There Are Fifty Questions in This Paper. Answer All Questions. Marks Will Not Be Deducted For Wrong Answers

2006 STPM Physics Papers 1 & 2
Time: 1h 45 min
There are fifty questions in this paper.

Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.
1. Which of the following is not equivalent to If the tension in the string is T, the force F
the unit of energy? is
A Electron volt (eV) A T C 3.0 T
B Volt coulomb (V C) B 2.5 T D 5.0 T
C Newton metre (N m)
D Watt per second (W s–1) 4. The engine of a car has a maximum output
power of 54 kW. The air resistance acting on
2. The velocity-time (v-t) graph for a car is the car when it is moving with speed v is 2v2.
shown below. The maximum speed which can be achieved
v by the car on a level road is
A 3.0 m s–1 C 30 m s–1
–1
B 5.2 m s D 164 m s–1
5. The diagram below shows two bodies of
0 T T t
masses mP and mQ attached to the ends P and
—
2 Q of a light rigid rod. The rod is then rotated
Which of the following is the displacement- about a vertical axis through the centre O of
time (s-t) graph for the car? the rod.
As C s Q
O mQ
mP
0 T T t 0 T T t
— — The ratio of the tension in the section PO to
2 2
the section QO of the rod is
Bs D s
m
A 1 C —P
mQ

mP —12

mP 2
B —– mQ D —– mQ
0 0 T
T T t — T t
— 6. A flywheel rotates at a rate of n rotations per
2 2
second. If the mass and moment of inertia
3. The diagram below shows two bodies of of the flywheel are M and I respectively, the
masses 2m and 3m connected by a light work that should be done to stop the flywheel
inelastic string. The bodies are pulled by a is
force F on a smooth surface. 1
A —Mn 2
C 2π 2Mn2
T 2
2m 3m F
B —In1 2 D 2π 2In2
2
1 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006
http://edu.joshuatly.com
http://www.joshuatly.com
Booklet 2006 STPM Phy P1 & 2(08).indd 1 3/7/2008 4:52:19 PM
7. A coin of mass m is placed on a disc which B Only a few oscillations are possible.
is rotating about its vertical axis at constant C The system takes an infinite time to return
angular velocity ω. The coefficient of static to equilibrium.
friction between the coin and the surface of D The system does not oscillate but returns
the disc is µ. If the coin does not slip, the easily to its equilibrium position.
maximum distance between the coin and the
12. The diagram below shows a metal wire
centre of the disc is
g mg stretched between two supports P and T which
A —2 C —2 are 4x apart. Three small pieces of paper are
ω ω
µg µmg placed at positions Q, R and S.
B —2 D —–
ω ω2 x x x x
Metal wire
P T
8. The accelerations due to gravity at the equator Q R S
and the pole are ge and gp respectively. Which of
the following statements about ge and gp is true? Pieces of paper Load
A ge < gp because the Earth rotates.
B ge > gp because the Earth rotates. When the wire is vibrated at a certain
C ge < gp because the Earth rotates and it frequency, the small piece of paper at R
is not a perfect sphere. remains on the wire but the small pieces
D ge > gp because the Earth rotates and it of paper at Q and S drop off. What is the
is not a perfect sphere. wavelength of the wave which is produced
9. Which of the following statements about at the wire?
an object which performs simple harmonic A x C 4x
motion is true? B 2x D 8x
A The acceleration is maximum when the 13. A student blows across the top of a hollow
velocity is maximum. bamboo pipe. The bottom of the pipe is closed
B The acceleration is maximum when the by a finger so that a fundamental tone of
displacement is maximum. frequency f is produced. Then the student
C The maximum potential energy is greater blows again with the bottom of the pipe
than the maximum kinetic energy. open. The tone that the student hears has a
D The maximum kinetic energy is greater frequency
than the maximum potential energy. A equal to f
10. The diagram below shows two coherent B lower than f
sources P and Q which produce waves of C higher than f
the same phase with wavelength λ. D fluctuating in the range of f
P
14. The graph below shows the variation of
potential energy U with separation r between
two atoms.
Q
R U
If the two waves meet at the point R, the

phase difference between the waves at R is 0 r0 r
2π
A PR – QR C ————— –ε
λ(PR – QR)
λ(PR – QR) 2π (PR – QR) Which of the following statements is not
B ————— D ————–—
2π λ true?
11. Which of the following statements about a A The interatomic force is zero at r0.
critical damping system is true? B The total energy of the system is zero
A No energy is lost from the system. at r0.
© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006 2
C The equilibrium separation between the 18. The graph below shows the change in state
atoms is r0. of a mass of an ideal gas from X to Y and
D An energy ε is required to separate the then isothermally from Y to Z, where p is the
two atoms. pressure and V the volume. The pressures at
X and Z are equal.
15. Which of the following is the stress-strain Y
p
graph for a glass rod which is stretched until
broken?
A C
Stress Stress Z
X
0
V
Which of the following graphs shows the
0 0 variation of temperature T with volume V?
Strain Strain AT Y C
T Y
B D Z
Z
Stress Stress
X X
0 0
V V
0 0
Strain Strain B T Y D Y
T
16. The pressure p of an ideal gas is related to the

