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100
w1=67.75
Solution: w=100
= 1.4-0.076x((100/8)x(250/410)x(152/250) = 1.03
Tensile strength , Tdn = 0.9 Anc f u m1 Ag 0 f y m 0
410 250
= 0.9 596 1.03 768 = 356 kN
1.25 1.1
Strength as governed by Yielding of Gross section:
Clause 6.2
Tensile strength , Tdg = Ag f y m 0 = 1536 250 1.1
= 349 kN
Hence yielding of gross area governs the member strength.
Therefore Design Tensile Strength of the member , Td = 349 kN
Appendix A3.2 DESIGN TENSILE STRENGTH
1
Channel Section (Web connected to gusset)
Design the Tensile Strength of a channel ISJC-175 with gusset plate connected Remarks/
Codal
to the web by two rows of 16mm bolts for a connection length of 100mm. Provisions
Section Properties:
Gross area A =1424 mm2
5
Depth of section D = 175 mm 0
7
Breadth of flange b = 60 mm
5
Thickness of flange tf = 6.9mm
5
Thickness of web tw = 3.6 mm 0
6
Calculation of Net area: 0
The channel is converted into plate and the net critical area is found out.
Un-Connected portion
106.4
32 50
a b
75 Connected portion
d c
106.4
Un-Connected portion
2
Channel Section (Flange connected to gusset)
Design the Tensile Strength of a channel ISMC-175 with gusset plate connected Remarks/
Codal
to the flange by two rows of 18mm bolts for a connection length of 200mm. Provisions
40
Section Properties:
Gross area A = 2458 mm2
Depth of section D = 175 mm
5.7 175
Breadth of flange b = 75 mm
Thickness of flange tf = 10.7mm
10.2
Thickness of web tw = 5.7 mm 75
Calculation of Net area:
= 1.4 0.076 87.5 5.7 250 410 40 87.5 5.7 200 = 0.9668
3
Appendix A3.4 TENSILE STRENGTH
I-Section (Flange portion connected to Gusset)
Design the tensile strength of section ISMB300 with gusset plate connected to the
Remarks/
flange. The section is connected to end gusset plate by using four rows of 18 mm Codal
Provisions
bolts at a section and a connection length of 100mm.
Section properties: 14
0
Gross area A = 5626 mm2
Depth of section D = 300 mm Gusset plate
4
Appendix A3.5 TENSILE STRENGTH
I-Section (Web portion connected to Gusset)
Design the tensile strength of a channel ISMB300 with gusset plate connected to
Remarks/
the web. The section is connected to end gusset plate by using two rows of 18 mm Codal
Provisions
bolts at a section and a connection length of 100 mm.
Section properties:
5
6
Appendix A4.1 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Equal Angle
(Concentric connection-Buckling about V-V axis)
Design the compressive strength of a rolled steel angle section ISA 100 X 100 X 8 Remarks /
mm @ 12.1 Kg/m with the length of the member is 2.5m. Assume fy= 250 mPa and Code
the ends are hinged. Provisions
800 – Clause
7.1.2.1
= 250 120.09
= 1.44
Table 7.2
is taken to be 0.49 (based on the bucking curve ‘c’)
Ф = 0.5 [1 + (λ – 0.2) + λ2]
= 0.5 [1 + 0.49(1.44 – 0.2) + 1.442)
= 1.8406
Table 3.1
Classification of the section :
b 100
15.7 = 12.5
t 8
d 100
15.7 = 12.5
t 8
bd 200
25 = 25
t 8
7
Since all the 3 criteria is satisfied the section is a semi compact section
Appendix A4.1 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Equal Angle
(Concentric connection-Buckling about V-V axis)
8
Appendix A4.2 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Equal Angle
(Concentric connection-Buckling about U-U axis)
Design the compressive strength of a rolled steel angle section ISA 100 X 100 X 8 Remarks /
