
ngtothed
yna
mic
equ
ati
onbel
ow.
2H+(aq)+Br- -
Br
2(a
q)+H2O(l
) (a
q)+OBr(a
q)

St
at
eandex
pla
int
heobs
erv
ati
ont
hatc
oul
dbema
dei
fas
olu
ti
ono
fso
diu
mhy
dro
xid
e
i
sadde
dtot
hesys
tem
El
ect
roc
hemi
st
ry
1. Theset
upbelo
wwasu
sedt
oca
rryo
utt
hee
lec
tro
lys
iso
fMa
gne
siu
msu
lph
ates
olu
ti
onu
sin
g
i
nerte
lec
tro
des.

(
i)Na
meas
uit
abl
epa
iro
fel
ect
rod
eth
atc
anb
eus
edi
nth
eab
ovep
roc
ess
.

97
 (i
i)St
a t
eandexpl
ainthechang
esontheconcent
rat
io
no fmagne
siumsulp
hateso
lut
io
nas
t
hep r
oces
sprocee
ds.
2. Du r
ingpuri
fi
cat
ionofcopperb
yel
e c
tro
lys
is,
1.48gofcopperwer
edeposi
tedwhena
c
urrentwaspas
sedthro
u g
ha qu
eouscoppe
r(II
)sul
phatefo
r2½h ours.Cal
cul
at
ethe
a
mo untofcur
ren
tp a
ssed.
(Cu=63. 5 1Farada
y=96500C)
3 Thediagra
mb el
owr e
presen
tsas6
e
t3
-uptha
tcan6
b5
eusedforthee
lec
tro
lysi
sofdi
lut
esul
phu
rica
cid
29 29

(
a)Na
meth eel
ect
rode
sAandB
(
b)Wri
teanequat
ionf
ort
herea
cti
onta
kin
gpl
aceate
lec
tro
deB
(
c)Whath
a pp
enstoth
econc
entr
ati
ondi
lu
tes
ulp
huri
caci
dast
her
eac
ti
onc
ont
in
ues
?

4. Ina ne lect
roly
sis
,acurre
n to f200Awa spass
edthr
o u
ghmo lt
enoxi
deofmet
alQ
fo
r58mi nutesand64.8goft heme tal
deposi
te
d.Det
ermine
;
i
)Ch argeo nme t
alQ
ii
)T hev o
lumeo foxy
geng asp rodu
c edatst
andar
dte
mp er
atu
reandpr
ess
ure
3
Q=27 I F=96500C, mo l
arg a
sv olumest
p=22.
4d m
5. Co ns i
derth ereduc
ti
onp ot
ential
sb e
lo w.
2+
Pb (a)+2
q e Pb()=-
s O.13V
2+
Mg (aq)+2e Mg (
s)=-O.76V
a)Wr i
tet heovera
llRed
o xreacti
onth att
akespl
acewhe
nt heabo
veha
lfce
ll
sar
eco
nne
cte
d.

b)De t
e r
mi netheE val
ueo ft
h eabov ecel
l.
(
c)Ca l
culatewh i
chgroupofthep eri
od i
ctabl
eisel
ementF?

6. Anoxi
deofe
leme
ntFhast
hef
oll
owi
ngf
ormu
la:
-F2O5
(a)De
ter
min
etheox
ida
ti
onst
at
eofF

El
eme
nt So
diu
m Magn
esi
um Al
umi
ni
um
At
omi
cnumb
er 11 12 13

7. T
hetabl
ebel
owg i
vesele
me nt
sandth e
irat
omicnumbers.Answert
heq ues
ti
onstha
tfol
lo
w:
Comparetheel
ectr
ic
al c
on d
u c
ti
vi
tyofsod
iuma ndal
umini
um. Expl
ai
n
8. Wh a
tmassofZi
ncwillbedeposi
tedfr
omas ol
uti
ono fZi
nc(I
I)Chlor
idewhenacurr
ent
of3Aisp
asse
dthroughtheZi
n c(I
I)Chlor
ides
olut
ionduri
ngelec
tro
lysi
sfor50mi
nute
s?
(Zn=65,1Far
aday=96500C)
9. St ud
ythefl
owchartbel
owa ndanswertheques
ti
onsthatf
oll
ow:
Co
ppe
rPy
ri
te
s
Ga
sQ Ga
sQ

St
ep(
I) F
rothf
l
oat
at
io
n,
Air

St
ep(
II
) Ai
r Cu2S
Cu
FeS2 Cu
2S(
s) Cu
2O St
ep(IV) Cu
(s
)
St
ep(
II
I)
98
St
ep(
V)

F
eO
 (
a)Na meg asQ…………………………………………………………… .
(
b)Wi t
htheh e
lpofdi
agr
am,de scri
behows t
ep(V)iscar
ri
edo ut
10. Nitrogenan dhydrog
enrea
ctrev ers
ibl
yacco
rdin
gt otheequ
atio
n:-
-1
N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g);H=-92kj
mo l
Thee nerg
yl eveld
iagr
amfort
h ea bovere
act
ionisshownbelow:-

Ener
gy N2(g)+3H2(g)
(KJ
)

2NH3(g)

React
io
np at
h
(
a)Howwouldtheyi
eldofammo ni
ab eaf
fec
tedby:
(i
)Adecre
aseintemperat
ure
(
ii
)Anincr
easeinpress
ure
(
b)Howdoesacatal
ystaf
fec
treve
rsibl
erea
cti
onalr
ead
yine
qui
li
bri
um?
(
c)Onth
ea b
oved i
agram,sk
etcht
h eener
gyleve
ldi
agr
amth
atwoul
dbeob
tai
nedwh
en
i
roncat
al
ysti
sa d
d edt
othereacti
on

11. Studyt heelectrodep ot

ent
ialsint het a
b l
eb elowa ndanswertheques
tionthatfol
low:
(Lett
ersa r
en o ttheactua
lsymb olsofe l
eme n t
s)
(E/ Volt
s )
H2+(aq)+2e -
H(s) +0. 34
2+ -
Z (aq)+2e Z (
s) -
2.38
G+(aq)+e -
G(s) +0.80
2+ -
T +2e T(
s) -2.87
(
a)Wh icho neist hestronge
str edu ci
nga gen t
?
(b)Writethei onicequ a
ti
onfo rth ereacti
ont h a
ttakespla
c ewhenZisdippedinas ol
ut
ion
+
ofG i ons
(
c)Calculat
et heEc e l
lva
lueo fth ereacti
o nin22. (
b)above
12. Wh enah ydroc a
rbonwa sco mp lete
lyb urntino x
y ge
n ,
4.2go fCar
bon(IV)oxideand1.71g
o fwaterwe ref or
me d.Dete
rmi n ethee mp i
ricalofthehydroc
a r
bon.(
H=10 C=12. 0 O=16.0)
13. Du ri
nge le
c tr
o l
ysisofaqueou sc opper(II)su l
phate144,750c o
ulo
mb sofele
c tr
ic
it
ywereu s
ed.
Ca l
culat
eth ema ssofcopperme talt
h a
twa sobtai
n e
d(Cu=641F a
raday=96, 5000coulombs)
14. So di
umme tal re
a ct
swithoxy gena ccordingt othefoll
owingequat
ion:
-
He at

99
 6Na(
s)+2O2(g) Na2O2(
s)+2Na
2O(
s)
St
at
eonephysi
calando n
ech
emi
cal
d i
ff
erenc
ebet
weenNa
2O2a
ndNa
2O
Ph
ysi
caldi
ff
ere
nce ……………………………………………
Che
mical
dif
fer
ence
……………………………………

15. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wsh
owsa
nel
ect
roc
hemi
cal
cel
l
:

Mg
SO4(aq)
(
a)Giv
ethefor
mul
aofth
ep oss
ibl
esal
tL
(
b)Onthedi
agr
amshowthedir
ect
ionofmo
veme
nto
fel
ect
ron
s
(
c)Wri
teth
ecel
lre
pre
sent
ati
on

6. Ther ea cti
o nb l
owi sar e
d oxre acti
on
O4-(aq)+8H+(aq)+5F 2+
Mn e (
aq) )
(a
)I d e
n tif
yt hespec i
esredu ced. Expl
ain
(b)Wr itet hee quat
ionf ortheo xidat
ionr eacti
on
17. Co n si
d ert hecellr
e pres
e nt
a t
ionb el
o w
3+ 2+ θ
Cr(s
)/Cr (
aq)//Fe (aq
)/Fe
(s) E =+0 .
30V
i)Wr i
tet heo veral
l c
e l
lreacti
o nf o
rth eab oveel
ect
roc
hemical
cell
θ 2+ θ 3+
i
i)Gi vent h atE valueforF e (aq)/Fe(
s)is-0.40V,
cal
cul
atetheE val
uef
orCr (aq
)/Cr
(s
)
18. (a
)De sc ri
b ethep r
o c
e s
sb ywh ichTri
c hlo
r ofl
uoro
me t
haneNit
roge
nisobt
ai
nedfrom
airo nal a
rges c
a l
e

(
b)St
udyt
hef
l
owc
har
tbe
lowa
nda
nswe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w
Ni
t
rog
eng
as
Co
ppe
r(I
II
)Ox
ide
Ammo
nia Co
ppe
r
Ai
r
St
epVI He
at
St
epI Pl
at
in
um-
Rho
diu
m Wa
ter
Hi
ght
emp
era
tur
e
Ga
sJ

St
epI
I Ai
r
Wa
ter
,ai
r Ammo
nia
Ni
tr
ogen(
IV) Ni
tri
c(V) Ammoniu
m
Ox
ide St
epI
II ac
id St
epI
V ni
tr
ate

St
epV

Pr
odu
cts
100
 (i
)Ide
nti
fygasJ
(ii
)Usi
ngo xi
dat
ionnumbers,
showthatammoniai
sther
edu
cin
gage
ntins
tepVI
(ii
i
)Wr i
tetheeq
uati
onthatoccu
rsinst
epV
(iv
)Giveoneuseofammo ni
umn i
tra
te
(
c)Thetabl
ebel
ows howst
h eobse
rvat
io
nsma d
ewh e
na q
ueo
usammoni
awasadd
edt
o
cati
onsofel
eme n
tsE,FandGu nti
li
ne x
cess

Ca
ti
ono
f Addi
ti
onofafewdr
opso
faq
ueo
us Addi
ti
ono fe
xcess
ammonia aque
ousammo n
ia
E Whit
epreci
pi
tat
e In
solu
ble
F Noprec
ipi
tat
e Nopreci
pi
tat
e
G Whit
epreci
pi
tat
e Dis
sol
ves

2+
(
i)Sel
ectt
heca
ti
onth
atisli
kel
ytobeZn ………………………………
(
ii
)Give
ntha
tth
eformulaoft
hecat
io
no fe
leme
n sE2+,
tEi wri
tet
hei
oni
ceq
uat
io
nfo
rth
e
reac
ti
onb e
tweenE2+andaq
ueousammoni
a

19. a
)Studyt hestand
ardelec trod
ep ote
nti
a lforth eh
a l
f
-cell
sg i
venbelowanda nswe
rtheq ue
sti
ons
t
hatfol
low.(
T h
el e
tte
rd on otrepresentthea ctua
l s
ymb o l
so ft
hee le
ments)
EθVo lt
s
N+(aq)+e-
N(s ); -2.
92
+ -
J (
a q)+e J();
s +0.52
K+(aq)+e-
½K2(g); 0. 00
-
½G2(g)+e G-(a
q); +1.36
2+ -
M (aq)+2e M(s) ; - 0.
44
i)I
d e
ntif
ythestr
ongesto xi
di
zinga ge
nts.Gi vear ea
sonf oryouranswer
ii
)Wh i
c htwohalf
-ce
ll
swo ul
dp roducetheh ighes
tp ot
en ti
aldi
ff
ere
n c
ewh encombi
ned?
i
ii
)Inthespacebel
owd ra wac o mp l
et
ee le
ctroc hemic
a lcel
lofthetwo-ha
lfce
ll
smenti
oned
i
n( i
i)above

20. Be
lowisasi
mpl
i
fi
eddia
gra
moftheDo
wn’
sce
llf
ort
hee
xtr
act
io
nofs
odi
um.
Stu
dyi
t
an
da n
swert
heque
sti
onth
atf
ol
lo
w:-

So
diu
m
Mol
te
n
Na
Cl+Ca
Cl2

101
 (
i)Fromwh i
chsubst
ancesareth
ee l
ect
rode
sma de?
tho
de…………………………………………………………….
Anode……………………………………………………………………
(
ii
)Stat
ea ndexpl
ai
nwh ysodiu
mc hlor
idei
smixedwit
hc a
lci
umc h
lor
ide
(
ii
i)Wh a
tistherol
eoftheir
ong a
uze
(
iv)Writ
eequati
onsfo
rthereact
ionat:-
c
athod
e
a
n ode
(
v)Wh ic
hp ro
pert
yofsodiu
mma ke
sitposs
ibl
etocoll
ecti
tassh
own ?

(
b)Whenacurre
ntof6.
42Awa spasse
dthr
oughanele
ctr
oly
teY2+i
onsfor10mi
nut
es,
2.74ofYwe r
edeposi
te
d
(i
)Cal
cul
atethequa
nti
tyofel
ect
ri
ci
typas
sedi
ntheexp
eri
men t
(i
i
)Deter
minethere
lat
iveat
omicmasso
fY(1Far
aday=96000c o
ulo
mb s)

21. (a)T het ableg i

vesthest
an d ardr
edo
xpo
ten t
ia
lsf
oran
umb
ero
fha
lfr
eac
ti
ons
.Us
eitt
oan
swe
r
t
h eq uesti
o n
st h
atfol
low: -
(E/Vol
ts
)
2+ -
Z n (a
q)+2 e Zn(
s) -0.76
2+ -
Fe (
aq)+2 e Fe
(s
) -0.44
2+ - -
I ()+2
l e 2I(
aq ) +0.54
3+ - 2+
Fe (aq)+e Fe (aq) +0.77
+ -
Ag +e Ag(s
) +0.88

(
i)Rel
ati
v etowhichhalf
-c
ellr
eact
io
na r
etheabov
eelect
rodepo t
enti
alsex
pres
sed?
-
(
ii
)Calculat
ethee.m.foft
hecell
ma deupbycombi
ningtheI2(
l)/
2I(a
q)el
ect
rodeand
2+
Z
n (aq)/
Zn(
s)elec
trode
(
ii
)Wh ic
ho ft
hesubsta
ncesli
st
edintheab
ovetabl
eis:-
I.Thes t
ronge
sto x
idi
si
ngagent
I
I.Thes t
ronge
streduci
ngagent
(
iv)Whichs ubs
tance
sc oul
dbeusedtoconv
erti
odi
deionstoio d
ine?Writ
eb a
lan
cedeq
uat
io
ns
foran yposs
ibl
ec onv
ers
ions

22. a)Thes ta
n darde le
ctr
odep ot
enti
alfo
rt h ee l
eme ntschl
ori
nea ndma gnesi
uma r
e:-
- - θ
Cl2(
g)+2 e 2Cl (a)E +1
q .36V
2+ -
Mg (
aq)+2e Mg (
s) Eθ-2.36V
i
)Wh icho neo f t
hetwoe l
ementswil
la cta sa noxid i
zi
ngagent?Expl
ain.
i
i
)Ca l
culat
et hee le
ctr
omo t
ivefor
ceofac ellwh eretheo v
eral
lreact
ionis
:-
Cl2(
g)+Mg (
s) Mg Cl2(
s)
b)Thet ableb elowg i
vesth ereduct
ions ta nda
rde l
ect
rodep ote
nti
alsfordiv
a l
entmeta
ls.
T
hel et
tersa renotth
eiract
ualsymb ols.Us ethe mtoa n
swert h
eq ues
ti
onsthatf
oll
ow:-
Me t
al Eθ( v
o lt
s)
P +1. 50
Q -0.44
R +0. 34
S +0.76
i)Sel
e ctt
wome ta
lswhoseh al
fcel
l
sc anp rod u
cet hehighes
tvo l
ta
gewh enconnect
ed.
ii
)Dra wawe lllabe
ll
edd i
agramofelectro c
h emical ce
llf
ormedb yhalf
-c
ell
sofme t
al
sPa n
dQ
ii
i)Ca l
cul
a t
et hevolt
agep r
oducedbyt hec e lli
n(ii)abov
e
c)Wh enn i
tratesolut
io
no facert
ai
nme talXwa se lect
rol
ysed
, 1.
174go fmeta
lXwa s

102
 d
epos
it
edbyacurr
entof4a
mp er
esfl
owi
ngfor16mi
nut
es.
Det
ermi
net
hef
ormu
lao
f
t
hemet
aln
itr
ate
. ( 1F
=96,500,R.
A.MofX=59)

23. St udycaref
u l
lythein f
o r
ma t
iong i
venb el
owa nda nswertheq uesti
on st
ha tfol
l
o w:
-
Substance Ph ysic
a lstate So l
ub i
li
tyin Otherinforma t
ion
ate.
t.p wate
r
A Soli
d -Sol
u bl
e -solut
ionc ondu c
tse l
ectri
cit
yformingtwo
-Bluesolut
ion p roductsBa ndC
-Bi ssoli
da ndCi sag reenis
h– yell
owg as
D Gas -Sol
u bl
e -So l
uti
onf ormsp alebluep r
ecip
itat
ewithA
-Colourl
ess andt h
end e
epb lues o
lutioninexcess
sol
uti
o n
E Soli
d -Ins
o l
uble -Wi t
has o l
utionofAf ormsBa ndac o
lourl
ess
2+
solut
iona tE io n
s
(a
)Identi
fythes ubst
anc esre pr
e sent
edb ythelett
ers
(b
)Gi veequ a
ti
o nsforther eactionsinwh ic
h:-
(
i)Sub s
tanceBi sforme df romt hesoluti
ono fAo nelect
roly
s i
s
(
ii
)Su bst
a n
ceBi sfo r
me dfroms ol
uti
onAwh e
nr ea
ctedwithE
(c
)Giveo neuseo fgasC
(d
)Na met heionrespon si
b l
ef orthed eepbluesoluti
on
24. ( a
)St udythestandarde lectrodepo t
enti
alsfortheel
e mentsg i
venb elowa ndan s
we rt
heq ue
sti
ons
thatfol
low.T helettersd on o
trepresenttheactuals
ymb o
lso ft
hee leme nt
s
E
-
Q2(g) +2e 2Q-(aq) +2.87
-
R2(g)+2e 2R-(aq) +1.36
S2+(aq)+2e -
S(s ) +1. 23
+ -
2T(aq)+2e T2(
g ) 0.00
U2+(aq)+2e-
U(s) -0.13
2+ -
V (aq)+2e V(s) -0.76
(i
)Wh a
tistheEv al
u eo fthewe akes
tred u
cingagent?
(i
i)Wh ic
he lemen tislikelytobeh ydrogen?Givear e
asonf ory ouranswe r
(i
ii
)Dr awad iagramf o rthec e
llthatwouldb eobtai
nedwh entheh al
fc el
lofelements
SandVa rec omb i
n ed
(i
v)Ca l
culat
et hee .
m. foft heel
e ct
rochemicalcel
lina( i
ii
)a bove

(
b)T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tst
hee
lec
tro
lys
iso
fdi
l
utes
ulp
hur
ic(
VI)a
cid

(i
)Nameth
eg as
esXandY
(i
i)Wr
it
eioni
cequat
io
nfo
rthefor
mat
ionofgasX
(
ii
i
)Atwhate
lect
roded
oesr
edu
c t
io
ntak
ep l
ace
?Expl
ai
nyo
ura
nswe
r

103
 (
iv
)Na
met
hemo
sts
uit
abl
eel
ect
rod
esf
ort
hi
sex
per
ime
nt.
Exp
lai
nyo
ura
nswe
r

25. Thef
l
owchar
tbe
lowshowsanana
lys
iso
fmi
xt
ureRt
hatc
ont
ai
nst
wos
alt
s.St
udyi
t
a
ndanswe
rth
eques
ti
onstha
tfo
ll
ow:-

Mi
xt
ureR
Ad
dwat
ert
henf
i
lt
er
St
epIV Di
vi
dei
nt
otwop
ort
io
nsSt
epI Twomet
alo
xid
es+CO2+
NO2+O2+H2O
St
epII
Ad
ddi
l.H2SO4
Re
sid
ueV F
il
tr
ateW Re
sid
ue
F
il
tr
ateX
St
epV
Ad
dHNO3
St
epI
II
So
lut
io
nZ+CO2 Addex
ces
s Ad
dexc
ess
NH4OH NaOH
Col
ourl
ess Col
ourl
ess
Ad
dex
cessNaOH Ad
dexce
ssNH4OHt
o s
olu
ti
on s
olu
ti
on
t
opo
rti
onofZ p
ort
ionofZ

Col
ourl
ess Whit
e
s
olu
ti
on p
rec
ipi
ta
te

(
i)Wri
tetwoio nicequa
ti
onsforthereact
io
n sbetweenth
ec at
io
ninf
il
tr
ateXa
nda
que
ous
ammonia( Ammo niumh y
droxi
de)unt
ili
ne xce
s s
(
ii
)Wh a
tco nclusi
oncanbed r
awnf r
omSt epIVo nly
?Expla
in
-
(
ii
i)Whato b
servati
onwo u
ldindi
catethepresen
ceo faNO3 i
oninst
epI?
(
iv)Wri
tethefo r
mu l
aoftheani
oninr es
idueV. Expl
ai
n
(
v)Suggesttheident
it
yofthecat
ionp r
esentinsolut
ionZ
(
vi)Na
met het wosalt
sprese
ntinmi x
tureR

26.
(a)T
hes
et-
upbe
lowwa
sus
edi
nth
eel
ect
rol
ysi
sofc
opp
erI
Ini
tr
ates
olu
ti
on:
GasP

Pl
at
in
umr
ods

104
 (i
)Wh a
tisel
ect
rol
ysi
s?
(
ii
)Showtheanodeandcat
hodeont
hediagr
am
(i
ii
)Expl
ai
nh owyouwouldconf
ir
mgasP
(
iv
)Wr i
teth
ee qu
ati
onfort
hereac
ti
onocc
urri
ngat
(a
)Anode
(b
)Cathode
(
v)Stat
etwochange
sthatocc
uronthee
lec
tro
lyt
eaft
ert
heexpe
ri
ment
(b)Bel
owa r
ethest
andar
delec
tro
depot
ent
ial
sfore
lec
tro
desBandD

B2t(aq)+2e
-
B(s) –2.
92V
2t -
D (aq)+2e D(s) +0.
34V

(i
)Id
entif
ytheelect
rodewh ic
his;
(
a)Theleastre
du c
ingage n
t
(
b)Thes t
rongestoxi
diz
ingagent
(i
i
)Calcul
atethee.m.fofthecel
lf
ormedwh enthet
woe
lec
tro
desar
ec o
nn e
cte
d
(
ii
i
)Wr i
teac e
llrep
resenta
ti
veforth
ec e
llabove
27. Atypi
calele
c t
rol
ysi
sce l
lusesacur
rentof40,
000amp
eres
.Cal
cul
atethemass(
inKgo
fal
umi
ni
um
pr
oducedinoneh our)
.(Al =27)(F
arada
y=96500Col
oumbs)

28. Ast ri
pofc o
ppermet
alwasi
mme rsedin
toanit
rateso
lut
io
nofme
tal
Qov
ern
igh
t.Us
eth
e
i
nfo rmat
ionb e
lowt
oanswerqu
es t
ionstha
tfol
low

E( Vol
ts
)
-
Q(aq)+e Q(s) +0.80
2+ -
Cu (a
q)+2e Cu
(s
) +0.
34

(
a)Sta
tetheobser
vati
on smadeattheendofth
ee x
per
iment
(
b)Giveareas
o nf
ortheo bse
rvat
io
n smadein(a)a
bove
(
c)Cal
c u
lat
ethee.m.fofthecel
labove
29. (
a)Exces
sma r
b l
echips(Cal
ciu
mc arbonat
e)wasputi
nabeake
rco
nta
ini
ng150cm3
ofdi
lut
ehydrochl
o r
icaci
d.Theb e
akerwasputonawei
ghin
gbal
anc
eandtheto
tal
los
sinma ssrec
ordeda f
te
reverytwominut
esasshowni
nthet
abl
ebel
ow:
T
ime(mi
n) 0 2 4 6 8 10
T
ota
llos
sinma
ss(
g) 0 1.
8 2.
45 2.
95 3.
2 3.
3
(i
)Wh ywastherealossinma s
s?
(
ii
)Th eave
ragerat
eofreact
ionwa sfas
terbet
ween0a nd2minute
stha
nb et
ween
6a nd8mi nut
es.Ex pl
ainwh y
(
ii
i
)St at
eon ewayinwhichtherateofre
a c
ti
onc a
nb einc
rea
sed
(
iv
)Wh enaqueou
ss o
d i
ums ul
phatewasa dde
dtocon t
ent
softh
eb e
ake
r,awh i
tepre
cip
it
at
e
wasformed;
(I)Ident
if
ythewh i
teprec
ipi
tate………………………………………………………
(II)Nameo neuseofthesubstanc
en a
me din(i
v)(
I)above
b
)As t
udentper
for
me dthef
o l
l
o wingexper
imentwit
ha ni
nte
nti
ontoext
rac
tcal
c i
umme t
al

105
 (
i)Thestuden
twa ssur
pris
edth a
tnoc al
ci
umwasproducedint
heexper
iment
.Expl
ai
n
whyn ocal
ci
umwa sp ro
d u
c ed
(
ii
)Wr it
etheequati
onforthereact
io
nt h
atoc
curr
edattheanodei
fthesol
ut
ionwascon
cen
trat
ed
(
ii
i)Theelec
trol
ysi
sinv
olvedpa s
si
nga nel
ect
ri
ccurr
entof4Aforon
eh our
.Calc
ula
tet
hemassof
theproduc
tattheanode.(1Far
aday=96500C,Cl=35.5,H=1.0,O=16,Ca=40)

30. Ch
ept
oos
et-
ups
omea
ppa
rat
usa
ssh
owni
nth
edi
agr
amb
elo
w:-

Atth
es t
artof
theexpe
riment
,th
eb ul
bdi
dn otli
ght
:-
(a
)Stat
ean dex
plai
ntheobse
rvat
ionmadewhenthetapwasope
nedtoal
lo
wt h
ehy
dro
gen
chl
ori
degasthr
oughthewate
rforab
o u
t20mi nut
es
(b
)Wr i
tet
h eche
micalequ
ati
onforth
ereac
ti
o ntha
tto
o kp
lac
eattheca
thod
e

31.Me
tal
sKa n dNwe reconne
cte
dtof
ormac
ell
ass
howni
nth
edi
agr
amb
elo
w.T
hei
rre
duc
ti
on
pote
n t
ia lsar
ea ssh
ownb el
ow:
K+(aq)/K(s)-0.17V
N+(aq)/N(s)=+1. 16V

I.Wri
tetheequat
ionfortheh
alf
-c
ell
rea
cti
onth
ato
ccu
rsa
t
Me ta
lKe l
ect
r o
de
Me ta
lNe l
ectrode
I
IIde
ntif
yPa ndst
ateitsro
lei
ntheabov
eset
up
(i
).Ident
it
yo fP

106
 (i
i).RoleofPinthese
tup.
I
II
.Onthed i
agram,showthef
lowof
I.Elec
trons
II
. Curr
ent.
I
VCalcu
latecel
lpoten
ti
al(E)f
ort
hecel
lre
pre
sent
edi
nth
ese
tupa
bov
e
32. (
a)Th
ed i
ag r
amb el
ows h
owsaZ i
nc–c
opperc
ell
.