mean square speed <c2> of the gas molecules X
Z
Z X
by the equation 0 0
1
p = —nm<c 2
> V V
3
19. The diagram below shows a metal rod PQ
What are represented by n and m?
of length and a diameter which increases
n m uniformly from P to Q. The rod is well-
A Number of Mass of one
insulated and the ends P and Q of the rod are
moles mole gas
at temperatures θ1 and θ 2 respectively, where
B Number of Mass of one
θ1 > θ2.
moles molecule Insulation
C Number of Mass of one Q
Rod
molecules molecule P
D Number of Mass of one
molecules per molecule Which of the following graphs shows the
unit volume variation of temperature θ with distance x
from P when a steady state is achieved?
17. The air inside a hot-air balloon is heated
Aθ Cθ
up from a density of 1.25 kg m–3 and a
θ1 θ1
temperature of 27 °C until the balloon begins
to float. During this heating process, some θ2 θ2
air escapes from the balloon and the pressure
inside the balloon remains constant at just 0
x
0
x
above the atmospheric pressure. The mass Bθ D θ
and volume of air in the balloon just before θ1 θ1
it rises are 300 kg and 400 m3 respectively.
θ2 θ2
The temperature of hot air is
A 45 °C C 318 °C
0 0
B 227 °C D 500 °C x x
20. A diesel engine does not need spark plugs 24. The diagram below shows a metal strip of
for the combustion of a mixture of diesel and cross-sectional area A and length connected
air in a cylinder. Spontaneous combustion to a battery.
occurs when a high temperature is achieved
through air compression. If air with an
initial temperature of 27 °C is compressed Metal strip
adiabatically to a final temperature of 681°C,
what is the ratio of the initial volume to the
final volume? If the potential difference across the strip is V
[Assume that air is a diatomic ideal gas.] and the current flowing is I, the conductivity
A 6 C 18 of the strip is
B 15 D 32 A — I C — V
VA IA
21. Two bodies each of mass 3 × 105 kg are B — VA D —– IA
200 km apart. The same amount of charge is I V
placed on each body. What is the magnitude 25. Which of the following statements is true of
of the charge on each body so that the the resistivity of a metal conductor?
gravitational attractive force is balanced by A The resistivity depends on the type of metal.
the electric force? B The resistivity decreases when the
A 6.7 × 10–10 C temperature increases.
B 1.0 × 10–9 C C The resistivity increases when the length
C 4.7 × 10–8 C of the conductor increases.
D 2.6 × 10–5 C D The resistivity is inversely proportional to
the cross-sectional area of the conductor.
22. The diagram below shows two capacitors of
300 µF and 500 µF connected in series to a 26. An electric circuit is shown below.
6.0 V battery. 2.0 Ω
Y
300 µF 500 µF
6.0 Ω
12.0 V
X 2.0 Ω
6.0 Ω
6.0 V
2.0 Ω
The charge in the 300 µF capacitor is The potential difference between the points
A 0.68 mC C 1.8 mC X and Y is
B 1.1 mC D 4.8 mC A 2.0 V C 6.0 V
B 4.0 V D 8.0 V
23. A parallel plate capacitor is charged until a 27. A galvanometer which has a resistance of 1 Ω
certain voltage. With the power supply still gives a full-scale deflection when a current of
connected, the plates of the capacitor are 1 mA flows through it. This galvanometer can
separated further until the distance between be modified to measure potential differences
them is two times the original distance. If up to several volts. Which of the following
the energy stored in the capacitor before and modified arrangements is correct?
after the plates are separated are U1 and U2 A C 10 kΩ
1Ω
U G G
respectively, the ratio —1 is
U2
A — 1 C 2 B G D G
2
B 1 D 4 1Ω 10 kΩ
28. A beam of protons moves in a straight B X

path through a region which has uniform
magnetic and electric fields. The electric
field is produced by two parallel metal
plates which are 2.0 cm apart with potential 0
f
difference 1000 V. If the magnetic field is
1.0 × 10–2 T, the speed of the protons is C X
A 5.0 × 102 m s–1 C 1.0 × 105 m s–1

B 5.0 × 104 m s–1 D 5.0 × 106 m s–1
29. A proton enters perpendicularly into a uniform 0
electric field and another proton enters f
perpendicularly into a uniform magnetic field. D X
How is the force on each proton influenced
by the speed v of the proton?
In electric field In magnetic field
0
A Proportional to v Proportional to v f
B Proportional to v2 Not influenced by v
C Not influenced by v Proportional to v 33. The diagram below shows an operational
D Not influenced by v Proportional to v2 amplifier with an open-loop gain of 105. The
voltage supply is ±9.0 V. The inverting and
30. An alternating current I = I0 sin 2πft flows
non-inverting input voltages are V1 and V2
through the primary coil of a transformer,
respectively.
where I0 is the peak current and f the frequency. +9.0 V
If M is the mutual inductance between the
primary and secondary coils, the induced V1 –
Vo
e.m.f. in the secondary coil at time t is V2 +
A MI0 sin 2πft C 2πf MI0 sin 2πft
B MI0 cos 2πft D 2πf MI0 cos 2πft –9.0 V
31. When the load decreases, the speed of rotation Which of the following produces a saturated
of an electric motor increases and the current output voltage of Vo?
flowing through it decreases. This happens V1 V2
because. A +50 µV 0
A the back e.m.f. increases B –150 µV 0
B the frictional force decreases C –120 µV –120 µV
C the resistance of the armature coil increases D +195 µV +240 µV
D the inductance of the armature coil
increases 34. The planes of vibration of the electric and
magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave are
32. Which of the following graphs shows the A parallel to each other and parallel to the
variation of the reactance X of a capacitor direction of the propagation of the wave
with the frequency f of an alternating potential B parallel to each other and perpendicular
difference which is applied across it? to the direction of the propagation of the
A wave
X
C perpendicular to each other and parallel to
the direction of the propagation of the wave
D perpendicular to each other and
0 perpendicular to the direction of the
f
propagation of the wave
35. Which of the following graphs shows the Distance Distance

u Monochromatic
variation of — with u, where u is the object between between slit
v light
two slits and screen
distance and v the image distance of a convex
A Red light 1 mm 2m
lens?
B Red light 2 mm 1m
A C — u
u
— v C Green light 1 mm 2m
v
D Green light 2 mm 1m
40. Light of frequency f radiates the surface of

