Tqp chi khoa hgc triing Dqi hgc Quy Nhdn - Tqp IV, sd 1 nam 2010

VAI TRO CUA LE HOAN - LE DAI HANH TRONG CUQC

KHANG CHIEN CHdNG XAM Ll/OC TONG THCKI TIEN LE
(THE KY X)

NGUYIN THI THANH H6A', DAO VAN HUY"

Lich sff ddn tde Viet Nam ludn gan bin vdi cdc cude khang chid'n ehd'ng ngoai
xam bao vd nin ddc lap dan tde, sff nghidp dffng nffdc ludn song hanh vdi cdng cude
giff nffdc. Trong sud't tid'n ttinb lich sff khi dd't nffdc dffng trffde nguy ed bi ke thfl xdm
Iffdc, khud't phuc va nd dich, dan tde ta da xud't bidn nhffng nhdn vdt kidt xuat, du dffc,
tai dffa dd't nffdc vffdt qua mpi khd khdn, thff thdch, tid'p tue phdt triin di ldn vd Ld
Hoan-Ld Dai Hanh xud't bidn d nffa sau thd' ky X la mdt eon ngffdi nhff the'
Do ngudn tdi lieu con ban chd', ttong khudn khd bdi vid't nay, chffng tdi ebi ed
tham vpng ndu bat vai tto cua Ld Hoan-Ld Dai Hanh trdn cae khia canh: xdy dffng
quan dpi, thdnh lap Bd tham mffu lanh dao cude khang chid'n, xdy drfng he thd'ng
phdng thu va tdm tat mdt sd' ttdn danh ldn drfdi quyen cbi buy cua dng. Tff dd, rfft ra
mdt sd' nhdn xet bffdc diu ve ddng gdp cua vi Hoang Dd' nay trong eupc khang chid'n
ehd'ng xdm Iffdc Td'ng lln thff nhd't (981).
1. CHU TRONG XAY Dl/NG QUAN DOI VA THANH LAP B O
THAM M U U LANH DAO CUOC KHANG CHIEN CHONG TONG
1.1. Chu trpng xay dffng qudn dOi
* vi luc lupng
Sau khi ldn ngdi vua (980), Le Hoan-Ld Dai Hanh vdn duy tri va tiiffc bidn chd'
dp "thdp dao" nhff nhd Dinh (mdi dao 10 qudn, mdi qudn 10 Iff, mdi Iff 10 td't, mdi td't
10 ngff, mdi ngfl 10 ngffdi) (tffdng drfdng 1 tridu quan). Nhrf vay so vdi dan sd' nrfde ta
thdi ky nay khdng qua ba trieu ngrfdi ma ngach binb ldn tdi 1 ttidu ngrfdi ed tbi Id
dilu khdng bdp ly. Song theo ly giai cffa nhd sff hoc Phan Huy Chff "bdy gid binh vd
ndng chua chia, ed viec gpi ra. xong viec lai trd vi ldm rupng"[S; 84]. Ddy cflng cbinb
la nen tang cua cbinb sach "ngu binh Undng" sau nay.
Tfly theo nhidm vu, quan ddi thdi Tiln Ld dffdi quyin chi huy td'i eao eiia Ld
Hoan-Ld Dai Hanh, dffdc td cbffc thanh nhffng ddn vi khde nhau nhff: "Binh tiiy
/ong "(binb theo vua), "Thdn ve" (vd binh cua vua), "Td hitu kim ngd "(quan cam vd-
quan bao ve cung cam nha vua), "Td hdu ve"(qudn bp td'ng kbi vua ra ngoai). Td't ca
quan dd deu la quan thffdng trrfc ciia trieu dinh, gpi chung la "Thdn qudn" Trong
"Lieh triiu hii'n ehUOng loqi ehi" co ghi: "Li Dqi Hdnh, ndm Thiin Phdc thit 7 (986),
54 NGUYfeN THI THANH H6A, DAO VAN HUY

dpt binh tiic vi gpi Id thdn qudn, trin trdn diu thich ba cha "thiin td:qudn""[2; 4].