(
i)Givent
hesta
n d
ardele
ctr
o d
ep ot
ent
ia
lofZi
nci
s-0.
76Va
ndt
hato
fco
ppe
ris+0.
34V,
sug
ges
t;
(
i)
Thei
denti
tyofW …………………………………………………………………. .
..
(ii)Th
eiden
ti
tyofX …………………………………………………………………… .
(
ii
i)Theequa
ti
onfortheovera
llce
llr
eact
io
n
(
iv)There
adi
ngo nthevol
tmeter

(
b)So
diu
mhy
dro
xid
ema
ybema
nuf
act
ure
dbyt
hee
lec
tro
lys
iso
fbr
inea
sint
hed
iag
ramb
elo
w:-

(
i)Sta
tethechemic
alnameofbr
ine
(
ii
)Wr i
tet
h eequa
ti
onsfort
here
act
ionsar
etheel
ect
rod
es
Anode
Cat
ho d
e
(
ii
i)Expl
ai
nh owsodiu
mh ydr
oxi
deiso
b t
ai
nedfr
omthepro
duc
toft
hi
spr
oce
ss

33. Atyp
ica
l el
ect
rolysiscel
l u
sesacurr
e ntof40,000amp e
res.Ca
lcul
at
ethemas
s(i
nki
log
rams)
ofal
umi ni
ump r
o ducedinonehou r( Al=27,1Far
aday=96,
500coul
ombs)
34. Th
ereactio
nb e
twe ena mmo ni
aando xyg
e ntoformNitr
og e
n(II
)oxi
dei
shigh
lye
xot
her
mic
4NH3(g)+5O2(g) 4NO(g)+6H2O(g)
Thereact
ioni
sc a rr
ie
do uti
np r
esenceo fpla
ti
nium-r
hodiumcat
aly
sta
t1173ka
ndapress
ure

107
 of911.952kpa.
i)Ex pl
ai
nh owe achofth efol
lowingwo uldaff
ecttheyie
ldofNi
tr
oge
n(I
I)oxi
degas
:
a)Re duc
ti
oninp r
essur
e
b)Us i
ngamo reeff
i
cientca
tal
yst
35. T hefol
lowingta
bleshowsthest
a ndardredu
cti
onp ot
ent
ial
sofs
omehal
fcel
l
s.St
udyt
he
t
ab l
ea n
dr e
fert
oittoanswertheq uest
io
nsthatf
o l
lo
w;
Halfreact
ion Eθvol
ts
4+ - 3+
P (aq)+e P (aq) +0.61

Q3+(aq)+e
-
Q2+(aq) +0.
77
-
R2(g)+2e 2R-(aq) +0.
54

S2+(aq)+2e
-
S(s) -
0.44
2+ -
T (
aq)+2e T
(s
) -
0.74

a)I de nt
if
yt h
es trongesto x i
dizinga gen t
b)Wh i
chs ubstancewo uldb eu sedt oo xi
d i
zeR-i
o ntotheato
mR
c)St u dythece l
lrep r
esen t
e db elow;
2+
T()/
s T (aq/
)/S2+(aq)/S(s)
i)Id enti
fythee l
ec t
rodes
i
i)Wr it
ee quat
ion sforther ea
c ti
ont ak i
ngp l
aceine a
chh al
f-c
ell
ii
i)De t
erminet hec el
lequ a t
iona n dt h eel
e c
tromotiv
eforce(e
.m.f
)ofth
ecell
repr
esen
tedi
n
(c )above
iv)Inwh ichdirectiondoe st hee l
e c t
ro nsfl
owi ntheexte
rnalci
rcui
toft
hecel
lwhosee.
m.f
isd e
terminedi n(ii
i)abo ve
d)As t
eadyc u
r r
en tof2.5Awa sp a ssedf or15mi nut
esthroughacel
lcont
ai
ningdi
val
enti
ons
M2+. Du ri
ngt hisp r
oce ss0. 74go fme t
alMwa sdeposi
ted(I
F=96500C)
i)Ca lcula
tetheq u anti
tyo fe l
ec t
ricityp assedinthiscel
l
ii
)De te r
minether elati
vea to micma s so fM
36. Th ef ol
lowingt a
b leshowst hes tan da rdreduct
ionp ot
ent
ial
sofsomeh a
lfc
ell
s.
St ud ythetablea ndr e
fert oittoa ns werthequ e
stio
nsthatfol
lo
w;
Ha lfr e
acti
o n Eθvolt
s
P4+(aq)+e -
P3+(aq) +0.61

Q3+(aq)+e
-
Q2+(aq) +0.
77
-
R2(g)+2e 2R-(aq) +0.
54

S2+(aq)+2e
-
S(s) -
0.44
2+ -
T (
aq)+2e T
(s
) -
0.74

a)Ident
if
yt hestronges
to x i
diz
inga gent
b)Wh i
chs ubstancewo uldb eu sedtooxi
di
zeR-i
ontot
heat
omR
c)Studythec el
lrepres
en t
e dbe l
o w;
2+
T()/
s T (aq
)//S2+(aq)/S(s)
i)Id
enti
fythee l
ectrodes
i
i
)Wr i
teequ a
tionsforther eact
io nta
kingpl
acei
neachha
lf
-ce
ll (
2mk
s
ii
i)Det
erminet hec e
llequ a t
iona ndtheel
ect
romot
iv
efo
rce(
e.
m.f)o
fth
ece
llr
epr
ese
nte
d
i
n(c)above

108
 iv)Inwh i
chdirec
ti
ond oe
st h
ee lect
ronsfl
o wi nt
heext
erna
lci
rcu
itoft
hecel
lwhosee.
m.f
isd ete
rminedin(i
ii
)above
d)As tea
dyc urr
entof2.
5Awa sp as
sedfor15mi nut
esthr
oughacel
lcont
ai
nin
gd i
val
enti
ons
2+
M . Duri
ngt h
isproc
ess0.74go fmet
a lMwa sdepo
sit
ed(I
F=96500C)
i)Ca lcul
at
etheq uant
it
yofe l
ect
ricit
yp a
sse dinth
isc
ell
ii
)De terminetherel
at
iveat
o mi
cma ssofM
37. Inth ee quat
io
nb el
owi d
entif
yther eage
ntt hatac
tsa
sana c
idint
hef or
wardre
act
ion.
Givear easonforyouranswer.
NH4+(aq)+H2O(l
) NH3(aq)+H3O+(aq)

38. As
tud
ents
etu
pth
eex
per
ime
nts
hownb
elo
w.St
udyi
tan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w.

a)Stat
ea nytwoo bserva t
ionst hes tuden tmad ed uri
ngtheexperi
me nt
b)Explai
nwh ath appenst oth ep Ho fth eresu l
tantsol
uti
ona ttheendo ftheex
peri
me nt
39. Co pper(I
I)s ulphates oluti
onwa se lectrol
yse du si
n gcop p
erelect
rode.ACu rre
ntof0.5Awa s
pa ss
edf or64. 3mi nu t
esa ndama sso f0.64go fco pperwasd eposi
ted
. (
Cu=63. 5)
a)Wh iche l
ectro ded ecreasedi nma ssd ur
inge l
ectrolys
is?Expl
ain
b)Ca l
c ul
ateth eq uantit
yo fc hargen eededtod eposit
s1mo l
eo fcopper
40. Stateande xplainwh atisob servedwh enc rys t
alsofiodineareheatedgentl
y
41. (a)StateFarad aysF i
rstL awo fEl ectrolys
is
(b )Calcul
atet hev olumea ts .t
.po fh ydrog e
ne vol
v edwh en2Ao fel
e c
tri
ci
tya r
ep a
ssed
throughd il
u t
es ulphurica cidf or2h ours .
(Mo la
rg asvo l
umea ts .
t.p=22. 4dm3, oneF araday
=96500c oulombs )
42. Thef ol
lowingi sa ne quationf orth ereacti
o nb etwe enammo niaandwa ter
NH3(g)+H2O(l ) NH+4(aq)+OH-( aq)
(a)Na met heb aseint heb ack wa r
dr eac t
ion
43. Thec ommo no reso fZinca rez i
n cb lendea ndc ala
mi ne:-
(i
)Gi vethec hemi calformu lao fZin cblend e
(i
i)Exp l
ai
nh owt hep o l
luti
onc ausedb yl arges cal
ee xtr
a c
ti
ono fZi
ncc anber educ
edb y
ha
v i
ngaf ertil
izerp l
antc losetoi t
44. Theo xide
so fc alci
u ma n dp hosp horou sreac tassh ownb el
ow:-
6Ca O(s)+P4O10(s) 2Ca 3(PO4)2(
s)
(i
)Gi vear e
a s
o nwh yth esesu bstan cesreacta ndy etbo t
ha r
eo xi
des
(i
i)Wo rko utth eox i
da t
ions tateo fp hosphor ousinP4O10
(i
ii)Stat
eo neu s eof Ca3(PO4) 2
45. Thes t
a ndar
dh ydrog ene l
ectrod eisu seda st hereferenceelec
trode.Someo fthedif
fi
cul
tie
sin
usingh ydrogeng asasa ne lectrodea re:
-Hy drogenisag asa t25oC
-Hy drogend oe sno tcon ducte lectri
cit
y
+ -
-Theh al
f-
c el
lre act
ion ,2H(aq)+2e H2(g)issl
o wa ndtakeslongtoreache qui
l
ibr
ium.
Ex pla
inh owt h esed i
ffi
cu l
ti
e sa r
es o l
vedint h estandardh ydr
ogene l
ect
rode

109
46. Th ef ollowi n garee l
ectrodep ot
ent
ial
so ftheh al
fcel
ls
θ
Ha lfc ell Ev olts
2+
M( aq)/M(s) -0.76
C2+(aq)/C(s) –0. 34
(a )Ca lc ulatet hep oten t
ialdi
ffe
renceofth efol
lowingcell
.
2t 2t
M(s)/ M (aq)/ /C (aq)/C(s)
47. (a)Na met wot yp esofi sot
opesofph o
sp horous
(b)Ex plainwh yp hosp horusisst
oredinwa t
erandn oti
no i
lli
kesodi
um
48. Us et hec ellrepre sentati
o nbelo
wt oanswe rtheq ue
stio
nsthatf
o l
l
ow:-
X(s)/ X3+(aq)//W2+(aq)/W(s)
(a)Wr itet h eequ ationf orthecel
lreact
iona bove

(b)I fth ee .
m. fof thec elli
s0.30Va ndE v alueforW2+/Wi s-
0.44vo
lt
s,c
alc
ula
te

th eE f
o rX3+(aq)/X(s)

49. T
hefol
lowi
ngd
iag
ramr
epr
ese
ntst
hee
lec
tro
lys
iso
fdi
l
utes
odi
umc
hlo
rid
eso
lut
io
nus
ingi
ner
t
e
lec
tro
des

Di
lut
esodi
um
ch
lor
ide

Det
ermin
etheele
ctr
odeatwhic
hd i
f
fer
ente
lec
tro
lyt
icp
rod
uct
swo
uldb
epr
odu
cedi
fth
e
so
lut
ionise
lec
tro
lys
edfo
rs e
vera
lhour
s.Ex
pla
in

50. Compl
etet h
efol
lowingre
d o
xe q
ua t
ionsbya d dingt
hec orr
ectn
umb
ero
fel
ect
ron
sone
it
her
re
act
anto rproducts
ideofth
ered oxequa
tio n s:
-
(a O-3(aq)+6H+(
)Cl aq) Cl2(
g)+3H2(l
)
()NO-2(aq)+H2O(l
b ) NO-3(aq)+2H+(aq)

51. T
hefollowi
n ga r
est
and
ardr
edu
cti
o npo
ten
ti
al
s;

Hal
f -
cel
l E/ Vol
ts Us i
ngi
ron
3+
Al
()/
s Al(aq) -1.66
2+
Zn(
s)/ Z
n aq) -0.76
2+
Fe
(s)/Fe (aq) 0.44
2+
Ni
(s)/Ni (
aq) 0.25

Re
wri
tet
heEv
alu
eso
fth
eab
oveh
alf
-c
ell
sus
ingi
rona
sar
efe
ren
cee
lec
tro
de

52. Cal
cul
atet
hemassofme
tal
Jtha
two u
ldb
ed i
ss
olv
edatt
hea
nodewhe
nas o
lut
io
nofJ(II
I)
ni
tr
it
eisel
ect
rol
yse
dusi
ngacu
rren
tof1.
5amper
esfo
r15mi
nut
es(1Far
ada
y=96,500C;J=52)

53. Co
nsi
dert
hef
ol
lo
win
gst
and
arde
lec
tro
dep
ote
nti
al
s:

110
 2+
Sn (
aq)+2e
- Sn(
s) +0.144v
2+
F
e (aq)+2e- Fe
(s
) -0.44v
2+
Z
n (
aq)+2e- Zn(
s) -0.76v

So
memode
rncarsa
rema
def
romste
elcoa
tedwi
thot
herme
tal
s.Us
ingt
hi
sda
taa
bov
est
at
e
a
nde x
pla
inth
ebe
sts
uit
edmeta
lfo
rcoat
in
gst
eel
Me
tal
s
1. T
hef
ol
lo
win
gdi
agr
amr
epr
ese
ntse
xtr
act
io
nof
sod
iumb
yth
eDo
wn’
sce
ll

+
(a
)Wh yistheanodema d
eo fgra
phit
einthi
sc as
ei n
s t
eadofstee
l wh ic
hi sabe
tt
erconduct
or
ofel
ectr
ici
ty?
(
b)Howa retheel
ectroly
ti
cp ro
ductssep
arat
edfromr eact
ing?
(
c)Giver
easonswh ylargequanti
ti
esofel
ect
ri
cityisrequi
redforthisp r
o ces
s
2. a
)Giveo nee nvi
ronme nt
alhazar
da ss
ocia
tedwi t
hthee xtr
acti
ono fzi
n cmet
al
b)Suggestonema nufac
turi
ngplantt
hatcanb esetupn e
arzince xtr
acti
onpl
ant.Giv
e
reas
o n
sf o
ryou ranswer
c)Whatpropert
iesof a
lumini
uma ndit
sall
oysma keitsuit
abl
ef oru seinmaki
ngairc
raf
tpar
ts
3. Al uminiumisusedi nmak i
ngoverhe
adcables.St
a t
etwop r
o p
e r
tieso fal
umi
niumthat
ma ke
sitsuit
abl
ef orthi
su s
e
4. T hest
agesshowni nthefoll
owingdia
gramc anbeu sedtoext
rac tzi
n cfr
omit
sox i
de:
-
Namethes t
agean dtheproce
sstaki
ngplaceinit
:-
Z
n(s
)
C(s)+O2(g) Z
nO(s)+CO(g)

s
tag
e1 s
tag
e2 CO(g)+O2(s)
stage3
Na
mee a
chsageandtheproc
esstaki
ngplac
einit:
St
age1.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
St
age2.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
St
age3.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

5. St
udyt
hef
l
owc
har
tbe
lowa
nda
nswe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:

Co
ppe
rPy
ri
te
s
Ga
sQ Ga
sQ
St
ep(
I) F
rothf
l
oat
at
io
n,
Air
St
ep(
II
) Ai
r Cu2S
Cu
FeS2 Cu
2S(
s) Cu
2O St
ep(IV) Cu
(s
)
St
ep(
II
I)
111
St
ep(
V)

F
eO Pu
re
 (
a)Na
megasQ…………………………………………………………… .
(
b)Wi
tht
hehel
pof
dia
gra
m,d
esc
ri
beh
ows
tep(
V)i
sca
rri
edo
ut

6. Nameth ef
oll
owi
ngcompound
susi
ngI
UPACsyst
em
(i
)CCl4
(i
i
)HOCl
7. Stu
dyth ei
nf
ormat
io
np r
ovi
ded:
-
o
Element At omicradi
us(
nm) Ion
icra
dius(
nm) Me
lt
in
gpo
in to
fox
ide(C)
W 0.381 0.
418 -117
Y 0.733 0.
669 849
Z 0.544 0.
489 1399

(
a)Ex
pla
inwhytheme
lt
ingp
ointo
ftheox
ideofWi sl
owert
hantha
tofth
eox i
deofZ
8. T
hefl
owc h
artb
elows
howsst
epsuse
dinthee
x t
rac
tio
nofzi
ncfr
omo neofi
tsore
s.
L
ead(
II
)Car
bon
ate Cr
ush
ing Po
wdere
dLead(
II
) Conce
ntr
ate
dLead
o
re Ca
rbo
nateo
re (I
I)Ca
rbona
teo
re
St
epI St
ep2

St
ep3 He
at
Ga
s

Co
ke
L
ead(
II
)Me
tal L
ead(
II
)Ox
ide
St
ep4
(a
)Na metheproc
essthati
susedinst
ep2t oconc
entr
atet
heore
(b)Writ
eanequati
onforth
ereact
ionwhichtak
espla
ceinst
ep3
(c
)Na meoneu s
eo fl
ead
9. Na methec
h i
efor
esfromwh i
chthefol
l
owingme t
al
sareex
tra
cte
d
a)Al
u mini
um ……………………………………………………………………
b)Co pp
er ………………………………………………………………………
10.T
hed iag
rambel
owr epr
esent
sthesec
o n
ds t
ageinext
rac
ti
onofal
umini
umme
tal

Al
umi
ni
um

112
 i
)Ont hedia
graml abelthe
:Anode,cathodeandtheelect
rol
yt
eregi
on (s
)
i
i)Theme l
ti
ngp ointofal
umini
umo x i
deis2054ºC,buttheel
ect
rol
ysi
sisca
rri
edoutatb
etween
800-900ºC
a)Wh yisthee l
ect
rol
ysi
sno tcar
rie
do utat2054ºC
b)Wh atisdo n
etolowerthetemperatu
re?
i
ii
)Th eal
uminiumwh i
chispro
ducedistappedo f
fasaliq
uid.Whatdo
esthi
ssugge
stabouti
ts
melt
in
gp oi
n ts
?
11. Theextr
act
iono fal
u mini
umfromitsoretakespla
cein2s t
ages.
Puri
fi
cat
io
ns t
agea
n del
ectr
oly
siss
tag
e.
Bel
o wisset
-upforthee l
ect
rol
ysi
sstage:
-

(
a)(i
)Namethechi
efor
efromwh i
chal
umini
umisext
rac
ted
(i
i
)Nameo nei
mpuri
tywhic
hisremove
datthepur
if
ic
ati
onsta
ge
(
b)(i
)Labe
lonthedi
agr
ame achoft
hefol
l
owing
:-
I–Anode
II
-Cath
ode
II
I-Reg
ioncon
tai
nin
gelec
trol
yt
e

(
ii
)Theme lt
in
gp ointofalu
mi niumo x
ideis2054oCbuttheelect
rol
ysi
sisc
arr
ie
do uta
tbe
twe
en
o o
80Ca nd900C
I
. Whyisn otcarr
iedouta t2050oC
II.Wh a
tisdo netolowerthetemp er
atur
e
12. Al uminiu
mi sthemo stabu ndan
tme t
alintheear
thcrustanditi
swidel
yext
rac
tedf
or
i
tswiderangeo fuses
.
(i
)Na meo nema j
ororeo falumini
uma ndg i
vei
tsfo
rmu la
(i
i)Namet woma inimpuriti
esfoundintheore
(i
ii
)Alumini
umo x
ideishea t
edfi
rstbef
o r
eiti
selec
tro
lysed.Expl
ai
n
(i
v)Elect
rolys
isofaluminiumo xi
deisdonea ss
hownb elow:

Molt
ena
lumi
niu
m
ox
idewi
thcr
yol
it
e

113
 (a
)Ide
ntif
ytheanodean dcat
h o
deo nth
ed iagr
am
(b
)Wh ati
stherol
eo fel
ectr
olyt
einthee x
tr
a c
ti
on?
(c
)Writ
eh al
fequ
ati
on sfortherea
cti
onsthatoccuratth
eanod
ea n
dc a
thod
e
(
d)Stat
etwouseso falu
mi n
ium
13. Thed i
agra
mb el
o wisaf l
owc har
tfortheext
ract
i
o nofc
opper
.Stu
dyitanda
nswe
rth
equ
est
io
ns
t
hatfo
ll
ow:

Or
e Cr
ush
ed P
owdere
d Mi
xedwi
thwat
er,
oil Co
ncen
tra
ted
I Or
e &ai
r Or
e
I
I
Ro
ast
edi
nai
r
I
II SO2
Co
pper(I
) Ro
ast
edi
npre
sen
ceof
Sul
phid
e sa
nd Co
pper(I
)Sul
phi
dean
d
IV i
ron(I
I)Ox
ide
SO2 Heat
edina
c
onver
ter Sl
ag

Li
qui
d Co
ole
d Bl
i
ste
rCo
ppe
r El
ectr
oly
sis Pu
reCo
ppe
r
Co
pper VI VII

(a)Wr i
tetheformulaofthema j
ororeofcopperme ta
l
(b)Namep ro ce
ssII
(c)Giveane quati
onforthereac
tionthatocc
ursins t
ageII
I
(d)Explai
nwh a
thappensinstageIV
(e)Wr i
tehalfcel
lequat
ionsoccurri
ngattheano deandcat
h o
d einst
a g
eVII
(f
)Dr awas i
mp lediag
rams howingtheset-
upthatisusedi
ne lect
rol
yti
cpuri
f
icat
ion
ofcoppe
r
(
g)Ag reenrockyma te
ri
alssuspect
edtob eth
eo rema l
achi
teCu CO3.Cu(OH)2.
14. Thef l
owc hartbel
owi l
l
ustra
testheextr
acti
onofZ in
c.Studyitandanswert
heq ue
sti
onst
hatf
ol
lo
w:
SO2 Coke GasQ

Su
lph
ideo
re Ro
ast
er Z
nO Mi
xer Re
act
io
nch
amb
er1
Ai
r
+
Z
n imp
uri
ti
es

L
iqu
idR Se
par
ati
onc
hamb
er
Re
sid
ueS
Z
n(s
)

F
il
tr
ati
onc
hamb
er Rea
cti
on Co
oli
ngc
hamb
er
ch
amberII
Cr
yst
al
li
zat
io
nch
amb
er
Z
n(s
)

a
)Name:- ZnSO4.XH2O
i
)GasQ .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
i
i
)Liqu
idR...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(
ii
i
)Resi
duesS...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.

114
 b)Na met hesulphideoreu s
ed
c)Beforetheo reisroast
e d
,itisfi
rstconcent
rat
ed ;
(i
)Explainwh yitisnecessar
yt ocon c
entr
atetheo r
e
(i
i)Explai
nb r
iefl
yt heprocessofcon c
entr
a t
in
gt heo re
d)Wr i
tea nequa t
ionforthereacti
ont ha
ttakesplaceinthe:-
(i
)Ro as
ter
(
ii
)Re a
cti
onc hamb er
(e)(i
)Na meo nema jorimpurit
yp r
e se
ntinthesulphideoreu s
ed
(i
i
)Wr it
eane qua t
io
nt osh owh owtheimp ur
ityin(e)(
i)abovei
sremoved
f)Giventhatthesu l
phideo r
ec ont
ainsonly45%Z i
n csul
ph i
debyma s
s,cal
cula
te:
(
i)Thema ssing ramso fZi
n csul
p hi
dethatwo ul
db eo bt
ainedfr
om250k goftheore
.
(
ii
)Th evolumeo fSu l
ph u
r(IV)ox i
dethatwo u
ldb eo b
tai
n e
df r
omthema ssofsul
phi
de
oreatroomt emp er
a t
ureandp res
sure
(
Z n=65. 4,S=32. 0,O=16. 0,Imo l
eo fgaso ccu
pies24.0li
ter
satr.
t.p
)
15. T hefl
owc ha
rtb el
owr epres
e nt
sthee xt
ract
ionofzincfromi t
soreandab y
-prod
u c
tusedi
nth
e
ma nufactur
eo fs ul
p h
uric(VI)ac
id.Studyitandu seitt
oa nswerth
eq ue
sti
onsthatf
oll
ow:
-

Z
incOr
e

Co
nce
ntr
ati
on

Ro
ast
in
gfu
rna
ce So
li
dA Redu
cti
on Mo
lt
enZ
inc
Ho
tai
rbl
ast
c
hamber
SO2(g)

Cl
ean
ersan
d P
dri
er
s M

Cat
al
yt
ic W Ch
amb
erL Z Ch
amb
erN H2SO4
Ai
r
ch
amber
a)Na me ;
i)Th esui
tablezi
n coreu sed.
ii)Th emainimp uri
tyinth eore
b)De scri
beho wzinco r
ei sconcentr
ated
c)Wr i
tea nequati
onf orther e
acti
ontakingplac
eintheroast
in
gfurna
ce
d)De scri
bewh athap p
en sinthereduct
ionc ha
mb er
e)Ide nti
fysubsta
nce s
:-
W…………………………………( ½mk ) M………………… ( ½mk)
f)Wr itetheequa t
ionforther eac
ti
ont hatocc
ursinchamberN.
g)Ex plainwh ysulphur(VI)o x
ideisnotd i
sso
lveddi
rec
tlyi
nwa t
er
h)Ex p l
ainthed angercausedb ythi
sp r
oc e
sstotheenv
iron
me nt
(2ma r
ks)
16. Th ed i
ag r
amb elowisf orextr
acti
ono fAlumini
umf r
omitsore.I
tta
kespl
acei
nst
age
s.
Usei ttoa ns
we rtheq uest
ionsthatfo
llow:-

115
 (
a)Na methetwostagesmenti
onedabove *
(b)Name :
-
(
i)Theorefr
omwh ichAlumin
iumisext
ract
ed
(i
i)Thei
mp uri
ti
esremovedduri
ngtheext
rac
ti
onofAl
umini
um *
(
c)Ont hediag
ramlabel:
-
(
i)Theelec
tro
des *
(i
i)Theregi
onco n
tain
ingtheel
ect
rol
yte *
(
d)Mo lt
encryol
it
eisaddedtoAlumin
iumOx i
dedur
inge
xtr
act
ion
.Ex
pla
in *

17. Ac
urre
ntof3Awaspas
sedthr
oughfu
sedal
umini
umoxid
efor10mi
nutes
.Cal
cul
at
e
themas
sofAl
umin
iumo b
tai
nedatonee
lec
tro
de(Al
=27.0,IF=96500C) *

18. (
a)Nameoneor
ethatc
anbeuse
dtoco
mme r
ci
all
yext
rac
tZ i
ncmet
al
(
b)Th
eflo
wc ha
rtb
elowil
l
ust
rat
est
heex
tr
act
ionofz
incandpre
par
ati
ono
fzi
ncs
ulp
hat
e
c
rys
tal
s.

Z
n(s
)

(
i)Name:
(
1)Ga sP …………………………………………………………………………………..
(11)Liqu
idR ………………………………………………………………………………..
(II
I)Resi
dueS ………………………………………………………………………………..
(
ii
)Wh atist
herol
eofco
k ei
nt h
eabovepr
oces
s?
(
ii
i
)Na methemai
nimpuri
tyremove
dinthese
para
ti
onchamb
er
(i
v)Wr i
teanequ
ati
onforth
er e
act
iont
hatt
akespl
acei
n;

116
(
1).
Roa
ste
r

(11).React
ionch
amberII
(
v)Writeanequa
ti
onfo
rthereac
ti
onthatta
kesp
lac
eb e
tweenZi
ncmet
alan
dli
quidR
(v
i)Gi
v entha
tzi
ncSui
phideo
recont
ain
so nl
y45%o fz
incSui
phi
deb
yma s
s,ca
lcul
at
e
t
hema ssi
ng r
amsofzi
ncSulp
hid
eth a
twoul
dbeo b
tai
nedfr
om250kgoft
heore.
(
vi
i)Gi
v eonecommer
cial
useofZi
ncmetal

117
19. Th
ef lo
wc hartbe
lowshowsas equ
en ceofche mi
calr
eacti
onss
tar
ti
ngwi
thZi
nc.
St
ud yitandans
we rt
heque s
tio
nsthatfo
ll
ow: -
Step2 St
ep3
Zn(
s)
Ste
p1 Zn2+
(aq
) Z
n(OH)2(
s) Zn
O(s)
Dilu
tehydr
ochl
ori
c NaOH(aq) Heat
a
cid

St
ep4 H2SO4(aq)

St
ep5
Z
n()
s 2+
Z
n (aq
)
Me
tal
T

a
)Ins
tep1, exce
ss3Mh ydroc
h l
ori
cacidwa sadde
dto0.
5gofZin
cp owd er
i
)Sta t
etwoobser
vati
onswh ic
hwe rema d
ewhenth
ereact
ionwa sinpr
ogre
ss
i
i)Explai
nwhyh y
drogeng asi
sn o
tliber
ate
dwhendil
ut
enit
ricacidisu
sedins
tep1
i
ii
)a )Writ
etheequat
ionforthere
actio
nthatt
ookpla
ceins t
ep1
b)Ca l
cul
atet
hevol
u meo f3Mh ydr
o ch
lori
cac
idt
hatwasneededtorea
ctcompl
ete
lywi
th
0.5gofZincpowder(Zn=65.0)

20. T
hedi
agr
amb e
lowisasi
mpl
i
fi
eda
ppa
rat
usf
ore
xtr
act
io
nofs
odi
um.
Stu
dyi
tan
dan
swe
rth
e
e
qua
ti
onst
hatf
oll
ow:-

(
a)Whi
chsubst
ancesco
meo utat
:- P&Q
(
b)Whati
stherol
eofthed
iap
h r
agm
(c
)Wri
tetheequ
ati
o no
fther
e a
cti
onfor
mingsodi
u m
21. T
hese
t-
u pbel
owwa sus
edtoi
n ve
sti
gat
eele
ctr
oly
sisofac
ert
ai
nmo
lt
enc
omp
oun
d;-

(
a)Co
mp l
et
etheci
rcu
itbyd
rawi
ngt
hecel
li
ntheg
a ple
fti
nthed
iag
ram
(
b)Wri
tehal
f
-ce
lle
quati
ont
oshowwha
thapp
ensatth
ec a
tho
de

118
 (
c)Us
inga
nar
rows
howt
hed
ire
cti
ono
fel
ect
ronf
l
owi
nth
edi
agr
ama
bov
e

22. (a)Namet woo resfr

omwh ichZ i
ncme ta
lismo stl
yextr
acted
(
b)Oneo fthestepsinthee x
tracti
ono fZ
incme t
a lf
romi t
soreisroa
s t
ingoftheoreinex
cess
oxygen.Writeequa t
ionsforthereact
ionsthatta
kep l
acewh entheorein(a)abov
eisroa
ste
d
23. Alu
minumme ta
l i
sma inlyext
rud e
df r
ommo l
tenBa ux
it
eb yelec
trol
ysi
s.
a)Namethema inimp uri
tyinthisore.
b)Bri
efl
ydescri
beh owt heimpu ri
tyisremovedfro
mt heo rebef
oreele
c t
rol
ysi
sp roc
ess.(2mk s
)
24. (a)Intheextr
acti
o nofa l
uminiumf ormit
so rebytheu s
eo fel
ectr
oly
s i
s,ex
plai
nt h
e
f
oll
owingo bserva
tions:
-
(
i)th
eg r
a p
h i
tean o
d eisrepl
acedf r
omt i
met otime
(i
i)t
hes t
eeltankwh ichcana l
sos er
veasane le
c t
rodeisals
olinedwit
hg rap
hitecat
hode
(
b)Sodiuma nda l
umin i
umme t
a l
sb o
thcondu c
te l
ect
ric
ity,b
utalumini
umi sab et
te
r
conductoro fel
ectri
cit
ytha nsodium.Expla
in

Or
gan
icc
hemi
st
ryI
I(a
lka
noi
cac
idsa
nda
lka
nol
s)
1. Astude
ntmixede
qualvol
umesofEthano
landbut
anoi
caci
d.Headd
edafewd
rop
sof
c
o nc
entr
ate
dSulp
huric(
VI)aci
dandwa r
medthemix
tur
e
(
i)Nameandwri
tethefo
rmulaofth
ema i
nproduc
ts
Name………………………………….
For
mu l
a……………………………………. .
(
ii
)Wh i
chhomolog
ousseri
esdoesthepr
oduc
tnamedin(i
)ab
ovebel
ong
?