0
0 a metal. If the maximum kinetic energy of
u
u the emitted electron is K and h is Planck’s
B D constant, the threshold frequency of the metal
u u
— — is
v v
A hf – K C K – hf
hf – K K – hf
B ——— D ———
0 0 h h
u u
36. The image of an object which is formed by 41. A beam of laser with power P and wavelength
a convex mirror is always λ is perpendicularly incident to a surface.
A real and big C virtual and big What is the force on the surface?
B real and small D virtual and small [c = speed of light; h = Planck’s constant.]
Pλ
A Pc C —–
37. The diagram below shows two pieces of hc
polarisers. The angle between the polarisation P hc
B — D —–
axes is θ. c Pλ
θ
Unpolarised I0 42. A hydrogen atom absorbs a photon and as a
light result an electron is excited from the ground
I
state to the first excited state. If the nth
energy level of the hydrogen atom is given by
If the intensity of the unpolarised light is I0, 13.6
En = – —— eV, the photon energy absorbed
the intensity I of the transmitted light is n2
1 is
A I0 cos2 θ C —I0 cos2 θ
2 A 3.4 eV C 13.6 eV
B I0 sin2 θ D —I1 sin2 θ B 10.2 eV D 17.0 eV
2 0
43. Which of the following statements is not true
38. The glass lens of a camera is coated with
of Bohr’s atomic model?
magnesium fluoride. The coating prevents
A Radiation is emitted when an electron
the reflection of light of wavelength
orbits in the allowed orbit.
565 nm. What is the minimum thickness of
B The angular momentum of an electron in
the coating?
the allowed orbit is an integral multiple
[Refractive index of magnesium fluoride
h
= 1.38, refractive index of glass = 1.50] of —–.
2π
A 94 nm C 102 nm
C The electron in the orbit nearest to the
B 98 nm D 141 nm
nucleus has the lowest energy.
39. Which of the following will produce the D The Coulomb force between the nucleus
maximum separation of fringes in Young’s and electron maintains the electron in its
two-slit experiment? orbit.
44. The diagram below shows a spectrum 47. A radioactive element X decays to a
produced by an X-ray tube. radioactive element Y which then decays
to an element Z. If initially there is only X,
Kβ
Intensity Kα which of the following influences the ratio of
the number of nuclides of Y to that of X?
A Type of Z
B Half-life of Y
C The initial total of X
λmin
D Surrounding pressure
Wavelength
If the accelerating voltage is raised, 48. A nuclear reaction which involves carbon-13
A the value of λmin will decrease and hydrogen is suggested as follows.
B the value of λmin will increase
13 1 14
C the wavelength of the characteristic lines 6 C + 1H 7 N
Kα and Kβ will decrease
Which of the following is true of the nuclear
D the wavelength of the characteristic lines
reaction?
Kα and Kβ will increase
1 13
[Mass of 1 H = 1.007825 u, mass of C
45. Which of the following is true of lasers? 14
6
A Only red waves are produced. = 13.003355 u, mass of 7 N = 14.003074 u.]

B The waves produced are longitudinal A The reaction releases energy.
waves. B The reaction does not happen at all.
C The output is produced by radioactive C The reaction does not release energy.
decay. D The reaction must involve the liberation
D The output is produced by stimulated of an additional neutral atom.
emission.
49. A radioactive nuclide of mass number m1
14 14
46. The isotope 6 C decays into 7 N by emitting a decays by emitting a β -particle and γ-ray to
produce a nuclide of mass number m2. Which
β -particle. Which of the following statements
of the following is true of the relation between
is true?
m1 and m2?
A The number of protons does not change.
A m 2 = m1 – 2 C m2 = m1
B The number of neutrons does not change.
B m 2 = m1 – 1 D m2 = m1 + 2
14
C The nucleons of 7
N are in the higher
14 50. Which of the following forces has the greatest
energy states than the nucleons of 6 C.
magnitude outside a nucleus?
14 A The gravitational force
D The binding energy per nucleon of 7 N is
14
B The electromagnetic force
greater than that of 6 C. C The weak nuclear force
D The strong nuclear force
Time: 2h 30 min
Section A [40 marks]
Answer all the questions in this section.
1. (a) Determine the dimension of Young modulus. [2 marks]

(b) The Young modulus can be determined by propagating a wave of wavelength λ with
velocity v into a solid material of density ρ. Using dimensional analysis, derive a formula
for Young modulus. [3 marks]
2. A system consists of an object attached to a spring with spring constant k. The system moves
with simple harmonic motion of amplitude A. Calculate, in terms of k and A, the kinetic energy
A from its equilibrium position.
of the spring at a distance — [4 marks]
4
3. One end of a string of mass 1.45 g and length 50.0 cm is attached to a frequency generator
and the other end to a weight holder which hangs over a fixed pulley. The part of the string
between the generator and the pulley is horizontal. The string is set to vibrate. Several weights
are added until a fundamental frequency of 120 Hz is achieved.
(a) Describe the motion of the particles in the string. [2 marks]
(b) Calculate the tension in the string when the fundamental frequency is achieved.
[3 marks]
4. When a copper cube of side 2.0 cm is immersed into a perfectly insulated container filled
with 1.0 kg of water at 5 °C, the temperature of water rises to 7 °C. Assuming no heat loss
to the surroundings, calculate the original temperature of the cube. [5 marks]
[Density of copper = 8900 kg m–3, specific heat capacity of water = 4180 J kg–1 K–1 and
specific heat capacity of copper = 385 J kg–1 K–1.]
5. A bird stands on a high voltage transmission wire with its feet 4.00 cm apart. The wire is
made of aluminium with diameter 2.00 cm and carries a current of 100 A.
(a) Calculate the resistance of the wire between the bird’s feet. [3 marks]
[Resistivity of aluminium = 2.65 × 10 Ω m.]
–8
(b) Calculate the potential difference between the bird’s feet. [2 marks]
6. (a) (i) What is a shunt? [1 mark]

(ii) State the function of a shunt. [1 mark]
(b) Describe briefly, with the aid of a circuit diagram, how a shunt can be used in measuring
a large current by using a galvanometer without damaging it. [4 marks]
7. (a) State the differences between the production of a continuous spectrum and a characteristic
spectrum of X-rays. [2 marks]
(b) Calculate the shortest wavelength of X-rays emitted by electrons striking the surface of
a 20 kV television picture tube. [2 marks]
8. (a) Describe the thermonuclear fusion in the Sun. [3 marks]
(b) The intensity of radiation of the Sun on the Earth is 1340 W m–2. The mean distance of
the Earth from the Sun is 1.50 × 1011 m. Calculate the radiation energy of the Sun in a
year. [3 marks]
[1 year = 3.15 × 107 s.]
Section B [60 marks]
Answer any four questions in this section.
9. (a) Define the work done on an object and state the work-energy theorem. [2 marks]
(b) Describe the process in which mechanical energy is converted to thermal energy.
[2 marks]
(c) The diagram below shows a body of mass 5.0 kg placed 1.0 m high on an inclined plane
with base length 3.0 m. The body slides down the inclined plane without friction. Calculate
the velocity of the body when it reaches the bottom. [3 marks]
1.0 m
3.0 m
(d) If the body slides down the inclined plane in (c) with coefficient of kinetic friction equal
to 0.2, calculate
(i) the work done against friction, [3 marks]
(ii) the net work done on the body, [3 marks]
(iii) the velocity of the body when it reaches the bottom. [2 marks]
10. (a) (i) What is meant by diffraction? [2 marks]

