Tutorial-1(QB)

1) Let 𝐴 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℤ and 𝑥 = 3𝑘 + 5 for some 𝑘 ∈ ℤ}. Is 23 ∈ 𝐴 ?

2) How many elements does each of the following sets have?

a. 𝐴 = 𝜙 d. 𝐷 = { 0, 1, 2, {0,1}, {1,2}, {0,1,2}, 𝐴}
b. 𝐵 = {𝜙} e. 𝐸 = {0, {{1, {3,5}, {4,5,7}, 8}}}
c. 𝐶 = {{0,1}, {1,2}}

3) If 𝐴 = {𝑥|6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 15 = 0}, 𝐵 = {𝑥|2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3 = 0}, 𝐶 = {𝑥|2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0}, then find

i. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 ii. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶
4) Which of the following pairs of sets are equal? For each pair that is unequal, find an element that is in one
but is not in the other.
a. {0,1,2} and {0,0,1,2,2,1}
b. {0,1,3, {1,2}} and {0,1,2, {2,3}}
c. {{1,3,5}, {2,4,6}, {5,5,1,3}} and { {3,5,1}, {6,4,4,4,2}, {2,4,4,2,6}}
d. 𝜙 and {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℕ, 𝑥 > 1 and 𝑥 2 > 𝑥}

5) If 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are the sets of the letters in the words ‘college’, ‘marriage’ and ‘luggage’ respectively, then
verify that [𝐴 − (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)] = [(𝐴 − 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 − 𝐶)].

6) Let 𝐴 = {𝑥|𝑥 = 2𝑘 2 − 3, for some 𝑘 ∈ ℕ} and 𝐵 = {𝑦|𝑦 = 𝑗 2 + 3, for some 𝑗 ∈ ℕ}. Prove that 𝐴 ⊈ 𝐵.

7) Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the subset of odd integers in the set of all positive integers not exceeding
10.

8) Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationship 𝐴 ⊆ 𝐵 and 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐶.

9) Find two sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 such that 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 and 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵.

10)Given that 𝐴 = {𝑥 | 𝑥 is a even natural number less than or equal to 10} and 𝐵 = {𝑥|𝑥 is an odd natural
number less than or equal to 10}.
Find (i) 𝐴 − 𝐵 (ii) 𝐵 − 𝐴 (iii) is 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐵 − 𝐴 ?

11)In a class of 200 students who appeared certain examinations, 35 students failed in MHT-CET, 40 in
AIEEE and 40 in IIT entrance, 20 failed in MHT-CET and AIEEE, 17 in AIEEE and IIT entrance,15 in MHT-
CET and IIT entrance and 5 failed in all three examinations. Find how many students
i). Did not fail in any examination.
ii). Failed in AIEEE or IIT entrance.

12)From amongst 2000 literate individuals of a town, 70% read Marathi newspapers, 50% read English
newspapers and 32.5% read both Marathi and English newspapers. Find the number of individuals who
read,
i). At least one of the newspapers.
ii). Neither Marathi nor English newspaper.
iii). Only one of the newspapers.

13)Out of forty students, 14 are taking English Composition and 29 are taking Chemistry. If five students are
in both classes,
a) How many students are in neither class? b) How many are in either class?

14)Let 𝑆 = {1, 2, 3} then find power set of 𝑆?

15)Let A = {a, b, d, e}, B = {b, c, e, f} and C = {d, e, f, g}

(i) Verify A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
(ii) Verify A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)
16)In a class of 40 students, 15 like to play cricket and football and 20 like to play cricket. How many like to
play football only but not cricket?

17)If 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}, 𝐵 = {3, 4, 5, 6}, 𝐶 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and universal set 𝑋 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, then
verify the following:
i). 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶)
ii). 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
iii). (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ′ = 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′
iv). (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ′ = 𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵′
v). 𝐴 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′)
vi). 𝐵 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵)
vii). |𝐴 ∪ 𝐵| = |𝐴| + |𝐵| − |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵|

18)If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are subsets of the universal set 𝑋 and 𝑛(𝑋) = 50, 𝑛(𝐴) = 35, 𝑛(𝐵) = 20, 𝑛(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵̅) = 5 find
i. n(A ∪ B)
ii. n(A ∩ B)
iii. n(A′∩ B)
iv. n(A ∩ B′).

19)It was found that out of 45 girls, 10 joined singing but not dancing and 24 joined singing. How many
joined dancing but not singing? How many joined both?

20) What is the power set of the empty set? What is the power set of {𝜙}?

21) Let 𝑋 be the set of all students at a university. Let 𝐴 be the set of students who are first-year students, 𝐵
the set of students who are second-year students, 𝐶 the set of students who are in a discrete mathematics
course, 𝐷 the set of students who are international relations majors, 𝐸 the set of students who went to a
concert on Monday night, and 𝐹 the set of students who studied until 2 AM on Tuesday. Express in set
theoretic notation the following sets of students:
(a) All second-year students in the discrete mathematics course.
Sample Solution. {𝑥| 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶}.
(b) All first-year students who studied until 2 AM on Tuesday.
(c) All students who are international relations majors and went to the concert on Monday night.
(d) All students who studied until2 AM on Tuesday, are second-year students, and are not international
relations majors.
(e) All first- and second-year students who did not go to the concert on Monday night but are international
relations majors.
(f) All students who are first-year international relations majors or who studied until 2 AM on Tuesday.
(g) All students who are first- or second-year students who went to a concert on Mon-day night.
(h) All first-year students who are international relations majors or went to a concert on Monday night.