2. T
hes
tr
uct
ureo
fth
emonome
rphe
nyl
eth
enei
sgi
venb
elo
w:-
HC=CH2

a)Givethest
ruc
tureofthepol
yme rfor
me dwh enfourofthemono
me r
sareadd
edt og
eth
er
b)Givethenameo ft
hepolymerformedin(a)abo ve
3. Expl
aintheenvi
ronmenta
le f
fe
ctsofbu r
nin
gp l
a s
ticsi
na i
rasadi
sposa
lmethod
4. Wr i
techemic
alequat
iontorepre
sen tt
heeff
ecto fheato
na mmoni
umc ar
bonat
e
- +
5. Sodiumo ct
adec
a n
oatehasac he
mi cal
formulaCH3(CH2)6COON a,whic
h i
suseda
ssoap.
Expl
a i
nwh yalotofsoa
pisn ee
dedwh enwa shi
n gwithhardwa
ter
6. An atur
alpol
ymerismadeu pofthemo nomer:
O

CH3CH2CH C OH

NH2
(a)Wri
tethestr
uctur
a lf
ormu l
aofthere
p e
atunitofth
epoly
me r
(b)Whe n5.0x10-5mo l
esofthepolymerwerehydrol
yse
d,0.515gofthemono
mer
we r
eo bt
aine
d.
Dete
rminethenumb erofthemo no
me rmo l
ecul
esinthi
spol
yme r.
(
C=12; H=1; N=14; O=16)
7. Theformulabel
owr e
p r
esentsact
iv
eingredi
entsoftwocl
eans
inga ge
ntsAan
dB

119
 Whic
ho neoft
hecle
ansi
ngage
ntswoul
dbesu
it
abl
etobeus
edinwat
erc
ont
ai
ni
ngma
gne
siu
m
hy
droge
nc a
rbonat
e?Exp
lai
n
8. St
udythepol
ymerbel
owanduseitt
oans
wert
heques
ti
onst
hatf
ol
lo
w:
H H H H

C C C C

O H O H n

(a)Giv
ethenameo ft
hemo nomeranddr
awitsst
ruc
tur
es
(b)Ide
nti
fythet
ypeofp o
lymer
iz
ati
ontha
ttak
esplac
e
(c)St
ateoneadvan
tageofsynt
het
icpol
ymer
s
9. Ethanola
ndPe n
tanearemisc
ibl
eli
qui
ds.Ex
plai
nhowwa t
erc
anb
eus
edt
ose
par
ateami
xt
ure
o
fe t
hanolan
dp e
ntane

10.
GLUCOSE G CRUDE H 95% ABSOLUT
E
SOLUTI
ON ETHANOL ETHANOL ETHANOL
(
a)Whati
sab
sol
uteet
hanol
?
(
b)St
at
etwocon
diti
onsr
equi
re
dfo
rpr
oce
ssGt
ota
kep
lac
eef
fi
ci
ent
ly

11. (
a)(
i)Th
etablebelowsho wsthevol
umeo foxyge
no bt
ainedperunitt
imewhenhydro
gen
perox
idewasd e
c omposedint
h epres
enceofma nganes
e(IV)Oxid
e.Usei
ttoanswe
r
thequest
io
n sth
a tfol
low:-
Timeins e
conds VolumeofOx y
genevol
ved
(cm3)
0 0
30 10
60 19
90 27
120 34
150 38
180 43
210 45
240 45
270 45
300 45
(i
)Plo
tag r
apho fvolumeofo x
ygengasag a
ins
ttime
(i
i
)De t
erminet
h erat
eo fre
a c
ti
onattime156s e
co n
d s
3
(i
i
i)Fromthegraph,fi
ndthet i
metakenfor18cmo fo x
ygentobep r
oduce
d
(i
v)Writ
eac hemica
l equat
iontos
h owh o
wh ydrogenperox
idedecompos
esinthepr
ese
nce
ofmanganese(IV)Oxide
(
b)Thedi
agrambe l
ows howsh owaLe ’
cl
anche(Drycell
)appea
rs:-

120
(i
)Wh
atisthefun
ctionofMnO2i nthecel
labove?
(
ii
)Wr i
tetheequa
tio
no far eac
ti
onthatoccur
satt
hecat
hode
(
ii
i)Cal
culat
ethemasso fZi
n ctha
tisconsu
me dwhenacur
ren
tof0.
1amp
ere
sfl
ows
t
hroughtheabov
ec ell
for30minute
s(1F=96500cZn=65)
12. (a)GivetheIUPACn a
me so ft
hefoll
owingcompou
nds:
(i
)CH3COOCH2CH3 *

(
i)CH2=C–CHCH3
i
Br
(
b)Thes
tr
uctu
reb
elo
ws ho
wsso
mer
eac
ti
onss
tar
ti
ngwi
the
tha
nol
.St
udyi
tan
dan
swe
r
t
heques
ti
onst
hatfo
ll
ow:
Re
age
ntR
Na
OH(aq)
S CH3COOH CH3COONa He
at
NaMe
tal St
epI
I

CH3CH2OH CH3COOH
P CH4
St
epI Ex
ces
s
Dr
opso
fCo
nc.
H2SO4 Cl
2 .
/UV
CH2 CH2 CH2=CH2 St
epI
II CH3CH3 T
n
Comp oundU
(
i)Wr i
tetheformulaoftheorgani
ccompoundsPandS *
(
ii
)Na met hetypeofrea
ction,t
herea
gent
(s)andcondi
ti
onfo
rther
eact
io
nsi
nthef
oll
owi
ngs
tep
s:-
(I
)St e
pI *
(I
I)StepII *
(I
II)StepIII *
(
ii
i)Namer eagentR…………………………………………………………… *
(
iv)Drawt hestr
uctur
alformulaofTandgi
veit
sn a
me *
(
v)(I)Namec omp oundU………………………………………………………. .
(I
I)Iftherela
tiv
emo l
ecu l
armassofUis42000,det
ermi
neth
eval
ueofn(
C=12,H=1)
(
c)Stat
ewh yC2H4b urn
swithamo r
esmokyfl
amethanC2H6 *
13. a
)Statetwofa c
torsthataf
fe
ctthep r
oper
ti
esofapoly
me r
b)Namet hecomp oundwiththeformul
abel
o w:
CH3CH2CH2ONa

121
 c
)St
udyt
hes
che
meb
elo
wan
dus
eitt
oan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:-
H H
St
ep St
ep
CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH=CH2
C–C
V W
P n
CH3 H
K
CH3CH2CH2OH

St
epR
K2CO3 Na
OH
Ga
sF CH3CH2COOH CH3CH2COONa
St
epJ
Na
OH
St
epX
He
at
CH3CH2COOCH3 Pr
oductT
G +Na2CO3

i)Namet hefol
lowingcomp ounds:
-
I.Prod
u c
tT ………………………… II
.K ………
ii
)St a
teonec ommo nphysic
alproper
tyofsubst
anceG
i
ii
)St a
tethetypeofreact
io
nt hatocc
urre
di nste
pJ
i
v)Giveo neuseo fs
ubsta
n c
eK
v)Wr it
eane quati
onforthecomb us
ti
ono fcompoundP
vi)Expl
ainh o
wc o
mp oundsCH3CH2COOH a ndCH3CH2CH2OHc anbedi
st
ing
u i
shedch
emi
cal
ly
vii
)Ifap ol
yme rKhasrel
a t
iv
emo lec
ula
rma ssof12,600,c
alc
ulat
ethev
alu
eo fn(H=1C=12)
14. St udythesc he
meg i
venb elo
wa ndanswerthequest
io
nsthatf
oll
ow:
-

Po
lyme
ri
zat
i
on Ste pI
II
Po
lyme
rQ Co
mpo
undP CH3CH2CH3
H2(g) Ni
Hi
ght
emp
Co
ncH2SO4180oC
.
Na
(s) St
epI
CH3CH2CH2ONa+H2 Pr
opa
n-l
-o
l Pr
opy
let
han
oat
e

St
epI
I

CH3CH2COOH

Na
2CO3(aq)

So
lut
io
nT+CO2(g)
122
 (a)(i
)Na mec ompoun dP……………………………………………………………………
(i
i
)Wr it
ea ne q
uationforthereact
io
nb etweenCH3CH2COOHa ndNa2CO3
(
b)Stateon euseofpo l
yme rQ
(
c)Na meo neoxidis
inga gentth
atcanbeu sedinste
pI I …………………………………. .
(d)Asa mpleofpo l
ymerQi sfoundtoh aveamo le
cul
a rmassof4200.Det
ermi
n ethenumberof
mon omersinthepo l
yme r(H=1, C=12)
(
e)Na meth ety
p eofreacti
onins t
epI…………………………………………………………. .
(
f)Stateoneindustr
ialappl
icati
onofstepIII
(g)St
ateho wbu r
ningc anbeu se
dtod i
sti
ngu i
shbet
we enpro
p a
nea ndpr
opyne.Expl
ai
nyour
answer
(
h)1000c m3o fethene(C2H4)burntinoxygentoproduceCarbon(I
I)Oxi
deandwa te
rvap
ou r
.
Calculat
ethemi ni
mu mv o l
umeo fai
rn e
ededforthecomplet
ecomb u
sti
ono fet
hene
(Aircontai
ns20%b yv o
lumeo foxygen)
15. ( a)Studytheschema ti
cd i
agra
mb elowa ndanswerth
eq uest
io
nsthatf
ol
lo w:
-
CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3
X
Ni H2 St
ep1 R

St
ep3 CH3CH2CH2OH Na
CH3CHCH2 CH3CH2CH2ONa+Ga
sP
St
ep2
H+ MnO-4
HCl
Ste
p5
St
ep4
V
Q+H2O

(i
)Ident
if
ythefol
lowing
:
Substa
nceQ. .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
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..
..
..
..
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..
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..
..
..
..
..
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..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Substa
nceR...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
..
.
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
GasP...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
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..
.
..
..
....
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
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..
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..
..
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..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(i
i)Name:
Ste
p1. .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
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..
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..
..
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..
..
..
..
..
..
.
Ste
p4. .
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
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..
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..
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..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
(i
ii)Dr
awt hest
ruct
uralf
ormulaofthema j
orprodu
c tofst
ep5
(i
v)Sta
tethecondi
tio
na ndreag
entinstep3
16. Studyt
heflowchartbel
owa ndanswerthequest
ionsthatf
oll
ow
M
CO2(g)
KMn H+
O4/
Ni
/H2(g) J
CH2CH2 St
ep4

EP2 Re
ST age
ntP K
Ethy
l CH2CH2OH KMn H+(aq)
O4/
Re
agen
tQ
Et
han
oate St
ep3 L

(
a)(
i)Na
methef
ol
lo
win
gor
gan
icc
ompo
und
s:
M……………………………………………………………..
……..
L…………………………………………………………………..

123
 (i
i
)Namethepr
oces
sinst
ep:
Ste
p2…………………………………………………………. ….
St
ep4…………………………………………………………. …
(
ii
i
)Ide
nti
fyt
herea
gentPandQ
(
iv
)Writ
eanequa
ti
onfort
here
act
io
nbe
twe
enCH3CH2CH2OHa
nds
odi
um

17. a
)Givet
hen amesoft
hefol
l
owi
ngc
ompo
unds
:
i
)CH3CH2CH2CH2OH……………………………………………………………………
i
i
)CH3CH2COOH …………………………………………………………………
i
i
i)CH3C–O-CH2CH3……………………………………………………………………

18. St
udyt
hes
chemegi
venbel
owandans
wert
hequ
esti
onst
hatf
ol
lo
w;
St
epV St
epI C2H5COONa
Pro
duc
ts CHCH
Co
mp l
et
ecombus
ti
on Ste
pII St
epI
V+He
at
CH2=CH2
St
epII
I C2H6

i)Namet hereagentsusedin: CH2=CHCl n

StepI: ………………………………………………………………………
StepII ……………………………………………………………………
StepIII………………………………………………………………………
ii
)Wr i
tea nequati
ontos howp r
od u
ctsfor
me dforthecomplet
ecomb u
sti
onofCH=CH
ii
i)Expl
aino nedisadv
antageofconti
nu e
du seofit
emsma deformthecompoundfor
med
i
nstepI I
I
19. Ah yd
ratedsalthasthefol
lowingcomp os
it
ionbyma ss.Ir
on20.2%, oxy
gen23.0%,
sulp
hu r11.5%,wa t
er45.3%
i)Deter
mi netheformulaofthehydrat
eds a
lt(Fe
=56, S=32,O=16,H=11)
ii
)6.95go ftheh y
drat
eds al
tinc(i
)abovewe redi
ssolve
dind i
st
il
le
dwa t
erandtheto
tal
3
vol
umema deto250c mo fsol
u t
ion.Cal
culat
ethec once
ntra
ti
onoftheres
ult
ingsa
lts
olu
ti
on
i
nmo lesperlit
re.(
Giventhatthemo l
ecul
ama ssofthesalti
s278)
20.Wr
it
ea nequati
ont oshowp roduct
sformedforthecomp le
tecombust
ionofCH=CH
ii
i)Expl
aino nedisadv
antageofconti
nu e
du seofit
emsma deformthecompoundfor
med
i
nstepI I
I

21. Gi
veth
eIUPACnamefo
rea
cho
fth
efo
ll
owi
ngo
rga
nicc
omp
oun
ds;
i
)CH3-CH-CH2-CH3

OH
i
i
)CH3–CH–CH2–CH2-CH3

C2H5
i
i
i)
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3

22. T
hest
ruc
tur
ebe
lowr
epr
ese
ntsac
lea
nsi
nga
gen
t.
O

R–S–O-Na
+

124
 O
a
)St
at
ethet
ypeofc
lea
nsi
ngage
ntrepr
ese
nte
dabove
b
)St
ateo
neadva
nta
geandon
ed i
sad
vant
ageofu
sin
gthea
bov
ecl
ean
sin
gag
ent
.

23. Thest
ruc
turebelo
ws howsp a
rtofpol
ymer.
Useitt
oa nswe
rtheques
ti
onsthatf
ol
lo
w.
CH3 CH3 CH3
  
―CH -CH2–CH-CH2-CH–CH2―
a
)Deri
vethest
ruct
ureofth
emo nomer
b)Na
methetypeofpol
ymeriz
ati
onre
pres
ent
edabove
24. Thef
lo
wc har
tbel
owr e
prese
ntsaser
ie
sofrea
cti
onsst
art
in
gwithet
han
oicac
id:
-

Et
han
ol B Et
hano
ic Na
2CO3 Sa
ltA+CO2+H2O
p
roc
essI ac
id

(
a)I
dent
if
ysub
stan
cesAa
ndB
(
b)Namethepr
oces
sI

25. a
)Wr i
teanequat
io
nshowinghowammo
niu
mni
tra
temayb
ep r
epa
redst
art
in
gwit
h
a
mmo niaga
s
(
b)Cal
c u
lat
ethemaxi
mumma ssofa
mmoni
umn
it
rat
eth
atca
nb epr
epa
redusi
ng5.
3kgo
f
ammo ni
a(H=1,N=14,O=16)

26. (
a)Whati
sme
antbyt
heter
m,est
eri
f
ica
ti
on?
(
b)Dr
awthes
tr
uct
ura
lfo
rmula
eoftwocompou
ndst
hatma
yber
eac
tedt
ofo
rme
thy
lpr
opa
noa
te

27. (
a)Dra
wthest
ruc
tur
eofpe
nta
noicac
id
(
b)Dra
wthest
ruc
tur
eandgi
veth
en a
meo fth
eo r
gan
iccompou
ndfor
me dwh
ene
tha
nol
r
eac
tswi
thp e
nta
noi
caci
dinpre
senc
eo fcon
cent
rat
edsu
lphur
ica
cid

28. T
hesche
mebel
ows
howss
omer
eac
ti
onss
tar
ti
ngwi
the
tha
nol
.St
udyi
tan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
ns
t
hatf
ol
lo
w:-
Q

St
ep4 CH3CH2OH/
H2SO4

St
ep3
P CH3COONa

2-
St
ep2 Cr
2O7(
aq)/H+(aq)

H2SO4(l
)
Et
han
ol C
170oCs
tep1
Na
(s
)

CH3CH2ONa

(
i)Na
mea
ndd
rawt
hes
tr
uct
ureo
fsu
bst
anc
eQ

125
 (i
i
)Givethen a
me softherea
cti
onstha
ttakepl
aceinst
eps2and4
(i
i
i)Wh a
treagentisnec
e s
sar
yforrea
cti
onthatta
kespl
acei
nstep3
29. Subst
ancesAa ndBa r
er e
prese
nte
db ythefor
mulaeROHandRCOOHr es
pect
iv
ely
.
The
yb e
longtotwod if
fe
renthomolo
gouss e
ri
esoforga
nicc
omp ou
nds.
Ifbot
hAa ndB
reac
twithp o
tas
siumme tal
:
(
a)Namet hecommo nproductpr
oducedbyb o
th
(b
)Stat
eth eobser
vati
onma dewheneachofthesampl
esAandBa r
erea
cte
dwithsod
ium
hy
drogenc ar
b on
ate
(i
)A
(i
i)B

30. Bel
owarestr
uct
ure
sofpa
rti
cl
es.Us
eitt
oans
werq
ues
ti
onst
hatf
ol
lo
w.I
nea
chc
aseo
nly
el
ect
ronsi
ntheout
ermo
stener
gyle
vela
res
hown
ke
y
P=Prot
o n
N=Ne u
tron
X=Elec
tron 19P
20N

U V W

Y Z

(a
)Id
enti
fyt
heparti
cl
ewhichisanani
o n
31. Pl
ast
ic
sandrubberar
eext
ensiv
elyuse
dtoc ove
rele
ctr
ic
alwi
res
.
(a
)Wh a
tter
misus e
dtodescr
ibepl
ast
icandrubber
susedi
nthi
sway?
(b
)Expl
ai
nwh ypl
a s
ti
csandrubber
sareusedthi
sway
32. Thes
chemebelo
wr epr
ese
n t
sthemanufac
tureofacl
eani
ngag
entX

R Co
nc. R Cl
eani
ng
SO3H ag
entX
H2SO4

(
a)Drawth est
ruct
ureofXandsta
tethety
peofclea
ningag
enttowhi
chXb el
ong
(
b)Stateonedis
advant
ageofusi
ngXa sacl
eanin
ga ge
nt
33. Ygramsof ara
dioac
tiv
eisot
opeta
ke120daystodeca
yto3.5g
rams.Th
eh a
lf
-l
if
eper
iod
o
ftheisot
opeis20days
(
a)Fi
n dtheini
ti
almassofth
eisot
ope
(
b)Giveonea p
pli
cat
ionofradi
oac
ti
vi
tyinagri
cul
tur
e
34. Thest
ruct
u r
ebelowrepre
sent
sapoly
me r
.Studyandanswe
rtheque
sti
onst
hatfo
ll
ow:-
H H

-
C–C-

CH3 H n 126
 (i
)Na met h
ep ol
ymerabove..
...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
(i
i)Determineth
ev a
lueofnifg i
antmo l
ecul
ehadrel
ati
vemo l
ecul
arma s
so f4956
35. RCOO-Na +
dRCH2OSO3-Na +
an aretwotypesofcl
eans
ingagent
s;
i
)Na meth ecla
ssofcl
eansi
nga gentstowhicheac
hb el
ongs
ii
)Wh icho neoft
heseagentsin(i
)a b
o v
ewo ul
dbemo resui
tabl
ewh e
nwa shingwit
hwater
fr
omt heIndia
no ce
an .
Ex p
lain
ii
i)Bothsu l
phur(I
V)oxideandc hl
ori
nea r
eu s
edblea
chingagent
s.Expla
inthed i
ff
ere
nce
intheirbl
e a
chin
gp roper
ties

36. T
hef
ormu
lag
ive
nbe
lowr
epr
ese
ntsap
ort
io
nofap
oly
mer

H H H H

C C C C

O H O H
n
(
a)Givet
henameoft
hepol
yme
r
(b)Dr
awthes
tru
ctu
reoft
hemono
meru
sedt
oma
nuf
act
uret
hep
oly
mer

Ra
dio
act
iv
it
y
1. Co
mpl
et
eth
efo
ll
owi
nge
qua
ti
onbyde
ter
min
ingt
hev
alu
eso
fUa
ndV.
234 u 0
Th Pa + e
90 v -
1

U……… V…………….
.

2. (
a)Di
st
in
guis
hbe
tweennu
clea
rfu
sio
nandf
i
ssi
on
(
b)Co
mp e
tet
henuc
lea
requa
ti
onbel
ow:
-
230 230

90 91 +
3. Ur
ani
um-238dis
int
egr
ate
sbyemit
ti
nga
na l
phapa
rti
cl
etofor
msu
bstanc
eY.
Nucl
id
eYe mi
tsabet
apart
ic
let
ofor
msubsta
nceZ
.Wr i
ted
ownnucl
earequ
ati
onst
osh
owh
ow
sub
sta
nceYandZarefo
rmed(U=AtNo.92)

4. (
a)Whati
sanucl
i
de?
(
b)Th
eg r
aphb
elows
howst
her
adi
oac
ti
ved
eca
yofac
ert
ai
nnu
cli
de.
Det
ermi
net
he
ha
lf
-l
if
eoft
henuc
li
de

127
 (
e)Whate
ff
ectdoex
ces
sfu
lexposur
esofra
dia
ti
onh a
veo
nme t
al
s?
5. (
a)St
at
eonewayinwhi
chn uc
lea
rreac
tio
nsdif
ferf
romo
rdi
nar
ychemi
cal
rea
cti
ons
(
b)Th
efol
lowi
ngisapa
rtofUran
iumdecayser
ie
s

238 234 St
epI
I 234 St
epI
II Z
St
epI
U Th Pa X
92 90 91 A

(i)Wh i
chp art
icle
sa r
ee mittedinste
pIa n dII
(i
i)Ifab etapartic
leisemi t
tedinstepIII
,findZa ndA
(i
ii)Iftheacti
v i
tyofTho ri
um- 234isreduc edto25%i n48hours
,fi
ndit
shalfl
i
fe
6. Su bstance
sAa ndBa r
er epre
s e
ntedbyth eformula
eROHa n
dRCOOHr es
pect
iv
ely
.
Theyb elongtot wod i
ff
e re
nth omologouss eri
esoforg
a ni
ccompounds
.Ifbot
hAa ndB
rea c
twi t
hp otassi
umme t
al
:
(
a)Na meth eco mmonp rod
u ctpro
du c
edb yb oth
(b)St a
tetheo b s
erva
tionma dewh ene acho fthesa
mp l
esAa ndBarere
acte
dwithsodi
um
hydrogenc a
rbonate
( i
)A
(i
i)B
7. So met woe le
me ntsarer e
presente
da s:
16 27
and
8 13
(a)Ho wma n
yp roto
n sd oe
sXh ave
?
(b )Ho wma nyn e
utronsd oesYh ave
?
(c)Dr awth estruct
ureo fthecomp oundforme dbet
we enXandY
8. Yg ramso f aradioac
tiveisotopeta
ke120d aystodec
ayt o3.
5gra
ms.Thehalf
-l
i
feper
iod
oftheis o
topei s20days
(a)Findt h
ei nit
ialmasso ftheisot
ope
(b)Gi veonea ppli
cat
iono fradioact
iv
it
yina gri
cul
tur
e

9. St
udyth
enu
cle
arre
act
io
nsg
ive
nan
da ns
wert
hequ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w:
14
12
X St
epI Y St
epI
I Z14
6 6 7

128
 (
a)Writeanequa
ti
onf o
rthenucl
earre
act
ioninst
epII (l
mk)
(
b)Giveoneuseof Y (
lmk
)
10. Gi
vetwou se
so f
radi
oacti
veis
otop
esinmedici
ne.
11. Studythein
for
ma t
ioninthef
oll
owin
gtabl
ea ndans
wertheques
ti
onst
hatf
ol
low.T
hel
et
ter
s
don otre
pres
entth
ea ct
ualche
micals
ymbolsoft
heele
me nt
s.
ELEMENT U V W X Y Z
NUMBEROFPROT ONS 18 20 6 16 19 17
NUMBEROFNEUT RONS 22 20 8 16 20 20
Wh i
cho ft
heaboveele
me nt
sare:
(i
)Likel
ytoberadi
oacti
ve?
(i
i)Ablet
oformac ompoundwit
hthehig
hestion
icchar
act
er?

12. T h
ei s
o t
ope deca
ysb yBe t
a,-emiss
iontoasta
blenuc
li
de.
Th eh
alf
-l
i
feofthe
24
i
sotopeis15hour
s2.0gof 11 i sal
lowedtodecay
.Dete
rminet
hemassofle
ftaf
te
r90h
our
s
13. (a)Co mple
teth
efoll
owingnuclearequa
tio
n
55 55
Cr Mn+____________
24 25
(
b)100go faradi
oact
iv
es u
b s
tancewasreducedto12.
5gwithi
n15.6yea
rs.Det
ermi
ne
t
hehalf
-l
i
feofthesu b
stan
ce
SECT
IONIIIPRATICALS

PRACTICAL1
CONFIDENTI
AL
ACCESSTO:-
 1MNa OH
 1MNH4OH
 1MHCL
 0.01mPB( NO3)2
 Sourceo fheat
 pHc hart(PH=1to14)
 10ml ofso l
ut
ionK
 Sodiumhy d
rogenca
rbo
nat
e

PREPARATIONOFSOL UTI
ONS:
1.Sol
uti
onJ
Di
ssol
ve17go fammoniumiron(I
I)sul
phat
ein50cm3of2MH2SO4dil
utet
o1dm3
2.Sol
uti
onKKMnO4
Di
ssol
ve1.6go fp
otas
siummang a
natevi
ii
n20cm3o f2MH2SO4di
lu
teto1dm3
3.Sol
uti
onR
Di
ssol
ve40go fsodi
umthio
sulphat
ein1dm3ofsol
uti
on
4.Sol
uti
onS
Di
ssol
ve172cm3o fconc
entr
atedhydro
chl
ori
caci
din1dm3ofsol
ut
ion
5.Sol
idYisal
uminiums u
lphat
e
6.Sol
idZisoxa
li
ca c
id.

Ea
chc
andi
dat
ewillr
equi
re
:
Q1.
1. So l
uti
onJ-100cm3
2. Bur
ett
e
3. So
lut
io m3
nK-100c

129
 4. Pip
ette
5. 2conic
a lf
l
asks
6. Fi
l
terfunnel
7. Ret
ortsta
nd

1. Youar
ep rovide
dwith:
Sol
uti
onJ :
xMa mmo ni
umiron(I
I)s
ulpha
tes ol
ut
ion
Sol
uti
onK:0. 02Mp ot
ass
iumma nganat
e(VII
)sol
uti
on
Youar
er equir
edtodete
rmine:
-T
hemo la
ri
ty ,
xo ft
heammo ni
umi r
on(II
)sulpha
te
-Theamoun tofwat
erofcr
y s
tal
li
sat
io
n,Ni nammo ni
umi
ron(
II
)su
lph
ate
-T
heformulama ssofa
mmo niumir
on(II)
sulp
hate.