(ii) Describe how the Huygen’s principle is used to explain a single slit diffraction
phenomenon. [2 marks]
(iii) Sketch the variation of the intensity of light across the single slit diffraction pattern
with diffraction angle. [2 marks]
(b) (i) Using a ray diagram, show that the destructive interference of a single slit diffraction
is given by
mλ
sin θ = —–,
a
where θ is the diffraction angle, λ the wavelength, a the width of the slit and m an
integer. [4 marks]
(ii) If the diffraction angle is very small, estimate the optical resolution for light of
wavelength 500 nm. [Assume that the aperture of eyelens is 3.0 mm.] [3 marks]
(iii) Using the equation in (b) (i) with m = 1, explain why an electron microscope resolves
better than an optical microscope. [2 marks]
11. (a) The diagram below shows an aluminium rod 1.0 m long and 1.0 cm in diameter with
their ends connected to two blocks B and C. Blocks B and C are maintained at 100 °C
and 0 °C respectively. The side of the rod is perfectly insulated. The system reaches
equilibrium.
Rod
B C
(i) Calculate the rate of heat flow in the rod. [3 marks]

(ii) Calculate the temperature at a point 25 cm from block C. [2 marks]
(b) If block C is instantaneously replaced by a huge block of ice, calculate the amount of ice
melt in 10 minutes. [3 marks]
(c) Half of the aluminium rod is then replaced with a brass rod of equal dimensions, with
its free end connected to block C as shown in the diagram below. The system reaches
equilibrium.
Brass
B C
Aluminium
(i) Calculate the temperature at the aluminium-brass junction. [3 marks]

(ii) Calculate the rate of heat flow through the aluminium-brass junction. [2 marks]
(d) Calculate the length of a copper rod that has the same conducting ability as the 1.0 m
aluminium rod. [2 marks]
–1 –1
[Thermal conductivity of aluminium = 205 W m K ,
thermal conductivity of brass = 109 W m–1 K–1,
thermal conductivity of copper = 385 W m–1 K–1,
latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.34 × 105 J kg–1.]
12. (a) The diagram below shows an electron which enters a region of uniform electric field
between two charged plates in a horizontal direction with velocity vo. Its position is
0.5 cm from the negative plate. The electron traces a path and comes out of the field
region at the end of one of the plates. The two plates are each 5.0 cm long and separated
by a distance of 2.0 cm. The uniform field has magnitude 500 V m–1.
5.0 cm
–
0.5 cm
Electron vo
2.0 cm
(i) Sketch the electric field lines and trajectory of the electron in the field region.
[2 marks]
(ii) Derive an equation to represent the motion of the electron while it is in the field
region (ignore gravity). [5 marks]
(iii) What path does the equation describe? [1 mark]
(iv) Determine the initial velocity of the electron. [2 marks]
(b) Consider a proton being accelerated from rest through a region of electric potential V1 to
V2. The final speed of the proton is 2.0 × 106 m s–1.
(i) Describe the energy change in the proton. [2 marks]
(ii) Determine the potential difference between V1 and V2. [3 marks]
13. (a) (i) Define the stopping potential in photoelectric effect. [1 mark]
(ii) State four most important results from a photoelectric effect experiment. [4 marks]
(b) The work function for cesium is 2.14 eV.
(i) Calculate the maximum wavelength of light that ejects electrons from a cesium
target. [3 marks]
(ii) If light of wavelength 452 nm is illuminated on cesium, calculate the maximum kinetic
energy of photoelectrons. [2 marks]
(c) If this page of this question paper is illuminated by 120 W m–2 of light with wavelength
550 nm, calculate
(i) the power received by an area of 1.0 cm2, [2 marks]
(ii) the number of photons striking each square centimetre per second. [3 marks]
14. (a) Define the half-life and decay constant of a radioactive substance. [2 marks]
(b) Naturally occurring radium-226 with atomic number 88 produces the radioactive gas
radon-222 by alpha decay.
(i) Write an equation for the decay process. [1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the total kinetic energy of the decay products in MeV. [3 marks]
[Mass of radium = 226.025402 u, mass of radon = 222.017570 u and mass of helium
= 4.002603 u.]
(c) Give three reasons why some radioisotopes are useful for medical diagnoses. [3 marks]
(d) A doctor uses 1.49 µg of iodine-131 to treat thyroid disorder. Iodine-131 has half-life of
8.0 days. Calculate
(i) the number of nuclei initially present, [3 marks]
(ii) the initial activity. [3 marks]
PAPER 1 µmg = mω2r

