UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM DALTA

Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona 3, Las Pinas City, Metro Manila 1740, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 420 - L
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2 - LAB

EXPERIMENT NO. 8
HP115 COMPACT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

SUBMITTED BY:

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. ROBERT LOMOTAN

 ACTIVITY NO. 4
HP 405B MULTI PUMP TEST SET
(AXIAL PUMP)

OBJECTIVES:
1.) To define what axial pump is.
2.) To differentiate axial pump from centrifugal and turbine pump.
3.) To compare the efficiency of axial pump from the centrifugal and turbine pump.

THEORY:
One of the most important problems of the engineer is the efficient means and the
effective controls for the transfer of fluid (liquid or vapor) from one point to another. This
transfer or the flow of fluid may be opposed by gravitational force, by some external force, or by
friction. Under certain conditions the gravitational force and the other forces may act to aid the
transfer, but friction always exists as a force opposing motion of the fluid. The engineer attempts
to reduce the effect of friction and at the same time take advantage of useful forces to produce
the fluid flow under the conditions that can be effective controlled.

A pump is a mechanical device for transferring water or other liquid from one place to
another, usually against external pressure by the shaft work input of a prime mover such as
electric motor, internal combustion engine or steam turbine.

Pump:
Typical axial flow pump construction is as shown in Fig. 2-11. The pump has blades
attached radically to the shaft. The blades are twisted and skew to the shaft and are located at the
suction side of the pump. When the shaft rotates water is pushed around the shaft as well as
axially along the shaft impeller. Guide van, located next to the impeller redirects flow after the
impeller to axial direction only. The impeller has 2-4 blades. The blade angle to the shaft may be
fixed or adjustable. This type of pump has specific speed (Ns) between 1,300 to 2,500 but mostly
around 2,500. The characteristics of the axial flow pump is as per graph shown in Fig 2-12. i.e.
the lower the flow, the higher the power required. Too high a flow may result in vibration.
Usually the actual flow should be 70 – 140% of the designed flow or at maximum efficiency.
 Impeller
Figure 2-11 Axial flow pump

 Pump Capacity, Q
Capacity Q or flow rate of a pump is the volume of fluid handled per unit time (such as
cubic meter per second). This flow rate Q expressed in m3/s is normally determined by
volume measurement tank or flow meter during a definite time interval, i.e:

Q=Volume measurement , m 3 per unit time interval , s

 Total Dynamic Head, HTD

( p2 −p 1) (V 22−V 21 )
H TD =( Z 2−Z 1 ) + +
γ 2g

In which, ( Z 2−Z 1 ) =¿ Change in elevation head (per pump installation)

( p2− p1 )
=¿ Change in pressure head (by testing measurements)
γ

(V 22−V 21)
=¿ Change in velocity head (by calculation as V=Q/A)
2g

Note: In case of this test set:

(a) Pump suction inlet diameter, D1 = Pump discharge outlet diameter, D2; hence V1=V2
(b) Z1 = Z2
 ( p2 − p1 )
Then, H TD =
γ

Where, H TD =¿ Total dynamic head or pumping head, m

( p2− p1 ) =¿ Pumping pressure, N/m2

γ =¿ Specific weight of liquid, N/m3

kg m
In this case the pressure p is measured in kg/cm2 and γ = ρg = 1000 x 9.81 ∙ , Total
m3 s 2
Dynamic Head will be:

kg 100 cm 2 9.81 N N
H TD =( p2− p1 ) 2
x( ) x /(1000 x 9.81) 3
cm 1m 1 kg m

H TD =10 ( p2− p1 ) m

Where; ( p2− p1 ) =¿ Pumping pressure, N/m2

 Power Output of Pump, Wo

Power output of pump is the power that the pump delivers to the liquid Wo and often
referred to as hydraulic power or water power. Hydraulic power depends on rate

Wo = γQ H TD

Then, Wo = ( p2− p1 )Q

Where: Wo = Power output of pump, W

( p2 − p1 ) = Pumping pressure, N/m 2

3
= Specific weight of fluid, N/m

Q = Flow rate, m 3 /s
 Note: In case that pressure p is measured in kg¿ cm2 and flow rate Q in liter/min, the
power output of pump will be:

Wo = ( p2− p1 )Q

kg 100 cm 2 9.81 N 1 m3
= ( p2− p1 )[ x [ ] x ¿ x ¿x ]
cm 2 1m 1 kg 1,000l

N −m
= 1.635( p2− p1 )Q =W
s

Where Wo = Power output of pump, W

( p2− p1 ) = Pumping pressure, kg/cm2

l
Q = Flow rate,
min

 Pump Efficiency,
Output power
=
Input power

Wo
= x 100%
Wi

PROCEDURE:

This multi pump test set consist of four different kinds of pump. Piping arrangement is as shown
Fig. 4-1 below. Test should be conducted for one pump at one time by valve opening and closing
in order to allow water to flow through that one particular pump only.
Before Running the Test:

1.) Check the outlet valve V9 if it is closed.

2.) Fill water into the storage tank, up to a nearly full level (38 approx.. 5-10 cm from the
top) antirust additive solution such as the one normally used in automobile application
should be added to the water to minimize rusting.
3.) Check the flow controls valve V7 and V8 if it is closed.
4.) Adjust speed to zero by adjusting the inverter (see addendum 3).

Begin the Test of Axial Pump

1.) Turn on the axial flow pump by adjusting pump speed (inverter) slowly to 2500 rpm.
2.) Open the flow control valve V8 to nearly full open position to obtain
3.) Record the following data
 Pump speed, n
 Level of mercury manometer, both suction and discharge (and or diff. pressure
indicator)
 Flow Rate, Q
 Power Input, Wi
4.) Slightly close the flow control valve V8 to decrease flow rate in steps with a decrement of
50 lpm per each step and record the data as in step 3 for each step until flow rate is less
than 50 lpm(if the pump speed varies when outlet pressure is increased, adjust the
inverter ensure that pump speed is constant 2500 rpm). Then record the same data as step
3 for each step.
5.) Test at other speeds such as 2000 and 1500 rpm by following step 2 to 4.
 DATA SHEET

HP 405B MULTIPUMP TEST SET

Pump type: Centrifugal Pump Axial Pump Reciprocating Pump

Tested by: …………………..… Date: ………..

Test 1

Water Total Pump power Pump

Prime Mover Meter Pressure Hydraulic Efficiency
Dynamic Input or Watt
speed (n) (P2 – P1) Power Output Ŋ
Flow Rate Head meter Wi
rpm (kg/cm2) Wo (W) (%)
Q (lpm) HTDH (m) (W)

2500 360 0.03 30000 m 150 W 10.8 W 72 %

2500 314 0.025 25000 m 150 W 62.8 W 41 %

2500 264 0.02 20000 m 150 W 52.8 W 35 %

2500 210 0.01 10000 m 150 W 21 W 14 %

2500 165 0.009 9000 m 150 W 14. W 9%

2500 115 0.003 3000 m 150 W 3W 7.2 %

2500 53 0.001 1000 m 150 W .53 W 2.4 %

Test 2
Water Total Pump power Pump
Prime Mover Meter Hydraulic Efficiency
Pressure P Dynamic Input or Watt
speed (n) Power Output Ŋ
Flow Rate (kg/cm2) Head meter Wi
rpm Wo (W) (%)
Q (lpm) HTDH (m) (W)

2000 300 0.03 0.3 100 W 9 90 %

2000 260 0.02 0.2 100 W 5.2 52 %

2000 214 0.012 0.12 100 W 2.568 25.6 %

2000 160 0.009 0.09 100 W 1.44 14.4 %

2000 116 0.005 0.05 100 W .58 5.8 %

2000 51 0.001 0.01 100 W .51 5.1 %

Test 3
Water Total Pump power Pump
Prime Mover Meter Hydraulic Efficiency
Pressure P Dynamic Input or Watt
speed (n) Power Output Ŋ
Flow Rate (kg/cm2) Head meter Wi
rpm Wo (W) (%)
Q (lpm) HTDH (m) (W)

1500 230 0.022 0.22 62 W 5.06 81.6 %

1500 185 0.02 0.2 62 W 3.7 59 %

1500 126 0.006 0.06 62 W .756 12 %

1500 70 0.004 0.04 62 W .14 2.3 %

1500 40 0.001 0.01 62 W .04 .6 %

COMPUTATIONS:

TEST 1
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (3000) (360)
= 1080000 W
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (2500) (314)
= 628000 W
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (2000) (264)
= 210000 W
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (1000) (210)
= 148500 W
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (900) (165)
= 34500 W
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (300) (115)
= 108000 W
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (100) (53)
= 5300 W

Wo Wo
η= x 100% η= x 100%
Wi Wi
10. 80000 628000
= x 100% = x 100%
150 150
= 72 % = 41 %
 Wo HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1)
η= x 100%
Wi = 10 (.03)
528000 = .3
= x 100%
150
HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1)
= 35 %
= 10 (.02)
Wo = .2
η= x 100%
Wi
HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1)
210000 = 10 (.012)
= x 100%
150 = .12
= 14 %
HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1)
Wo = 10 (.009)
η= x 100%
Wi = .09
148500
= x 100% HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1)
150
=9% = 10 (.005)
= .05
Wo
η= x 100% HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1)
Wi
= 10 (.001)
34500
= x 100% = .01
150
= 7.2 %

Wo
η= x 100%
Wi
5300
= x 100%
150
= 2.4 %

TEST 2
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q Wo
η= x 100%
= (.03) (300) Wi
=9W 10.80000
= x 100%
150
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q = 72 %
= (.02) (260)
= 5.2 W Wo
η= x 100%
Wi
9
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q = x 100%
150
= (.012) (214) = 90 %
= 2.568 W
Wo
η= x 100%
Wi
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
5.2
= (.009) (160) = x 100%
150
= 1.44 W
= 52 %

Wo
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q η= x 100%
Wi
= (.005) (116)
= .58W 2.568
= x 100%
150
= 25.6 %
Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (.001) (51) Wo
η= x 100%
= .51 W Wi
1.44
= x 100%
150
= 14.4 %

Wo
η= x 100%
Wi
.58
= x 100%
150
= 5.8 %

Wo
η= x 100%
Wi
.51
= x 100%
150
= 5.1%
 Wo
η= x 100%
Wi
3.7
= x 100%
150
= 59.67 %

Wo
η= x 100%
Wi
TEST 3 .756
= x 100%
150
HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1) = 12 %
= 10 (.022)
= .22

HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1) Wo = (P2 – P1) Q

= 10 (.02) = (.022) (230)
= .2 = 5.06 W

HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1) Wo = (P2 – P1) Q

= 10 (.006) = (.02) (185)
= .06 = 3.7 W
HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1)
= 10 (.002) Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= .02 = (.006) (126)
= .756 W
HTDH (m) = 10 (P2 – P1)
= 10 (.001)
= .01 Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (.002) (70)
= .14 W

Wo = (P2 – P1) Q
= (.001) (50)
= .04 W
Wo
η= x 100%
Wi
5.06
= x 100%
150
= 81.61 %
 Wo Wo
η= x 100% η= x 100%
Wi Wi
.14 .04
= x 100% = x 100%
150 150
= 2.25% = .6 %

QUESTIONS:

1. What are the 4 types of pumps used in the experiments

a. Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-

absorbing turbomachinery. Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the
conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow.
The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor.
b. Turbine pumps are special types of centrifugal pumps which use turbine-like
impellers with radially oriented teeth to move fluid. They are also referred to as
vortex, periphery, or regenerative pumps. These pumps combine the high discharge
pressures of positive displacement or multi-stage centrifugal pumps with the flexible
operation of centrifugal pumps.
c. A reciprocating pump is a class of positive-displacement pumps which includes
the piston pump, plunger pump and diaphragm pump. When well maintained,
reciprocating pumps will last for years or even decades; however, left untouched, they
can undergo rigorous wear and tear. It is often used where a relatively small quantity
of liquid is to be handled and where delivery pressure is quite large. In reciprocating
pumps, the chamber in which the liquid is trapped, is a stationary cylinder that
contains the piston or plunger.
d. An axial-flow pump, or AFP, is a common type of pump that essentially consists of
a propeller (an axial impeller) in a pipe. The propeller can be driven directly by a
 sealed motor in the pipe or by electric motor or petrol/diesel engines mounted to the
pipe from the outside or by a right-angle drive shaft that pierces the pipe.

