CHAPTER 6

REFUSE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

By : Mohamad Shahrizal Bin Alias
 REFUSE DISPOSAL
 REFUSE : All solid wastes, except body wastes, and shall
include garbage, ashes and rubbish.
 DISPOSAL : The storage, collection, disposal or handling of
refuse.
 GARBAGE : The animal and vegetable waste resulting from
the handling, preparation, cooking and consumption of foods.
 ASHES : The residue from the burning of wood, coal, coke
and other combustible materials for the purposes of heating
and cooking.
 RUBBISH : All waste materials not included in garbage and
ashes, and shall include glass, metal, paper, wood or non-
putrescible solid wastes.
 WASTE
 Waste is material that is not useful and no longer needed
as a result of the activities performed by humans and
animals.
 Waste must be disposed to obtain a clean and
comfortable conditions because uncontrolled dumping
would cause problems such as;
 Health hazard
 Pollution to environment

 Fire hazard
 SOLID WASTE
 According to Solid Waste and Public Cleansing
Management Act 2007 (Act 672), “solid waste” includes:

 Any scrap material or other unwanted surplus substance or

rejected products arising from the application of any process

 Any substance required to be disposed of as being broken

worn out, contaminated or otherwise spoiled

 Any other material that according to this Act or any other

written law is required by the authority to be disposed of.
WASTE CLASSIFICATION
DOMESTIC

COMMERCE CLINICAL

WASTE

INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION

AGRICULTURE
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
“Is a discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection,
transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid waste in a manner
that is in accordance with the best principle of public health, economic,
engineering, conservation, aesthetic, public attitude and environment.”

 There is 6 functional elements :

1) Waste generation
2) Waste storage.
3) Collection
4) Transport
5) Intermediate treatment
6) Disposal
GENERATION STORAGE

INTERMIDIATE
TREATMENT

COLLECTION

DISPOSAL TRANSPORT
WASTE STORAGE
 Systematic storage of solid waste is essential to avoid
interference from animals such as dogs and cats as well as
prevent the breeding of flies, rodents or insects that can
cause harm to humans and the environment.
 It also aims to facilitate the collection of solid waste.
 There are various types of storage used in residential
premises to date:
 Garbage Bin
 Communal Bin
 Spiral Waste Bin
 Deep Collection System
 Vacuum System
GARBAGE BIN
 For premises on ground, garbage bins are usually
used as storage at each premises.
 COMMUNAL BIN
 Communal bins used in low and medium cost storey houses as
a centralized storage.
 Residents are required to bring to the place of collected
waste storage.
 SPIRAL WASTE BIN (PRESS ON-SITE
SYSTEMS)
 Is one of the high-capacity storage of solid waste where
solid waste will be compressed.
 This way the capacity of solid waste stored is higher.
 It can be used in areas with quantities of solid wastes such as
in condominiums and apartments.
 DEEP COLLECTION SYSTEM

 The system uses a cellar for storing waste where most of the
bins buried in the ground and a bag made ​of HDPE is
placed in the bins to store waste.
 This system can avoid the need to build a garbage house
making it space saving and cheap in construction costs.
 VACUUM COLLECTION SYSTEM

 Vacuum System is an automated system that uses refuse

chute and the suction method.
 An opening is provided on each floor to remove all waste
into the mains.
 Disposed solid waste is sucked through underground mains
system using a vacuum to be collected in a collection center.
 Waste will be collected by truck from collection centers.
VACUUM COLLECTION SYSTEM
 REGULATIONS CONCERNING
GARBAGE DISPOSAL
 Uniform Building By-Laws, Part 6 Section 118 – 122
 Environmental Quality 1974 (Act 127)
 Uniform Building By-Laws, Part 6
Section 118 – 122
 Refuse Chute for multi-storey building and other types
of refuse disposal. (Garchey System, sink disposal unit,
press on-site system)
 Design of refuse chute
 Requirements and access for garbage containers room.
 REFUSE CHUTE
 Section 118 (1): All residential buildings of four storeys
and greater shall be provided with REFUSE CHUTES
except other means of refuse disposal such as central
container system, Garchey System, sink disposal unit
and press on-site system are installed.
 Section 118 (5): For buildings other than residential,
refuse chutes is not allowed. Refuse disposal is done
through worker lift or other means satisfactory to the
local authorities.
 REFUSE CHUTE DESIGN
 Section 120
a) Chutes shall be straight throughout its length and shall be
constructed in a smooth neat surface and impermeable;
b) Inside diameter shall be not less than 400 millimeters.
c) The top of the chute shall be equipped with adequate
ventilation.
d) Chute shall be cast into the suitable metal container or
containers of not more than 0.95 cubic meters of cargo or as
specified by local authorities.
e) Opening in any of the rubbish chutes shall be fitted with a lid
or stopper which closes itself and installed tightly.
f) Garbage chute opening can not be placed in any enclosure
or corridor or protected stairs lobby.
REFUSE CHUTES DESIGN
REFUSE CHUTES DESIGN
 GARCHEY SYSTEM
 Invented by a Frenchman, M. Louis Garchey
 A bowl beneath the sink retains the normal waste water.
 Refuse is placed inside a central tube in the sink.
 When the tube is raised the waste water and the refuse
are carried away down a stack or discharge pipe to a
chamber at the base of the building.
 Refuse from the chamber is collected at weekly intervals
by a specially equipped tanker.
GARCHEY
SYSTEM
SINK DISPOSAL UNIT
REQUIREMENTS FOR GARBAGE
CONTAINERS ROOM.
 Section 121; All garbage containers must be placed in
a room that;
a) Provided with a concrete lining to place the trash container.
b) Adequately protected from flies and pests.
c) Connected to and drained by foul water drain.
d) Open to the outside air.
e) Entirely lined with polished tiles.
f) Placed close to a water source for cleaning purposes.
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974
(ACT 127)
 Section 34A, item 18 (a), outlines the types of
treatment and disposal of scheduled and hazardous
materials are as follows:
 Secure landfill facility
 Incineration plant