µg
1. D W is unit for power, J s–1. r = —2
ω
∴ W s–1 = J s–2
This is not the unit for energy. 8. C At the equator, objects are rotating with the Earth and
they need a source of force to provide the centripetal
2. D s = ∫ v dt
T force needed. This source of force is the Earth’s
From t = 0 to — , v = at.
2 gravitational pull. Part of the gravitational force is
1 used to make the objects rotate, and therefore only
∴ s = ∫ at dt = —at 2
2 the balance provides the acceleration due to free
This is a quadratic function starting from zero. fall. At the pole, there is no rotation. Therefore the
T gravitational force fully provides the acceleration due
From t = — to T, v = –at + aT.
2 to free fall. So ge < gp. Also, the Earth, not being a
1 perfect sphere, is flattened at the poles. The distance
∴ s = ∫ (–at + aT ) dt = – —at 2 + aTt + C
2 from the centre of the Earth to the surface is smaller
T 1 T 2 1 at the pole. This also contributes to the increased
At t = —, s = —a — = —aT 2
2 2 2
8 value of gp at the pole.
This is a quadratic function in t with the coefficient 9. B For simple harmonic motion, acceleration is
of t 2 being negative. Therefore it is an inverted U. proportional to displacement.
Option D fits these conditions best. a = –ω 2x
3. B Let the common acceleration be a. Therefore when x is maximum, a is maximum.
T Path difference ∆x and phase difference ∆ϕ are related
For the mass 2m, T = 2ma ∴ a = —– 10. D
2m by
T T ∆x
For the mass 3m, F – T = 3ma = 3m × —– = 3— ∆ϕ = — × 2π
2m 2 λ
3T 5T
∴ F = T + — = — = 2.5 T (PR–QR)
2 2 = 2π × ————
λ
4. C Power, P = F × v
11. D If there are oscillations, then the system is
When maximum speed is reached, force
underdamped. At critical damping, there will be no
= air resistance.
oscillations, and the system which is displaced will
∴ P = 2v 2 × v = 2v 3
reach equilibrium in the shortest possible time.
54 × 103 = 2v 3
v = 30 m s–1 12. C There is a node at R and antinodes at Q and S. This
is possible for a wavelength which equals the full
5. C For each mass, the centripetal force is provided by
length of the string.
the tension in the rod.
Therefore, λ = 4x.
mP ω2r = TP
mQ ω2r = TQ c
13. C In a closed pipe, the fundamental frequency f0 = —,
ω and r are the same for the two masses. 4L
TP mP where c is the speed of sound and L is the length of
∴ —– = —–
TQ mQ the pipe. However, for the open pipe, the fundamental
c
frequency f0' = —–
1 2L.
6. D Kinetic energy of the flywheel = —Iω 2; ω = 2πn
2 ∴ f0' = 2f0
1
∴ K.E. = —I(2πn) = 2π In
2 2 2
14. B At the equilibrium separation r0, the total energy is
2
(potential energy + kinetic energy).
This amount of work is done by the flywheel against
Potential energy is –ε and kinetic energy will depend
friction or any other retarding force when it is brought
on the temperature. If the temperature is absolute
to a stop.
zero, then the kinetic energy will be zero, otherwise
7. B Maximum frictional force = µmg the system will have positive kinetic energy which is
Maximum distance is r when frictional force is less than ε. Thus the total energy will have a negative
maximum. non-zero value.
© Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd (008974–T) 2007 12
15. A Glass is brittle. It obeys Hooke’s law and in its stress- 21. D Electric force = gravitational force
strain graph there is no plastic region. It breaks when Q2 GM 2
the elastic limit is exceeded. –——2 = —–
4πεr r2
16. D nm represents the density of the gas which is Q= √ 4πεG × 3 × 105

mass = √ 4 × π × 8.85 × 10–12 × 6.67 × 10–11 × 3 × 105
———
volume.
= 2.6 × 10–5 C
Mass of gas = number of molecules
× mass per molecule. 22. B The combined capacitance is given by
Mass 1 1 1 1 1
∴ ——— = number of molecules per unit volume — = — + — = —— + ——
Volume C C1 C2 300µ 500µ
× mass per molecule. C = 187.5 µF
Q = CV = 187.5 µ × 6 = 1.1 mC
m This is the charge that flows out of the cell. This is
17. B pV = — RT
M the amount of charge in each of the two capacitors
m RT because they are in series.
V M
p = — —– ∝ ρT = constant
εA
300 23. C C = —–

