Republic of the Philippines

PRESIDENT RAMON MAGSAYSAY STATE UNIVERSITY

(Formerly Ramon Magsaysay Technological University)
Iba, Zambales

GRADUATE SCHOOL
Second Trimester 2019-2020

TOPIC:
Quantitative Approach in Research

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirement in

EDC 203
(Research Methodology)

Prepared by:

JOVI ABABAN,LPT
Student

Submitted to:

FELIPA M. RICO, Ph.D.

Class Moderator
 CHAPTER 2: QUANTITATIVE APPROACH IN RESEARCH

I. Definition
 As the term suggests, concerned with the collection and analysis of data in
numeric form.
 Quantitative research consists of those studies in which the data concerned
can be analysed in terms of numbers
 Quantitative Research attempts to answer questions by assigning
importance (significance) to numbers or sizes or reactions and results

II. Characteristics
 Purpose: To test hypotheses, look at cause and effect, and make predictions
 Group Studied: Larger and randomly selected
 Variables: Specific variables studied
 Type of Data Collection: Numbers and statistics
 Forms of Data Collected: Quantitative data based on precise measurements
using structured and validated data collection instruments
 Role of the Researcher: Researcher and their biases are not known to
participants in the study, and participant characteristics are deliberately
hidden from the researcher (double blind studies)
 Results: Generalizable findings that can be applied to other populations
 Scientific Method: Specific variables studied
 Final Report: Statistical report with correlations, comparisons of means, and
statistical significance in findings
 What is to be observed: Quantities, scales, trends
 Types of question asked? How many? What ?
 How are the questions are put?: Application forms, Questionnaires, IQ tests,
Measurements
 How the results are interpreted (analysis)? Describe, measure, predict,
statistical tables and chart, universal, mainly deductive reasoning: everything
is known before conclusions can be drawn

III. Example of Articles

 Challenges in Teaching History Lessons in Public Secondary Schools, Zone 2,
Division of Zambales, Phillippines
 Examining the Effects of Pornography on the Individual and the Family
 Exploring the concepts of smoking addiction among the youth of NTRA
Phase 1, Taugtog, Botolan, Zambales
 Exposure to and effects of domestic violence as perceived by the first year
students of the Ramon Magsaysay Technological University, main campus,
  An Analysis on the Correlation and Gender Difference between College
Students’ Internet Addiction and Mobile Phone Addiction in Taiwan
 An Analysis on the Correlation and Gender Difference between College
Students’ Internet Addiction and Mobile Phone Addiction in Taiwan

IV. Strengths
1. Clear interpretations
2. Make sense of and organize perceptions
3. Careful scrutiny (logical, sequential, controlled)
4. Reduce researcher bias
5. Results may be understood by individuals in other disciplines

V. Weaknesses
1. Cannot assist in understanding issues in which basic variables have not been
identified or clarified
2. Only 1 or 2 questions can be studied at a time, rather than the whole of an event or
experience
3. Complex issues (emotional response, personal values, etc.) cannot always be reduced
to numbers

VI. Kinds of Quantitative Research

1. Experimental
 Compare two or more groups that are similar except for one factor or
variable
 Statistical analysis of data
 Conditions are highly controlled; variables are manipulated by the researcher
 “The effects of” “The influence of…”
2. Survey
 Use set of predetermined questions
 Collect answers from representative sample
 Answers are categorized and analyzed so tendencies can be discerned
3. Meta-Analysis
 Numerous experimental studies with reported statistical analysis are
compared
 Distinguishes trends
 Effect size (the influence of the independent variable on the dependent
variable) can be compared
4. Quantitative Case Study
 Also called single case design
 Describes numerically a specific case (can be group or individual)
 May test or generate hypotheses
 Results often presented with tables and graphs
 5. Applied Behavior Analysis
 One person
 Examine the individual’s responses in different situations (conditions) across
time
 Results are usually depicted with tables and graphs
 Conclusions based on data in these forms of presentation
6. Longitudinal
 Individual or group research conducted across time
 Few examples in MT literature
 Subject attrition is major problem
 Preserving confidentiality is also difficult
 Specific standardized tools may change over time

VII. Kinds of Variables

a. Independent Variable
 The variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher
 The variable that is thought to have some effect upon the dependent variable
 The one difference between the treatment (experimental) and control groups
b. Dependent Variable
 That which is measured
 The outcome
 That which is influenced or affected by the dependent variable

VIII. Importance
1. More reliable and objective
2. Can use statistics to generalise a finding
3. Often reduces and restructures a complex problem to a limited number of variables
4. Looks at relationships between variables and can establish cause and effect in highly
controlled manner
5. Test theories or hypotheses
6. Assumes sample is representative of the population
7. Subjectivity of researcher in methodology is recognized less
8. Less detailed than qualitative data and may miss a desired response from the
participant