Example:

Write a program to move a block of data stored at memory area

[1000:100 through 1000:1FF], to another memory area starting at
address [1000:200].
Solution:

MOV AX,1000
MOV DS, AX

MOV SI,100
MOV DI,200
MOV CX,100

TOP: MOV AL,[SI]

MOV [DI],AL

INC SI
INC DI
DEC CX
JNZ TOP
HLT 28
Control Flow and Jump Instructions
 EXAMPLE:
Implement an instruction sequence that calculates the absolute
difference between the contents of AX and BX and places it in
DX

 Solution:
CMP AX, BX
JC DIFF2
DIFF1: MOV DX, AX
SUB DX, BX ; (DX)=(AX)-(BX)
JMP DONE
DIFF2: MOV DX, BX
SUB DX, AX ; (DX)=(BX)-(AX)
DONE: NOP
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Subroutines and Subroutine- Handling
Instructions
 Subroutine (Procedure) : a special program that can
be called for execution from any point in a program
 Return instruction must be included at the end of the
subroutine to initiate the return sequence to the main
program environment

 Subroutine- Handling Instructions

◦ CALL and RET instructions
◦ PUSH and POP instructions

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Subroutines and Subroutine- Handling
Instructions
 Subroutine concept

31
Subroutines and Subroutine- Handling
Instructions
 CALL and RET instructions

32
Subroutines and Subroutine- Handling
Instructions
 Call allows implementation of two types of operations:
intrasegment call and intersegment call
◦ Near-proc
Call 1234H : 1234H is loaded into IP

◦ Regptr16
Call BX : Contents of BX are loaded into IP

◦ Far-proc and Memptr32

Call [BX] : Subroutine offset at the memory location is derived
from contents of DS and BX

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Subroutines and Subroutine- Handling
Instructions
 CALL and RET instructions

34
Subroutines and Subroutine- Handling
Instructions
 RET instruction causes IP or both IP and CS that were
saved on the stack to be returned back to their
corresponding registers

35
Subroutines and Subroutine- Handling
Instructions
 PUSH and POP instructions
◦ Original contents are kept intact in the stack segment of a
memory during the execution of the subroutine

36
Subroutines and Subroutine- Handling
Instructions
 PUSH and POP instructions

37
Subroutines and Subroutine- Handling
Instructions
 PUSH and POP instructions
◦ PUSH AX (SS:SP)
((SP) – 1)  (AH)
((SP) – 2)  (AL)

(SP)  (SP) - 2

◦ POP AX (SS:SP)
(AL)  ((SP))
(AH)  ((SP) + 1)

(SP)  (SP) + 2

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Loop and the Loop-handling Instructions
 LOOP instructions
◦ It uses the contents of the CX register
◦ CX must be preloaded with a count that represents the number of
times the loop is to repeat
◦ Contents of CX are decremented by one and then checked to
determine if they are equal to zero
◦ If it is equal to zero, the loop is complete and the instruction
following LOOP is executed

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Loop and the Loop-handling Instructions
 LOOP instructions

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Loop and the Loop-handling Instructions
 LOOP instructions

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Loop and the Loop-handling Instructions
 EXAMPLE: Given the following sequence of instructions,
explain what happens as they are executed

MOV DL, 05H

MOV AX, 0A00H
MOV DS, AX
MOV SI, 0000H
MOV CX, 000FH
AGAIN: INC SI
CMP [SI], DL
LOOPNE AGAIN

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