* vi trang bi vii khi
Vfl kbi ddnh gin: Grfdm, gido, roi, chfly, dao, rtu, bua, tbuIn (la chan, thuIn
thrfdng di vdi mu diu mau hay gpi Id mfl "td phuong binh diin"), khien (do gidp).
Thua'n, khidn kd't hdp vdi mfl diu mdu giup che chd vd bdo vd toan than cho ngrfdi
llnb khi xung trdn.
Vfl khi ddnh xa: thdi Tiln Ld thdng dung cd cung vd nd. Day la hai loai vfl khi
drfdc ke thffa tff thdi Dinh "vua (Li Hodn) thdn di ddnh gide Cut Long (Cdm Thd -Thanh
Hda), qudn gide thdy vua giuong cung nhdm bdn thi tin rOi"[l; 228].
* vi binh chung
Vua Tiln Ld rd't quan tdm dd'n vide xdy dffng qudn ddi vdi nhilu binb chung,
nhd't la bd binh vd thffy binb. Dilu ddc bidt la trong chien da'u hai binb chung tiiuy-b6
da CO sff bdp ddng chdt che vdi nhau. Do ddc thff cua dia hinh nffdc ta ky binh khdng
dffdc chff 5^ phdt ttiln. Binb chung nay cbi la nhffng bp phdn nhd le ttong bidn chd'cua
qudn dpi thdi Tiln Ld.
1.2. Thanh lap BO tham mffu lanh dao cuOc khang chid'n chCTng Td'ng
Sau kbi ldn ngdi, vua Tiln Ld da cd nhilu vide lam thid't thffc doi phd vdi quan
Td'ng xdm Iffdc, ttong dd vide thanh lap Bp tham mffff lanh dao cude khdng chid'n drfdc
coi la quan trpng bdn ea. Tuy vay trf lieu ghi chep v l Bd tham mffu rd't ban che. Sff cu
cung cbi ndu mdt each sd bp ve ba nhdn vat ttong Bp tham mffu dd la: Le Hoan,
Pham Cff Lang (Lffdng) vd Hdng Hid'n. Nd'u cbi cd ba nhdn vat la qud It, so vdi mpt
cude chid'n cd tdi hang van qudn, td't phai cd bang ttam tffdng ITnh. Han che' dd ciia
cbinb sff dffdc bd sung bang ngudn sff lieu thin tich d cdc dia phffdng.
Theo tac gia Trin Ba Cbi kbi ngbidn ciJu v l sff kidn nay da sff dung ngudn suT
bdu trdn eho bid't, Bd tham mffu lanh dao cude khang chie'n ehd'ng Td'ng thdi Tiln Le
(thd'ky X) gdm ed:
- Tong chi buy: Ld Hoan-vua Ld Dai Hanh.
- Trfdng cbi buy cao nha't: Dai trfdng Pham Cff Lang.
- Giup vua vl mffu Iffdc: Hdng Hid'n.
- Co' va'n cho nha vua: nha stf Phdp Thuan, dai stf Ngd Chdn Ltfu,...
Ngoai ra, con cd cdc ttfdng ITnh chi buy cdc cdnh qudn hay tham gia cae ttan
ddnh cu the nhtf: Pho ma Lff Lang; Phffng Phffdng; Trin Cdng Tich; Hoang tuf
Ld Long Kinh; Tffdng Dao Trffc; Hoang VTnh Chu; Dao Cdng My; Pham Qudng; Bd'n
tffdng d Xa Sdn (Kinh Mdn, Hai Dtfdng),....
Nhtf vay, dd'n thdi Tiln Ld sffe manh cffa qudn dpi da dffdc tang effdng, cffng Bd
VAI TRO CUA Lfe H O A N - LE DAI HANH TRONG CUQC KHANG CHIEN 55

tham mffu dtfdc thdnh lap. Do la bilu hidn eua stf ehuin bi tich ctfc cho cude khang
chid'n bao vd To qudc trtfdc dm mtfu xam Itfdc ciia nha Td'ng.
