Unit 1

Exercise 4:
a. To discover why people were drinking less milk overall.
b. To do research, to do a poster campaign, to limit copy to only four lines, and to use
celebrities.
c. They wanted something that would attract attention in a magazine. Posters are very
visual and not cluttered with text, so they are an ideal choice.
d. Charlie Decker, the milk industry’s representative, suggested it.
e. It was successful. According to Schonberg, its success was due to the memorable and
surprising image of milk mustaches on celebrities.
f. The tone is relaxed.

Exercise 5:
1. M 2. M 3. M 4. M 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A

Unit 2
Exercise 4:
a. Because the logic areas of our brain are not active during sleep, we are able to accept
situations in dreams that would seem illogical if we were awake.
b. It stands for "rapid eye movement." In REM sleep the body is motionless, but the
brain is very active. Our dreams during REM sleep are much more vivid and active.
c. Dreaming helps us solve problems by being more creative; it can affect our moods in a
positive direction; and it can sometimes help to alleviate depression.
d. Non-depressed people tend to have positive dreams at the end of the sleep cycle;
depressed people tend to have negative dreams throughout the cycle.

Exercise 5:
a. related to the study of the body
b. making no sense; without logic
c. state without definite proof
d. concerning the nerves
e.vitally important
f. take in; gain
g. as a result of

Unit 3
Exercise 3:
a. The letter of the law said that the speed limit was 100km/h (62 mph).
Answers will vary as to the spirit of the law but should be something like: The spirit of
the law is that drivers should not drive too fast, but should drive with respect toward
other drivers. Thompson broke the spirit of the law by not respecting the other drivers.
b. formal: speed limit 100 km/h (62 mph); informal: moral order of the roadway
c. control, tactics, communicating, making decisions, and managing the subtle interaction
of traffic with the least amount of physical and social friction. They were used as
springboards.

Unit 4

Exercise 3:
a. We "associate the foreigner with the familiar" – when normal behavior from another
culture resembles abnormal behavior from our own culture, we judge that behavior as
abnormal.
b. Nothing in Dr. X's behavior indicated aggression, except for the conversational
distance. Therefore, the author decided that Dr. X wasn't really being aggressive.
c. Answers will vary.

Exercise 4:
1. b 2. e 3. f 4. a 5. c 6. d

Unit5
Exercise 4:
a. The author pauses to signal the play on words that follows.
b. Instrumental can mean very helpful or important.
c. In addition to the second paragraph, mentioned above, commentary is found in lines
41-45 ("One could also say that…of the New World"), 46-47 (Of course…your
monopoly is"), and 61 ("In an interesting postscript…"). Answers will vary.

Exercise 5:
1. i 2. d 3. a 4. j 5. h 6. e 7. b 8. g 9. c

Unit 6
Exercise 3:
a. The main idea is that moviemaking is a complex process and that there are many jobs
associated with moviemaking that the public isn't familiar with.
b. The tone is humorous. Examples: the use of the word schlepping; the pun on key
grip and tenacious locksmith; reference to care and feeding of the camera; reference to
the camera as the darn thing; reference to the production manager as a traffic cop;
comparison of Citizen Kane and Howard the Duck.
c. key grip: head of the crew that deals with non-electric camera apparatus; best boy:
assistant to the key grip and gaffer, who communicates their directions to the lighting
equipment operators; gaffer: chief electrician; focus puller: assistant to the camera
operator, helps keep the lens and shutter properly adjusted; music editor: works with the
composer and recording engineer to create the music cues.
Exercise 4:
1. i 2. f 3. e 4. b 5. h 6. a 7. d 8. g

Unit 7
Exercise 3: Some possible answers:
a. In college he was alienated from her, resentful of her, and possibly ashamed of her: he
says she was "lost to me"; he refers to "swallowing forkfuls of silence"; he says that she
had taken his power from him; he refers to the way she "strained" to remake herself with
money; he says there was "nothing between us anymore." Now he regrets having lost her:
he makes many efforts to find her; he says that he "needed to tell her so many things"; he
wants to apologize to her; he says his life has seemed to "lose some of its glitter" now that
he can't share it with her.
b. the Peace Corps, Vegas, church bazaars, Malibu, Chicano

Exercise 4:
a. made a great effort
b. intense behavior
c. move back; fade
d. buying and selling stocks
e. gathered
f. small piece or fragment
g. was successful
h. severe, unpleasantly hard
i. connect with, meet
j. shine

Unit 8
Exercise 3:
a. Hormones that are critical to growth and sexual maturation are released mostly during
slumber. Answer to the final two questions will vary.
b. The author's main source is the research of Brown University sleep physiologist Mary
Carskadon, who has studied sleep for many years. Answers to the final two questions
will vary.
c. The implied suggestion is that schools for teenagers should start later in the day.
Schools may be reluctant to start later for a variety of reasons, including tradition,
parents' work schedules, and teacher preferences.

Exercise 4:
a. getting comfortable in bed
b. a heavy blanket
c. falling asleep
d. get a little additional sleep
e. the beginning of classes
f. fell asleep
g. increases
h. move rapidly
i. the very early morning

Unit 9
Exercise 3:
Some possible answers: "terrible and puissant and lonely" (line 7); "the ocean knew" (line
17); "the first island struggled" (line 38); "endeavoring to be born" (line 39); "to whom it
was an insignificant irritation" (line 42); "the restless surge" (line 55); "the violence of
birth" (line 56; "the cold tearing away of death" (lines 56-57); "struggled to be born" (line
58); "vanishing in agony" (line 59); "soaring aloft in triumph" (line 59); "the agony of
arrival" (line 61); "the triumph of the mountain" (lines 63-64).

Exercise 4:
1. d 2. a 3. b 4. g 5. c 6. e

Unit 10
Exercise 4:
a. “The Enigma of Arrival" refers to Naipaul's journey to the United States and how
strange everything seemed there at first.
b. From the ground, Naipul's village seemed messy and shabby, but from the sky the
entire landscape looked logically contoured and full of patterns. It made him feel as
though he had missed something, that there were things he'd never seen in his own
backyard, so to speak.
c. Naipaul uses descriptive language of the senses that creates a picture in our minds.

Exercise 5:
1. e 2. d 3. g 4. a 5. b 6. c

Unit 11
Exercise 3:
a. lines 8-9 b. lines 10-13 c. lines 57-59 d. lines 33-34 e. lines 13-16
f. lines 1-6

Exercise 5: 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b

Unit 12
Exercise 3:
a. Janet’s gloves
b. a teacher's pet
c. New Year's Eve
d. seafood

Exercise 5:
1. e 2. i 3. f 4. k 5. l 6. h 7. a 8. d 9. b 10. j 11. g