mm @ 12.1 Kg/m with the length of the member is 2.5m. Assume fy= 250 mPa and Code
the ends are hinged. Provisions
800 – Clause
7.1.2.1
= 250 475.46
= 0.73
Table 7.2
is taken to be 0.49 (based on the bucking curve ‘c’)
Ф = 0.5 [1 + (λ – 0.2) + λ2]
= 0.5 [1 + 0.49(0.73 – 0.2) + 0.732)
= 0.8963
Table 3.1
Classification of the section :
b 100
15.7 = 12.5
t 8
d 100
15.7 = 12.5
t 8
bd 200
25 = 25
t 8
9
Since all the 3 criteria is satisfied the section is a semi compact section
Appendix A4.2 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Equal Angle
(Concentric connection-Buckling about U-U axis)
10
Appendix A4.3 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Equal Angle
(Concentric connection-Buckling about Z-Z axis)
Design the compressive strength of a rolled steel angle section ISA 100 X 100 X 8 Remarks /
mm @ 12.1 Kg/m with the length of the member is 2.5m. Assume fy= 250 mPa and Code
the ends are hinged. Provisions
800 – Clause
7.1.2.1
= 250 475.46
= 0.92
Table 7.2
is taken to be 0.49 (based on the bucking curve ‘c’)
Ф = 0.5 [1 + (λ – 0.2) + λ2]
= 0.5 [1 + 0.49(0.92 – 0.2) + 0.922)
= 1.0996
Table 3.1
Classification of the section :
b 100
15.7 = 12.5
t 8
d 100
15.7 = 12.5
t 8
bd 200
25 = 25
t 8
11
Since all the 3 criteria is satisfied the section is a semi compact section
Appendix A4.3 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Equal Angle
(Concentric connection-Buckling about Z-Z axis)
12
Appendix A4.4 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Un-Equal Angle
(Eccentric connection)
Design a rolled steel unequal angle section ISA 100 X 75 X 10 mm @ 13 Kg/m as a Remarks /
compression member with center to center length of 1.5m with fy= 250 mPa, and Code
partial safety factor γmo = 1.1. Ends are assumed to be fixed. Provisions
V
Area of the section (a) = 1650 mm2 Y
Weight per meter (w) = 13.0 kg
eyy U
Radius of gyration (rw) = 15.8 mm d
Z r1 90° Z
Yield stress (fy) = 250 mPa Cyy
U r2
Effective length (KL) =1500 mm czz ezz
Yield stress ratio ( ) b
Y
= 250 / fy = 1
Classification of the section
b 100
15.7 = 10 15.7
t 10 Table 3.1
d 75
15.7 = 7.5 15.7
t 10
bd 175
25 = 17.5 25
t 10
Hence the section is a non- slender section.
For a non-slender section,
Ae = Ag
Appropriate effective slenderness ratio (KL/r)
KL/r = 1500/15.8 = 94.94 < 180
Equivalent slenderness ratio ( e ) Clause
7.5.1.2
l l
1500
rvv rvv 15.8
vv = = 88.86 = 1.07
2 E 2 x 2 x10 5
1
250 250
13
Un-Equal Angle
(Eccentric connection)
b1 b 2 100 75 = 0.098
= Clause
E x 2t
2
2 2 105 7.5.1.2
250
2 10
250
= 1.16
Imperfection factor ( ) is taken to be 0.49 (based on the bucking curve ‘c’) Clause
(λ – 0.2) + λ2] 7.5.1.2
Ф = 0.5 [1 +
= 0.5 [1 + 0.49(1.16 – 0.2) + 1.162)
= 1.41
Stress reduction factor (χ)
χ = 1/ (Ф+ (Ф2 - λ2)0.5)
= 1/ (1.41 + (1.412 – 1.162)0.5)
= 0.45
Design compressive stress (fcd)
fcd = χ fy / γmo
= (0.45 x 250)/ 1.1
= 103.16 N/mm2
Design compressive strength (Pd)
Clause
Pd = fcd Ae
7.1.2
= 103.16 x 1650
= 170.2 kN
Design compressive strength = 170.2 kN
14
Appendix A4.5 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, Pd
I- Section (Y-Y axis buckling)
Design the compressive strength of the column section ISLB 500 @0.75 kN/m
Remarks/
with the effective length of the column as 5 m. Assume the buckling axis as y-y Codal
Provisions
axis and basic yield strength (fy) as 250 mPa.