Pr
ocedure
Theammo ni
u miron(I
I)sul
phat
e,(
NH4)2SO4FeSO4nH2Os o
lut
ionprov
ide
dwa smadeb y
3
di
ssol
vi
ng8.5go f t
hesal
tin50.
0cm o fdilu
tes u
lphuri
c(
VI)a
cid,
thenmaki
ngthesol
ut
ion
t
o250c m3u s
ingd i
sti
ll
edwa t
er.
Fi
l
ltheburet
tewithsol
uti
onK.Pipet
te25cm3ofsolut
ionJandrele
aseint
oa con
ica
lfl
ask
.
Ti
tr
ateJagai
nstKu nt
ilt
hesolu
ti
onb eco
me spermanentpi
nk.Repeatt
womo r
eti
mesand
co
mp le
teth
etablebelo
w;-
Ta
ble1
I II I
II
3
Fi
n a
lburr
eteraci
ng(cm)
Fi
n a
lburr
etereadi
ng(cm3)
VolumeofSoluti
onKu se
d(cm3)

a)Ca l
cu l
ateth ea ve r
agevolumeo fsolu
ti
onKu s
ed
b )Th en umb ero fmo l
esofso l
u t
ionKr eact
in
g
c)Gi vent hatequa tionforthere a
ctionis:
Mn -
O4(a)+8
q H+(aq)+5F 2+
e (
aq) Mn2+
(a)+5F
q e2+
(a
q)+4H2O(l
)
De t
e rmine:
i
)T h enu mb ero fmo l
esofiron( I
I)saltsol
ut
ionJin25c m3oft
h esol
ut
ionu se
d
i
i)T hemo lar
ityof s ol
u t
io
nJ
i
ii)Th eco ncentrationo fsol
utionJi ng r
amsp erl
it
re
d)F romy ourresu ltsinC( i
i
i)ab ove,dete
rmine:
i)thev alueo f“ n”intheformu la(NH4)2SO4FeSO4n H2O.
(N=14, H=1, S=32,O=16, Fe=56)
ii
)Co rre c
tfo r
mu laoftheiron(I I
)salt
i
ii)Thef ormu l
ama ssoft
h eiron(II)sal
t

Q2.
1. 120cm3ofsol
ut
ionR
2. 80cm3ofso
lut
ions
3. 250cm3oft
apwa t
er
4. 25mlor50mlmeasur
ingc
yli
nde
r
3
5. 100cmg l
assbeak
er
6 5x5c mpi
eceofwhit
epap
er
7. Sto
pwa t
chorclo
ck.

2. Yo
uarepr
ovi
dedwit
h:
i
)Sod
iumthi
osu
lph
atec
ont
ai
ni
ng40g
/dm3s
olu
ti
onR

130
 i
i
)2M h
y d
roc
hlo
rica
cidsol
ut
io
nS
Yo
uaretod
ete
rmineth
erat
eofr
eac
ti
onb
etwe
ens
olu
ti
onSa
ndt
het
hi
osu
lph
ate

Pr
ocedur
e :
Measure20cm3ofsol
ut
ionRintoanempty100cm3bre
aker
.Pl
aceitonama rk‘
X’onawh i
te
3
pl
ai
np aper
. Mea
sureano
ther20cmo fsol
uti
onS.addi
ntoRandst
artof
fthesto
pwa t
ch.Then
r
ecordtheti
metakenfo
rthema r
k‘X’t
ob e
comeinvi
si
bl
efroma
b o
ve.Repea
ttheproce
dureby
measur
ing17.5cm3ofso
lut
ionSan dad
ding2. m3o
5c fwate
ran
dc ompl
etetheta
ble;
-
Ta
ble2
Exper
iment 1 2 3 4 5
Volumeo fso l
u t
io
nRc m3 20 20 20 20 20
3
Volumeo fso l
u t
io
nSc m 20 17. 5 15 12. 5 10
Volumeo fwa ter(m3)
c 0 2. 5 5. 0 7.5 10
Timetakenf o rxtob ec
omein vi
si
bl
e(s
e c
onds)
-1
1/ti
me( Se c)
1
a)Dr
awag rapho freci
proc
alt
ime(/ )a
t gai
nstvol
umeofs
olut
io
nS
b)Ex
plai
nthesh apeofthegra
ph
c
)Fr
o mt
heg r
aphd et
erminetheti
metakenfort
hec r
oss‘
X’t
obeinvi
si
bl
eat16. m3o
5c fs
olu
ti
onSQ3.
1. So li
dY- 1spatul
aful
2. So li
dZ -1spatul
afu
l
3. 6t e
sttubes
4. 1r e
d+1b lueli
tmuspaper
s
5. Me t
all
icspa t
ula
6. p Hp aper

3. Youareprovi
dedwithsoli
dYa ndZtoc arryoutth
etestsbel
ow.Wr i
teyou
robs
erv
ati
onsa
nd
in
fer
en c
esinthes pa
cesprov
ided:
-
a)i
)Placealls o
li
dYi nac l
eantesttube.Add10cm3o fdi
sti
ll
edwate
rands
hake
.
Di
videt
h esolu
tio
nina(i)abovei n
to4p ort
ions
i
i)Tothefi
rstport
ionaddsodi
umh y drox
idedropwi
seu nt
ili
nexces
s
i
i
i)Tothesecondp or
ti
onadda qu
eo usammo niadropwis
eu nt
il
inexce
ss
i
v)T othethirdport
ionadd5d rop so fdil
utehydr
o chl
ori
ca c
id
v)T
ot hefourt
hp or
ti
onadd3d ropso fl
ead(II)ni
tr
atesol
uti
on

b
)i)Sc o
opalit
tl
esoli
dZo name t
al
li
cspat
ul
aa ndh
eatito
verabuns
enfl
ame
ii)Addal
lth
eremain
ingsol
i
dto10cm3ofdi
st
il
le
dwate
rinate
stt
ubeandsha
ke.
Divi
deth
esolu
ti
oninto3po
rti
ons
i
ii)t
othef
ir
stport
i
ond ipapHi n
dic
ato
rpaper

i
v)tot
heseco
ndp or
ti
onad
d3d r
opsofaci
di
fi
edp
ota
ssi
umpe
rmang
ana
tewa
rmg
ent
ly KKC*
v
)toth
eth
irdpor
ti
ona d
d½spa
tul
aful
lofs
odiu
mhydr
ogenc
arbo
nat
e

PRACTICAL2
CONF I
DENT I
AL
INSTRUCTIONS
Eachcandi
dateshoul
dbeprov
ide
dwi
tht
hef
ol
lo
wing
:-
1.Bu ret
te
2.Pip e
tt
e
3.T woc onic
alf
l
asks
4.F unnel
5.Phe nolpht
hal
ei
nindi
cat
or

131
 6.Me t
hy lorang eindicat
or
7.Universali
nd icator
8.Soluti
ona100c m3
9.Soluti
onb100c m3
10.
Soluti
onc100c m3
11.
Disti
ll
edwa terinwa shb ot
tl
e
12.
0.2mCu SO4( so l
utio
nY)
13.
0.7gz i
ncp o wd er(sol
idZ )
14.
Thermo mete r
15.
100ml plasticb eaker
16.
Stopwa tcho rwr i
stwatch
17.
Tiss
u epape r½me t
re
18.
6t e
sttub e
s
19.
Oneb oil
ingt u be
20.
Soli
dP
21.
Soli
dQ
22.
Fil
terpaper
23.
Me ansofhe at
ing
24.
2mNa OH
25.
2mH2SO4
26.
0.1mb ac l
2
27.
0.1mp b(no 3)2
28.
2mHCl
29.
2mNH3(aq)
30.
Me t
a l
li
cs patula
31.
0.5gNa HCO3
No te
so np r
epar
ati
ono fsol
ut
ions:
-
 So lu ti
o nA0. 05Ms odiu
mCa rbona
te
 So lu ti
o nB=0. 1Mo fHCl
 So lu ti
o nC=0. 16gKOH+1. 94gKCl i
n250cm3s
olu
ti
on
 So lidP=Ca Cl2andMg CO3
 So lidQ=Ca rbo x
yli
caci
d(oxal
ic)

1. Youareprovi
de dwith:-
Sol
uti
onAc on tai
ning0.05mo l
e sin1dm3ofsol
uti
ono fanh
ydrousSodi
umCa r
bonat
e
Sol
uti
onB, mo nobasicaci
d,HX
Sol
uti
onC, 2.1go fami x
tureofpotass
iumhydrox
ide(KOH)andpo t
ass
iumchlo
rid
e(KCl)di
ss
olv
edi
n
di
sti
ll
edwatera ndma deupto250c m3solut
ion
.
Youarereq
u i
redt o:
(a
)Standardi
s ethemo nobasi
ca ci
d,sol
uti
onB
(b
)De te
rminet hepercent
ageo fpota
ssi
umc hl
ori
de(KCl)i
nthemixtur
e.
Proc
edure:
Fi
llt
heburett
ewi thsolut
ionB. Pip
ett
e25.0cm3ofsol
utio
nAi nt
oac l
eandryconi
cal
fl
ask
a
ndtit
rat
ewiths ol
utio
nBu si
ngme t
hylor
angeindi
cat
or.Recor
dyourresul
tsi
ntabl
e1b e
low:
-

1 2 3
3
Fi
nalbu
rett
erea
din
g(c
m)
In
it
ia
lburet
ter
eadi
ng(
cm3)
Vol
umeo fs
olu
ti
onBused(
cm3)

132
 (a
)Ca lcu lat
et heaver
agevolumeo fso l
uti
onBu s
ed
(b
)Gi vent hatt
h eequat
ionf
o rt
her eacti
ontakingpla
ceis:
-
Na2C O3(aq)+2HX(aq) 2NaX(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l
)
Calculatet hecon c
entr
ati
ono fs
o l
utionBi nmo le
sp e
rlit
re
Procedu reII
Fi
lltheb uret
tetothe0.0markwiths o l
ut
ionB. Pi
pett
e25.0cm3ofsol
uti
onCintoacl
ean
dryco nica l
flas
ka ndti
tra
teitagai
n s
ts ol
uti
onBu si
ngphenol
pht
h a
lei
nindi
cat
or.Re
pea
tthe
ti
trati
ona ndf i
llta
bleIIbel
ow:-
TableII
1 2 3
Fi
n alb urett
ereadin
g(cm3)
Ini
ti
a l buret
tereadi
ng(cm3)
Volumeo fso l
uti
onBu sed(cm3)

(c
)Wh ati
sth ea v
eragev ol
u meo fs ol
ut
ionBu sed?
(d)Ca l
culat
et heco ncentr
a t
iono fsolu
tionCin:-
(i
)Mo lesp erli
tre
(i
i)Gramsp erl
itr
e( K=39, O=16, H=1)
(e
)Ca l
culat
et hepe r
cen t
ageo fp ota
ssi
umc hl
o r
ideinthemixt
ure
2. Yo ua rep r
ovidedwi th:
-
- So lutionYc o nt
a i
ning0. 2molesofcopper(I
I)sul
phat
eperli
tr
eo fs
olut
ion
- So lidZ
Youa rerequiredto :
De t
ermi n
et heh eatevolvedwh en1mo leofsol
idYr ea
ctswit
hsol
idZ
Pr
oced ure
- Me asure40c m3o fso l
uti
onYa ndp lac
eitint
oa ninsul
at
ed100cm3plast
icbeak
er
- St i
rt hesoluti
o nwithth ehelpo fther
mo meterandrecor
ditst
empera
tureaf
terev
ery½mi
nut
e
for1½mi nu t
e s
.
- Af terexact
ly2mi nutes,adda l
lth esol
idZp r
o v
idedandc o
nti
nuest
ir
ri
ngt h
emi x
tur
ewhi
l
ere
cor
din
gth
e
te
mp er
a t
ureo fsol
u t
iona ndc omp le
tethetab
lebe l
ow:
Time ½ 1 1½ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4 4½ 5 5½ 6 6½ 7
(
mi nutes)
Temp erat
ure
o
(C)

(
b)(i
)Ont heg r
aphp a
p e
rp r
ovided,pl
otag rapho ft
emperatur
eagain
stti
me
(
ii)Fromy ourgr
aph,d e
termi
n ethema x
imu mt empera
turechange
(
c)Giventh atthedensi
tyoftheso l
ut
ionis1g /cm3,dete
rminethequant
it
yofheatevo
lve
d
3
wh e
n40c mo fsoluti
onYi sreact
edc ompletel
ywithsoli
dZ
-
1-
(specif
icheatcapaci
tyofsolut
ion=4. 2jg k1)
(
d)(i
)Gi venth a
tsol
idZi sZincpowd er
,writ
ea nio ni
cequati
onofthere
acti
onwh i
choccur
s
(
ii)Determinethemo lesofcopperionsusedu pinthereacti
on
(
iii
)De ter
mi netheamo untofheatthatwouldb eevol
vedifonemo l
eofCoppe
r
(
II)ionswe r
eu se
du p
(iv)Explainwhythev al
ueo bt
ainedinthisreacti
onislowertha
ntheactu
alva
lue?
3. I
.Youa repro vi
dedwithsoli
dP. Carr
yo utthetestsbel
owa ndwrit
etheobser
vat
ions
a
n dinferencesi
nt hespacesprovi
ded

(
a)He
ata
bouton
ethir
dofs
oli
dPinac
lea
nd r
yte
stt
ube
3
(
b)Ad
d10cmo fdi
st
il
le
dwate
rtot
her
emain
ings
oli
dPinab
oil
i
ngt
ubea
nds
hak
e.

133
 Fi
lte
randretai
nb ot
hther es
idueandthefi
lt
rat
e.Divi
det
hefi
lt
rat
ein
tofourpor
ti
ons
(i
)Tothefir
stporti
onadda queousSodi
umh ydrox
idedr
opbydropt
il
linexce
ss
(ii
)Tothes e
condp or
ti
ona dddil
utesul
phuri
ca ci
d
(ii
i)Tothethi
rdp o
rti
on,addb a
riu
mc hlor
idesol
uti
on
(iv
)T othefour
thport
ion,addLead(II
)n i
tr
atesol
uti
on
(
c)(i
)Tot h
er e
siduefr
om(b )abovei
nt h
etest-
tube,
adddil
ut
ehydro
chl
o r
ica
c i
dandre
tai
n
themixt
u r
e
(
ii
)Tothemi x
tureis
(c)
(i
)a bov
e,addaqueousammo ni
adro
pwiseti
lli
nexces
s
I
I.Youa r
ep r
ovi
dedwi t
hsolidQ.Carryoutt
het e
stbel
owandwri
teyourobs
ervat
io
nsand
i
nfer
encesinthespacesp r
ovi
ded

(
a)Sc
oopal
i
ttl
eof
sol
i
dQwi
thac
lea
ndr
yme
tal
l
ics
pat
ul
aan
dig
nit
eus
ingaBu
nse
nfl
ame
.

(
b)Pl
acether
emainin
gsoli
dQinab oi
li
ngt
ube.Addab
out10cm3ofd
ist
il
l
edwa
ter
.Sh
aket
he
mix
tur
eunti
litdi
ssol
ves
.Div
idet
hesol
ut
io
ni nt
o4port
ion
s
(i
)Toth
efi
rstport
ion
,tes
tth
ePHwi t
hPHpap e
r.
(i
i
)Totheseco
n dpor
ti
on,ad
ds ol
i
dsodi
umCa r
bona
teandsha
ke

PRACT
ICAL3

CONFIDENTIAL
INST
RUCT I
ONS.
Apar
tfr
omthenorma
lfi
tt
ing
sint
hel
abo
rat
ory
,ea
chc
and
ida
tewi
l
lne
edt
hef
ol
lo
wingc
hemi
cal
sanda
ppa
rat
us.

1. 500ml ofd i
stil
le dwa t
ersuppl
i
e dinawashbott
le
2. 50ml b urett
e
3. 25ml
4. apipettef i
ll
er
5. 2co nical f
lasks( 250ml)
6. Sourceo fheat( me ansofheat
ing)
7. Stopwa t
c h/cloc k
8. Arule r
9. 100ml me asuringc yli
nder
10. 50ml me a suri
ngc yl
inder
11. Comp leter et
o rtstand
12. 12cml o ngma g nesi
u mribb
onl ab
ell
edC
13. 100ml ofs ol
u t
io nA( s
ulp
huri
ca ci
d)
14. 80ml o fso l
utionB( Sodi
umhy droxi
desol
tn.
)
15. 100ml emp tyb ea k
er
16. Funne l
17. Sandp a per
18. 3go fso l
idE
19. 1go fso l
idF
20. Me a
nso flabe l
ing
21. Si
xc leant esttu besinat e
sttu
b erac
k
22. 3b oil
ingt ube sinar a
ck
23. Me t
alli
cs pa
tu l
a
24. Abou t0.2go fso di
u mhy d
rogencarbona
te
25. Glassro d.

Ac
ces
s

134
 1.2MAmmo ni
as o l
uti
ons uppl
iedwithad r
opper
2.2MSo diumhy droxid
es ol
uti
ons uppli
edwit
had r
o pp
er
3.2ML ead( I
I)Ni tr
atesuppli
edwi t
had ropp
er
4.0. 2MSilverNi tr
atesoluti
onsup p
li
edwi t
had ro
p per
5.Ac idi
fi
edp otassiumd i
chromate(VI)suppl
ie
dwi thad ro
pp er
6.Ac idi
fi
edPo tassiumMa nganate(VII)su
ppli
edwi t
hd ropper
N/
B
1.
Solut
ionAi sp repare
db yaccurat
elyme a
suri
ng27. 5cm3o fconce
ntra
ted
Su l
phuri
ca ci
d ,thenadd i
ngitto700ml ofdis
ti
ll
edwa terthentoppi
ngittoonel
it
re.
De nsi
tyo facid1.84g /
c m3
2.So lut
ionBi sp repare
db yaccurat
elyme a
suri
ng20go fNa OHp e
ll
etsanddis
sol
vi
ng
itin800c m3o fdis
til
ledwa t
erthentoppi
ngtoo nelit
rewithd i
st
il
le
dwa ter
.
3.So li
dEa ndFwi llbeprovide
db ythec o
uncil
.SolidEishig hl
ydel
iquesc
entand
s houl
db eha ndledc a
utiousl
y

QUESTI
ON1.
Youar
eprovi
d e
dwi t
h:
 Sulphuri
cacidsol
uti
onA
 0.5Ms odiu
mh ydr
oxidesol
uti
o nB
 Ma gnes
siumr i
bbo
nlabell
edC
Youar
erequi
redto:-
- Inves
tiga
tetherat
eofreact
io
nb e
twee
ns o
lut
ionAa
ndmeta
lC
- De t
erminethecon
centra
ti
ono fsul
phur
icaci
dinmol
esp
erl
it
re

Proce
du reI
(i
)Usingar uler
,ma ke6ma rk sat2c mlengthinte
r v
alontheMa gnes
iumribbonpro
vide
d.
3
(i
i
)T r
ans f
er50c mo fa ci
ds o luti
onu si
ngame asu
r i
ngcyl
in
d eri
ntoac l
eandry100mlbeake
r.
Pl
ac e2cml engthp i
eceo fma gnesi
umr i
b bonintoth
ebe a
k e
rwiththeaci
da n
dimme di
at
ely
st
artthes t
opwa tch/clock .Shakegentl
ya ndn otet
heti
met akenforth
ep i
eceof
ma gn e
siumribbo ntor eac tcomplet
el
y.
(i
i
i)Reco r
dint ab
leIb elow. Pla c
ea not
herp i
eceo fmagnes
iumr i
bbon(2cm)tothesame
so l
uti
o nanda gainno tet heti
met ak
en .
(i
v)Repeatthep r
o c
ed ureun tilal
lsixpi
eceso fmag nes
iumribbonhavereac
tedwit
h
thesames olut
ioni ni
tiallyplacedi
nth ebeaker
(v
)Co mp l
etethetableIb el
o w:
Note:Keepthes olutiono btai
nedinthisexperi
mentforuseinproce
dureII
(a
)T a
bleI
Pieceofma gnesiuma d de d 1 2 3 4 5 6
Leng t
ho fma g
n esi
u ma d ded 2 4 6 8 10 1
(cm) 2
Timet akent
(secon d)
me1/ (s
-1)
Rec i
procalofti t

1/
(
b)(
i)Pl
otag r
apho ft
ota
l l
engtho fmagnesiumrib
bonaddeda g
ains
tre
cip
rocalo
fti
me( t)
f
orthere
acti
ontog otoco mplet
ion
(
ii)Fr
omy ourgrap
h,determinethetimetakenwhen4.5cmlengt
hofma gn
esi
umr i
bbon
reac
tscomp l
et
ely
. (
Sh owp ar
tsont hegr
aph)
(
iii
)Writ
eac hemica
lequa t
ionforthereact
io
nb et
weenma gnes
iumandsul
phuri
caci
d
(
iv)Giv
enthatthemasso fsol
idV, whichrea
ctedwas0.12gandtha
tatomi
cma s
sof
ma g
n e
siumis24.0g,determinethenumb e
rofmoleo fs
ulp
huri
caci
dthatwer
e
use
du pduri
ngtherea c
ti
o n

135
 (
v)F
romyou
rgr
aph
,sta
tean
dexpl
ai
nthere
lat
io
nsh
ipb
etwe
ent
hel
eng
tho
fma
gne
siu
m
1
ri
bbo
nandt
herec
ipr
oca
loft
ime(/)
t

Pr
ocedur
eII
Pla
ceall
thesol
uti
onobta
ine
dinp r
o c
edureIi
nac l
ean100ml measur
ingcyli
nder.
3
Adddis
ti
ll
edwatert
oma k
e100cmo fsol
uti
on.Tra
nsfe
ra l
lt
heso l
ut
ionint
oab eaker
andshak
ewe l
l
.Labeli
tsol
ut
ionD.F i
llt
hebure
tt
ewi t
hs o
lut
ionB.Pipe
tte25.0cm3
ofsol
ut
ionDintoaconi
calf
la
sk.Add2-3drop
so fphe
no l
pht
hale
inindi
cato
ran dti
tr
ate
wit
hsolut
io
n.Recor
dyourres
ult
sinthetabl
eIIbel
ow. Repe
attheti
tr
ati
ontwomo reti
mes

(
f)T
ableII
Ti
tra
ti
on I I
I I
II
Fi
nalbur
ett
erea
din
g(m3)
c
In
iti
alb
uret
ter
eadi
ng(
cm3)
Vol
umeo fs
olu
ti
onB(cm3)u
sed

(
c)(i
)De t
erminetheaver
agevolu
meo fsolu
ti
onBu sed
(i
i)Calc
ulat
eth enumberofmole
sofs od
iumh y
droxi
desol
ut
ionBused
(d)Calc
ulat
e:
(
i)Thenumb erofmole
so fs
ulphur
icaci
din25.0cm3ofsol
ut
ionD
3
(
ii
)Then umberofmo l
esofsul
phuri
ca c
idin100cmo fso
lut
ionD
(
e)De t
erminethetot
alnumberofmolesofsul
phuri
caci
din50cm3ofs
olu
ti
onA
(
f)Calc
ulat
ethec onc
entr
ati
onoftheorig
inals
ulphu
ricaci
dsol
uti
onAinmol
esp
erl
i
tre

2. Youa repro vi
d edwi t
hs o l
idE. Carryoutthefoll
o wingt est
sa ndwr i
teyouro bse
rvat
ionsand
i
nf
e rencesint het ableb el
ow:
(
a)Pl acea l
lth es ol
idEi nab oil
ingtube.Adda bout15c m3o fdist
il
le
dwa terandshake
vigorou sl
yf orabo ut2mi nu t
es
b)(i)divi
d ethes o l
utionintof i
vee q
u a
l p
o r
ti
o nsinfived if
ferentcl
eantesttubes.
(i)Tot hefirstp ort
ion, a
d d2Ma mmo n i
asoluti
o ndro pwi seun t
ili
ne x
cess
i
i)T othes eco ndp o r
tio
na d d2MSo diumh ydroxi
d eso l
utiond ro
p wi seu nt
ili
ne xce
ss
i
ii)Tot heth i
r dp or
tiona dd4d r
o p
so f2ML e
a d(II
)n itr
ates ol
uti
on
i
v )Toth efo urthp ort
ion, a
d d4d ropsof0.2Ms il
vern it
ratesolut
ion,thenadd2Ma mmo ni
a
soluti
o nd ropwi se,un t
ilinexcess
(
v)Cl eano nee ndo ftheg la
ssr odprovided.Dipthec leane ndo fth
eg l
assrodinthefift
h
porti
o n.
Re mov ethee nda ndh eatiti
nt henon-luminousp arto faBu nsenburnerfl
ame .
No tethe
co l
ouro fth eflamea ndr ecordb e
low:-
3. Yo ua rep rovidedwi ths ol
idF .Carryoutthetestsb el
o w. Wr i
teyourobservat
ionsandinfer
ence
s
i
nt h espace sp rovi
d ed
(
a)Pl acea bou tah alfofso l
i
dFo name t
all
icspa t
ulaa ndb urnitusingaBu nsenburnerfl
ame
(b)Pl ac
et her ema iningo fsoli
dFi nab oil
ingtu be
. Ad dab out10cm3o fdis
til
l
edwa t
era nd
shakethe mi xturewe ll
.
(
c) ( i)Di vi
d ethemi xtureo bt
ainedintothreepo rt
ion s
.
(ii
)T ot hefirstporti
o n,addas mallamo unto fsoli
ds odiumh ydrogencarb
onate
(ii
i)T oth ese condp orti
on,adda bout1cm3o fa cidi
fiedpotass
iumd ichr
omate(VI)
andwa rm
(iv)Tot h ethirdpo r
tion,addtwod ropso facidif
iedp otass
iumma gn at
e(VII
)

PRACT
ICAL4

136
 CONF IDENT IAL
INSTRUCT IONS
Eachcandidates houldb ep r
o vi
d e
dwi t
h:
- Ab o ut1go fma ll
eica ci
d–s oli
dP
- Ac leanme t
a l
li
cs patula
- Bu ns enb urne r
- 500ml disti
ll
edwa t
e rinawa shb ot
tl
e
- Si xtes t
-t
u besinar a ck
- Onet e s
tt ubeho lder
- 2b oili
ngt ube s
- Ab o ut1go fAlCl3–s ol
idM
- Oneb lueando nere dli
tmu spaper
- Onev ol
u me t
ricflask(250ml )
- Onep ipett
e25c m3
- Onep ipett
efilt
er
- Onel a b
e l
- So lidG–o xali
ca ci
d( exactl
y3g )i
nas t
opper
edc o
ntai
ner
- 50ml or100ml me asu r
ingcyli
nd e
r
- 100c m3b eaker
- Onet he r
mo meter
- Ones to
p watch/ cl
ock
- Ab o ut0.2gNa HCO3s ol
id
- 100ml ofs ol
u t
ionH
- Oneb urett
e( 50ml )
- 2c onical f
lasks
Acc
e sst
o:-
 0. 2MPb (
NO3)So lutio
ns uppl
iedwithad r
opper
 0. 2MBa (
NO3) 2 Soluti
on suppl
iedwitha d
ropp
er
 0. 1MKISo lu t
ions uppli
e dwithad ropp
er
 2MNa OHSo l
uti
o ns u
p pli
edwi t
had r
opper
 2MNH3(aq)So l
utions upp l
iedwithad r
opper
 Ac idi
fi
edK2CV2O7So l
utions uppl
iedwithadropp
e r
Pr
eparati
oninstructi
o n
-Di
s sol
ve6.4go fKMnO4i n400c m32MH2SO4a ndtopto1li
tr
eusi
ngdi
st
il
l
edwa
ter

1. Youarepr
ovid
edwith:
- 0.0238Mo l
es(equi
val
entt
o3g )ofsol
i
dG
- So l
ut
ionH,0.04Ma c
idi
fi
edpotas
siumman
gan
ate(
VII
)
Youarere
quir
edto:
I.
Determi
netheent
h a
lpyofs
olut
ionofsol
idG
II
.Thenumberofmo l
esofwat
erofcr
ysta
lli
za
ti
oni
nso
li
dG

Proce
dureI
:-
Usin
game as
uri
ngc yl
ind
erpla
ce50cm3o fdi
st
ill
edwateri
ntoa100cm3ofb e
aker.
Sti
rthewat
ergent
lywit
hath e
rmomete
ra ndtakei
tstemper
atu
reaft
ereve
ryhalf
-minu
te.
Recor
dtherea
dingintab
leIbel
ow.Atexact
lytwominu t
es,
addalls
oli
dGt othewate
r
atonce.
Sti
rwell
an dt
akethete
mp e
rat
ureofthemixtu
reaft
ereve
ryhal
fminuteupto
thef
ourt
hminute
. Rec
ordyourre
sul
tsi
nt abl
eI.Keepthesol
ut
ionsf
orprocedur
eIIbel
ow:
Tabl
eI
(a)