—— T2 = (1.25)(300)
400
d
1 2
T2 = 500 K = (500 – 273) = 227 °C U = —CV
2
εA 2
18. A The change from X to Y takes place at constant = —–V
2d
volume. For the pressure to increase at constant
V is constant because the capacitor is connected to
volume, the temperature must increase. (Pressure
the power supply throughout.
law, p ∝ T ).
It is assumed that the material in the capacitor
In the T-V graph, constant volume is represented by
continues to completely fill the space between
a vertical line XY which is parallel to the T-axis.
the plates as the plates are separated. Hence ε is
The change YZ is isothermal, meaning that the
constant.
temperature remains constant. Therefore in the
T-V graph, constant temperature is represented by a 1
∴U∝—
horizontal line YZ which is parallel to the V-axis. d
Graph A satisfies both these two conditions. Since d 2 = 2d1,
U1 d2
—= — = 2
dQ dθ U2 d1
19. B —– = – kA —
dt dx
V ρl
dQ 24. A R = — = —
At steady state, — and k are constant throughout the I A
dt 1 Il
Conductivity = — = —
rod. ρ VA
dθ 1 25. A Resistivity is dependent on the type of material and the
dx
∴ —– ∝ – — (A = cross-sectional area of the rod)
A temperature. For a metal, the higher the temperature,
Ignoring the negative sign and considering magnitudes the higher the resistivity. It does not depend on the
only, as A increases, the gradient of the graph length or the cross-sectional area of the material.
decreases. 26. A Let the potential of the negative terminal of the cell
From the diagram, as x increases, A increases, be 0 V and that of the positive terminal be 12 V. In
and therefore the gradient of the graph should the loop consisting of the cell and the three 2 Ω
decrease. resistors in series, the potential drops by 4 V for
B is the only graph that shows a continuously each 2 Ω resistor. Therefore the potential at Y is
decreasing magnitude of its gradient. 12 – 4 = 8 V.
In the loop with the cell and two 6 Ω resistors, the
20. C For an isothermal change, TV γ –1 = constant. potential drops by 6 V for each 6 Ω resistor. Therefore
For diatomic gas, γ = 1.4, γ – 1 = 0.4 the potential at X is 12 – 6 = 6 V.
(V1)0.4 T Therefore the potential difference between X and Y
—–— = —2
(V2)0.4 T1 = 8 – 6 = 2 V.
V1 (T2)2.5 (681 + 273)2.5 27. C To convert a galvanometer to a voltmeter, a
— = —— = –————— = 18 high resistance is connected in series with the
V2 (T1)2.5 (27 + 273)2.5
galvanometer.
13 © Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd (008974–T) 2007
28. D For the charge to move at uniform velocity, the 37. C After passing through the first polaroid, the intensity
magnetic force = electric force and B and E must be 1
becomes I' = —I0.
perpendicular to each other. 2
Bev = Ee On passing through the second polaroid, the
potential difference 1000 = amplitude of the emerging wave is A cos θ, where
E = ———————— = ———— 5 × 104 V m–1 A is the amplitude of the incident wave. Therefore
separation of plates 2.0 × 10–2
5 × 104 = the intensity of the emerging wave which is
v = ———— 5 × 106 m s–1 proportional to the square of the amplitude becomes
1.0 × 10–2
1
29. C Electric force = Eq and magnetic force = Bqv. I' cos2 θ = —I0 cos2 θ
2
30. D Induced e.m.f. in the secondary coil by mutual 38. C For a non-reflective coating when the refractive index
induction is given by n of the coating material is less than the refractive
dI
E = M— = M 2πf I0 cos 2πft index of the glass,
dt λ
(I = primary current = I0 sin 2πft ) nt = — (t = minimum thickness)
4
31. A For a motor, E = Eb + Ir, λ 565 nm
∴ t = — = ———— = 102 nm
where E is the applied voltage, Eb is the back e.m.f., 4n 4 × 1.38
I is the current and r is the armature resistance.
When the load decreases, the armature will accelerate 39. A Fringe separation x is given by
and its speed will increase. This will cause the back λD
x = —.
e.m.f. to increase because the back e.m.f. depends a
on the speed of rotation. Thus in the equation above, Wavelength of red light is more than wavelength of
with E and r being constant, when Eb increases, I green light.
D
decreases. Comparing options A and B, — a is more for option
1 A. ∴ x is bigger for A.
32. D Reactance of a capacitor, Xc = ——.
2πfC Comparing options A and C, λ is more for option A.
1
Thus, X ∝ —. D shows this inverse proportion. ∴ x is bigger for A.
C D
Comparing options C and D, —a is more for option
33. B The output voltage Vo = 105(V2 – V1) C. ∴ x is bigger for C.
Saturation is reached if this value exceeds 9 V. Based on these comparisons, option A has the largest
In option B, Vo = 105[0 – (–150 µV)] = 15 V. value of x.
This exceeds the supply voltage of 9 V. Therefore
saturation is reached. 40. B Einstein’s equation for the photoelectric effect is
In all the other options, Vo is less than 9 V.
hf = K + hf0 (f0 = threshold frequency)
34. C Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves in which
hf – K
the electric and magnetic fields and the velocity of ∴ f0 = ———
h
propagation are mutually perpendicular.
However, the velocity lies in the plane of vibration of 41. B Power = energy per second.
the electric field, and also in the plane of vibration of hc
Energy of each photon = —.
the magnetic field. This situation is best described λ
by option C. If n photons strike the surface per second, total
nhc
1 1 1 energy per second, P = ——.
35. C The lens formula is — + — = —.
u v f λ
nh P
∴ — = —.
Multiplying throughout by u, λ c
u u Force = change of momentum per second.
1+—=—
v f If we assume that each photon that strikes the surface
u = u stops and does not bounce back, the change of
— —–1
v f h
u momentum per photon = —.
Thus the graph of — against u is a straight line with a λ
v nh P
u Total change of momentum per second, F = —– = —.
negative intercept on the — axis.
v λ c
Option C is the best answer. 42. B Ground state, n = 1. First excited state, n = 2.
36. D Convex mirror produces only a virtual and diminished E1 = –13.6 eV,
image of a real object. –13.6
E2 = –—— = –3.4 eV
22
Energy absorbed = energy of photon = E2 – E1 [Y ] = [kλxv yρz ]

= –3.4 – (–13.6) = 10.2 eV. ML–1T–2 = Lx(LT–1)y(ML–3)z
= Lx+y –3z T–y Mz
43. A Radiation is emitted when electrons undergo Equating indices of M: z =1
transitions from higher energy levels to lower energy T: y =2
levels, and not when they are in an allowed orbit. L: x + y – 3z = –1
x = –1 + 3(1) – 2 = 0
hc
44. A λmin = –—. Hence, Y = kv 2ρ
eV
When V increases, λmin decreases.
2π m
2. Period, T = — = 2π —
45. D Laser is Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission ω k
of Radiation. k
ω =—
2
46. D The radioactive decay takes place to increase the m

stability of the nucleus. Since C decays into N, the Velocity, v = ω A2 – x 2
A 1 1 A2
N nucleus is more stable than the C nucleus. If
a nucleus is more stable, the binding energy per
When x = —, kinetic energy = —mv 2 = — mω 2 A2 – —
4 2 2 16
1 k 15A2 15 2
nucleon is higher. Therefore N has a higher binding
energy per nucleon.
= —m — —— = —kA
2 m 16 32
47. B When equilibrium is reached, the rate of decay of X 3. (a) Transverse stationary wave is set up in the string.
will equal the rate of decay of Y. At the nodes, displacement of the particles = 0.
If half-life of Y is large, a very large quantity of Y At the antinode, the particle vibrates with the
is needed so that its rate of decay equals that of X. maximum amplitude.
Thus the ratio of the number of nuclides of Y to X Amplitude of vibration increases from a node to an
will be large. antinode.
On the other hand, if the half-life of Y is small, a 1 T 1.45 × 10–3
(b) Fundamental frequency, f0 = — — (m = —–——
smaller quantity of Y is enough for its rate of decay 2l m 0.500
to be equal to that of X. Then the ratio of Y to X will = 2.90 × 10–3 kg m–1)
2
be small. Tension, T = 4f 0 l 2m = 4(120)2(0.500)2(2.90 × 10–3)
= 41.8 N
48. A The total mass before reaction = 13.003355 u
+ 1.007825 u = 14.01118 u. 4. Let θ °C = initial temperature of the copper cube.
The mass after the reaction = 14.003074 u. Heat loss by the cube = heat gained by the water
There is a mass defect of (L3ρ)c1(θ – 7) = (1.0)(4180)(7 – 5) (m = L3ρ)
14.01118 u – 14.003074 u = 8.106 × 10–3 u.
8360
Thus energy will be released when the reaction takes (θ – 7) = ————————
(0.020)3 (8900)(385)
place.
θ = 312 °C
49. C Mass number means nucleon number. During a ρl (2.65 × 10–8)(0.0400)
β -decay, the nucleon number remains the same. 5. (a) Resistance, R = — = —————————
A π(0.0100)2
50. B At distances exceeding the diameter of a nucleus, = 3.37 × 10–6 Ω
the nuclear forces are very weak because nuclear (b) V = IR = (100)(3.37 × 10–6)
forces are short-ranged forces. Electromagnetic and = 3.37 × 10–4 V
gravitational forces are long-ranged forces. Between
these two, electromagnetic forces are stronger. 6. (a) (i) Shunt: A conductor connected across the
terminals of a galvanometer.
PAPER 2 Section A (ii) Function: So that most of the current bypasses
the galvanometer.
stress F/A
1. (a) Young modulus, Y = ——— = —– (b)
strain e/l
R1
F/A I
Dimension of Y = ——
e/l IG
G
MLT–2 / L2
= —————
L/L
R
= ML–1T–2
(b) Young modulus, Y = kλxv yρ z, where k, x, y and z IS
are non-dimensional constants.
Connect the shunt of resistance R in parallel to the (d)