2. Differences of the 4 pumps.

Both centrifugal and reciprocating pumps are most common type of pumps used to move
fluid and increase its pressure. The difference between centrifugal and reciprocating
pumps is that centrifugal pump is one of the rotary pumps which used kinetic energy of
impeller whereas reciprocating pump is a positive displacement type pump which is
forced by piston. A turbine pump is a type of centrifugal pump. The difference is that
most pumps referred to as centrifugal have impeller vanes that accelerate liquids in a
radial direction from the rotating shaft. Turbine pumps accelerate liquids more toward the
axis of the rotating shaft. There is a type of pump called an axial flow pump. How a
turbine pump differs from an axial flow pump is they have static non moving vanes in
addition to the rotating impeller vanes. With fixed and rotating vanes a turbine pump
resembles a steam turbine or a jet engine turbine.

3. Figure of Pumps
 Turbine Pump

OBSERVATION:
CONCLUSION:
Graphs:

This graph shows the Pressure to Flow rate

3.5

2.5

2
2500 rpm
2000 rpm
1.5 1500 rpm

0.5

0
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 25

This Graph shows the Efficiency to Flow rate

100

90

80

70

60
2500 rpm
50
2000 rpm
40 1500 rpm

30

20

10

0
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM DALTA

Alabang-Zapote Road, Pamplona 3, Las Pinas City, Metro Manila 1740, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Mechanical Engineering Laboratory 2

Name of Student :

Student Number :

Case No./ Title : Case No. 8 HP 405B Multi Pump Test Set (Axial Pump)

Program, Year, and Section : BSME - IV

Instructor : Engr. Robert James Lomotan

Highly Satisfactory Below Satisfactory Score

Criteria Exceptional (5)
(4)
Satisfactory (3)
(2)
Not Satisfactory (1)

CONTENT:
Set – up and All equipment Set-up of equipment is Set-up of equipment is Set-up of equipment is not
accurately placed generally accurate with 1 generally workable accurate, help is required with
equipment care All equipment accurately or 2 small details that with several details several major details
placed All necessary supplies need refinement that need refinement

(CO 1, 3, 4) on hand Many necessary supplies have

All necessary supplies on hand All necessary supplies on Some necessary to be searches out
hand supplies have to be
 Very neat and organized
Complete & well-written;
provides concise, specific,
Data processing and
and measurable engineering
analysis priniciples. Evidences of
Patent search was provided.
(CO 1, 2)
Effectively presents how the
objectives were formulated
and attained & the purpose of
the project.
Convincingly describes what
Conclusion has been learned by doing the
project.
(CO 5)
Evidences of successful and
actual implementation,
sustainable development of
the project was provided.
FORM: (How the substance is presented)
The report presents verbal
CLARITY OF
findings clearly and with
WRITING sufficient support. Clear and
straight to the point,
(CO 5)
VISUAL
APPEARANCE &
FORMATTING Visuals were clearly and
accurately presented.
(CO 5)
GRAMMATICAL
CORRECTNESS
All grammar and spelling are
OF SENTENCES correct and very well-written.
(CO 5)
TOTAL SCORE
Well-written and
provides concise, The case analysis
specific, and provides concise,
measurable,
specific, and measurable,
engineering principles.
engineering priniciples.
Effectively presents Objectives were
how the objectives formulated well but the
were formulated and justifications if they have
attained, and the been attained were not
purpose of the project. written profoundly.
The report presents Sufficient findings are
verbal findings clearly. well-written although
Clear and straight to details supporting the
the point, written in the results are not existent.
form required Written in the form
(engineering-lettering) required.
Visuals were clearly
Visuals were present, but
explanations to support
presented.
were missing.
Grammar was correct,
Grammar and spelling
are correct.
but the report has some
typographical errors.
searched out
There is engineering
The engineering priniciples
priniciples, but still
needs major information and/or
missing some major
is incorrect.
points.
Objectives were Objectives were not attained.
poorly formulated, and Conclusions were not well
conclusions written written. Learnings from the
did not correspond activity were not documented
accordingly. as well.
Insufficient/unsupporti Report was unclear and not
ng explanations were directing to the main point of
included. Not written the activity. The manner of
in the manner writing was not at all related to
required. the form required.
The visual
representations were No visuals (graphs, figures,
lacking with necessary tables, etc.) were presented.
details.
There were some Grammar needs improvement,
errors in the grammar inappropriate terms/words
and spelling of the were used, and there were also
submitted report. spelling errors.