137
 T
ime(
min) 0 ½ 1 1½ 2 2½ 3 3½ 4
o
T
empe
rat
ure(C) X

(b)Ont heg r
idprovi
ded,plotag r
apho fti
me(x-ax
is)ag
ains
ttemp er
atu
re
(c
)(i
)Ont h egraph,showthec hangeintemperat
ureT
(i
i)Ca lcul
ate:
Themo lare nt
halpyofsoluti
on(Hs olut
ion)
3
(
Assu med e
nsit
yo fsol
utio
n=1g /cma ndsh
o wthesi
gno fHs ol
uti
ons peci
fi
cheat
-
1-1
capacityo fsol
uti
on=4. 2jgk)
Proc
e dureII
Tr
ansferth econ t
ent
so ft
h ebeakeri
n t
oa250ml vol
umetr
icfl
ask.Rins
eb oththebea
ker
andthet hermo mete
rwithd i
sti
lle
dwa terandaddtothevol
ume t
ricfl
ask.Addmo r
ed i
st
il
l
ed
wate
rt oe hma rk.
Labe
l thi
ss oluti
onG
Fi
llt
h ebu rett
ewithsolut
ionH
Usi
ngap ipett
ea ndpipet
tefi
lter
,pla
c e25.0cm3ofsolu
ti
onGi ntoac on
icalfl
ask.
Wa r
mt he
mixt
uret oa bout60oC.Ti
tratethehotso l
uti
onGwi t
hs ol
ut
ionHu n
ti
lap er
ma nentp
inkcol
our
per
sist
s( wh i
leshaki
n g
).Re c
o r
dy ourreadi
ngsintabl
e2.Repeattheti
tr
atio
nt womo r
eti
mes
andco mpletetable2
Tabl
e2.
Ti
tre I I I I II
Fi
nalb uret
ter ead
ing
Ini
ti
alb ur
e t
tereading
Vol
umeo fs ol
utionHu sed(cm3)

(
e)Calcul
atethe:
1. Averag
ev ol
umeo fHu sed
II.Nu mberofmolesofp o
tassi
ummanganat
eVIIus
ed
III
. Numb erofmolesofGin25c m3s
olut
ionGgiv
enthat2moleso
fp ot
ass
iumma n
gan
ate
(
VII)re
a c
tedcomplete
lywith5mol
esofG
IV. Rel
ati
veformul
ama sso fG
(
f)For
mu laofGh ast
h efo
rmG. XH2Det
ermi
netheval
ueofXi nt
hefor
mu l
agive
n
therelat
iv
ef or
mulamas sfo
rGi s90.
0anda t
omi
cma s
so fOxy
genis16andthat
ofHy d
rogenis1.0

2. Yo ua reprovi
dedwit
hs ol
i
dMa ndcar
ryoutt
hetest
sbelowwri
teyouro
bse
rva
ti
onsa
nd
i
nfer
encesinth espa
ces
(
i)Toad ryboili
ngtube,p
laceal
lsol
idMa ndadd12cm3ofdist
il
l
edwaterandu
set
he
sol
uti
onf orthetest
sbel
ow:-
(
ii
)To2c m3o fsolu
ti
on,addbothli
tmuspaper
s
3
(
ii
i)To2cmo fsol
uti
on,ad
da que
ou ssod
iumhydrox
idedro
pwi s
eunti
lexc
ess
(
iv)To2cm3o fsol
uti
on,a
dda que
ousa mmoni
adropwiseunti
li
ne x
cess
(
v)To2cm3o f t
hesol
uti
on,add2d r
o p
sofaqueo
usp o
tass
iumiodi
de
3
(
vi)To2cmo fsol
uti
on,a
dd3d ropsofaque
ouslea
d(ii
)ni
tr
ate
(
vii
)T o2c m3o fso
lut
ion,a
dd3d ropsofaqu
eousBari
umn i
tra
tesol
uti
on

2. B.
Youarepr
ovi
dedwit
hso l
i
dP. Ca
rryoutt
hetestb
elow.Writ
eyouro
bser
vati
onsand
i
nf
er
ence
sinthes
pacesprov
ided
:-
(
a)Pl
aceo
nethi
rdofsol
idPoname ta
ll
icspat
ul
aa ndbu
rnitusi
ngaBunsenburne
r
3
(
b)Pl
acet
heremai
nin
go fsol
i
dPi nate
s t
-t
ube.Addabout6cmo fdi
st
il
l
edwa t
erands
hak
e

138
 t
hemixt
ure(ret
ai
nthemixt
ureforuseinte
st(c
)
3
(
c)(
i)To2cmo ft
hemixt
urein(b)ab
o v
ea ddaspat
ul
aendful
lofNaHCO3s o
lid
(
ii
)To2cm3o fthemi
xtur
e,add2cm3o faci
di
fi
edpot
ass
iumdichr
omate(VI)andwarm
3
(
ii
i)To2c
mo f
themix
tur
ea d
dt wodropsofaci
di
fi
edpot
ass
iumma ng
a n
e s
e(VII)a
ndsha
kewe
ll

PRACTI
CAL 5
CONFIDENT I
AL
Req
uir
eme nts
:
Ina
ddit
iontotheequi
pme nt
,a ppara t
usa ndc hemi c
alf
oundinthechemis
tr
y
l
abor
atoryeachca
ndida
tewillreq uirethefollowing:
 Ab o
u t100c m³o fsoluti
onL
 Ab o
u t100c m³o fsoluti
onN
 Ab urette
 Ap i
p ette
 3c onica lf
lasks
 4. 0go fs oli
dK
 T hermo me t
er
 Di sti
lledwa ter
 T esttub eho lder
 3b oili
ngt ub es
 Phe no lphthalei
ni ndicat
or
 F i
lterp aper
 F i
lterfu nnel
 So urc eo fheat
 1go fs oli
dx
 10ml me asuri
ngc y l
i
nd er
 2MHNOз
 Se vent e s
ttu be
s
 St ir
ringr od
 2MNa OH
 2MNH4OH
 2MHCL
 0. 5Ml e ad(II)nitr
a t
e
 0. 5Mb a r
iumc hloride
NOTES
-
Soluti
onLispre
paredbyd issolving5go fNa OHinalit
reofdi
sti
l
ledwate
r
-
Soluti
onNisprepa
redbyd i
s solvi
ng9. 84go fC2H2O4.
2H2Oinalitr
eofdi
sti
l
ledwa
ter(
oxa
li
cac
id)
-
Soli
dKi spot
ass
iumc hl
o ra
te
-
Soli
dXi samixtur
eo fcoppe r(II)oxidea ndz i
ncsu
lphat
eintherat
io1:
1

1. Youareprov
idedwith:
-
(i
)Solut
io
nLc ontai
ning5gp erl
it
reofsod
iumh yd
roxi
de
(i
i
)So l
uti
onNc ont
a i
ning9.84gperli
tr
eofoxa
liccr
ysta
lsoff
ormul
aC2H2O4.
XH2O
(i
i
i)Youarereq
u i
redtodetermin
ethenumberofmo l
esofwat
erofc
rys
tal
li
zat
ionXi
n
onemo l
eo foxal
icacid(C2H2O4.
XH2O)
(i
v)Youarere
qu i
re
dt odeter
minethenumberofmolesofwat
erofc
rys
tal
li
zat
io
nX;i
non
e
moleofoxal
icacid(C2H2O4.XH2O)
Proce
dure
(i
)Fil
lt
heb u
ret
tewithso l
ut
ionN.

139
 (
ii
)Pi
pet
te25cm3ofso
lut
ionLinto250cm3c
onic
alfl
aska
ndadd2dr
opsofp
hen
olp
hth
ale
in
i
ndi
cat
ortoi
tandti
tra
tewithsol
uti
onN.
(
ii
i
)Recor
dyourres
ult
sintheta
b l
ebel
ow
(
iv
)Repe
attheex
peri
menttwic
etoo b
tai
ncons
is
tentr
eadi
ngsa
ndco
mp l
et
eth
eta
ble

T
abl
e1
Ti
tr
ati
on 1 2 3
Fi
nalbur
ett
erea
din
g(m3)
c
In
it
ia
lburet
ter
eadi
ng(
cm3)
Vol
umeo fs
olu
ti
onNused(
cm3)

(a
)Ca l
culat
ethea ver
agevol
umeofsolu
ti
onNu sed
(b)Deter
mine:-
(
i)Theconcentr
ati
onofsodi
umh ydr
oxi
deino neli
treofs
olut
ionL
(Na=23, O=16, H=1)
(ii
)Wr i
tetheequati
onofther
eact
iontak
ingpl
a c
e
(ii
i)Thenumb erofmole
sofanhydr
ouscarbo
hy d
ratesoxal
i
ca c
idinonel
i
treo
fthe
s
o l
uti
onN
(i
v)Therela
ti
vefo r
mu l
amassofanhy
drousoxal
icacid
, so
lut
ionN(C=12,H=1, O=16)
(
v)T
hen umb e
rof mo l
esofwat
erofcr
yst
all
iz
ati
oninon emo l
eofoxal
icac
id

2. Youareprovi
dedwiths o
li
dK,ab oi
li
ngtubeandather
mome t
er.Youarere
quir
edtod
ete
rmi
ne
th
esolubi
li
ti
eso fs
olidK,atva
ri
oust e
mp e
rat
ure
s.
Proc
edure:
-
(a
)Ca re
full
ytr
a ns
ferall
the4.
0go fsol
idKint
oac l
eanboi
li
ngtubeandadd10cm3ofdi
st
il
l
ed
wate
rfromab urett
e.
(
b)Heatt
heboil
ingtubeanditscont
ent
sge nt
lywit
hshaki
ngunti
lal
lthesol
iddis
sol
ves.
(
Don ots
pil
lthesol
u t
io
nd uri
ngheati
ng.)Sto
ph e
ati
ngwhenallt
heso l
i
dd i
sso
lves
.
Seethedi
agra
mb e
low:-

T
her
mome
ter

T
est
-t
ubeh
old
er

Bo
il
in
gtu
be

Heat
(
c)Gent
lyst
irt
hesol
uti
onusin
gt het
hermometerandr
ecor
dthetemper
atu
reatwhi
ch
cr
yst
alsa
p p
ear
. ( T
hecryst
alsap
peara
ss malls
hin
ingpa
rti
cl
es)
(
d)Usi
ngab ur
ett
eadd2. m3o
5c fwate
rtot
h esolu
ti
onandheatun
til
all
theso
lidd
iss
olv
es.
Repeatp
roced
ure
(c)

140
 (e
)Repeatt hee xp
e r
ime nteachtimea ddin g2. 5cm3o fdisti
ll
edwa t
erfr
omab ur
ett
e.
Recordt her es
u l
tsinthetableb el
o w:-
Totalvolumeo fwa t
er(cm3) 10.00 12. 50 15. 00 17. 50 20. 00 22. 50
Ma s
so fs oli
dK( g ) 4.00 4. 00 4. 00 4. 00 4. 00 4. 00
Solubil
ityo fKing /100go fwa ter 40.00 22.90 17.78
Temp erat
u reatwh ichcryst
alsa ppear
(oC)
(i
)Co mp l
etethet a
blebyf il
li
ngint h er owf ors ol
u bi
l
it
yo fKandtemp er
atur
ea t
wh ic
hc rystal
sappear
(i
i)Ont heg r
idp rov
ided, dr
awt h eg rapho fso l
ub i
li
tyofKv er
suste
mp era
ture
(i
ii)Atwh icht emperat
u r
ei ssolub i
li
ty24/ 100go fwater
?
(i
v)I fas olu
tionc ont
aining30go fKa t85oCi scooledto60oC
(a
)Atwh icht empe r
aturewillcrysta
lsfir
s tap pear?
(b
)Wh atwo u l
db eth etotal
ma sso fthec rystalsobtainedwh e
nth esol
uti
onfinal
l
y
c
oolsto60oC
(c
)Wh atisth esolubil
ityofKa t75oC
3. Youarep r
o vi
d edwiths oli
dXwh ichisami xtureo ftwos ol
ids
.Ca r
ryoutthefol
lowingtes
ts
t
oident
ifythec a
ti
o nsan danionsp re
se ntint hemi xt
u re.
(a
)Adda bo ut10c m3o fwater,st
iran dthe nfil
te r
.Ke epb oththeresi
dueandt h
efilt
rat
efor
f
urt
h erreac t
ions.
(b)Pl
acet her esi
d u
ei nab oi
li
n gt u
bea n da ddd il
u t
en i
tri
cacidandwa r
m. Divi
dethes o
lut
io
n
int
otwop o rt
ions
(c
)Tothe1stp ort
iona ddNa OH(aq)t
il
l i
ne x
c ess
(d)Tothe2ndp orti
ona ddaq u
e ousa mmo niatilli
ne xc e
ss
st
(e)Div
idet hef i
lt
rateinto5p ort
io ns
. Tot he1 p ort
io na dddil
uteHCl
(f
)Tothe2ndp ort
iona ddlead(II)Nitrates olution
(g)Tothet hirdpo r
tiona d
dBa riumCh l
o ri
d es ol
ution
(h)Tothe4thp or
tiona ddsodiumh ydroxides olut
iont il
l i
ne x
cess
t
h
(i
)Tothe5 p ort
iona dda queousa mmo niatilli
ne xce s
s

PRACTICAL6
CONFI
DENT I
AL
IDENT
ITIESOFSOL IDS
M-Potassi
umma nganat
e(VII
)crys
tal
s,KMnO4
N–Ammo niumF e
roussul
phat
ehexahydr
a t
e,(
NHa )
2.F
e(SO4)
2.6H2O
S–Ox al
icacidH2C2O4.
2H2O
Q-Hydrat
edBa r
iumChlori
de,BaCl
2.2H2O
R-Oxal
icaci
d
Note:SandRa ret
hesamesu b
stances
I
NST
RUCT
IONS
I
na d
dit
io
ntot
heappar
a t
usandc hemica
lsf
o u
ndint
hec
hemi
st
ryl
abo
rat
ory
,ea
ch
candi
dat
ewi
ll
requ
iret
hef ol
lowing:
1.150cm3ofsolut
ionM
2.100cm3ofsolut
ionN
3
3.100cmo fsolut
ionS
4.One50cm3b uret
te
5.One25cm3p i
p e
tteandp i
pet
tef
il
ter
o o
6.Onether
mo me t
er(-
10C–110C)
7.Onefi
lt
erfunnel
8.Twoconica
l f
las
ks
9.Tri
podst
anda ndwireg au
ze

141
 10.
Sour
ceo fheat
11.
8cle
a nd r
yte
sttubesi
narack
12.
2boil
ingtubes
13.
1me t
alli
cspat
ula
14.
250ml ofdi
st
il
ledwate
rinawashb
ott
le
15.
About1go fs
oli
dR
16.
About1go fs
oli
dQ
17.
1reda nd1blueli
tmuspap
er

Ac
ces
sto:
1)2MNa OHs uppl
iedwit
had ropper
2)0.5MNa 2SO4s uppl
ie
dwi thad ropper
3)0.1MPb (NO3)2suppl
iedwithad r
opper
4)Me thylorangeindic
ator
5)0.5MBa (NO3)2s uppl
i
e dwi t
had ropper
Note
s:
1.So l
u t
ionMi sprepar
e dbyd i
sso
lving3.16go fsol
idMi n400cm3o f2M
H2SO4a ndma ki
ngitu pto1lit
reo fsol
uti
onwi t
hd i
sti
ll
edwater
.
2.So l
u t
ionNi sprepa
redb ydiss
olvi
ng23. 5gofs o
li
dNi n200cm3o f2M
H2SO4a ndma ki
ngitu pto1lit
reo fsol
uti
onwi t
hd i
sti
ll
edwater
.
3.So l
u t
ionSi spre
paredb ydis
sol
v i
ng5gSi n600cm3o fdi
sti
l
ledwate rand
ma k i
ngitupto1l i
tr
eo fsolut
ionwi thdi
sti
ll
edwa te
r
6)QUEST ION1
Yo
uarepro
v i
dedwi t
h:
- Ac i
dif
ieda qu
eo usPota
ssiumma nganat
e(VII)KMn O4,sol
u t
ionM( t
ob eusedals
oinquest
io n3).
- So luti
onN, con t
ai
ning23. 5go fammo n
iumi ron(I
I)sul
ph ate,(
NH4)2Fe(SO4)
2.6H2O,perlitr
e.
- So l
u t
io
nS, c
on t
aini
ng5. 0go fadibas
icaci
d, H2X.2H2Op erli
tr
e

Yo
uar
erequ
ire
dto:
-
1.Standar
diz
ethep
otas
si
umma
nga
nat
e(VI
I)
,so
lut
io
nM,
usi
ngt
hea
mmo
niu
m
- ir
on(I
I)su
lpha
te,
sol
uti
onN.

- Uset
hesta
ndar
diz
edpot
ass
iumma
ngana
te(
VII
),so
lut
io
nMt odet
ermi
neth
e
c
once
ntr
ati
onoft
hedib
asi
caci
dH2X•
2H2O,
sol
ut
ionsSandth
enth
eformul
ama s
sofX.

Pr
ocedur
eI
Fi
l
ltheburet
tewi
thsol
uti
onM.
Pi
pet
te25.0cm3ofsol
ut
ionNint
oac oni
cal
fl
ask
.Tit
rat
eso
lut
ionNwi
thso
lut
ion
Mu nt
il
ap er
manentpi
nkcol
ourj
ustapp
ears
.Reco
rdyourr
esu
lt
sint
abl
eIbel
ow.
Rep
eatthi
sproce
duret
ocomplet
etab
leI

(
a)T
abl
eI
I I
I I
II

F
ina
lbu
ret
ter
ead
ing(
cm3)

In
it
ia
lbu
ret
ter
eadi
ng(
cm3)
Vol
umeofs
olu
ti
onMused(cm3)

142
 (
b)Deter
mi n etheaveragevolumeo fsolu
ti
onMu s ed
,
(c
)Calcu
latet heconc e
n tr
ati
ono fthea mmo niumi ron(II)sulp ha
te,s o
luti
onN,inmoles
perl
it
re . (
RF Mo f(
NH4) 2Fe (SO4)2.6H2O=392)
(d)Cal
culatet henu
mb erofmo lesofiron(II)i
o nsi nthe25. 0cm3o fs ol
uti
onN
(
e)Usi
ngthei o ni
cequ at
ionforth ereacti
onb et
we e nma ngan ate(VII)andir
on(II
)ion
s,giv
en
bel
ow,calc ul
atet
h ec oncent
rationo fmang a
n ate(VII)ins olut
ionMi nmole
sp e
rli
tr
e.
O-4(aq)+5F 2+
H+(aq) 2+ 3+
Mn e (a
q)+8 Mn (a
q)+5 Fe (aq)+4 H2O(l
)

Procedur
eII
Pipe
tte25.
0cm3o fsol
uti
onSi nt
oaconic
alf
lask.
He a
tthi
ssol
uti
ontoabout70oCandt
it
rat
e
thehotsol
uti
o nSwithsolu
ti
onMu nti
lapermanentpi
nkcol
ourj
ustap
p e
ars.Shak
ethor
oughl
y
duri
ngtheti
trati
on.Rec
ordy o
urres
ult
sinta
b l
eII
.Repeatt
hi
sproce
duretocomplet
eth
etabl
eII
(
f)TableII
I I
I II
I
Fin
al b
uret
tereadi
ng(cm3)
Ini
ti
albure
tteread
ing(cm3)
Volumeofsolut
ionM( cm3)

(
g)Re
cor
dth
eav
era
gev
olu
meo
fso
lut
io
nMu
sed(
sho
who
wyo
uar
ri
vea
tth
ean
swe
r)

V2=…………………………………………………………………………………
(
h)Calcula
tethenumberofmo l
esofth
ema ngana
te(VII
)ionsinvolumeV2
(i
)Giventhat2molesoft
h eman g
anat
e(VII)i
onsre
actwit
h5mo leso ft
hedib
asi
caci
d ,
H2X•2H2O,ca
lcul
atet
hen umberofmolesoft
hed i
bas
icacid,H2X. 2H2Oin25cm3
o
fsoluti
onS
(j
)Calcul
ateth
econ c
entr
ati
ono ft
hediba
sicaci
dH2X. 2H2O,inmo lesperl
it
re
(
k)Calcula
tethef
ormulama s
sofXi nt
hedibas
icaci
d,H2X. 2H2O.(H=1. 0,O=16.0

2. Youareprovide
dwi thsol
idQ. Carr
yo utthefol
lo
wi n
gt est
sandwri
teyo urobser
vati
onsand
i
nfer
ence
si nthespa ce
sp r
ovid
e d
(
a)Pl
aceabouto ne-
ha l
fofsol
idQi nadryt e
sttube.Heatstr
ongl
yandt e
sta nygasprodu
ced
usi
ngli
tmu spapers
b
)Plac
ether emain
in gsol
idQinab o i
l
ingtu b
e.Adda bout10cm3ofdist
il
ledwa t
erandshakewell
.
3
i
)Toab out2cmo fthesolu
tioninate s
ttubeaddso di
umh yd
roxid
es olu
tionti
lli
nexces
s
ii
)Toabout2c m3o fsol
uti
onQi natesttubeadda bout2cm3of0.5Ms odiums u
lphat
esol
u t
io
n
3
ii
i
)Toab out2cmo fsol
uti
onQi nat esttub
e,adda bout4cm3ofb a
ri
u mn it
rat
esolut
io
n
(
iv
)Toa bout2cm3o fsol
utio
nQi nat esttube
,add3d r
opsofle
ad( I
I)nit
ratesol
uti
onand
heatthemixturetoboil
ing

3. Yo ua r
eprov
idedwithsol
idR.Car
ryo u
tthefol
l
owingtest
san dwri
teyo
urobserva
ti
onsandinf
ere
nces
inth espa
cesprovi
ded
(a)Placeali
tt
leofsol
idRinac l
eanmetall
i
cspat
ulaandigni
tewit
hab uns
enfl
a me
3
(b)Placeal
ltheremain
ingsol
i
dRi nab oi
li
ngtube.Addabout6cmo fdi
st
il
le
dwa ter
andshak
ewe ll
.Us e2cm3porti
onstocar
ryoutthet
estbelo
w:
(i)Add2cm3o fsol
ut
ionobt
ainedbydil
uti
ng1cm3o fs
olut
ionMwi t
h5cm3o fdi
sti
l
ledwat
ert
o2c m3
o
fso
lut
io
nR.
(i
i)Add3d r
o p
so fmeth
ylor
angeto2c m3ofsol
uti
onR

143
 PRACTICAL7
CONF I
DENT I
AL
INSTRUCTIONS.
Inaddi
ti
ontotheapparatusa ndf i
ttingsfoundinthelabor
ato
ryea
chca
ndi
dat
es houl
dhave
:
1.One25ml pi
p ett
e
2.One3- wa yp i
p et
tef ill
er
3.One0- 50m/ sBu rrette
4.T wo250m/ sc onica lf
las
k
5.Ones topwa tc h/ c
lo ck
6.One250ml glassb e aker
7.One100ml me asur i
ngc yli
nder
8.One100ml glassb e aker
9.Onet hermo me ter(-10t o110oC)
10.Onelabel
11.Onepieceo fwhi tep aper
12.Oneme asuringc ylind e
r(10mls)
13.Si
xdryc l
ea nt es
tt ub eontest
-t
ubet ack
14.Onebo i
l
ingt u be
15.Onecleand ryme t
a ll
icspatul
a
16. m3d
250c i
still
edwa terinwa s
hb ott
le
17.Onefi
lte
rp ap er(dry )
18.Onefi
lte
rf unne l
19.Oneglassro d
20.Abou
t0. 5gs o di
u mhy drog
enc a
rbo nat
esupp
li
edi
nast
opper
edb o
ttl
e
21.0.
5go fsoli
dF( acc uratel
yme a
sured )
22.Abou
t130c m3o fso diumthios
ulpha t
e(0.
25Msodi
umthi
osul
phat
e,sol
ut
ionD)
3
23.Abou
t30c mo f2. 0MHCl (sol
uti
o nE)
24.Abou
t0. 5gs o l
idT
25.Abou
t0. 5gs o l
idX
3
26.Abou
t180c mo fso lut
ionB
27.Abou
t80c m3o fs olu t
ionA

Ac
ces
sto:
1.Phe nolphthal
einindi
c a
torsuppli
edwit
hadrop
per
2.Bu nsenb urner(s
o ur
ceo fheat)
3.Acid i
fi
edp otass
iumma nganat
e(VII
)sol
ut
io
n
4.Co nc e
ntrate
ds ul
p u
ricacid
5.Etha nolinastopperedb ot
tle

NOTE:
1.Soli
dX–Ox a
licaci
d
2.Soli
dT–Ca lci
u mChlor
ide
3.Solut
io
nA–0. 5MNa OH
4.solu
ti
onB–0. 5MHCl
5.Soli
dF–Z nCO3( Zi
nccarb
onate
)
Qu
est
ion1.
Youarepr
ovi
dedwith:
- Solut
io
nA, sodiumhydrox
ide
- Solut
io
nF, 0.
2go facarbo
nate(
MCO3)
- Solut
io
nB, 0.5MHy dro
chlor
icac
id
- Phenol
pht
h al
einind
icat
or

144
 Youarere
q u
ire
dto:
(a
)Standa
rdiz
esolut
ionAwi thsol
uti
onB
Usi
ngap i
pett
eandap i
pet
tefi
ll
erpl
ace25. m3o
0c fsol
ut
io
nAint
oa250ml
con
ica
lfl
ask
Add2-3d r
opsofp henol
phthal
ei
nindi
cato
r
Recor
dyourresul
tsintabl
e1b el
ow
Repea
ttheproce
du r
etwomo r
eite
msa ndcompl
et
etab
le1
Tabl
e1
I I
I I
II
3
Fi
nalbur
ett
ereadings(c
m)
In
it
ialb
urett
ereadi
ng s(
cm3)
Vol
umeo fsol
uti
onBu s
ed(cm3)

(a
)Ca l
cul
a t
ethea v
e r
agevo l
umeo fsol
uti
onBu s
ed
(b
)(i)Determi
n ethemo l
eso fsodi
umh ydr
oxideused
(i
i
)Ca l
cul
a tet
hemo lar
ityofSo di
umh ydr
oxid
e
Proc
e d
ureI I
- Pl ac
ea llt
he0.2go fsoli
dFi nt
oa250c m3b e
aker
.
- Me a
sure100c m3o fthe0.5Mh ydr
ochlor
icaci
dsolut
ionusi
n m3me
g100c asu
rin
gcy
li
nde
ran
dad
d
i
ttoth esol
idintheb eak
e r
.
- Sh akewe l
lu nt
ilef
ferv
escencest
o ps
;la
belthi
ssolut
io
nC
- Pi pe
tte25.0cm3o fsol
u t
ionCintoa250c m3conic
alf
lask
- Ad d2- 3dropso f
Ph enol
p ht
hal
einindi
cat
or
- T it
rat
es ol
utio
nCa gai
nstsolut
ionA
- Re peattheprocedureandc ompl
e t
etabl
eIIbelo
w:
T
abl
eII

I I
I I
II

Ca
lcu
la t
ethe:
(a)Averag
ev ol
umeofsolut
ionAu se
d
(
b )Numberofmo l
esofhydrochl
ori
caci
dthatwasint
h m3o
e25c fso
lut
io
nCu
sed
(
c)( i
)Numberofmo l
esoftheCarbona
tein0.2g
(i
i)Rel
ati
vefor
mulaofthecarbo
natesol
idF
QUEST ION2
Youareprov
ide
dwi t
h:
o So l
uti
onD, 0.25MSo di
umt hi
osul
pha
te
o So l
uti
onE,2.0MHy droch
lori
caci
d

Yo
ua rer
equ
ire
dto:
Det
ermin
etheef
fe
ctof
temp
era
tur
eonr
ateo
fre
act
io
n.

