Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY LIPA CITY

Marawoy, Lipa City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING SCIENCES
Tel. No. (043) 774-2526

HANDOUT NO. 7
Trigonometric Substitutions:

Integrals involving square roots such as a 2  x 2 , a 2  x 2 and x 2  a 2 where a is constant can be

solved by using trigonometric substitutions. These substitutions are as follows:
1. x  a sin  for integrals with a2  x2 ,
2. x  a tan  for integrals with a2  x2
3. x  a sec for integrals with x2  a2
x 2 dx
Example 1:  4  x2

dy
Example 2:  16  y 2

1|Integr al C alculus
 3
2 x dx
Example 3: 
x  1
2 3
3 2 2

Exercises

9  x2
1.  x3
dx

y 3dy
2.  4  y2

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 9  x2
3.  x4
dx

 x (16  x ) dx
2 2 2
4.

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 dx
5. x 3
x2  9

2 y 2  10
6.  y
dy

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 dt
7.  t 2  25

 x (9  x ) 2 dx
2 2
8.

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 x 2 dx

2 3
9.
0
x2  4


3
10. 4  x 2 dx
1

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 Problem Set

Integrate the following using trigonometric substitution.

y 3dy
1.  2 y2  7

2 3 x 3 dx
2. 
6
x2  9

dy

4
3. 3
( y 2  4)
4 2

dt
4. t 2
t2  9

6
5. 
0
z 2 25  z 2 dz

dx
6. 
x  4
3
2 2

dz
7. z 2
z2  4

dx
8. 
 4x  9
2 3

dx
9. 
 4x  9
2 3

dx
10.  x  2x  2
2

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8|MATH 402 – Int egral C alc ulus