3.

1 – Types of reactions
Activity 6(b)
Changing Iron(II) ions, Fe2+ to Iron(III) ions, Fe3+

(1) 2.0 cm3 of Iron(II)

sulphate solution
(light green)

Procedure:
1. 2.0 cm3 of Iron(II) sulphate solution is added into a test tube.
2. A few drops of bromine water is added drop by drop into the test tube until no further
changes are observed. The mixture is heated gently.
3. The observations is recorded.
4. Observation:
The colour of iron(II) sulphate solution changed from light green to brown.

The bromine water changed from brown to colourless.

In order to detect presence of iron(III) ion in the solution add sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
in excess.

Brown (colour) precipitate of iron(III) hydroxide is formed.

5. Concept:
a) Iron(II) ion is oxidized to iron(III) ion by bromine water. At the same time bromine

water is reduced to bromide ion.

b) Oxidation and reduction half-equations:

Fe2+  ...... Fe3+ ....... + .......e....... (Oxidation)

Br2 + ......e ......  ........... +Br -...... (Reduction)

c) Ionic equation:

2Fe2+ + Br2  2Fe3+ +Br -

d) Iron(II) ions .........lose......... electrons to become iron(III) ions.

Iron(II) ions are ...............oxidised....................

e) Bromine molecules ........gain........... electrons to form bromide ions.

Bromine molecules are ……reduced…….....

f) Reducing agent: ...iron(ii)sulphate.... Oxidising agent: ........bromine water.....

Changing Iron(III) ions, Fe3+ to Iron(II) ions, Fe2+

(1) 2.0 cm3 of

iron(III) chloride
solution (yellow)

Procedure:
1. Add 2.0 cm3 of iron (III) chloride solution into a test tube.
2. Add Na2 SO 3 into the same test tube and heat the mixture.
3. Record the observations
4. Observation:
a. The colour of iron(III) chloride solution changed from brown to light green.
b. In order to detect the presence of iron(II) ion in the solution, add sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) in excess.
A dirty green (colour) precipitate of iron(II) hydroxide is formed.
5. Concept:
a). Iron(III) ion is ........reduced............... to iron(II) ion by .....zinc powder…..
At the same time, zinc is .......oxidised.................. to ...........zinc................... ion.

b) Reduction and oxidation half-equations:

Fe3+ + .....e..... ....... Fe2+....... (Reduction)

Zn  ........ Zn2+ ....... + .......2e......... (Oxidation)

c) Ionic equation:
… Fe3++ Zn . Fe2+Zn2+ ………………
d) Iron(III) ions ….......gain...... electrons to become iron(II) ions.
Iron(III) ions are ….........reduced..............

e) Zinc atom …...releases.............. electrons to form …......zinc.......... ions.

 Zinc atoms are …......oxidised.................

f) Reducing agent: ............. iron(III) chloride.........................

Oxidising agent: ......................zinc powder..................

Activity 7
Displacement of metal from its salt solution

M(s) + AB(aq)  MB(aq) + A(s)

Oxidation half-equation: M  Mn+ + ne

The following statements describe the displacement of metal from its salt solution by another
element. Fill in the blanks with the correct word(s).

1. A ..more… (more/ less) electropositive element is oxidized more ……easily…….

(easily / harder ) and acts as a ……stronger…….. (stronger / weaker) reducing agent.

2. An element that is located higher in the electrochemical series can displace other
elements that are positioned (i)…lower ….. in the electrochemical series from its salt
solution.
Example: Displacement copper from copper(II) sulphate solution.
Ionic equation: Zn + CuSO4  ZnSO4 + Cu
Half-equation: Zn  Zn2+ + 2e [ Oxidation ]
Half-equation: Cu2+ + 2e  Cu [ Reduction ]

Zinc, Zn is (ii) ……more………. electropositive than copper, Cu.

Thus Zn atom releases (iii) ………zinc……. electron to form ion Zn2+.

The electrons are transferred from (iv)……zinc atom………to (v)………………CuSO4

solution……

The copper(II) ion, Cu2+ receives the two electrons from zinc to form copper atom, Cu.

Zn atom acts as a (vi) …reducing agent… and Cu2+ ion acts as

a (vii) …oxidising agent….

Activity 8 (a)
Displacement of halogens from their halide solutions by other halogens.
Halogen in aqueous and 1,1,1-trichloroethane
Complete the table below by stating the colour of halogen in aqueous solution and in 1,1,1-
trichloroethane

Colour of halogen
Halogen
In aqueous solution In 1,1,1,-trichloroethane
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine

Fill in the blanks by choosing the most appropriate word from the list displayed above.

1) Halogens are located in Group ………….. of the Periodic Table

2) Halogen elements tend to ………………… electrons to achieve a stable octet electron

arrangement.

3) Halogens are reduced to …………… ions

4) The electronegativity of halogens or their tendency to accept electrons …………………..

when going down Group 17.

5) Thus, the strength of halogens acting as ………………… ….……….. decreases when

going down the group 17.

6) In displacement reaction of halogen, a ……….. electronegative halogen will displace

a …………… electronegative halogen from its halide solution.

Activity 9
Transfer of electrons at a distance
A. The diagram shows the set-up of apparatus for the redox reaction involving bromine water
and potassium iodide solution.

The following statement describe the redox reaction between bromine and
potassium iodide solution. Fill the blanks with the appropriate word(s).

1. Electrons flow from …………….. to ….…………through the wire.

2. The colour of potassium iodide solution changes from ………………………to

……………………….

3. The colour of bromine water changes from ………………… to …………………

……………………....

3. Oxidation half-equation:
…………………………………………………………………………………..

Reduction half-equation:
…………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Overall Ionic Equation :

……………………………………………………………………………………..

6. Oxidising agent: ………………………………

Reducing agent: …………………………

7. To confirm that the brown solution formed is iodine solution, a chemical test can be carry
out.

Method 1
Some ....................... ......................... is added into a test tube containing the brown
solution.

A dark blue colouration is obtained if iodine is present.

Method 2
 2 cm3 of ........................................... is added into a test tube containing the brown
soltion.
The test tube is then stopperred and its mixture .................. If the lower layer [1,1,1-
trichloroethane

layer] is ............................. in colour, then it is confirmed iodine is present.

B The diagram below shows the set up of apparatus of redox reaction between acidified
potassium manganate(VII) and potassium iodide soultion.

Carbon rod

Acidified Potassium Potassium Iodide

Manganate (VII) Solution, 1.0 mol dm-3
solution, 1.0 mol dm-3
Dilute Sulphuric acid,
1.0 mol dm-3

Below are some of the facts about the redox reaction between acidified potassium
manganate(VII) and potassium iodide soultion. Answer the following question

The half-equation for the reaction that occurs around the carbon rod on the left is as follow
MnO4- + 8H + + 5e  Mn 2+ + 4H2O

a) State the change in oxidation number of manganese.

…………………………………………………………………………..

b) A brown solution was observed forming around the carbon rod on the right. Name the
brown

solution formed. ..………………………………………………………………………………..

c) Write a half-equation for the formation of the brown solution.

………………………..…………………………………………………………………………..
d) Write the ionic equation for the reaction between acidified potassium manganate(VII)
and iodide ion.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

e) On the diagram above, show the direction of the flow of electron by using arrows.