2. XAY D U N G HE TH6NG PH6NG THU V C N G CHAC
Do doan dinh dtfdc eac htfdng tid'n cdng cua quan xam Itfdc Td'ng, vua Tiln Ld
da cflng Bd tham mtfu hoach dinh dia ban chid'n Itfdc tid'n hdnh phong thii nham bdo
vd trung tam diu nao ciia ttilu dinh.
2.1. Xay dffng h^ thd'ng phong thu vCfng chac bao v^ kinh dd Hoa Lff
* Xdy dung hi thdng doanh don trong thdnh Hoa Lu
Ddn Tuln Thdng: Cd tac dung phdng ngtf vflng phia Bac thanh ngoai.
Don Ghlnb Thdp: La mdt khu doanh trai ldn nam d phia Ddng Nam khu thanh
ngoai Hoa Ltf, tff day ed thi quan sdt dffdc ca vflng rdng ldn quanh kinh thanh.
* Xdy dung hi thdng doanh don ngodi thdnh Hoa Lu
- Ddn thffy sff Van Sang: Cdeh kinh thanh gin 10 km "dinh thdy sU thdi Dinh
ddng trin bd sdng Vdn Sdng thupe huyin Yin Khdnh, thdi Tiin Li md thim qudn
doanh din ldng Thiin Trqo"[l; 113].
- Don At Ld: Dffdc dat trdn nga ba sdng Van Sang thudc huyen Ydn Ninh (sau
ddi thanh buydn Ydn Khanb-Ninb Binh). Ddn ed vi tri quan ttpng, nd'u thuyin giac
chid'm dffdc cd the tff day vao nga ba Vudng rdi vao Hang Ludn va dot nhap vao
thdnh Hoa Lff.
* Xdy dung hi thd'ng don thdy cda biin
Do dia binb nffdc ta nam sat bien, vi the' cac trilu dai phong kid'n phffdng Bac khi
tid'n hanh xdm Iffdc, mdt hffdng hanh quan truyen thd'ng cua chung la bang dffdng
bien. Nhdn thffc dffdc dieu do, vua Tiln Le da chu y diu tff xay dffng mdt sd'ddn d cac
effa bien quan trpng nhff:
- Ddn thuy cffa Dai Ac: Cffa Dai Ac ed vi tri xung yd'u, nam ttfdng dd'i gin thanh
Hoa Ltf. Vua Tien Le cho lap ddn Ifly tai day 6e ngan chan thuyen chid'n ciia quan Td'ng.
- Ddn thuy cffa Thin Diu: Xet cae cffa biin ke thfl cd the vao dffdc thanh Hoa
Lff, cffa Thin Diu vdi vi tri dac bidt quan trpng, do nam gin Hoa Lff. O ddy cffng dffdc
xay dtfng mdt Itfc Itfdng thffy binb chd't chan rat manh de phong nguy ca'p cd the phd'i
hdp vdi Itfc Itfdng thuy binb d ddn Van Sang trong chid'n dd'u.
2.2. Dap thanh Binh Ld, pha kd'xdm Iffdc cua quan Td'ng
Kbi tdng kd't kinh nghidm chdng giac ngoai xam, Trin Htfng Dao da khen ngdi
vua Tiln Ld bid't "xdy thdnh Binh Ld md phd dupe qudn 7o'ng"[3; 36]. Tuy nhidn, dia
diim xdy thanh d dau dd'n nay vdn ebtfa bid't dich xac.