Section Properties:
tf
Gross area of the section (Ag)= 95.50x10 2mm2 y
Depth of section (D) = 500 mm
Full Width of flange (bf) = 180 mm z z
d tw D
Thickness of flange (tf) = 14.1 mm r1
Thickness of web (tw) = 9.2 mm
Radius of gyration(ry) = 33.4 mm b
y
Radius at root (r1) = 17 mm bf
Yield stress (fy) = 250 mPa
Section classification:
250
= fy
=1
Table 3.1
Flange:
b = bf / 2 = 180 / 2 = 90 mm
b / tf = 90 /14.1 = 6.38 < 9.4 (Plastic)
Flange is fully effective
Web:
d = D – 2 x tf –2 x r1
=500 – 2 × 14.1 –2 ×17 = 437.8 mm
d / tw = 437.8 / 9.2 = 47.6 > 42 (Slender)
Web is not fully effective
Section is classified as Slender
Net area of the section = Ag – (((d / tw)− 42) x tw x tw)
= (95.50×10 2) – ((47.6−(42×1))×9.2×9.2)
=90.77x10 2 mm 2
15
Appendix A4.5 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, Pd
I- Section (Y-Y axis buckling)
Slenderness ratio (kL/ry)
Effective laterally unsupported length of the member(kL) = 5000 mm
kL / ry = (5000 / 33.4) = 14 9.7
Clause
7.1.2.1
Clause 7.1.2
16
Appendix A4.6 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, Pd
I-Section (Z-Z axis buckling)
Design the compressive strength of a column section ISLB 500 @ 75 kg/m with
Remarks/
the effective length of the column as 5m. Assume buckling axis as Z-Z axis and Codal
Provisions
basic yield strength of steel (fy) as 250 mPa.
Section classification: Y
250
= =1 Table 3.1
fy
Flange:
b = bf / 2 =180 / 2 =90 mm
b / tf = 90 /14.1 = 6.38 < 9.4 (Plastic)
Flange is fully effective
Web:
d = D – 2 tf –2 r1
=500 – 2 × 14.1 –2 ×17 = 437.8 mm
d / tw = 437.8 / 9.2 = 47.6 > 42 (Slender)
Web is not fully effective
Section is classified as Slender
Effective area of the section = Ag – (((d / tw)− 42) x tw x tw)
= (95.50×10 2) – ((47.6−(42×1))×9.2×9.2)
= 90.77 x 10 2 mm 2
17
Appendix A4.6 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, Pd
I-Section (Z-Z axis buckling)
1
0 .5
0.9821 1.0
0.5476 0.5476 - 0.2799
2 2
f
f cd y
m0
0.9821 x 250 /1.1 223.2045 mPa
Design compressive strength (Pd)
Pd Ae f cd = 9077 223.2045 = 2026 kN Clause
7.1.2
Design compressive strength = 2026.kN
18
Appendix A4.7 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, Pd kN
Tubular section (Concentric Loading)
Design the compressive strength of a steel tube having an outer diameter of Remarks /
88.9mm and thickness 4.05mm belonging to the medium class with the centre to Code
centre distance of the member as 3m. Provisions
Assume yield strength = 250 mPa and partial safety factor γmo = 1.1.
Sectional properties:
Area of the section (a) = 1080mm2
Weight per meter (w) = 8.48 kg d
Radius of gyration (r) = 30.0 mm
Yield stress (fy) = 250 mPa
D
Effective length (KL) = 3m
Yield stress ratio ( ):
Table 3.1
= 250 / fy
= 250 / 250 =1
19
Appendix A4.7 DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, Pd kN
Tubular section (Concentric Loading)
20