 Off site storage facility

 Waste water treatment plant

 SECURE LANDFILL FACILITY
 Should be established at least one site per 30,000 people
or 10 km of a settlement.

 Each of these disposal sites will need to have the support of

several waste collection site within 5km.

 Disposal site is limited to the disposal of solid waste.

 SECURE LANDFILL FACILITY
SITE SELECTION
 PHYSICAL
 Excluding areas of water supply and water catchments.
 Excluding the flood area and water flow regions.
 Suitable sites for consideration is an industrial zone and consists of a
valley/ravine with no importance, former mine site, a former pond
and former irrigation areas that comply with EIA requirement.
 ECONOMY
 Distance not exceeding half day trip
 Minimum area of ​50-60 hectares
 Age term project about 20 years
 Accessible and affordable transportation.
 SECURE LANDFILL FACILITY
 SOCIAL
 Land ownership; priority on government land to facilitate land
acquisition.
 Away from areas with high population density (should be at least
50-10 km).
 Away from preservation & conservation area.

 ENVIRONMENTAL
 Consideration of EIA report and geotechnical aspects i.e: existing
land use, type of surface, groundwater levels and slope stability.
 Consideration of the effects of groundwater and surface water
pollution.
 LANDFILL METHOD
OPEN DUMPING
 Conventional method and is still practiced in many
places throughout Malaysia.
 Not a proper method and exposed to bad odors and

the breeding of insects and small animals.

 LANDFILL METHOD
SANDWICH METHOD
 Filling method is made ​in layer upon layer horizontally.

 Each of these layers filled with soil

 This method is more effective, but if the landfill is too

large, then the waste material is left uncovered for a few
days.
 LANDFILL METHOD
CELL METHOD
 Filling method is by burying waste with a 20 cm layer of
soil on a daily basis.
 Layer of intermediate cover shall be at a thickness of

30cm and the final cover layer is 60 cm thick.

 INCINERATION
 Incineration is a disposal method in which solid organic
wastes are subjected to combustion so as to convert them
into residue and gaseous products
 Incineration is common in countries where land is more
scarce, as these facilities generally do not require as much
area as landfills
 This process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20 to 30
percent of the original volume.
INCINERATION
SANITARY LANDFILL
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Volume can increase with little addition of • Completed landfill areas can settle and requires
people/equipment maintenance
• Filled land can be reused for other community • Requires proper planning, design, and operation
purposes
INCINERATION
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Requires minimum land • Expensive to build and operate
• Can be operated in any weather • High energy requirement
• Produces stable odor-free residue • Requires skilled personnel and continuous maintenance
• Refuse volume is reduced by half • Unsightly - smell, waste, vermin

OPEN DUMPING
Advantages Disadvantages:
• Inexpensive • Health-hazard - insects, rodents etc.
• Damage due to air pollution
• Ground water and run-off pollution

RECYCLING
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Key to providing a liviable environment for the • Expensive
future • Some wastes cannot be recycled
• Technological push needed
• Separation of useful material from waste difficult
REFERENCES
i. Fred Hall and Roger Greeno. Building Services Handbook. 4th ed.
Oxford, 2007.
ii. http://jprb.dbkl.gov.my/Sulit/perundangan/ukb_1958/ukb_1985_Baha
gian%20VI.htm#118
iii. http://www.mpsp.gov.my/dasarmpsp/Garispanduan/13SisaToksid&Pep
ejal/GP13_06SisaBuanganPepejal.htm
iv. http://www.sisa.my/cmssite/content.php?cat=207&pageid=785&lang=
bm
v. http://www.ppsppa.gov.my/
vi. http://www.gdrc.org/uem/waste/disposal.html
vii. http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/civil/articles/89810.aspx
viii. http://www.qub.ac.uk/ep/online/evp822/group4/alternatives.htm
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shahrizal@polikk.edu.my