56 NGUYfeN THI THANH H 6 A, DAO V AN HUY

Can cff vdo cdc dd'u tich, kd't bdp vdi cdc ngudn sff b^u thanh van, truyin khau
vd chu trffdng ddng epe ngdn sdng cua nhd Tiln Ld. Gid dinh bffdc diu ve vi tri cua
thdnh Binb Ld tffdng ffng vdi doan sdng Hdng ngdy nay tff Bic nga ba Llnb dd'n phia
Nam nga ba Vdng (tffc bffu ngan di qua buydn L^ Nhdn - Ha Nam; td ngan di qua cdc
buypn Tidn Lff-Htfng Yen, Htfng Nhdn vd Duydn Hd-Tbdi Binh).
Thdnh Binb Lo dtfdc dip nhtf the ndo? Trong chinh sff cbi chdp "thung mdc han
giang"[l; 29], nghia la dflng cpc gd elm chdn ddng sdng. Theo dodn dinh bffdc diu
cua cdc nhd nghidn cffu, thdnh dffdc dip bdng pbtfdng phdp sau:
- d sat bd sdng, do ntfdc cdn ndng, dd't bdi cffng cd tbi ddng cpc dffdc.
Xa bd mdt khodng, nd'u nffdc ebtfa sdu qud 4m cd the dflng vd lim nd'i diu cpc,
ddng cpc gd xudng dtfdi, cpc tre pbia trdn.
Xa bd bdn, ntfdc sdu bdn phai dip dd't lam u, sau dd ddng ehen cpc vdo.
2.3. Xdy dffng h$ thd'ng ddn trai bao v^ khu Dai La-Loa Thanh
Sau kinh thdnh Hoa Ltf, khu Dai La-Loa Thanh la dia ban chien Itfdc thff bai ciia
Dai Cd Viet vi day la trung tam cua da't Giao Chdu bang chuc thd' ky. D l bdo vd khu
vffe nay, nhd Tiln Le da thid't lap d day ba cum ddn cbinb: Ddn NghTa Dd, trai Xuydn
Bao va ttai Phff Lan.
2.4. Tap trung bd' tri Irfc Irfdng phong thu tuyd'n xa
Doanh ddn Xa Sdn (Kinh Tbiy-Hai Dffdng): Nam sat bd Nam sdng Kinh ThIy,
each cffa sdng Bach Dang 40 km vl pbia Ddng.
- Bd phong d bidn gidi phia Bac: Dat cbffc "biin quan", khi "nghe tin qudn Td'ng
sdp sang, biin quan Lang Chdu giti trang tdu vi triiu Hoa LM'"[1; 140].
- Bd' phdng d bidn gidi pbia Nam: Nhd Tien Ld vffa lo cung cd quan be vdi
Chidm Thanh, vffa canh giac phong thu mat Nam. Ong da "uy cho TU Mue trin dudng
vdo ddt Chiim Thdnh dUng lai Hoan Chdu mpt sd ngdy di cdng quan ehde dia phuong
bdn dinh ke hoach phdng thu"{\\ 142].
Nhff vay, vdi tim nhin xa ttdng rdng va cd kd' hoach cu tbi, cbi tid't. Vua Tiln
Ld da xay dffng mpt be thdng phdng thu vffng chac tff xa dd'n gin, ca pbia Bac va pbia
Nam, dam bdo cho da't ntfdc Dai Cd Viet cd thi dd'i phd vdi mpi dm mtfu xdm Itfdc
cua nha Td'ng.
3. M O T SO TRAN DANH TIEU BIEU Dl/C^I SU CHi HUY CUA VUA
LE DAI HANH
3.1. Trdn ch^n danh Irfc Irfdng thuy qudn ciia Hau Nhdn Bao (24/1/981)
Phat bidn dtfdc y dd ciia quan Td'ng va xac dinh vi tri quan ttpng cua sdng Bach
VAI TRO CUA LE H O A N - LE DAI H A N H TRONG CUOC K H A N G CHIEN 57

Dang, nha Tien Ld da sdm td cbffc phdng thu theo kinh nghidm cua Ngd Quyin trffde
ddy. Song ttong ttdn nay lffe Iffdng qudn ta bi bd't ldi, thffy quan ciia Hiu Nhdn Bao
chid'm dffdc sdng Bach Dang.