Proc
ed ur
e:
-Pl
ace50cm3o fsol
uti
onDi n100mlgla
ssbeake
rprov
idedandre
cordi
tsst
eadyt
empera
tur
e.
-Markac ro
ss(x)onap i
eceofwhi
tepaperandpl
acet
heb e
akerco
ntai
ni
ngthethi
osu
lpha
teoni
t.
-Measure5cm3o fso
lut
ionEa n
da ddi
ttothebea
kerwit
hthethi
osul
phat
eandswi
re
car
e f
ul
lynottopourth
ec ont
ent
.
-Startasto
pwa tchi
mme dia
tel
ythela
stdro
po fa
cidi
sadded

145
 -Lo
okthr
oug
htheso
lut
io
nandnot
eth
eti
metak
enf
ort
hemar
kt obecomein
vis
ibl
e
o o o o
-Rep
eatt
hepr
oce
dur
ewitht
het
hi
osul
pha
teh
eat
edt
o30C,40C, 50Ca nd60C

Recor
dyo u
rresu
lt
sinta
bleI
IIb
elo
w:
Ta
b l
eII
I
o
Volumeofthio
sul
phat
e Vol
umeofsol
ut
io
nE T
emp
erat
ure(C) T
ime(
sec
s) 1/
t
3 3
used(cm) use
d(cm)
o
25 5 In
it
ial
temp
25 5 30
25 5 40
25 5 50
25 5 60
1
(
a)Us
eyourre
sul
tst
op l
otagra
phof/taga
ins
tte
mpera
tur
e
(
b)Fr
omy o
urgra
ph,det
ermi
nethet
imet
akeni
fthet
emper
atu
reoft
hesol
ut
io
nis318K
(
c)Ex
pla
inhowther
ateofre
act
ionc
hang
eswit
hincr
eas
eintemp
era
tur
e

QUEST
ION3
Proc
edure1:
Youareprov
idedwithsoli
dT .
Pl
aceaspatul
afullofsol
idTinacleanbo i
l
ingtubethe
na ddabou m3o
t10c fdi
sti
ll
edwate
r.
Shaketh
emi xt
ureforabout1minutethenfil
te
r.Div
idethefi
l
tra
teint
o4p o
r t
io
ns.
(a
)Tothefi
rstport
ionadda bou
t2cm3o fsodiumhydroxi
de(sol
ut
ionA)
(b
)Tothesecondp ort
io
na ddabout2cm3o f2.
0Mh ydrochl
ori
cacid
(c
)Tothethi
rdp ort
ion,addafewdropsofp he
nolph
thale
inindi
cat
or
(d)Tothefo
u r
thp o
rti
ond ipacl
eanglassrodandplacet
hesoakedendoft
h egla
ssrod
ont
oan on-luminousfl
ame

Pr
oce
dure2:
Youa rep r
ovidedwit
hs ol
idX. Car
ryo utt
h etest
sbelowandrecor
dy ourobser
vat
ionand
infe
ren cesinthetab
leb e
low:
Pl
a c
eo n espatul
aendfullofsoli
dXinab oil
ingtubeandaddabout10cm3o fdi
st
il
ledwat
er.
Sh akewe ll
a nduseforthetest
sbelow:
(a
)T oth e2cm3o fso
luti
oni natest
-t
u b
e ,
a ddo n
esp a
tul
ae n
dfullofsodi
umh ydr
ogencar
bonat
e
(b)To2c m3o fsol
uti
on ,
ad dthre
edropso facidi
fi
edpotas
siumma nganat
e(VII
)sol
utio
n
(c
)Plac eabout5cm3o fet
h anoli
nate s
ttub eandaddd r
opsofconcent
rat
eds u
lphur
icaci
d
thena ddas pa
tul
ae ndfu l
lofso
li
dX. wa rmthemi x
turecar
efu
ll
y .
Sh a
kewe l
landpour
t
hemi x
tureint
o20c m3o fwate
rinab eak e
r

PRACT ICAL8
CONF IDENT I
AL
Re
quir
eme nt
s:-
1.So l
uti
onX1, ac
idi
fi
edp ot
as s
iumma nganate(VII)s
olut
ion.Iti
sp r
epar
edbydis
sol
ving
3
3.16gofKMnO4i n400c mo f2MH2SO4.a ddd i
sti
l
ledwatertoma k
eitupto1l
it
resolu
ti
on
2.So l
uti
onX2, 0.
1MI ro
n( II
)Su l
phat
e
–Itispre
paredbyd i
ssol
ving20.8Go fIron(II)Sul
phat
ei n1li
tr
eofd i
st
il
le
dwa t
er,
a d
d
afewd ropso fconcentr
atedsul
phu r
ic(VI)acid,t
oa vo i
do x
idat
ion.
3.So l
uti
onX3c onta
ins3.45go fsod
iumni t
rit
ein1l it
reofsolut
ion

146
 4. Soli
dM–Po t
assi
umnit
rat
e
5.So l
idY-(Oxal
icaci
d)
1. Yo uhavebee
np ro
vid
edwit
h:
(i)Sol
uti
onX1,aci
dif
i
edPota
ssi
umma
nga
nat
e(VI
I)s
olu
ti
on
(ii
)Solu
tio
nX2, 0.
1MF e
SO4
(ii
i)Sol
uti
onX3,Sodi
umNitr
it
e

Youar
erequ
iredt
o:
(a
)Stand
ardi
zeso
lut
ionX1,u
sin
gX2
(b
)Useexper
iment
alr
esul
tst
owr i
tei
oni
ceq
uat
io
nfo
rth
ere
act
io
nbe
twe
enma
nga
nat
e
(
VII
)io
nsandnit
rat
eions

Pr
ocedur
eI:
-
(
i) F i
llt
hebure
tt
ewi t
hs ol
uti
onX1
3
(
ii
) Pi pett
e25cmo fso l
uti
onX2int
o250mlco
nic
alf
la
sk
(
ii
i
) T i
tr
ateso
lut
ionX2wi t
hsolut
io
nX1unti
lapi
nkco
lourj
usta
ppea
r
(
iv
) Re cor
dyourres
u l
tsinta
ble1:
T
ABLE1
Fina
lbur
ett
ereadi
ng(cm3) I II III
Ini
ti
albu
rett
erea
ding(cm3)
VolumeofX1use
dc m3

Calcu
lat
io
ns :
(a
)Ca l
cul
atethea
verag
ev o l
umeofsol
uti
o nX1us
ed
2+ 3
(b)Cal
cul
atethenumbero fmol
esofFei n25c
mo fso
lut
ionX2u
sed
2+
(c
)Ifthera
tioMnO4-:Fe is1:
5,ca
lcu
latethec
onc e
ntr
ati
onofMnO4i
onsi
nmo
lesp
e m3
rd
Pr
oce
dureII:

(
i) Ri
nsetheconi
calf
la
skandref
ill
theburett
ewit
hsol
uti
onX1
(
ii
) Pi
pet
t m3o
e25c fX3i
ntoaclea
nc oni
calfl
ask
(
ii
i
) Warmthi
ssol
uti
ontoabout50oC(Note:Beacc
ura
tewit
htemp
erat
ure)
(
iv
) Ti
tr
atet
hesol
uti
onin(i
ii
)aboveagai
nstsol
uti
onX1fr
omthebur
ett
etoapi
nkc
olo
ur
(
v) Rec
ordyourr
esul
tsi
ntabl
eII.

Ca
lcu
lat
ions:
(a)Calcul
at
et heaveragev ol
umeo fX1used
(b)Calcul
at
et hen umbero fmolesof:
(i
)Sod i
umn i
tri
teino neli
treofsolut
ion(Na=23, N=14, O=16)
(i
i)Ni
tri
teionsin25c m3o fsol
utionX3used
(i
ii
)Mo l
esofso l
u t
io
nX1u sed
(
c)(i)Wo r
ko uttheapp r
ox i
materat
ioMn o4-:NO-2
(
ii
)Wr i
tedo wntheion i
ce q
u a
tio
nf o
rth erea
ctionbe
twee
naci
di
fi
edma
nga
nat
e
(
VII
)ion san dnit
ritei
on s
2.Youarep r
ovidedwithso l
idM. Youa r
erequiredt
o :
(i
)Carryouttestons ol
idM
(i
i)Recor
dy ouro b
servati
onsa ndinf
eren
cesa ccor
dingl
y.

Proce
dure:
-
1.(i
)Disso
lves
oli
dMi n15cm3ofdi
st
il
l
edwate
r.Div
idet
her
esu
lt
in
gso
lut
io
nin
tos
ixp
ort
io
ns.
Recor
dyourob
serva
ti
ons
(i
i
)Ad d3-4dr
opsofLea
dn i
tr
atet
othef
i
rstpor
ti
on

147
 (i
ii
)Add3-4dropsofBari
umnit
rat
esolut
iontothese
condport
io
n
(
iv
)Ad d3-
4d ro
psofsodi
umh ydr
oxi
deso l
ut
iontoth
ethi
rdport
ion
(
v)Dipagl
assrodint
othefour
thport
ion
. Heatt
heendofgl
assroddip
pedi
ntot
hesol
uti
on
i
nan on
-lumino
usfla
me
(v
i)Add4d r
opsofaci
dif
iedmanga
nate(VII
)tothef
if
thpor
ti
onan dwarmt
hemixt
ure

Q3.
1. So l
idY-1spat
ul
aful
2. So l
idZ -
1spa
tul
aful
3. 6t estt
ubes
4. 1r ed+1b l
uelit
muspap
ers
5. Me tall
i
cspatul
a
6. p Hpa pe
r
3. (a
)Yo
ua r
epr o
vide
dwithsol
idY

Youa
rer
equi
redto
:
(
i) Ca r
ryoutthet
estdes
cri
bedbel
owonsol
i
dY
(
ii
) Re cor
dyourobser
vat
ion
sandinf
er
enc
es
(
ii
i
) T es
tforan
yg a
s(es)pr
oduce
d

Pr
ocedur
e-
(
i) Pl aceaspatul
ao fsol
idYintoab oi
lin
g
(
ii
) Ad dabout15cm3o fdis
ti
ll
edwa te
ra ndshakewe l
l
(
ii
i) Di v
idet
her e
su l
ti
ngsolut
ionintofi
vep ort
io
ns
(
iv
) Us eauni
v e
rsali
ndicat
orpapertotestporti
onon eofthesolut
ion
(
v)Addas pa
tul
ao fso
d i
umc arbonat
etoth esecondport
ion
(
vi
)Addt hr
eedropsofPo t
assi
umma n ganat
e(VII)sol
uti
o ntot
h e3rdpor
tion
th
(
vi
i)Addthreedr
o p
so fbrominewatert
ot he4 p ort
ion.Wa r
mt hemi x
turei
fneces
sar
y
(
vi
ii
)Place2cm3ofethanolinatest
-t
u b
e .
Ad d2d ropsofconcentr
atedSulphur
ic(
VI)ac
id
a
n dthenaspatu
lae ndful
lofsoli
dY. Shakewe l
landwa r
mt hemi x
turecar
efu
ll
y,pou
r
3
t
hewa rmmi x
tur
ei nt
o25c mo fc oldwaterinabea ke
randn otethesmel
l

PRACTICAL9
CONF I
DENT I
AL
INSTUCTIONS.
Inaddi
ti
ontotheappa ratusandfit
ti
ngsfoundi
nt hel
abo
rat
orye
achc
and
ida
tes
hou
ldha
ve:
1.One25ml pi
pett
e
2.One3- wa ypipet
tefi
ll
er
3.One0- 50m/ sBu rr
ett
e
4.T wo250m/ sconic
alfl
ask
5.One100ml measuri
ngcyl
inder
6.One100ml gl
assbeaker
7.Onet he rmo meter(10oCt
- o110oC)
8.Ones t
o pwa tch/c l
ock
9.Onel ab el
10.One10m/ sme asuri
ngcyl
inder
11.Whitetile
12.250ml b eaker
13.Sta
nda ndc l
amp
14.10cm3o fsolu
tionA
3
15.80cmo fsol
uti
onB
16.160cm3o fsolut
ionC

148
 17.
200cm3d i
st
il
le
dwa te
rsu p
pli
edinwas
hbot
tl
e
3
18.
10cm Po t
ass
iumma nganat
e
19.
250cm31.0Ms ul
phuri
ca c
id
20.
75cm3ofsolut
io
nX
21.
About0.5gofsol
idK
22.
About0.5gofsol
idF
23.
Oneb l
ueandoner e
dlit
mu spap
ers
24.
Oneme t
a l
l
icspa
tula
25.
Sixdr
ya ndcl
eantest
-t
ubes
26.
Oneb o
il
ingtube
27.
About0.5gSodi
umhy drogencar
bona
te

ACCESST
O:
1.Sou rc eo fheat(Bunsenburner
)
2.Phe no lphthal
einindic
atorsuppl
i
edwithadro
pper
.
3.Solu tionQ( aq ueoussod
iums ul
pha
te)su
ppli
edwi
thad
rop
per
4.Acid i
fiedl ea
dI Init
rat
esu p
p l
i
edwit
had ro
pper
5.Etha no l
6.Co nc .H2SO4

NOT
E:
1.So l
uti
onAi s4.0mhc l
2.So l
uti
onBi s0.1mH2C2O4.2H2O
3.So l
uti
onCi s0.2mNa OH
4.So l
uti
onXi sma d
eb ydis
sol
ving5gofsuga
r(su
cro
se)i
n100m/sdi
sti
l
ledwa
ter
5.Po t
ass
iumMa ng a
nate(VII
)solu
ti
onDi smadebydi
ss
olv
ing3.
16goft
hesol
i
din
600cm3o fd
ist
il
ledwa t
eranddil
uti
ngto1li
tr
e.
6.So l
i
dKi sZincchlor
ide
7.So l
i
dFi soxal
icacid

Ques
ti
on1
Yo
ua r
eprovi
dedwit
h:
- AqueousHydro
chlo
rica
c i
dsol
ut
ionA
- Solut
io
nBc onta
ini
ng6.3gofdi
basi
cac
id,
H2C2O42H2Oi m3o
n500c fso
lut
io
n.
- Aqueoussodi
umh y
drox
idesol
ut
ionC
- Phenol
phtha
lei
nindi
cat
or

Youa
rere
qui
redt
o:
(a
)St
and
ardi
zet
hesodi
umh y
drox
ides
olut
ionC
(b
)Uset
hest
anda
rdi
ze
ds o
lut
ionCtodet
ermin
eth
eco
nce
ntr
ati
ono
fso
lut
io
nA

Pr
oced
ure1
- Fi
llt
hebure
tt
ewit
hs ol
uti
onB
- Usi
ngap i
pet
tea
ndp i
pet
tefi
ll
er
,pla
ce25. m3o
0c fs
olu
ti
onCi
nt
oa250ml
con
ica
lfl
ask
.
- Add2-3dro
psofPhenol
phth
alei
nindi
cat
or
- Ti
tr
ateso
lut
ionBagai
nstsol
uti
onC
- Repe
atthepr
oce
dureandcomplet
etabl
e1belo
w:

T
abl
e1
I I
I I
II
F
inalb
ure
tt
erea
din
gs(m3)
c
I
nit
i
albur
ett
ere
adi
ngs(
cm3)

149
 Vo
lumeo
fso
lut
io
nBu
sed(
cm3)

(a
)Calcu
lat
et heaver
agevo l
umeo fsolut
io
nBu sed
(b
)Calcul
atetheconcentr
ati
onofth edi
basi
ca c
id(C=12,H=1, O=16)
(c
)Calcu
lat
et hemo l
ari
tyofsol
uti
o nC
Proc
edure2
- Us i
n ga100c m3me as
uri
ngc yli
nder
,me a
sur
e90cm3ofdi
sti
ll
edwat
eran
dpla
ce
3
i
tintoa250c mb eake
r.
- Ad d10c m3ofaqueoushyd r
o c
hlor
icaci
dsol
uti
onA
3
- Us i
n ga10c m me as
uri
ngc yli
nder
,mixtheso
lut
io
nwe l
landl
abel
its
olu
ti
onD
- F i
llab ur
ett
ewithsolut
io
nD.
- Pipette25.0cm3of t
hesol
u t
ionCi nt
oa250cm3coni
calf
la
sk
- T i
tr
a t
eu s
ingp h
eno l
pht
hal
e i
nindicat
or
Recor
dyo u
rr es
ult
sintable2

T
abl
e2
I I
I I
II
3
Fi
nalbu
rett
erea
din
gs(c
m)
In
it
ia
lburet
ter
eadi
ngs(
cm3)
Vol
umeo fs
olu
ti
onDu s
ed(m3)
c

(
a)Ca
lcu
lat
eth
eav
eragev
olu
meo fso
lut
ionDused
(
b)Howmanymol
esofhy
droch
lor
icaci
dwerepr
ese
nti m3o
n100c fso
lut
io
nD
(
c)Ca
lcu
lat
eth
emola
ri
tyoft
heori
gina
lsol
ut
ionAused

Qu
est
ion2
Youar
epr
ovid
edwith:
- 1.
0Ms ul
phur
icaci
d
- Po
tass
iumma ng
anat
e(VI
I)s
olu
ti
onD
- Aque
ousglu
cose,s
olu
ti
onX

Youarer
e q
uiredt
o :
Det
ermin
et herat
eofre
act
ionbet
wee
nac
idi
f
iedp
ota
ssi
umma
nga
nat
e(VI
I)a
nda
que
ous
gl
ucoseatdi
ffe
rentt
emper
atur
es.

Pr
oced
ure
- Pla
ce2c m3o fsol
uti
onDintoa250ml be
a k
e r
.Usin
ga100ml measuri
ngc yl
i
nder,
3
a
dd50c m o f1.
0M Sulph
u r
icaci
dtothebeakercont
ai
ni
ngs ol
uti
onD.
- Heatthemi xt
uretoabo
ut65oC,add15cm3o fsol
ut
ionXandstar
tas t
opwa t
chimmedi
at
el
y.
- Sti
rthemi xtu
reusin
gathermometera
ndn otethet
imeandtempera
tureatwhic
hthe
c
olouro f
themi x
tur
echangesfr
omp ur
pletocolou
rle
ss.
- Clea
nt heb ea
kerandrep
eatthepr
ocedur
ea tte
mp er
atu
res
,60oC,55oC,50oC
o
and45Ct oc o
mp l
etet
abl
e3b el
ow:-

T
abl
e3
o
T
emp
era
tur
ebe
for
emi
xi
ng(C) 60 55 50 45

150
 o
Temp e
ratu
rewhens
olu
ti
onb
eco
mesc
olo
url
ess(C)
Time(second
s)
1 -
1
/t
ime(
s )

1
(a
)Plotag ra
p hof /t(
y -
axis)agai
nstthete
mp er
atureatt
hep oi
ntwh enthesol
utio
nb ec
omes
colour
less
(b
)F r
omy o urgr
aph, det
ermi netheti
methatthereact
ionwo ul
dtakeift
het e
mp er
atu
reat
whi
c ht hesolut
ionb ecome scolo
urle
ssis42.5oC
(c
)Explai
nt heshapeo fyourg rap
h
Qu
est
ion3.
Youarep r
o v
idedwith:
- So li
dK
Proce
du r
e
Carr
yo utthetest
sbe l
ow. Re c
o r
dy ou
ro b
servat
io
n sandinf
erence
sint h
es pac
esprovi
ded.
(a
)He atabouthal
f s
p a
tulae ndfullo
fsoli
dKi nacleantes
ttube,heatgent
lythenst
rongl
y.
Tes
ta n
yg asp r
oducedu singb l
uelit
musp a
pers.
(b
)Dissolvetherema i
ningso l
idKinab oil
i
ngt ub
ei nabout10cm3o fdi
sti
ll
edwa t
erand
usethes ol
uti
onf orthetestsbel
ow:
(i
)Toa bout2cm3o fsoluti
o nK,addaqueouspo t
ass
iumh ydr
oxi
d edropwis
eu nt
ili
nexce
ss
(ii
)Toa bout2cm3o fsoluti
o nK,addabout5cm3o fsol
uti
onQ( aqueoussulp
h a
te)
(
ii
i
)T oab ou
t3c m3o ftheso l
uti
onK,adda b
ou t6cm3ofaci
dif
iedleadIInit
rat
e

Youarep rov
ide dwith:
o So lidF
Pro
cedu r
e
Addabo ut10cm3o fdi
sti
ll
edwat
eri
ntohal
fspat
ul
ae n
df ul
lofs
oli
dFinab oi
li
ngtub
e
andsh akethoro ug
h l
y.
(
c)T
oa bout2c m3o fsolut
ionF,addt
hewholeofs
odiumhydrogencar
bonat
e
3
(
d)Toabou t2cmo fso
luti
onF ,
addabo
ut5d r
opsofaci
di
fie
dp ot
ass
iumma n
ganat
e(VII
)th
en
war
mt hemi xture.
(
e)Plac
ea bout5cm3o fetha
nolinat
est
-t
ubeandadddropsofconc
entr
ate
dsulp
huri
cacidt
hen
addtherema i
n i
n gso l
i
dF .Warmt
hemixt
u r
ecar
eful
ly
.Shakewellandpou
rthemixt
urei
nto
20cm3o fwa t
e rinab eak
er

PRACTICAL10
CONF I
DENT I
AL
INSTRUCTIONS.
Inaddi
ti
ontoordinar
ya ppara
tu si
nthelabora
tor
yeachcand
ida
tewi
l
lre
qui
re
;
1.2gSo l
idA
2.100c m3s olut
ionB-Hy drochl
ori
caci
d
3
3.200c ms olut
ionC -So d i
umhydrox
ide
4.Bu ret
te
5.Pip e
tt
e
6.T wo250ml conical
fla
sk
7.Me t
hylo r
angeindicat
or
8.100ml me as
uringcyli
nder
9.10ml me as
uri
ngc yl
inder
10.Dist
il
ledwa t
er
11.Me a
nso fl
abelli
ng
12.30cm3s olut
ionS
13.50cm3s olut
ionS-Hy dr
ochl
o r
icac
id

151
 14.
50cm3s ol
uti
onT -
Sodi
umhyd
rox
ide
15.
Tentesttub
e s
16.
Rack
17.
100ml
18.
Thermome t
er
19.
Sourceofheat
20.
Soli
dU
21.
Spat
u la
22.
Reda ndblueli
tmusp
aper
23.
Fil
te
rf unnel
24.
Fil
te
rp aper

Acce
sstothefol
l
owing:
-
 2MSo diumhy d ro
x i
de
 2Mp ota
ssiumi odine
 2MNi t
ricaci
d
 2MAmmo niahy droxi
de
 So li
dA–Pe rs tudentme as
ure[
0.32gCaCO3+1.68NaCl
]
 So lut
io
nB-[ 0.5MHCl ]
 So lut
io
nC-[ 0.4MNa OH]
 So lut
io
nS- [1.0MHCl ]
 So lut
io
nT-[ 1. 0MNa oH]
 So li
dU-[ Ones pat
ulaCuCO3+o nesp
atul
aPb(
NO3)2
QUESTION1.
Yo
uarepro
videdwit
h:
 2gofanimpurecal
ci
umc ar
bonate
,so li
dA
 Hydr
ochlor
ic
 Hydr
ochlor
icaci
d,s
o l
ut
ionB
 16gperli
tr
esolu
ti
ono fs
odi
umh y
dro xi
d e
, s
oluti
onC

Youarereq
uir
edtod e
ter
mine;
- Co ncent
rat
io
no fsol
uti
onBinmo l
esperl
itr
e
- Pe r
cent
ageof t
hecar
bonat
einmixt
ureA
PROCEDUREI :
Pi
pet
te25.0cm3ofsol
uti
onCintoa250ml f
l
ask.
Add2-3d
ropsofme
thy
lor
angei
ndi
cat
or.
Ti
tr
atesol
uti
onCwi t
hthehydro
chl
ori
cacidsol
ut
ionB.
Repea
tth
ispr
oce
dur
etwomoret
imes
an
dr ec
ordyourres
ult
sinta
bleIbel
ow:-

T
abl
eI:-
Ti
tr
ati
on I I
I I
II
Fi
nalbur
ett
erea
din
g(m3)
c
In
it
ial
buret
ter
eadi
ng(
cm3)
Vol
umeo fs
olu
ti
onB(cm3)u
sed

Cal
cul
at
io
n s
:-
(a
) ( i
)Calc
ula
tetheave
ragevolumeofsol
uti
onBu s
ed
(i
i
)Ca l
cul
at
ethenumb erofmole
sofsodiumhydr
oxi
deso
lut
io
nCpipet
te
d
(i
i
i)Cal
cul
atethenumberofmo l
esofhydr
ochl
ori
caci
dsol
ut
ionBt
hatre
act
ed
withsodi
umh y
droxid
ei n(
a)(i
i
)above
(i
v)Cal
cul
atethemola
rit
yo fhy
droc
h l
ori
caci
dsol
uti
onB

152
 PROCEDUREI I:
(a
) Pl aceallt
he2go f s
oli
dap rov
idedi
ntoaco ni
calf
l
a s
ka ndadd25.0cm3o fhydr
ochlor
ic
aci
dsolut
ionBt oitusin
gac lea
np i
pet
te.Swir
ltheconten
tsoft
h ef
laskv i
gorous
lyunti
l
ef
fer
vesce
ncestops.Usinga100ml measu
ringcyl
inder
,add175cm3o fd i
sti
ll
edwa t
erto
makeupthes ol
uti
onu pto200cm3o fs
oluti
on.La
b e
l t
hi
ss ol
ut
ionD. Usingacleanpip
ett
e,
tr
ansf
er25.0cm3o fs
o l
ut
ionDi nt
oac oni
calf
las
ka ndadd2-3dropso fmethylor
angeindi
cat
or.
Ti
tra
tesol
utio
nDwi t
hs odi
umh ydr
oxid
es ol
uti
onC. Repea
ttheproceduretwomo reti
mesand
re
cordyourinthetabl
eIIbelow:-
ta
bleII
:
Ti
tr
ati
on I II II
I
3
Fi
nalbure
tt
ereading(cm)
In
it
ialbur
ett
ereadi
n g(cm3)
Vol
umeo fsol
uti
onC( cm3)u s
ed

(
b)(i
)Ca l
cul
atethea verag
ev ol
umeo fsolut
ionCu sed
(i
i
)Ca l
cula
tethen u mberofmo le
so fsodi
umh ydroxi
desolut
io
nCp resen
tinthea v
era
g ev
olu
me
(i
i
i)Calcul
atethen umb e
ro fmo l
esofhydrochl
oricaci
dp r
esenti
ntheori
ginal200cm3
ofsol
utionD
(i
v)Calcul
at
eth en umb e
rofmo lesofhydrochl
ori
ca ci
dso l
ut
ionBc on
tai
nedintheo r
igi
nal
3
25.0cmo fsolut
ionBu sed
(
v)Cal
c ul
at
ethemo lesofcalc
iumc ar
b onat
ethatre
a ct
edwithhydro
chlor
icaci
dso l
uti
onD
(
vi
)Calcula
tethema sso fcal
ciumc ar
bo n
atein2go fsol
idA
(
vi
i)Calcul
at
eth ep e
rcentageofcalc
iumc ar
bo n
atepresenti
nthemixtur
e(sol
idA)
2. Yo uareprov
idedwi t
h: -
 So l
uti
ono fhyd r
oc hl
ori
cac i
d,S
 1.0Ms olut
iono fsodiumh ydr
o x
ide,sol
uti
onT
Youar
ereq ui
re
dto :
(i
)Cal
cul
atetheheato fmo l
ari
tyofh y
d r
ochlor
icaci
d ,
soluti
onS
(i
i
)Deter
mi n
etheh eatofr e
acti
onf o
rmo leofhydrochl
oricaci
dwithsodi
umh ydrox
ide.

PROCEDURE
I. Plac
es i
xtesttubesonat esttuberack.Us i
nga10ml me as
urin
gc y
li
nder,
me as
ureand
pour5c m3ofso l
uti
onTi ntoeacho ft
het es
ttubes
II. Me a
sure20.0cm3o fsolut
ionSa ndp ourintoa100ml beak
er.Measur
ethetempera
tur
e
o
fthi
ss ol
utio
na ndrec o
rdintabl
eI IIbel
o w.
III
. Po urthefir
stporti
ono fthe5cm3o fsol
utionTintothebeakercont
ai
ningthe20.
0cm3
ofsol
uti
onS. Sti
rthemi xtu
rec a
ref
u l
l
yu singat h
ermome te
randrecor
dtheh i
ghest
t
emperat
u r
ereachedint a
bleIII
.
IV. Po urthesecondp ort
ionimme di
atelyint
ot hemixt
ureinthebeaker
,st
ircar
eful
l
ya n
d
re
cordtheh i
ghesttemp e
ratur
eintab l
eIIIconti
nuethispro
cedurewit
htheremaini
ng
porti
onso fsol
uti
onTt oc omple
teta b
leIII.
Tabl
eIII:
(a)
Tit
rat
ion 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
3
Volumeo fsol
u t
ionTa dded(cm)
Volumeo fsol
u t
ionsS+T( cm3)
o
Temperatur
eo fmixtur
e( C)
(c
)F r
omt hegraph,determine
:-
(
i)Thevol
umeo fs
o l
uti
onTr equir
edtor eactcomple
tel
ywi t
hs o
luti
onS
(
ii
)Thehighestte
mp eratur
ech an
ge,T

153
 (d
)Cal
culat
etheheatchangeforther e
a c
tio
n;
-
1o -1 3
(Hea
tchange=Mx4. 2Jg C xt , a
ssumethed e
nsit
yofthesol
uti
ontobe1g/c
m)
(e
)Cal
cula
tethenumb e
ro fmoleso fth
es odi
umh ydro
xidesol
uti
onTu s
edinthee
xper
imen
t
(f
)Cal
cul
atet
hen umberofmo l
eso ftheh ydr
ochlor
icaci
d,so
lut
ionSu s
edinthee
xper
iment
(g
)Deter
minetheheatofreact
ionp ermo l
eofh y
drochl
ori
cacid
,solu
ti
onS
3. Youar
ep r
ovi
dedwithsoli
dU, carryo utt
hetestbel
ow.Recordyourobs
erv
ati
onsand
i
nfe
ren
cesintheta
ble.I
d e
n t
if
yan yg as
(es)evo
lved.

