RIEMANN SUM

In mathematics, a Riemann sum is a certain kind of approximation of an integral by a finite sum. It is

named after nineteenth century German mathematician Bernhard Riemann. One very common
application is approximating the area of functions or lines on a graph, but also the length of curves
and other approximations.
The sum is calculated by partitioning the region into shapes (rectangles, trapezoids, parabolas,
or cubics) that together form a region that is similar to the region being measured, then calculating
the area for each of these shapes, and finally adding all of these small areas together. This
approach can be used to find a numerical approximation for a definite integral even if
the fundamental theorem of calculus does not make it easy to find a closed-form solution.
Because the region filled by the small shapes is usually not exactly the same shape as the region
being measured, the Riemann sum will differ from the area being measured. This error can be
reduced by dividing up the region more finely, using smaller and smaller shapes. As the shapes get
smaller and smaller, the sum approaches the Riemann integral.
Y=sin(x)
This figure shows that Left Riemann sum overestimates a
monotonically decreasing function of x
Middle Riemann Sum
Right Riemann Sum = (xn-x0)/n)(y1)+ (((xn-x0)/n)(y2)+… … …

Right Riemann Sum = (xn-x0)/n)(y1)+ (((xn-x0)/n)(y2)+… … …

Sum of areas of rectangles (while taking the values of the function at their right

side edges as their heights)

= (Area of Rectangle 1 )+(Area of Rectangle 2) + …. … … + (Area of rectangle n)

= (w1xh1) + (w2xh2)+ … … … + (wnxhn)

But all rectangles are of the same width w1=w2=w3 … … … =w1n= w= (xn-x0)/n=(2-1)/2

(where x0 and xn are lower and upper limits of x between which the integral is to be approximated, and
n is the number of rectangles we are choosing to cut the area)

Also

h1=height of rectangle1
 = Value of function at the right edge (x=x 1=1) of Rectangle1

= value of y (or f(x) ) at x1(=1) ________This value of y may be named as y1

=1^2

Similarly

H2=height of rectangle2

= Value of function at the right edge (x=x 2=2) of Rectangl21

= value of y (or f(x) ) at x2(=2) ________This value of y may be named as y2

=2^2

Etc

Hence

Right Riemann Sum = ((2-1)/2)(y1)+ ((2-1)/2)(y2)+…

Which can be generalized as

n x u −xl
Right Riemann Sum =∑
i=1
( n )( yi)

Which for the given problem becomes as (for two rectangles)

n x u −xl n n
2−0 2 2 2 2 2 2
Right Riemann Sum =∑
i=1
( n )( y i ) =∑
i=1
( )
2
( x i )=∑
i =1 2
()
( x i )= ()
2
( x 1 + x 2 )=12 +22 =5

And for the given problem becomes as (for 3 rectangles)

n x u −xl 3 3
2−0 2 2 2
Right Riemann Sum =∑
i=1
( n )( y i ) =∑
i=1
( )
3
( x i ) =∑
i =1 3
()
( x i )=x 21 + x 21 =12 +22 =5