Sff kidn ndy trong Td'ng sff eo ghi: "Ndm Thdi Binh Hung qudc thd ndm (980),
thdng 12, ngdy At Ddu (24/1/981) Giao Chdu hodnh doanh ddnh nhau vdi gide, dqi phd
qudn gidc"[^; 220].
Tac pham "Viet svt thdng gidm euong mue" eua Qud'c sff qudn trilu Nguydn
cflng ghi: "...Quan qudn Td'ng ddng ldm, quan qudn ta ddnh bd't /(r/"[8; 221].
Tuy nhidn, nd'u dffa vao cdeh bdi binb bd' ttdn va didn bid'n ciia cude khang chid'n
sau dd ta thd'y rd ddy khdng phdi la trdn quyd't chid'n ma ehi la ttdn danh nham gdy
kho khdn, can trd bffdc tid'n eiia qudn Td'ng, thdm do diim manh yd'u cua dich.
3.2. Trdn Hoa BO (Hai Phong) (30/1/981)
Trffde hd't, phai khang dinh rang khdng phai ddi qudn Td'ng tap kd't d Hoa Bd
nhd Tiln Ld mdi ddnh tta ma ngay sau khi chung dat chdn dd'n lanh thd nffdc ta, ke
thff da vd'p phai khdng eff manh lidt cua qudn dan Dai Cd Viet. Song do trdn danh ndy
each ngdy nay qud xa, qua tdi lieu ta ebi bid't dd'n tran Hoa Bd, nhffng sff phan dnh
cffng chffa that sff dly du vd ddi kbi mang tinb phid'n didn.
Tidu bieu la tac gia Ld Tac trong "An nam ehi lupc" co chep: "Ndm thd ndm
hiiu Thdi Binh Hung qudc ddi Tdng Thdi Tdng, miia thu ndm dy cdc qudn khdi hdnh,
di'n thdng 12 phd dupe hon van qudn Giao Chi"[6; 119].
Hay ttong ban "Ngpc phd ed luc cda din thd bd'n tudng trang Xa Son" (d Kinh
Mdn - Hai Dffdng) cho bid't: "...Vua thdn di ddnh gide, ddnh qua mpt vdi trdn chUa
phdn thdng, phu vua lai lui qudn vi ddng don d trang Xa Son, luu lai dd khodng mpt
thdng, dichudn M eho trdn khde.."[I; 182].
Nhff vay, ttong trdn Hoa Bd (30/1/981) mac du co bd't ldi bffdc diu nhffng ta da
ehan vd vdy bam qudn Td'ng trong vflng Hoa Bd-Bach Dang, lam thd't bai chid'n Iffdc
"ddnh nhanh thang nhanh" cua qudn Td'ng.
3.3. Tran Dd Ld (Hai Drfdng) (7/2/981)
Do Ld la tff Han-Vidt, cd nghTa la gidt giac. Sdng Dd Ld la sdng Luc Diu va
cffa sdng Do Ld la ndi sdng Kinh ThIy nd'i vao sdng Luc Diu.
Dien bid'n tran Dd Ld, sach "Linh nam chich qudi" cho bid't "Bpn tudng Hau
Nhdn Bdo, Tdn Todn Hung cdt qudn xdm lupc phuong Nam. Li Dqi Hdnh vd tudng
Pham Cu Lang keo qudn tdi sdng Do Lo cU dich, hai bin dd'i liiy ciing edm eU vdi
nhau"[5; 82].
Ngodi ra, cac thin tich cung cho ta bid't dffdc phan nao v l didn bid'n cua tran
58 NGUYfeN THI THANH H6A, DAO VAN HUY

Dd Ld kbi chdp rdng quan Td'ng ta'n cdng md'y ddt md dffdng d l vffdt sdng Dud'ng, ddt
nhap vao Dai La, song bi qudn ta ddnh chdn kich lidt va tao ra the' giang co giffa hai
chid'n tuyd'n.