(
a)Heatas pa
tulaendful
lofmixt
ureUinatesttu
be.
3
(
b)(Disso
lveap ar
tofmixt
ureUina b
ort10cmo fdis
ti
ll
edwat
er
(
c)Fil
tert
hemi xt
ureandret
ainbot
hfil
tra
teandthere
sid
ue.Di
vid
ethef
i
lt
rat
ein
tot
wop
ort
io
ns.
(i
)T othefi
rstport
io
n,addsodiu
mh ydrox
idedropwis
eunti
li
nexc
ess
i
i)Totheseco n
dp or
ti
on,addPotas
siu
mi odi
desol
uti
on

(
d)Divi
det
heresi
dueint
otwop ar
ts
:-
(i
)Puton
ep ar
tinates
ttubeandadddi
l
uteni
tr
ica
cidu n
ti
lther
esi
duej
ustdi
ss
olv
es
(i
i
)Divi
detheres
ult
in
gs o
luti
onint
otwopar
ts
.Topartone,a
dddil
ut
esodi
umh y
drox
ides
olu
ti
on
dr
opwiseunti
li
ne xc
ess
(i
i
i)Topar
ttwo,addaque
ousammo ni
adropwi
seunt
ilinexc
ess

PRACTICAL11
CONF I
DENT I
AL
INSTRUCTIONS.
Inaddi
ti
ontocommonfit
tings,apparat
u sandc hemic
alsfo
un dint
heschool
labo
rat
ory
.
Eachcandi
dat
ereq
uir
es:
-
1.50. 0ml buret
te
2.250ml pipett
e
3.Pi pett
efil
ler
4.T wo25. 0ml conicalfl
asks
5.Ac l
e a
nme t
alli
cs pat
ula
6.Oneb o i
l
ingtu be
7.Awhi teti
le/plai
np aper(whit
e)
8.Ei ghtcleandryt es
t-t
ubeso narack
9.1. 5go fcarbonateA-a cc
u r
ate
lyweighedandpla
cedinast
oppe
redt
est
-t
ube
10.75cm3o f0.1Ms odiumhy dro
xidela
be l
edC
11.75cm3o f1M hy drochlo
ricaci
dlabel
eds o
lut
io
nB
12.10ml me asur
ingc yli
nder
13.Onef i
lte
rp aper
14.Af i
lt
erfunnel
15.Ag las
sr od
16.45cm3o f0. 42Mg lucos
e,labe
ledX
17.130c m3o f2.0MH2SO4l abel
le
dZ
18.10ml of0.04MKMnO4l abell
edY
19.Stopwa tch/stopclock
20.Thermo me t
er(-10oC–110oC)
21.100ml me asuri
ngc yli
nder
22.SolidK(ab out2g )
23.Disti
ll
edwa terinawa s
hb ott
le
24.A250ml volume t
ricfl
ask(one)
25.Me ansoflabe l
i
ng( one)

154
 Ac
ces
stothefoll
owing :-
1.Bu nsenb u r
ner
2.Phe nol
p hthale
inindic
atorsol
uti
onsuppli
edwit
had ro
pper
3.T r
ipodsta ndandawi reg a
uze
4.2.0MNa OHs uppli
edwi t
had r
opper
5.2.0MHCl
6.2.0MHNO3s uppl
iedwithad r
opper
7.0.5MBa Cl 2sup
plie
dwi thadropp
er
8.Ca l
ciumhy drox
idesoluti
oninastop
p e
redcont
aine
r
9.2.0Ma mmo ni
aso l
uti
ons upp
li
edwithadrop
p e
r
10.0.
05Mp o tas
si
umi odi
d esol
uti
onsuppl
iedwit
had r
opper

Pr
epa
rati
ono fchemic
als
(i
) So l
idA–Ca lc
iumCarbonat
e
(i
i) So l
idK–Mi xt
ureofLead(I
I)c
arb
ona
teandsod
iums
ulp
hat
eint
her
ati
o1:
1
1. Yo
uarepro v
idedwit
h:
 1.5gofme tal
Carbonat
eA
 75cm3o f1Mh ydroc
h l
ori
caci
dlabel
le
dB
3
 75cmo f0.1Ms od
iumh ydr
oxi
delabe
ll
edC
Yo
uarereq u
ire
dtod et
ermin
ethemo l
armassoft
hec
arb
o n
ate

Procedur
eI
Transf
ercar
eful
l
yalls
olidAintoaclea
n250ml vo
lumetri
cfl
ask.Add50cm3oftheaci
dlab
ell
ed
Bi nt
othefl
askcont
ai
ningthecarbona
te.Waitunti
lthereac
ti
oniscomplet
e
(Nomo reef
fer
vesc
encetakespl
ace)
Qu
est
io
n 1.
(a)Fin
dthemo l
esofhydroc
h l
ori
caci
dp r
esentin50cm3o fsol
uti
onB
Procedur
eII
Wh enthere
acti
oniscomp l
ete
,add100cm3o fdis
ti
ll
edwa te
rtothecont
entsoft
hefla
skandshak
e.
Ad dmo r
edi
sti
ll
edwatertotopth
es ol
ut
iontothema r
k .L
a b
elitass
olut
io
nD. Pi
p e
tt
e25cm3ofsol
ut
io
n
Di nt
oa250c m3ofconi
calfl
askandti
tr
atewithsol
uti
o nCu si
ng1to2dropsofphenol
pht
hal
ein
i
n dic
ator
.Recor
dyourresul
tsinta
ble1below.Repeatthi
sp r
ocedur
etoobtai
n
accurat
eval
ues:

I I
I I
II
3
Fi
nalbu
rett
erea
din
g(c
m)
In
it
ia
lburet
ter
eadi
ng(
cm3)
Vol
umeo fs
olu
ti
onCused(
cm3)

(
b)De
ter
min
eth
eav
era
gev
olu
meo
fso
lut
io
nCu
sed

(c
)(i)Ca l
cul
atethevol
umeo fsodi
umh ydr
oxi
det ha
two ul
dreactwi
th250cm3ofthed
il
ute
dac
id
(ii
)Ca l
culat
ethemo l
esofsodiu
mh ydrox
idesol
uti
onCi nthevol
umeo bt
ai
nedinc(
i)
Above
(
d)Writ
ed owne quat
ionforth
ereacti
onbetweenhydroc
hlor
icaci
dands odi
umh y
drox
ide
(
e)Howma n ymo l
eso f
h yd
rochl
ori
ca c
idarel
eftaf
te
rthereact
io
nwi t
htheme t
alca
rbona
teA
(
f)Cal
cul
atethemo le
so fhydr
ochl
oricaci
dthatre
acte
dwith1.5gofthemetalCar
bona
teA
(
g)(i
)Writ
ed ownt heioni
ce quat
io
nb e
tweencarbo
nateandhydroc
hlori
caci
d
(
ii
)Cal
culatemo l
esofcarbon
ateA
(i
i
i)Cal
cu l
atethemo l
armssofthecarbona
teA

155
2. Youa r
ep r
ov i
dedwi th:-
- 2. 0Ms ulphuric(VI)aci
dsolut
ion
, so l
uti
onZ
- 0. 42Mg l
ucose,s ol
uti
onX
- 0. 04Mp otassiumma ng
anate(
VII)s ol
utionY
Youa r
er e
qu i
redtod eter
minetherat
eo fre
a c
tionbet
we e
na qu
eousglucosesoluti
onand
acidi
fi
edp otas
siumma nganat
e(VII
)a td i
ff
erenttemper
atur
es.
Procedure
Pl
ace1c m3o fsoluti
onYi nt
oac oni
cal f
lask.Usinga100cm3me as
uringcylin
de radd
25cm3o fsolut
ionZt ot h
ec on
icalf
la
skc ont
aini
n gsol
uti
onY.Wa r
mt hemi xt
ureto
about70oC.Stopwa rmingandall
owth emi xt
u r
etoc o
ol.Whenthetemp e
ratur
ei sexac
tly
o 3
65Ca dd7.5cmo f
s ol
uti
onXa ndst
a rtthestopwa t
chimmediat
el
y.Stirt
h emixtur
ewi t
ha
th
ermo meterandme asur
etheti
met akenf orthecolo
urofthemixt
uretoch angefro
mp u r
plet
o
col
ourless
.Re c
o rdthetimeintabl
e2b elowalsorecor
dthetemper
atureatwh i
cht hemixt
uretu
rns
col
ourless
.Cleant hec oni
calf
la
skandr e p
eatthep r
ocedur
eattemperatur
eo f60oC, 55oC50oC
and45oCi nst
eado f65oC.

(
a)Cal
cul
at
e1/tmea
i n dcompl
etet
hetabl
e
T
able2 (
6mk
s)
o
Temp eratu
rebef
oremix
ing(C) 65 60 55 50 45
Temp eratu
rewhensol
uti
on
o
bec omescolou
rle
ss(C)
Timei nseconds
1 -
1
/t
ime(
s )

(b
)Pl otagrapho f1/me(
t
i y-
axis)againstthet empera t
u r
ea tthep ointwh e nthesolut
ionb ecome s
Co l
ourle
ss
(c)Fromy ourg r
a ph,determineth etimet h a
tther eacti
o nwo uldta keifthetemp er
aturea t
wh ichthes olut
ionb ecome sco l
o urlessis52.5oC
(d
)F romy ourgraph,d ete
rmi nether ateo freac
tioni ft
h etemp eraturea twh i
chthes o
luti
o n
bec omesco l
ourles
si s47oC
(e)Ex pl
ai
nt heshapeo fyo urgraph
3. Youa reprovi
dedwi thmi xtureK.Yo ua rer equi
redt op erf
ormt estso nth emixturei
no rderto
determineit
sc omp osi
tion.Re co
rdy o uro bserv
ationsa ndinferenc esint hei
rspacesprovided:-
(a
)Pl aceas pat
ulao fKo nawh it
et il
ea ndo bserveitsa ppearance:-
(b)Placether e
ma ini
n gpo r
tionofKi nab oi
li
ngt ubea nda dd10c m3o fd i
sti
ll
edwa ter
.
Shakev i
gorously,fi
lt
era ndretainb otht heresiduea ndfil
trate
(i
)Di vi
dethefil
trat
ei nto3p ortions.T othefir
s tpo r
ti
o nso di
umh y d
ro xi
ded rop-
wiseu nti
le x
cess
(i
i)Dipo neendo fame tal
li
cs patulain2MHCl andh eatitinaBu nse nburnerfl
amef oraf ew
seco
n dsanda l
lowi ttoc ool.Sco opal i
tt
leo fthes oluti
onf romt h esecondpo r
ti
o nwi t
ht he
heat
ede ndo fthesp at
u l
aan dp laceitastheh ot
testpa r
to fthen o n-
luminousfl
ame .
(i
ii
)T othethir
dp orti
o nad d3-4d ro pso fdi
luteHNO3(aq)fo l
lowe db y3- 4dropsofBa Cl2(
aq)
(c
)Sc raptheresi
d uefromt hefil
terp apera ndp l
ac eah alfofitinac l
eand rytesttube.
Ad da b
out3c m3o f2MHNO3. T estfora nygasp ro ducedb yus eo fcalci
umh ydr
oxide
solut
iono nag lassrod .Pres
er vethes o l
uti
onf oru seinp r
o cedure( d)below:-
(d
)Ad da bout3cm3o fd is
til
ledwa tertot hes ol
utiono btain
edi n( c)abo veands haketomi x.
Di vi
detheso l
utioninto3p or
tions
(i
)T othefir
stp or
tion,ad dsodiumh yd ro
xided rop-wiseu nt
iline xces s
(i
i)Tothes econdp orti
on ,adda mmo niasoluti
o nd r
o p-
wi s
eu n t
iline xcess
(i
ii
)T othethir
dp orti
o n,add2- 3dro pso fpot
ass i
umi o di
des olution

PRACT
ICAL12
CONF
IDENT
IAL

156
I
NST
UVTIONS.
Youarepr
ovi
dedwit
h:
- 25cm3of0.2MCo ppe r
(I
I)su
lpha
tesol
ut
ion
- 0.
5go fmet
a lA
- 0.
5go fmet
a lB
- Onether
mo meterof-10to110oCra
nge
- Two100cm3p l
asti
cb eak
ers
Youarer
equi
re
dtod e
terminethemo l
arent
hal
pychan
gefo
rme
tal
Aan
dBa
nda
rra
nget
hemi
nor
dero
f
re
a c
ti
vi
ty

Proce
dure
1. a
)Usingthether
mometerprovi
ded, t
a ket
heini
ti
alt
emper
atu
reofcoppe
r(II
)sul
phat
esolu
ti
on
an
dr ec
ordyourre
sult
sintableAb el
ow
b)Addallt
he0.5gofmetalAintoco pper(I
I)s
ulpha
tesol
ut
ion;
sti
rth
emi x
tur
eforabou
t5mi nu
tes
.
Usingather
mo met
erandr e
cordt hefin
alte
mp e
rat
ure(
hig
hestt
emperat
ure
)inta
bleAbelo
w:
TABLEA;
Init
ia
ltemper
atu
reo fCUSO4(aq)(C)
Finalt
empera
tur
eo fCUSO4(aq)(C)
o
Temp e
ratu
rechangeT( C)

Que
sti
on2;
2. a )Usi
ngat h
ermometert
akein i
tialt
emper
atu
reofan
other25c
m3f r
eshsa
mp l
eofco
ppe
r(I
I)
s
u l
phat
esolut
io
nintheplasticbeake
randrec
ordyou
rr e
sul
tsi
ntabl
eBb e
low;
TABLEB;
In
iti
alt
emperat
ureofCUSO4(aq)(C)
Fi
nalte
mp er
atu
reofCUSO4(aq)(C)
Temper
atur
ec h
angeT(c)

a
) i)St
ateandexpl
ainwhethe
rtherea
c t
io
n sabovebetweenme tal
sAa ndB
wit
hc oppe
r(I
I)s ul
phat
eareendothe
rmico rexot
he r
mic
ii
)Calcu
lat
ethemo l
esofcopperi
onspresentin25cm3o f0.2Mc opp
e r(I
I)sul
pha
te
s
olut
ion
b
) i
)Calcul
atet
heen t
halp
yc h
angethatoccurswhen25c m3o fcoppe
r(II
)s ol
uti
on
-1-
re
actswit
hme tal
A. (
Speci
f
icheat–c ap
a c
it
yo ft
h esol
ution=4.2Jg K1,
3
Densi
tyoft
h esol
uti
on=1g /c
m
ii
)Deter
minethemo l
arent
halpych
a ngefortherea
ctionofcopper(I
I)sul
p h
ate
sol
uti
onwith me t
alA

c)i)Ex pla
inthesig
nifi
canceofusingp owderedme t
alsAa n
dBi nthi
se x
peri
ment
i
i)Recordthecol
ouro ft
hep owd er
e dmetal
sAa ndB
d)Stateandexplai
nma j
orob s
ervati
on sma d
ewh e
nme talArea
ctswit
hc opp
er(I
I)
sulphat
es ol
uti
on
e)i
)De terminethemolarent
h a
lpyc hangeforthereact
ionofmetalBwith25cm3of0.2Mcoppe
r
J-1- 1 3
(
II
)s u
lphatesol
uti
on(C=4. 2gK, De n
sit
yo fsol
ut
ion=1g /cm, RAMo fmeta
lB=65)
ii
)Arrangeme t
alsAandBi no r
dero freacti
vi
tyb e
ginni
ngwiththemo r
ereact
iv
eo n
e.Gi
vea
re
a s
o nforyourans
we r
Ques
ti
on2
Youa reprovi
dedwith;
- So l
uti
onC, 0.1Mh ydrochl
orica c
id
- So l
uti
onD, MOH(aq)s
o l
uti
ono fu nknownc oncen
trat
ion
- Ph enol
phthal
eneindi
cator
Yo
ua r
erequir
edtos t
andardi
zesolu
tionDu si
ngs ol
uti
o nCandt odet
ermineth
ev al
ueofMinthef
ormul
a

157
MOH(aq)
Pr
ocedure
1. a )Pipet
te25cm3ofsol
uti
onDintotheconi
calf
la
sk.
Usingadro
ppe
r,a
dd2d
rop
s
o
fphenol
phth
a l
enei
ndic
ato
rtosolut
io
nD
b )Fi
ll
thebur
ett
ewi t
hsol
uti
onCa ndcorr
ectt
othe“O”mark
c)T i
tr
ates
olu
tionCa g
ain
stsol
ut
ionD

2. Re
pea
tproc
edure1(a
),(
b)and(c)t
wiceandre
cordy
ourr
esu
lt
sinat
abl
eofr
esu
lt
sbe
low;
Tabl
eo fr
esul
ts
Expe
ri
me nt I II III
3
Fi
nalvol
umeo fs
olu
ti
onC( cm)
In
it
ialv
o l
umeofsol
uti
onC(cm3)
Vol
umeo fsol
ut
ionCused(cm3)

a
)Volumeo fpi
p e
tt
eu sed__________________ _________c m3
b
)Calcul
atetheaveragevolumeofsol
u t
io
nCu sedinthi
se xperi
men t
c
)Calcul
atethenumb erofmo l
esofsol
uti
o nCu sedinthi
se xper
iment
d
)Giventhatsol
uti
o nCi shydroc
hlor
icacidwh i
l
es ol
uti
onDi sMOH( theb a
se)
,
i)Writ
eac hemicalequati
ontoshowt hereact
ionofsol
u tio
nCwi thD
ii
)Wr i
tetheioni
ce quati
onforther
e a
cti
o nofsolu
tio
nCwi thDi nd(i)above
i
ii
)Fromt hereac
tioneq u
ati
onwr i
tt
enind (i
)above,de
terminethemo lesofsol
ut
io
nDt
hat
r
eact
edwi t
hs ol
uti
o nC
e
) i)De t
erminethemo lar
it
yofsolu
ti
o nD( i
.e.MOH(aq))use
dint hi
se x
peri
ment

ii
)Gi
venthat6016gofsoli
dMOH(s)weredi
ssol
vedindi
st
il
l
e dwate
randmadet
o1li
tr
e,ca
lcu
lat
e
th
erela
ti
v emole
cula
rma sso
fMOH(s)
i
i
i)F r
omy o
ura n
sweri
ne( ii
)above
,det
ermin
ethev a
lueofMinth
efo
rmul
aMOH
Ques
ti
on3.
Yo
ua r
eprov
ide
dwi thsol
i
dE. Carr
youtt
h efo
llo
wingtes
tsonsol
idEs oast
otrya
ndfi
ndo
utth
eionspre
sen
t
i
nsoli
dE

Co
mpl
et
eth
eta
b l
eb e
lowtos ho
wy ou robse r
vati
onandinfer
ence( c
oncl
usi
ons
)
Experi
me nt Obs
erv
ati
on I
nfe
ren
ce
a)Ob s
ervesolidEa ndr e
co rdyourfi
ndings
b)Dissol
ves oli
dEi nab out¾o fdi
st
il
ledwa t
erina
boi
li
ngtu beandd i
v i
det heso l
ut
ionint
o5p ortion
sin
5t e
sttubes
i
)T opo r
ti
on1a ddNa OH(aq)dropwisetoexcess
i
i)Top ort
io
n2a ddNH3(aq)d ropwisetoexces
s
i
ii)Toporti
on3a ddaf ewd ropsofBa(NO3)2f
oll
o wed
byfewd ropso fdi
lut
eHNO3( a)
q
i
v)T oport
ion4a ddlead(II)Nitra
tedropwisefol
lowed
byd i
l.HNO3(aq)
v)Top or
ti
on5d ipaloo pedn i
ch r
omewi r
etoitan dput
thewireintheBu nsenf l
ame

PRACT
ICAL13
CONFIDENTI
AL

158
I
NST
RUCTI
ONS
Ea
chst
ude
nts
hou
ldb
ep ro
videdwith:
1.100c m3o fsoluti
onM2
3
2.80c mo fsoluti
onM1
3.50c m3o fsoluti
onM3
4.Pi p
ette(25ml )
5.Bu rett
e( 50mls )
6.Me thylOr angeindicat
orwit
hadr
opp
er
7.T woc onicalfl
asks
8.F i
lt
erfunne l
9.Me asuringc yl
inder(10mls)
10.Measuringc yl
inder(50mls)
0
11.Thermome ter(-10to110c )
12.100ml sp l
asti
cb eaker
13.3testtub e
sinat esttu
berack
14.1Bo i
li
ngt ube
15.Soli
dW.( Ones pat
u l
aful
l
)

Ac
ces
sto
:
1.2MNa OH(a)wi
q t
had r
opper
2.2MNH3( a
q) w i
thadro
pper
3.1MBa Cl
2w it
had roppe
r
4.2MHNO3wi thad r
opper
5.Dist
il
l
edwa t
e ri
nawa shbot
tl
e

No
te:
1.So l
uti
onM1isprepa
redbymixi
ng53gofSo
diu
mCa
rbo
nat
eand42go
fSo
diu
mChl
ori
des
oli
d
a
ndd i
sso
lve
dtoma keoneli
tr
esol
ut
ion.
2.M2i s1MHy dr
ochl
ori
ca c
id.
3.M3i s1MSo d
iumHy dr
oxid
e.
4.So l
i
dWi sAlumini
umNi t
rat
e

1. Youa
repro
vide
dwiththef
ol
lowi
ngsol
ut
ions
:-
-M1con
tai
ni
ng95go fami
xtur
eofso
diumcar
bon
atean
dsodi
umc h
lor
idep
erl
i
treo
fso
lut
io
n.
-M2whi
chis1MHCL .
Youa
retodet
ermi
netheper
cent
ageo
fsodi
umchl
ori
deint
hemix
tur
e.

Proce
edasf o
llo
ws:
Pip
ett
e25c m3o fM1a ndti
tr
atewit
hM2fromb uret
teusing3–4d ro
psofmet
hylor
ang
e
i
n d
icat
or.Stopti
tr
ati
ngwh enap e
rmanen
tpinkc o
lourappear
s.Re
peatt
heex
peri
menta
nd
comple
tethetabl
eb el
ow.
TABLE1
I II I
II
3)
Fi
nalburet
teread
ing(cm
Ini
ti
alburet
tere
ading(cm3)
Vol
umeo fM2u sed(cm3)
a)Dete
rminetheaveragevol
umeo fM2used
. Showy ourworki
ngs
.
b)Deter
minethen umberofmo l
esofM2used.
c)Writ
edo wnanion i
cequati
onfort
hesubst
a n
cesthatreac
t.
d)Deter
minethen umberofmo l
esoft
hebaseu s
ed.

159
 e)Ca l
culat
et h
ec oncentrati
ono fsodi
umc arbonat
e.
f)Determinethema sso fsodiu
mc ar
bona t
ein1l i
tr
eo ft
hesolut
ion
.
(Na=23, C=12, O=16)
g)De t
ermi n
et h
ep ercentageofs od
iumc hlor
ideinthemixt
ure.
2. Youa reprovide
dwi thth efol
lowingsol
u ti
ons:
-
-1MHCl solut
ionM2
-1MNa OHs oluti
onM3
Youa reexpectedtode t
ermineth emolarheatofneutral
i
zat
ionofhydr
ochlor
ica ci
d.
Proceeda sfol
lows:
Me asure23c m3o fM2a n dputina100ml beaker.Measur
eitst
emperat
ureandr ecor
di nthe
3
tabl
eb elowu nderfi
rstcolumn. Byuseo famea s
uringcyl
in
derme a
sure5cmo fM3an dtoM2in
thebeak e
r.Sti
rwi t
ht heth e
rmo mete
ran drecordthefi
nals
teadyte
mpe r
atu
re.Co nti
nuea d
ding
5c m3a tatimea ndrecordingthetemperatur
etill
35c m3hasb e
enadded,comp le
tethetabl
e
below.
a)TABL EI I
Volumeo fM2a d
ded( cm3) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3
5
0
Temp er
a t
ure( c)

b)Plotagrapho ftemperat
ure(vert
ical a
xis
)ag a
instvolumeo fNa OHa dded .
c)Fromy ourgraphd et
ermine:
-
(
i)Volumeo f1MNa OHn eededton e u
tral
iz
e23c m3o f1MHCl
(i
i)Ris
ei nt
e mperat
u r
e∆T .
d)Ca l
cul
atethea mountofh ea
te v
o l
ve dintheabover e
a cti
on.Takespeci
fich ea
tcapac
it
yof
3
solut
iontob e4.2.J/g/k
, de
n si
tyo fsolu
ti
o n.1g/cm.
e)Calcul
atethen umberofmo l
e sofHCl us
ed.
f)Henced et
erminetheMo larheatofn eutr
ali
zat
iono fhyd r
o c
hlor
icacid
.
3. Youa r
eg i
vens ol
idW. Carryoutthet est
sb el
owa nda nswe racc
ord i
ngl
y.
a)Takeas pat
ulaen df
ulofWa n dputi nab oi
li
ngtu be.Ad dabout8cm3o fwa te
randshake
.
Keepthemi xtur
eforthetest
sb el
o w.
b)Toa bout2c m3o fs
o l
uti
ono fWa d ds odi
umh ydroxi
d e(2MNa OH)dro pwi s
etil
li
nexce
ss.
3
c)Toa bo
u t2cmo fs
o l
uti
onW, addAmmo niasol
u t
ion( 2MNH2aq)d ro
pwi seti
ll
inexc
ess
.
d)Toa bout2c m3o fs
o l
uti
onW, adda bout5d r
o p
so fNitricaci
d( HNO3(aq))f
oll
owedby2drop
s
ofBari
u mc hlor
ide.