R
galvanometer of resistance R1, where R<<R1.
R µR
R+R
Current in galvanometer, IG = —–— I << I. mg sin θ θ 1.0 m
θ
7. (a) Continuous spectrum is produced when fast 3.0 m mg cos θ
mg
electrons from the cathode are decelerated on
collision with the target. The decrease in energy of
the decelerated electrons is radiated as photons in Length of incline = 12 + 32 = 10 m
the continuous spectrum. (i) Friction = µR = µmg cos θ
Characteristic X-ray is produced when a vacancy Work done against friction
in the inner shell (e.g. K-shell) of the target atom = (µmg cos θ)( 10 )
is filled by an electron from a higher shell. The 3.0
difference in energy of the electron is radiated as 10
= (0.2)(5.0)(9.81) —– 10
a characteristic X-ray photon. = 29.4 J
hc (ii) Net work done = net force × displacement
(b) eV = ——
λmin = (mg sin θ – µmg cos θ) 10
(6.63 × 10–34)(3.00 × 108)
λmin = ————————–—— = 6.22 × 10–11 m
= (5.0)(9.81) —–
1.0
10
(1.60 × 10–19)(20 × 103)

3.0
– (0.2)(5.0)(9.81) —– ( 10 )
8. (a) Due to the very high temperature (>107 K) in the 10
Sun, = 19.6 J
• hydrogen atoms travel at high speed (or have (iii) Gain in kinetic energy = net work done
sufficiently high kinetic energy) 1
—mv 2 = 19.6 J
• to overcome repulsive electrostatic force 2
• fusion between hydrogen atoms occurs. 2 × 19.6
During each fusion, the energy equivalent of the v = ———– = 2.80 m s–1
5.0
mass defect is radiated.
(b) If P = power radiated from the Sun, then 10. (a) (i) Diffraction: Spreading of a wave after passing
P a narrow slit or obstacle.
intensity, I = ——2
4πR (ii) Points on the wavefront that arrive at the slit
P = (4πR 2)I behave as point sources emitting spherical
Energy radiated in a year wavelets in phase. Along directions where
= Pt = (4πR 2)It constructive interference occurs, light of high
= (4π)(1.50 × 1011)2(1340)(3.15 × 107) intensity is detected. No light is detected along
= 1.19 × 1034 J directions where destructive interference
occurs.
(iii) Intensity
Section B
9. (a) Work done = F.s
F = force on the object,
and s = displacement of the object.
Work-energy theorem: Work done on an object (b) (i) 0 Diffraction angle, θ
= increase in the mechanical energy of the object.
(b) Example: When an object travels on a rough θ
A P, m th minimum
surface, the decrease in the kinetic energy equals a
the increase in the random kinetic energy of the —–
2m
atoms or heat in the object. C
B N
(c) Gain in kinetic energy = loss in potential energy
1 Slit
—mv 2 = mgh
2
Velocity, v = 2gh
= 2(9.81)(1.0) If P is the m th minimum, divide the slit into 2m
= 4.43 m s–1 equal parts.
a
Distance between two point sources A and B = –—.
2m
Wavelets from A and B produce destructive