Song vdi tdi elm quan cffa Ld Dai Hdnh, cflng vdi sff ffng bd ciia thdi tid't da
ldm cho qudn Td'ng bdn loan "dim ba muoi, trdi tdi den, mua to gid ldn ddng ddng,
trin khdng cd tii'ng thdn ngdm thO dudi gide. Qudn Td'ng nghe thdy xeo dap vdo nhau
md chay tan, ldm gii't ldn nhau, ...qudn Tdng dqi bai md vi "[5; 84].
Tff ngudn sff lieu trdn, cho phdp chung ta khIng dinh trong ttdn nay nhd Tiln Le
da gianh thing lpi ldn, bupc qudn Td'ng phdi quay lai diim tap ket Hoa Bo-Bach Ding.
3.4. Trdn Lye Giang (Hrfhg Ydn) (3/981)
Nguydn nhan dan dd'n trdn Luc Giang la do Hiu Nhdn Bao muon dat dffdc mue
dich cua cude bdnh qudn va mud'n lap cdng ldn khi chffa cd vidn binh cua Lffu Trffng
va Tran Kham Tp.
Kd't qua cffa trdn ddnh cd thi dffdc tdm Iffdc nhff sau: Bpn Hiu Nhdn Bao va
Quach Tid'n ddc toan bd thffy quan Td'ng, vdi mffU dd san phang tiianh Binh Ld d l de
dang chid'm Hoa Lff, lap cdng ldn. Song dffdi sff ebi buy cua Ld Dai Hanh cffng vdi quyet
tam cao ciia quan dpi va dan binb cac lang xa, qudn ta da dudi dffdc thffy qudn Td'ng ttd
lai can cff Bach Dang. Tai day, ta da md ttdn quyd't chid'n ttdn sdng Bach Dang.
3.5. Trdn quyd't chie'n trdn sdng Bach Dang (28/4/981)
Trffde hd't, phai khang dinh rang trdn Bach Dang la ttdn ldn nhd't va quan ttpng
nha't ttong toan bd eupc khang chid'n. Song thffc td', ngudn tff bdu ghi chep vl ttdn nay
cflng rd't it. Thdm vao dd, cbinb sff eua ta va nha Td'ng lai ghi chep cd khde nhau.
Tac pham "An nam chi lupc" cua Ld Tac chep: "Qua ndm sau (981), vdo mua hq
lai d sdng Bach Ddng chem gdn ngdn ngudi. bdt dupc thuyin 200 chii'c"[6; 119].
Sach "Viet sd: lupc" lai ghi: "Ndm Tdn T\, mda xudn thdng ba (4/981)...vua tU
ldm tudng di ehd'ng Tdng, sai ngudi edm cpc ngdn sdng. Vua sai trd hdng di du Nhdn
Bdo. Qudn Td'ng thua, ta bdt chem dupe Nhdn Bdo, bpn Khdm To nghe tin qudn thua,
ben rut lui"[9; 61].
Vdi tff bdu It 6i, bffdc diu cd till khdi qudt ttdn Bach Dang ttdi qua 3 giai doan sau:
* Giai doan chudn bi lue lupng: Bo sung them lffe Iffdng quan dpi, diu tff cai tien
vfl kbi, phffdng tidn vat cha't va dac bidt la cung cd tinb tiiln chid'n dd'u cua cac binh sT.
* Giai doan thuc hiin "ke trd hdng :
Thffc bidn ke sdeh nay, vua Tiln Ld dffa ra bidn phdp bdn ttong bl mat cung cd
lffe Iffdng, bai binb bd tran, phong vd can than. Bdn ngoai tam thdi "dn binh bdt
dpng". ndi long vay bam, giam canh phong. Ddng thdi, gffi "thdng diep" sang phia
VAI TRO CUA LE H O A N - LE DAI H A N H TRQNG CUOC K H A N G CHIEN 59

Td'ng td ve run sd ttffdc vidn binh bffng bdu ciia "thiin triiu" va ngd ldi clu xin quy
phuc d l bao toan tinb menh.