PRACT
ICAL14
CONF
IDENT
IAL
REQUI
REMENT S
Inaddi
ti
ont otheequ i
pme nt,a
ppa
rat
usa
ndc
hemi
cal
fou
ndi
nthec
hemi
st
ryl
abo
rat
ory
,ea
chc
and
ida
te
wil
lre
q u
irethefoll
owing:
 So l
utionP:a bout100c m3
 So l
utionQ:a bout50cm3
 So l
utionR:a bout100c m3
 Disti
lle
dwa t
er
 100ml me a
suri
ngc yl
ind e
r
 Onef il
terfunnel
 One25c m3p i
pette
 Ac lampa nds t
and
 Ap henolphal
einindi
cato r

160
  3c o nical f
lasks
 Whi t
et il
e
 So luti
o nF :abo ut30cm3o f1.0Ms o
d i
umhy droxideso l
uti
on
 A10ml me asuri
ngc yl
inder
 A100ml p l
ast
icb eak
er
 Me a nso fla b
eL l
ing
o
 A110Ct hermo meter
 So li
dD, 0. 5gZ i
ncSu l
p hatecry
stals
 Me ta l
li
cs p at
ula
 1b o il
ingt u b
e
 5c leand rytesttubes
 Te sttub eho lder
 Be nc hs oluti
onss uppl
iedwi t
hd roppers
 Di l
u t
eni tricacidsolut
ion, 2
 2Ms odiumhy droxi
des ol
u t
ion
 2Ma queo usa mmo ni
as oluti
on
 0.5MBa riumni trat
eso l
ution
 0.5ML ead( i
i)Ni t
rat
es ol
u t
ion
NOT
ES
(a
)(i
)So l
u ti
onPi sp repare
db yd i
ssolv
ing17. 2cm3ofc oncent
rate
dhy d
r o
chlo
rica
c i
din
3
abou t250c m o fdist
il
l
e dwa te
ra nda d
d i
ngwa t
e rtoma ke1li
tr
eo fsol
ut
ion
(
ii
)SolutionQi sp r
e par
edb yd i
ssol
ving64go fs
odiumhy drox
idepel
let
sinabout250cm3
ofd ist
ill
e dwa terandma k
ingitto1litr
eo fsol
uti
o n
3
(i
i
i)Solu t
ionRi sp r
e p
aredb yd i
sso
lving13.75cmo fconcent
rate
dsu l
phuri
caci
dinabout
250c mo fdisti
ll
edwa terandma kingitto1li
treo fsol
uti
on

(
b)Sol
i
dDi s0.5go fZi
ncSu l
phat
ecrysta
ls
1. Yo uareprovi
dedwith:
-Sol
u t
io
nP, 0.
2Mh ydrochl
ori
cacid
-Sol
u t
io
nQ, sodiumh y
droxi
desoluti
on
-Sol
u t
io
nR, contai
ni
ng49g /Li
tr
eo fadi
bas
icac
id,
H2A
Youarerequi
redto:
Dil
utesol
uti
onQwi t
hdist
il
le
dwa t
er
Sta
ndardi
zethed i
l
utedsol
uti
onQwi t
hsol
ut
ionP
Dete
rminetherela
ti
veformul
ama ssofA

Proc
edure1:
Pi
pett
e25cm3o fQintoac l
e a
nd ry250mlvol
u metr
icfl
ask.Measur
e175cm3ofdist
il
l
edwa t
er
3
usi
nga100c m me as
uri
n gcyli
n d
erandaddittosoluti
onQi nth
efla
sk.Shak
ewe l
l.L
abel
th
isassol
uti
onSa ndk e
epi tf
o rf
urt
hertes
tsinp r
ocedureIandII
.Pip
ett
e25cm3o fs
olut
ionS
int
oac l
eandryc o
nical
flas
k .Add2to3d r
opso fPhenol
p h
thal
ei
nindi
cato
randtit
rat
ewit
h
sol
uti
onP.recor
dy ourr
e su
ltsintheta
bleIbelow.Repeatthepr
ocedur
etoobta
inaccur
ate
re
sult
s.
TableI
Ti
tr
ati
onn umber I 2 3
3
Fi
nalbur
ett
er e
ading(cm)
In
it
ialb
urett
ereadi
n g(cm3)
Vol
umeo fsol
uti
onPu sed(cm3)

(
a)De
ter
min
eth
eav
era
gev
olu
meo
fso
lut
io
nRu
sed

161
 (
b)(
i)Fi
ndt h
emo l
esofsolut
ionPusedtoreactwit
h25cm3o ft
hedil
ute
ds o
lut
ionS.
3
(
ii
)Findthemo l
eso fsol
ut
ionSin25cmo fthedi
lut
edsolut
io
n.
(i
ii
)De t
erminethen u
mb erofmol
esofsodiumh y
droxi
decont
aine
dinthe
3
100cmo fsol
u t
ionS
(
c) Usi
ngy ourres
ultsinb(ii
)abov
ed e
ter
mi nethecon
centr
ati
oninmolesper
li
tr
eo ftheori
ginalsodi
umh yd
roxi
deso l
uti
onQ

Pr
ocedur
eII
Pi
pet
te25cm3oft
h est
andardi
zedsol
uti
onSi ntoacl
ean,
dryconical
fl
ask.Emptyyour
bur
ett
ecompl
etel
yo fs
olut
ionPa ndr
inseitwit
hsomewa t
er.
No w,fi
lly
ourb u
rett
ewit
h
so
lut
ionRandti
tr
atewithsolu
ti
o nSinthec o
nica
lfl
askc
ontai
ni
n g2to3d ropsof
Pheno
lph
thal
ei
nindica
tor.
Reco
rdyourr
esul
tsintabl
eIIbelow.
Rep e
a tt
heproc
edur
etoo b
tainaccu
rateres
ult
s.

Ta
bleII
Tit
rat
ionnumb er I 2 3
3
Final
burett
ereadin
g( c
m)
Ini
ti
alburet
tereadi
ng(cm3)
Volumeofsoluti
onRu sed( m3)
c
(
d)De t
erminetheavera
gev ol
umeo fsol
uti
onRu sed
…………………………………………………………………………………
(
e)De te
rminethen umberofmolesofSod i
umh ydr
oxi
dein25c m3ofs
olu
ti
onSa
nd
hencethemo l
eso fs
oluti
onRu sed
(
f)Findthenumb erofmo l
esofRc on
tai
n edinoneli
tr
eo fs
o l
ut
ion
(
g )Give
nth a
tH=1. 0:
(
i)Fi
ndther e
lat
ivefo
rmu l
ama ssoft
h ediba
sicaci
dH2A
(ii
)De t
erminetherel
at
ivefor
mu l
ama ssofAint h
eformulaH2A

2. Youa
reprov
ide
dwith:
1.
0MSodiumhydroxi
desol
uti
onF
0.
6Msolu
ti
ono fa
cidla
bell
edG
Yo
uarere
quir
edtodeter
minethemo
larh
eato
fne
utr
al
iz
ati
ono
fSo
diu
mhy
dro
xid
e
wi
thac
idG

Procedure:
(
a)Placesi
xt e
sttube sonat estra
ck.Us i
nga10cm3me as
uri
n gcyl
inderme asur
e5cm3
porti
onso fsol
utionGa ndplac
et hemineachofthet
ubes.
3
Mea s
ure25.0c mo fsolut
ionFu si
n gameasur
ingcyl
ind
era ndpl
aceitintoa100cm3b ea
ker
.
Mea s
urethetemp eratureofthi
ss o
luti
onFtothenear
est0.5oCandrec or
dintabl
eIII
.
Pourthefir
stp o
rtiono fth
e5c m3o fsol
ut
ionGfromthetesttub
eintot hebeak
erconta
ini
ng
25.0cm3o fsol
utionF .Sti
rthemi x
turecar
ef
ull
yandrecor
dt hehig
h estt
e mper
atur
eof
themi xt
urei ntableIII
.
Pourt hes e
con dp orti
ono fsoluti
onGi mme di
ate
lyint
ot hemixt
u reint hebeak
er.Sti
rcar
eful
l
yand
recordtheh i
gh e
stt emperat
u r
eo ft
h i
smixt
ureintabl
eIII
.Co nt
inuethisp r
oced
ureusi
ngtheremai
ni
ng
porti
onso fsol
u t
ionGt oc omp l
et
et abl
eII
I.
Tabl
eIII
3
Volumeo fGa dd ed( cm) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
3
Volumeo fF(cm) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
o
Temperature(C)

162
 (
b )Ont heg r
idprov
id ed,pl
o tagraphoft
emp e
rat
ure(vert
ic
alaxi
s)v
ers
u sv
olume
ofsol
utionG add ed
(
c )Fromt hegraph,determine:
(i
)Thev olumeof solu
tionGr equi
redt
oreactwit
ht he25cm3ofsod
iumh y
drox
ide
sol
u t
ionF
(i
i)Theh i
ghestt
emp e
raturechange
(
d )Calc
ulatetheheatch a
n geforth
er e
act
ion
-
1o
(Heatchange=Ma ssxt e
mp erat
urecha
ngex4.2jg C.Assumedens
it
yofeach
so
luti
ont obe1gc m-3)
(
e )Calc
ulatethevol
umeo fsodiumh yd
roxi
desol
uti
onF ,used
(
f)Calcul
atethemo l
arh eatofn e
utr
ali
zat
io
no fsod
iumh ydrox
idesol
ut
ionF

3 Yo ua r
ep rovi
d e
dwi t
hs u
bstanceD, whichc ont
a i
nstwocati
onsandon eani
on.
Carryo utthetestbel
owo nth esubst
ance. Ent
eryo u
ro bs
erva
ti
onsinthetabl
ebel
ow.
Wr i
teyou robserv
ati
onsandi nfe
rencesint h
es pace
sProvi
ded
(a)Pl a
c eas pat
ulaendfullofDi nab oi
l
in gtube.Addabout5cm3ofdist
il
le
dwatera
nds
hak
e.
Divi
d etheresul
tantmixt
u r
ein t
o4p ortio
ns
i)T othefirs
tp or
ti
on,addNitricaci
df o
ll
o wedb yBariu
mn it
rat
esol
u t
ion.
ii)Toth esecondporti
on,addNi tr
icaci
d ,fol
lowedbylead(I
I)Nit
rat
es ol
ut
ion
ii
i)T othet h
irdport
ion,addaf ewd r
opso fsodi
u mHy dr
oxid
es o
lut
ionu n
ti
linex
cess
iv)T ot
h efourthport
ion,adda queousammo n
iadropwiseti
lli
nexcesssol
uti
on

PRACTICAL15
CONF I
DENT I
AL
INSTRUCTIONS
Eac
hc and
ida
tes
hou
ldha
ve:

 80cm3o fs o
luti
onT
3
 100c mo fsol
utio
nS
 Exac
tly1. 5go fsol
idV
3
 250cm b e a
ker(glas
s)
 1label
 1pipett
e
 1burett
e
3
 100cm me as
u r
ingcyl
ind
er
 1.
2g
 120cm3 p last
icb e
aker
 Astopc l
o ck/ watc
h
 About1.0go fsoli
dJ
 1boili
ngt u be
 1me tal
li
cs pa
tula
 1glassro d
 5testtube s
 1fi
lt
e rpap er

Ac
ces
sto
:
 Phenol
pht
hale
in
 2ml e
ad(I
I)ni
tra
te
 0.05Ms o
diumthio
sul
pha
te
 Dist
il
le
dwater

163
  20%vol
umehydro
g e
np e
roxi
de
 Sour
ceofhe
at(Bunsenbur
ner)

No
tes
:
1.20%20v o
lumep er
oxi
deisprep
aredbydi
lut
ing20cm3of20vhydr
oge
nper
oxi
de
3
t
oma ke100c m
2.sol
uti
onTi s1.0hydroc
hlor
icaci
dandismadeb ydi
ss
olut
io m3o
n86c f35-
37%hyd
roc
hlo
ric
aci
ddil
utedto1lit
reofsol
ut
ion
3.sol
uti
onSi s0.5ms o
diumhydroxi
de
4.sol
i
dVi se x
a c
tl
y1.5gofsodi
umc ar
bonat
e(a nhyd
rous
)
5.sol
i
dJi spotassi
umiodi
de
6.sol
i
dMi s1.2gma g
nesi
ump owder
7.sol
uti
onKi s0.02mc op
per(I
I)sul
phat
e

1. Youa
rep r
ovi
dedwiththefol
l
owing:
 1.0MHy dro
chlor
icaci
d;sol
uti
onT.
 0.5Ms od
iumh ydr
oxid
e;sol
uti
onS
 An h
ydroussod
iumc ar
bonat
eofunkno
wnma s
s:so
li
dV.
Yo
uar
ere
qui
redtodete
rminethemassofsod
ium.Ca
rbo
natet
hatwa
sus
edi
nth
eex
per
ime
nt.

Proce
d u
re
Me a
sure60c m3p ort
i
o no f1mh ydroc
hlori
caci
du si
ngame asur
ingcy
li
nderandtr
ansf
er
3
i
tto100c mb eaker.Adda l
l s
od i
umcarbonat
e(sol
idV)totheaci
dinthebea
kerand
st
irgent
ly.Le a
vethemi xturefor3minutesunt
ilt
herei
sn oef
fer
vesc
encetr
ansf
er
th
emi xt
urei nt
oac lean100ml measu
ringcyl
inde
randaddd i
sti
l
ledwate
rtoma k
e
100cm3o ftheso l
ut
ion.T ransf
erallt
hesolut
ioni
nto250cm3b ea
kerandsha
ke
well
,labe
l t
h i
sso l
uti
onW.
Fi
llt
heb urett
ewi t
hs ol
utionS.
3
Pi
p e
tt
e25. 0cmo fsolut
ionWa ndtra
nsfert
oac oni
calf
lask
.Add2-3dropsofpheno
lpht
hal
ei
nin
dic
ato
r
andti
trat
ewi thsolut
ionS. Recordsyourres
ult
sintabl
eIb e
low.
Repeatt
het i
trat
iontog ettwomo r
econcorda
ntval
ues.

T
abl
eI
Ex
per
ime
nt I I
I I
II
F
ina
lbu
ret
ter
ead
ing(
cm3)
i
ni
ti
alb
ure
tt
ere
adi
ng(
cm3)
Vo
lumeo
fso
lut
io
nsSu
sed

Tra
n s
ferthemixtu
reintoac l
ean100ml -measur
ingcyli
nderandadddist
il
le
dwa t
ert
o
make100c m3 oft
hes ol
uti
on.
(
a)Determinet
h eaver
agev o
lumeo fsol
u t
ionSused.
(
b).Cal
culat
ethen umberofmo le
so fsodi
umh ydroxi
de(s
o l
ut
ionS)used.
(
c).
F i
ndthen umberofmo le
so fhydroc
h l
ori
caci
di n25cm3ofsolut
io
nW.
(
d).Det
e r
minethen umberofmo le
so fhydr
o c
hlor
icaci
din100c m3
(
e).
Ca l
culat
ethen umberofmo le
so fhydr
ochlor
icaci
dintheo r
igi
nal60cm3ofsol
ut
io
n.
(
f)
.Calcula
tethenumb erofmolesofh y
d r
ochl
ori
ca ci
dthatre
actedwi
thsodium
carbonat
e.
(
g).Det
e r
minethema ssofsodi
u mc ar
bonatetha
treact
edwiththeaci
d.(Na=23,C=12,0=16)
.

164
2. Youa reprovide
dwi t
ht hefoll
owing.
(i
).1.2gMa g
nesiump owd er,
soli
dM
(i
i
).0.02Mc opper(i
i)sulphat
e,sol
utionK
Youa rerequi
redtod eter
minethemo l
are nt
hal
pyofdis
plac
emen tf
orthere
act
ion
betwee n
ma gnesi
ump owd era n
dc opp
er(II)s
ulphateso
lut
ion.
Procedure
Mea sureout100c m3o fsolut
io
nKi ntoaplast
icbeake
r.
Mea surethetemperatureofthi
ssoluti
onateveryminut
eforfou
rmin ut
es.
Ad dt
heenti
reamoun
tof
sol
idMt othecon t
entso ft
hep l
ast
icbeakeratthef
ourt
hmi n
ute.St
irwit
hthether
mome t
er.
Recor
dth
e
te
mp eratur
ea f
tereveryh al
f-
a-minuteint
ab l
eIIbel
ow.

T
abl
eII

T
ime(
min
)0 ½ 1 1½ 2 21/ 3 3½ 4 4½ 5 5½ 6 6½
6
o
T
emp
.(C)

o
(
a).
Dr a
wt heg rapho ftemp erature( C)a gai
n sttime,t(inmin u
tes
))Useyourg r
aphto
getthet emp eratur
er ise.
(
b).Cal
cu l
at
et hehe atlostb yth esoluti
on
(
Speci
fi
ch eatcapacityo fsolu t
ion=4. .
2Jg-1K-I,densi
tyo fsol
uti
on=1g/cm3)
(c
).Wr it
ea nionice quationf orther eact
ion.
(
d).Cal
cu l
at
et henu mb ero fmo l
eso f:
(i)
.Co pper(i
i)ionsint heo ri
ginalsolut
ion.
(ii
).Ma gnesi
uma ddedt ot hec opper(ii
)su lphat
es oluti
on
(ii
i)
.Co pper(II
)io nsd i
sp lacedbyma gnesiu mpo wder.
(Mg=24, Cu=63. 5,S=32, O=16)
(
e).
Ca l
culat
et hemo larh eato fdispl
a cemento fc op
p er(I
I)ionsbymagne
siump owder
.
(
f)
.Comme ntonth ev a
lu eoft hemo larh ea
tifi onpo wderh adbeenu
sedins
teadmagnesi
um
p o
wd er.Exp l
ain.
(
a).
(i)
Yo uarep r
ovidedwi t
hs o l
idJ .
(ii
).Tothefilt
rateab ove,d ipac l
e anme t
allicspatulaandb ur
nadropofthefi
lt
rat
e
onitwi t
han on-lumi no usfl
ame .
(i
ii)
.Dividethefil
trateintot woe q
u alpopula t
ions.
s
t
I.Tothe1 p ort
io na dd2ml ead(ii
)n i
t rat
e.
II
.Tot hesec ondp o r
tiona dd3- 5d rop sof20% 20–Vo l
umehydrogenper
oxi
de
3
(i
v)
. T
ot heresult
ingmi x t
urei n( i
i)above,adda bout1c mo fsodi
umthi
osulp
h at
e
s
oluti
onQ. Fr
o mt het estsc ar
ri
e do u
ta bo veid
e nti
fy.
(i)
.Ca t
ion
(ii
).Anion

PRACT
ICAL16

CONF
IDENT
IAL

I
NST
RUCT
IONS

ACCESST
O

165
  1MNa OH
 1MNH4OH
 1MHCL
 0.
01mPB( NO3)2
 Sour
ceo fheat
 PHchart(PH=1t o14)
 10mlofso l
uti
onK
 Sodi
umh ydr
ogencarb
ona
te
Qu
est
io
n1.
1.Sol
uti
onJ100c m3
2.Bur
ette
3.Sol
uti
onK100c m3
4.Pi
pet
te
5.2conic
a lfl
ask
s
6.Fi
lt
erfunnel
7.Ret
ortstand

PREPARATI
ONOFSOL UTI
ONS
1.Sol
ut
ionJ-Di
ss
olv
e17gofa
mmo
niu
mir
on(
ii
)su
lph
atei m3o
n50c f2MH2SO4d
il
ut
et m3
o1d
2.
Sol
ut
io
nK-
KMn
O4-Di
ss
olv
e1.
6go
fpo
tas
si
umma
nga
nat
evi
ii m3o
n20c f2MH2SO4d
il
ut
et m3
o1d
3.
Sol
ut
io
nR-Dissol
ve40gofsodi
umthi
osul
pha
tein1dm3ofs
olu
ti
on
4.
Sol
ut
io
nS-Disso
lve172cm3ofcon
cen
tra
tedhyd
roch
lor
icac
idi
n1dm3o
fso
lut
io
n
5.
Sol
i
dYisa
lumini
ums u
lph
a t
e
6.
Sol
i
dZiso
xali
caci
d.

1. Youareprovi
d edwith:
 So lut
io
nM1a q u
eoussol
uti
onofamo nob a
sicaci
d,HBc o
nta
ini
ng1.62425,o
fth
ea c
idd
iss
olv
ein
250cm3o fthesolu
ti
on
 0.208Ms odiumh y
droxi
desol
uti
on.
Youarerequi
r e
dt odet
ermin
e
a)Themo lar
ityoftheaci
d
b)TheRFMo ftheaci
dandtheRAM o fBi nHB( H=1,C=12,O=16)
Pro
ced u
re
Pi
pett
e25c m3o fsol
uti
onM1i nt
oac l
eandryc o
n i
cal
fla
sk.Add2drop
so fphe
nol
pht
hale
ini
ndi
cat
ors
.
Fi
llt
heb ur
ett
ewi thsol
uti
onQa ndti
tra
teagainsts
olut
ionM1
Repeatt
hep r
o cedur
etwomo ret
imesandco mplet
ethetab
lebel
ow:
I II I
II
Fi
n alburet
tereadi
ng(
cm3)
In
itialbu
ret
te(
cm3)
Volumeo fsol
ut
ionQ used(cm3)

a)Dete
rmin
etheavera
gevolumeofsol
uti
onQuse
d
b
)Wr i
teanequat
io
nforthereac
ti
onbetwee
nso
lut
ionM1a
ndQ
c
)Ca l
cul
at
e:
i
)Thenumb e
rofmo l
esofQu se
d
i
i)Thenumberofmol
esofM1u sed
i
i
i)Themola
ri
tyofs ol
uti
onM1
d
)De t
ermi
ne;
i
)TheRFMo faci
d
i
i)T
heRAM o fele
mentB

166
2. Yo uareprovi
dedwi t
h:
 2 Mh ydroc
h l
ori
cac i
d,sol
u t
io
nM2
 Ma gn
esiu
mr ibbon.
Yo uarerequi
redtodetermin
e ;
i
)T her a
teofthereact
ionbetweenHydrochl
ori
ca ci
dandma g
nesi
um
ii)Thema ssof2cmo fma gnesi
umribbon
ProcedureII
Us i
ngac le
anme asuri
ngc y
li
n der
,measur
e60c m3of2Mh ydr
ochlo
ricaci
d,sol
uti
onM2and
placeitin
toac l
eancon i
calf
lask.Cu
ta2c mpieceofmagnesi
umribbonprovi
dedandpl
ace
i
n totheconic
alfl
askco nt
ain
ing2Mh y
drochl
oricaci
dandimmediat
elyst
artt
hesl
op-wat
ch.
Me asureandrecordtheti
met ake
nforthemagne s
iumrib
bontocomp l
etel
yre
actwit
hthe
hyd r
ochlor
icaci
di nt abl
eIIbelow.Repea
tthep r
ocedur
eusi
ng50, 40,30and20cm3port
io
ns
of2M h y
drochl
orica ci
da ddi
ngd is
ti
ll
edwa terandcomplet
ethet a
blebel
ow:
a)T a
bleII
Experi
ence 1 2 3 4 5
Volumeo f2MHCl 60 50 40 30 20
Volumeofd ist
il
l
e dwateradde
d 0 10 20 30 40
Timetakenf orther i
bbont o
disa
ppear
(sec)
-
1
1/ti
me(sec )
b)Plotag r
apho f½a g
a i
nstvol
umeo f2Mh y dr
ochlor
icaci
du sed
c)Fromy ourgraphdeter
minethetimetakenfortheribb
ont odis
ap pe
arwh e
n36cm3o f2M
hydroch
lori
ca ci
dwe reu sed
d)Intermso fr
ateofreact
ion,expl
ai
nt heshapeofyourgraph
3. Youa reprovi
dedwithsoli
ds.Yo uarerequi
redtoc a
rryoutthetes
tsshownb el
owandwr i
te
yourobserv
a t
io
nsa ndinf
erenceinthespacesprovi
ded.Identi
fyanyg a
sesgiv
enout.
a)Placeasma l
lamo untofsol
idSinad rytestt
ubea ndheatstr
ong l
y
3
b)Placea s pa
tulaend-f
u l
lofSinab oi
lin
gt ube.Addabout5cmo fdis
ti
ll
edwate
rands h
ake.
Dividetheresul
ta
ntmi xt
ureint
o4p ort
ions
i)tothefir
stp ort
ion,addnit
ri
ca ci
df o
llowedb yBariumn i
tr
a t
es ol
ut
ion
ii
)T othesecondport
ion,addnit
ricaci
df ol
lo
we dbylead(II
)n i
tra
tesol
uti
on.Warmthemixt
ure
ii
i)Totheforthpor
tion,addaqueousammo niadropwiseu nt
ilexc
ess

3. b
)Youa repro
vid
edwi thsol
idF.Carr
yo utt
h et
ext
sb el
ow.Wri
teyourobse
rva
ti
onsand
i
nf
erence
sinthespacepro
vide
d.
Disso
lveaspat
ulaful
lofsol
idFinabout4cm3ofdi
st
il
le
dwa t
eran
dd iv
idei
tint
othr
eepar
ts
.
3
i)To2cmo fsol
u t
io
n, a
dd5d ropsofb
rominewater
ii
)Tothesecon
dp ort
ionaddaspatu
laful
lofsodi
umh y
dro
gencarbo
n at
e

PRACT
ICAL17
CONFI
DENTIAL
1. Yo uarep
rov
ide
swith;
 Solut
io
nM( HCl )
 Solut
io
nN( 0.1MNa OH)
 Solut
io
nPp repar
edbydis
sol
vi
ng14.
3g/
dm3o
fNa
2CO3.xH2O.
 Phenol
phtha
leini
nid
ica
tor
 Me t
hylor
angeindi
cat
or

167
 Youarerequi
redto:
(a
)Stan d
ardi
zeHCl sol
uti
onM
(b
)Determinet
h eval
ueofXinNa 2CO3.XH2O
Pr
ocedureI
3
Fi
l
l t
heb ur
ett
ewithHCl s
olut
ionM. pi
pett
e25c mo fNaOHsol
ut
ionNin
toaconic
alf
la
sk.
Add2d rop
so fphe
nolpht
halei
nindic
atorandti
tr
ateunt
ily
ouobt
ai
napermane
ntcol
ourch
ang
e.Re
cor
d
yo
u rre
sult
sintabl
eIbelow.Repeatt
het i
tr
ati
ontwomo r
eti
mesandc
omple
tethet
abl
e.
Tabl
e1
Tit
rat
ion 1 2 3
Finalbu
rett
ereadi
ng(cm3)
Init
ia
lburett
erea
ding(cm3)
Vo l
.ofsol
uti
onMu sed(cm3)

(i
)Wh atisth eave
ragevolu
meo fs o
luti
onMu sed
(ii
)Ca l
culatethenumberofs o
luti
onNu s
e d
(i
ii
)Wr i
teth eequat
ionforthereact
ionthatto
okp la
c e
(i
v)Calcul
a t
et henumberofmo l
eso fsol
utio
nMi nthetit
revol
ume
(v
)F i
ndth ec once
ntr
ati
ono fsol
utio
nMi nmo l
esp erli
tr
e
(vi
)Ca l
culatetheconcentr
ati
ono fsol
u t
io
nMi ngramsp erl
it
re
Pr
ocedureI I
Fi
lltheburettewit
hHCLs ol
uti
onM. pi
pett
e25c m3o fso
luti
onPint
oacon
ica
lfla
sk.
Add2d rop so f
me t
hylorangeindi
catorandti
trat
eag ai
nstsol
ut
ionM.r
epe
attheti
tr
ati
on
twomo ret i
me sandcomp l
etethetabl
e.
Ta
b l
eII
Ti
tra
ti
o n 1 2 3
Fi
nalbu ret
terea
ding
In
iti
albu r
e t
tere
adin
g
Vol
.ofs olut
ionMu sed(cm3)

(
a)Wh a
tistheave
ragevolu
meo fsol
uti
onMu se
d?
(
b)Cal
culat
ethemo l
esofHCl i
nt heti
tr
ev o
lumeo fsol
ut
io
nM
(
c)Writ
etheequat
ionforthere
a cti
onthatt
ookp l
ace
(
d)Cal
culat
ethemo l
esofsolu
ti
o nPu sed
(
e)Fi
ndtheco n
centr
ati
onofNa 2CO3.XCH2Oi nsolu
ti
onPinmol
espe
rlit
re
(f
)Stat
etheconcent
rat
ionofNa 2CO3.
XH2Oi nsol
u t
io
nPingr
ammesperli
tr
e
(g)F
indtheR.F.
Mo fNa CO
2 3 .XH 2O
(
h)Theval
ueo fXinNa CO
2 3 .XH 2O

2. Youar
eprov
idedwi
th;
-1.
0Mp o
tas
siumiodi
de
-1.
0Mlead(
II)ni
tr
ate

Youa
rere
quir
edtouset
het
wot
ode
ter
min
eth
ehe
igh
tofp
rec
ipi
ta
tea
ndt
hev
olu
me
o
fPb(
NO3)2sol
uti
onus
ed.

Proc
edure
 Ta
kesi
xtest
-t
ubeso
fequalv
olu
mea ndla
belt
hem1to4
3
 Run5c
mo f1.
0MPo t
ass
iumiodi
desol
uti
onfro
mab ur
ett
ein
toea
choneo
fthem.
 Add1.
0cm3of1.
0ML ea
d(II
)nit
rat
esol
uti
ontothet
est
-t
ubel
abe
led1a
ndst
irt
hemix
tur
ewe
ll

168
 wi
thag la
ssrod.
 Addabout5d r
opso fet
hanolt
othemi xt
ure
,sti
randpl
aceiti
ntes
t-
tuberac
k.
3 3 3 3 3
 Add1.5cm, 2.
0cm, 2.
5cm, 3.
0cma nd3.5cmo ft
he1.0Mlead(I
I)nit
rat
etothet
est
-t
ube
s
l
abele
d2, 3,4,5and6r es
pecti
vel
y.
 Addabout5d r
opso fet
hanolt
oeacht e
st-
tube
,sti
ran
dallowtoset
tl
e
 Measurethehe
ightofthepr
ecipi
ta
teineachtubein(
mm)a ndre
cordthemeasur
ement
sinth
e
t
ablebelo
w:

Testtuben u mb e
r 1 2 3 4 5 6
Vo l
umeo f1Ml ea
d( I
I) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2. 5 3.0 3.
5
nit
rat
e( cm3)
He i
ghto fp r
ec i
pit
ate(mm)
(a)Pl
otag ra
pho ftheh ei
g ht
so ft
hep r
ecip
it
ateaga
instt
hev o
lumeoflea
d(II
)nit
rate
sol
uti
ona d de
d
(
b)Ca l
cula
tethe;
(i
)Nu mbero fmole so fKIin5cm3o f1.
0MKIs o
lut
ion
(i
i)Numb erofmo leso fPb(NO3)2solut
ionwhi
chre a
ctedcompl
ete
lywit
h5.0cm3o f1.
0MKI
(
c)Ho wma nymo l
e so fKIwo uldreactwit
ho nemol
eo fle
ad(II
)nit
rat
e?
(
d)Wr i
teab a
lancedc h emicalequat
ionsorthere
acti
onb et
weenlea
d(II
)nit
rat
ea n
d
po
tassi
umi odide
(
e)Givetheionicequa ti
onf ortherea
c t
ions
(
f)Wh atwasthepu rp
o seo faddingethanolt
othemixt
u r
e?

F
ORMARKI
NGSCHEMESCAL
LTEXT0724351706

169