Math Solution (Assistant Director, Bangladesh Bank, 2018)

B. 50 daily workers can complete a dam project in 40 days. If 30 of them work daily
and the rest work in very alternative day, how many more days will be required to
complete the project?
NOTE: Not for commercial purpose, only
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡, for educational application.
By,
50 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛 40 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 Shakil Chowdhury
Deputy Director (Bangladesh Bank)
1 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑛 = (50 × 40) = 2000 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
1
𝑆𝑜, 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦, 1 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑜 = 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘
2000
1 1
𝑆𝑜, 50 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑑𝑜 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 = ( × 50) = 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘
2000 40
𝐴𝑠 30 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑦,
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 30 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦.
𝑆𝑜, 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑦, 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 30 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘.
1 3
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑦 30 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 = ( × 30) = 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘
2000 200
1 3 8 1
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 = ( + = )= 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘
40 200 200 25
𝑆𝑜, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 = (25 × 2) = 50 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠.
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, = (50 − 40) = 10 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑.
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠,
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 20 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑, 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑙.

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C. 3 coins are tossed at random. Construct the sample space and find the probability
of getting:

(i) One head and two tails

(ii) One tail

(iii) One tail and two heads

𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟:
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 3 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑚): 𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝑇.
𝑆𝑜,
3
(𝑖) 𝑂𝑛𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑠: 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻𝑇𝑇 =
8
3
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙: 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇𝐻𝐻: =
8
3
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑤𝑜 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠: 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇𝐻𝐻: =
8

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8. Solve the following mathematical problems:

a. A senior citizen invests Tk. 50 lac in a fixed deposit scheme at 11.5 % annual
interest for six months. In every six months he withdraws Tk. 2 Lac from his
principal plus interest earned. What will be his principal amount to invest after two
years?

𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟:
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑇𝑘. 2 𝐿𝑎𝑐 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚
→ ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 (𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡)
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 (𝑃) = 50,00,000
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 (𝑟) = 11.5%
1
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑛) = 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑟 6 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠
2
1
𝑆𝑜, 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 1𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 50,00,000 × 11.5% × = 2,87,500
2
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = (50,00,000 + 2,87,500) = 52,87,500
𝐴𝑠 ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑠 2,00,000
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = (52,87,500 − 2,00,000) = 50,87,500
1
𝑆𝑜, 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 2𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 50,87,500 × 11.5% × = 2,92,531.25
2
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = (50,87,500 + 2,92,531.25 − 2,00,000) = 51,80,031.25
1
𝑆𝑜, 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 3𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 51,80,031.25 × 11.5% × = 2,97,851.8
2
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = (51,80,031.25 + 2,97,851.8 − 2,00,000) = 52,77,833.05
1
𝑆𝑜, 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 1𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 52,77,833.05 × 11.5% × = 3,03,478.28
2
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = (52,77,833.05 + 3,03,478.28 − 2,00,000) = 53,81,361,33
𝑆𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑇𝑘. 53,81,361,33

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b. A square is inscribed inside in a circle. What is the area of the square if the radius
A
of the circle is 10 cm? B
OA = OB = 10

𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛,
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = 10 𝑐𝑚
O
𝑆𝑜, 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (10 × 2)
= 20 𝑐𝑚 (𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒)
𝑊𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤, 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 = 𝑎√2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 (𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡)
20
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑎√2 = 20 𝑜𝑟, 𝑎 =
√2
2
20
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 = 𝑎2 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 = ( ) 𝑐𝑚2 = 200 𝑐𝑚2
√2

c. Three numbers x, y and z are in A.P. and their sum is 30. Also, the sum of their
squares is 308. Find the numbers.

𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟:
𝑙𝑒𝑡, 2𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑑
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 1𝑠𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = (𝑥 − 𝑑) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑟𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = (𝑥 + 𝑑)
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛,
(𝑥 − 𝑑) + 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑑) = 30
𝑂𝑟, 𝑥 = 10
𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛, 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛,
(10 − 𝑑)2 + 102 + (10 + 𝑑)2 = 308
𝑂𝑟, 100 − 20𝑑 + 𝑑2 + 100 + 100 + 20𝑑 + 𝑑2 = 308
𝑂𝑟, 2𝑑 2 = 8
𝑂𝑟, 𝑑2 = 4
𝑂𝑟, 𝑑2 = +/−2
𝐼𝑓 𝑑 = 2, 1𝑠𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = (10 − 2) = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑟𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = (10 + 2) = 12
𝐼𝑓 𝑑 = −2, 1𝑠𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 10 − (−2) = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑟𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 10 + (−2) = 8
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒: 8, 10, 12 𝑜𝑟 12, 10, 8.

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d. After travelling 108 km, a cyclist observed that he would have required 3 hr less if
he could have travelled at a speed 3 km/hr more. At what speed did he travel?

𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑙𝑒𝑡, ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑠 = 𝑥 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

𝑆𝑜, 𝑖𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 3 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 = (𝑥 + 3) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛,
108 108
− =3
𝑥 𝑥+3
108(𝑥 + 3) − 108𝑥
𝑂𝑟, =3
𝑥(𝑥 + 3)
108𝑥 + 324 − 108𝑥
𝑂𝑟, =3
𝑥(𝑥 + 3)
𝑂𝑟, 108 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
𝑂𝑟, 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 108 = 0
𝑂𝑟, 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 9𝑥 − 108 = 0
𝑂𝑟, 𝑥(𝑥 + 12) − 9(𝑥 + 12) = 0
𝑂𝑟, (𝑥 + 12)(𝑥 − 9) = 0
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = −12 𝑜𝑟 9 (𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑)
𝑆𝑜, 𝑥 = 9
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑠 9 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

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