interference at P when
100 – 0
x
100 – 0
(385)π(0.005)2 ——— = (205)π(0.005)2 ———
1.0
1 385
BP – AP = BN = —λ
2
Length of copper rod, x = —– 1.0 = 1.88 m
205
Angle PBC = angle BAN = θ
BN 12. (a) (i) –
In triangle ANB, sin θ = —–
AB
AB sin θ = BN E + Path
a 1
—–sin θ = —λ
2m 2 (ii) At any time = t,
x
mλ • horizontal displacement, x = vot, t = —
sin θ = —– vo
a 1
λ • vertical displacement, s = ut + —at 2
(ii) If θ is small, sin θ = θ radians = — 2
a
1 x
λ 500 × 10–9 y = 0 + —a(—)2
Optical resolution, θ = — = ——–—— 2 vo
a 3.0 × 10–3
eE
= 1.7 × 10–4 rad (Acceleration = a = — = constant)
m
(iii) de Broglie’s wavelength of electron beam,
λe << λ, wavelength of light. eEx 2
y = ——–
λ 2mv02
For optical microscope, resolution θ = —
a
λ (iii) Parabolic path
For electron microscope, resolution θe = —e (iv) When x = 5.0 cm = 0.050 m, y = 1.50 cm
a
Since λe << λ, θe<< θ. = 0.0150 m
Hence compared to the optical microscope, eEx 2
y = —–—2
the electron microscope is able to distinguish 2mvo
eE
clearly two points that are much closer. Initial velocity, v0 = x ——
2my
dQ (1.60 × 10–19)(500)
11. (a) (i) Rate of heat flow, –— = (0.050) —————————–
dt 2(9.11 × 10–31)(0.0150)
dθ
= –kA –— = (205)π(0.005)2 ———–
dx 100 – 0
1.0 = 2.71 × 106 m s–1
(b) (i) Kinetic energy increases, electric potential
= 1.61 W energy decreases.
(ii) Temperature gradient = – 100 °C m–1 Gain in kinetic energy
Temperature 25 cm from C or 75 cm from B = loss in electric potential energy
= 100 + (–100 × 0.75) = 25 °C (ii) Loss in electric potential energy
(b) Heat transferred in 10 minutes, = gain in kinetic energy
Q = (1.61)(10 × 60) = 966 J
1
Q 966 e(V1 – V2) = —mv 2
Mass of ice melted = — = ————– 2
L 3.34 × 105
mv 2
= 2.89 × 10–3 kg (V1 – V2) = —–
2e
(c) (i) Let θ = temperature at the junction.
(1.67 × 10–27)(2.0 × 106)2
Temperature gradient ∝ —
1 = —————————— = 2.09 × 104 V
k 2(1.60 × 10–19)
100 – θ 1 13. (a) (i) Stopping potential: Minimum reverse potential
For aluminium, —–—— ∝ —— (1)
0.50 205 that is required to stop all photoelectrons from
θ–0 1 reaching the anode.
For brass, —–— ∝ —— (2)
0.50 109 (ii) • Existence of threshold frequency, which is the
(1) 100 – θ 109 minimum frequency of the electromagnetic
— , ——–— = ——
(2) θ 205 radiation that would eject photoelectrons
θ = 65.3 oC from a metal, or the existence of work
dQ dθ function which is the minimum energy
(ii) Rate of heat flow, — = –kA —
dt dx required for a photoelectron to escape from
2 100 – 65.3
a metal surface.

= (205)π(0.005) ————— = 1.12 W
0.50 • Instantaneous emission of photoelectrons.
(d) Rate of heat flow in copper rod • Photoelectric current increases when the
= rate of heat flow in aluminium rod intensity of electromagnetic radiation
increases.
• Maximum kinetic energy of photoelectron 226 222 4
does not depend on the intensity of the (b) (i) Ra →

88 86Rn + 2He
electromagnetic radiation but increases (ii) Mass defect, ∆m = 226.025402 u – (222.017570
when the frequency of the radiation + 4.002603) u
increases. = 0.005229 u
hc
(b) (i) Work function = —— Total kinetic energy = (∆m)c 2
λmax
= (0.005229)(1.66 × 10–27 )(3.00 × 108 )2 J
(6.63 × 10–34)(3.00 × 108)
λmax = —————————–— = 5.81 × 10–7 m = 4.88 MeV
2.14(1.60 × 10–19) (c) • High penetration power of γ -ray: Emissions from
hc a radioisotope in the body can be detected by a
(ii) Maximum kinetic energy, Kmax = — – W
λ detector that is outside the body.
(6.63 × 10–34)(3.00 × 108) • Produce ionisation: Used in radiotherapy to
= —————————–— – 2.14 = 0.610 eV
(452 × 10–9)(1.60 × 10–19) destroy cells.
(c) (i) Power = intensity × area • A radioactive isotope retains its activity whatever
= (120)(1.0 × 10–4) = 0.0120 W compound its atoms are attached to: Used as
hc radioactive tracer.
(ii) Power = N —
λ
(0.0120)(550 × 10–9) (d) (i) Number of I-131 nuclei
N = —————————— 1.49 × 10–6
(6.63 × 10–34)(3.00 × 108)
= 3.32 × 1016 photons s–1

= ————–—
131
(6.02 × 1023) = 6.85 × 1015
14. (a) Half-life: Time taken for half the number of radioactive dN In 2
(ii) Initial activity, – — = λN and λ = —–
atoms in a sample to decay, or the time taken for dt T—12
dN In 2
the number of radioactive atoms in a sample to
decay to half of its initial number.
– — = ——
dt
T —12
N
dN rate of decay of a In 2
–—
dt
Decay constant = —— = ——————————
radioactive sample 8.0 × 24 × 3600
= ——————— (6.85 × 1015)
N number of radioactive
atoms in the sample = 6.87 × 109 Bq

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2006 STPM Physics Papers 1 & 2

There are fifty questions in this paper.

1 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006

If the two waves meet at the point R, the

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006 2

16. The pressure p of an ideal gas is related to the

3 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006 4

28. A beam of protons moves in a straight B X

A 5.0 × 102 m s–1 C 1.0 × 105 m s–1

5 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006

35. Which of the following graphs shows the Distance Distance

40. Light of frequency f radiates the surface of

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006 6

A Only red waves are produced. = 13.003355 u, mass of 7 N = 14.003074 u.]

7 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006

Section A [40 marks]

Answer all the questions in this section.

1. (a) Determine the dimension of Young modulus. [2 marks]

6. (a) (i) What is a shunt? [1 mark]

8. (a) Describe the thermonuclear fusion in the Sun. [3 marks]

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006 8

Section B [60 marks]

Answer any four questions in this section.

10. (a) (i) What is meant by diffraction? [2 marks]

9 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006

(i) Calculate the rate of heat flow in the rod. [3 marks]

(i) Calculate the temperature at the aluminium-brass junction. [3 marks]

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006 10

11 © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2006

PAPER 1 µmg = mω2r

© Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd (008974–T) 2007 12

16. D nm represents the density of the gas which is Q= √ 4πεG × 3 × 105

13 © Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd (008974–T) 2007

© Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd (008974–T) 2007 14

Energy absorbed = energy of photon = E2 – E1 [Y ] = [kλxv yρz ]

46. D The radioactive decay takes place to increase the m

15 © Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd (008974–T) 2007

Connect the shunt of resistance R in parallel to the (d)

© Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd (008974–T) 2007 16

Wavelets from A and B produce destructive

17 © Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd (008974–T) 2007

• Maximum kinetic energy of photoelectron 226 222 4

does not depend on the intensity of the (b) (i) Ra →

© Oxford Fajar Sdn Bhd (008974–T) 2007 18

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