Organic Molecules Chart

Monomers/
Polymers Elements More… Examples/ Foods Functions Chemical Test
subunits
C Monosaccharides -Disaccharide (double sugar); All sugars, fruits, -quick energy -Monosaccharide-
Carbohydrates H (single sugar); ex- ex- sucrose starches (bread, -component in cell Benedict’s Test
O glucose, fructose -polysaccharide (many pasta, rice, membranes (turns from
C6H12O6 sugars); potatoes) turquoise to green,
ex- glycogen yellow, orange or
-Storage molecule red)
starch in animals
-storage molecule -Polysaccharide-
cellulose in plants Iodine turns from a
-component in rust color to bluish
plant cell walls black
Lipids C -from plants: liquid at room Fats -stored energy -Solubility test-does
H 1 glycerol temp; unsaturated (contains Oils NOT dissolve in
O 1 or more double bonds Waxes -insulation water; DOES
and between carbons, so fewer steroids dissolve in polar
H); oils cholesterol -cushioning substances
3 fatty acids
-from animals: solid at room Lard, grease, -component in cell -Brown paper test-
temp; saturated (only single butter, oil membranes leaves translucent
bonds between carbons, so # spot
of H is maximized); fats -waterproofing
Proteins C Amino acids held -Primary structure- order of -muscle, hair, skin, Growth & repair -Xanthoproteic test-
H together by peptide amino acids nails, enzymes, (nitric acid will turn
O bonds to form a -Secondary structure- alpha antibodies, lining Immunity proteins yellow)
N polypeptide chain helix or beta pleated sheet of intestines, etc…
(S) -Tertiary structure- how the Speed up chemical -Biuret (turns from
helix or sheet is folded -meat, beans, nuts, reactions blue to violet)
-Quaternary structure- how eggs, fish
one polypeptide chain is structural
bonded to (an)other(s)
Nucleic Acids C Nucleotides -Shaped like a helix Genetic code that n/a
H DNA provides
O (pentose sugar, -The order of the bases is instructions for
N phosphate, different in everyone, RNA how to make
P nitrogenous base) proteins
 Organic Molecules Chart
Monomers/
Polymers Elements More… Examples/ Foods Functions Chemical Test
subunits
______saccharides -__saccharide (___________ All _______, fruits, -Monosaccharide-
Carbohydrates ______ (_____________ sugar); ex- ______________ starches (bread, -_______________ ____________ Test
sugar) pasta, _________, (turns from
-________saccharide (many potatoes) -component in cell turquoise to green,
______ ex- ____________, sugars); ________________ yellow, _________
fructose ex- ______________ -Storage molecule or red)
______ in ___________
formula: __________________ -storage molecule -Polysaccharide-
_______________ in __________ _________ turns
___________________ -component in from a rust color to
_______ cell walls ______________
Lipids -from plants: ____________ _______ -_______________ -Solubility test-does
______ 1 ____________ at room temp; ___________ _______ -_______________ NOT dissolve in
(contains 1 or more double Waxes -cushioning __________;
and bonds between carbons, so steroids -component in cell
______ fewer ___); _______ cholesterol membranes DOES dissolve in
3 ______________ -from animals: ____ at room -_______________ ______ substances
temp; ______________ (only Lard, grease,
______ single bonds between __________, oil -Brown paper test-
carbons, so # of __ is leaves a
maximized); _______ _____________spot
Proteins -___________ structure- -__________, hair, Growth & repair -Xanthoproteic test-
______ _______________ _________ of amino acids skin, nails, (nitric acid will turn
______ held together by -_________ structure- alpha __________, Immunity proteins ________)
______ ____________ _____ or beta pleated sheet __________, lining
______ bonds to form a -_______ structure- how the of intestines, etc… Speed up -_________ (turns
_________________ helix or sheet is _________ ______________ from blue to
(_____) chain -__________ structure- how -________, beans, ______________ ___________)
one polypeptide chain is ______, eggs, fish
bonded to _____________ structural
Nucleic Acids C _______________ -Shaped like a __________ ____________ n/a
H ____________ ______ that
O (pentose ________, -The order of the bases is provides
N _______________, different in everyone, ____________ instructions for
P nitrogenous ______) how to make
_______________
Organic Molecules Chart