Ddi dd'n lffe Nhdn Bao thffc sff tin tffdng, khdng cdn nghi ngd vao hanh ddng cua
nhd Tien Ld, ta ben ngdy md tide tuydn the, Hiu Nhan Bdo td ra ebij quan va bi mic
mffu. Kbi tdn tffdng nay xud'ng thuyin di dffdc mdt quang cdn cdeh xa "thi ddi" (la dia
diim bai bdn tham chid'n gdp nhau, cflng lam le dn tbi kd't thuc chid'n tranh) tbi bi
thuyin cua quan ta tdeh thuyin ban ra khdi ede thuyin bdu vd, qudn ta nhanh chdng
xdng ldn gie't chd't vd quang xac xud'ng sdng. Chep vl cdi chd't ciia Hiu Nhdn Bdo,
Ngd Si Lidn ttong Dai Viet sff kl todn thff chep: "vua sai qudn si trd hdng di du Nhdn
Bdo, nhdn dd bdt dupe Nhdn Bdo, dem chem"[l; 221].
* Giai doan phdn cdng: Sau kbi gidt dffdc Hiu Nhdn Bao, qudn ta thffa thing
tid'n ddnh thuy binh dich. Chie'n sff dien ra quyd't bet trdn sdng Bach Dang, todn bd
thffy binh Td'ng bi ddnh tdi bdi, chu tffdng Lffu Trffng budc phai ddn tan binb thdo chay
thodt tbdn. Thd't bai cua thffy binb Idm eho Tdn Toan Hffng vd effng hoang bd't va bl
mat ddn binb ma thdo lui.
3.6. Tr$n Tdy Kd't (Hrfng Yen) (cuoi thang 4/981)
Sau ttdn Bach Dang, vua Tien Ld cflng cac tffdng linh keo quan ve bao vay Tdy
Kd't vd md ttdn ddnh tidu diet lffe Iffdng bd binb cua dich do tffdng Trin Khdm To ddn
diu dang de dpa, uy hid'p ttffc tid'p kinh dd Hoa Lff.
Trong ttdn nay qudn ta da tidu diet mdt life Itfdng ldn bp binb cua dich, bat sd'ng
ttfdng Tridu Phung Hudn, ttfdng Trin Khdm To tim dtfdng chay thodt than va "qudn
cda Khdm To thua to"[6; 221]. Ttfdng Quach Qudn Bidn keo iridt canh qudn chay theo
dtfdng Sde Sdn, Phd Ydn nham htfdng Vfl Nhai vl phtfdng Bac, nbtfng qudn cua nha
Tiln Ld dudi theo va bat dtfdc Qudn Bidn d dia phdn Vfl Nhai (Thai Nguyen). Ltfe
Itfdng bd binb edn lai, rfft chay theo dffdng Lang Chau (Lang Sdn), song lai bi qudn ta
phuc kich d ai Cbi Ldng, danh cho tan tac.
Vdi thd't bai nay, Td'ng Thai Tdng khdng eon con dffdng nao khae, budc phai ra
lenb bai binb, nit todn bd tan qudn vl nffdc. Ddng thdi, thffa nhdn kd't cue tham hai
cua cude chid'n tranh xdm Iffdc Dai Cd Viet.
4. MOT SO NHAN XET BtfC^C DAU
Trdn cd sd tim bilu qua trinh chuan bi va didn bid'n mpt sd trdn danh tidu bieu
trong cude khdng chid'n ehd'ng xam Iffdc Td'ng (thd'ky X), bffdc diu tac gia rut ra mpt
sd'nban xet sau:
4.1. Ld Hoan-Ld Dai Hanh la mpt nha quan sff co tai, kbi dffdc giao trpng trach Tong
cbi buy cac lffe Iffdng khdng chid'n, dng khdng nhffng sang sud't ttong vide nhin nhan,
danh gia chd manh, chd yd'u cua qudn ta d l xay dffng lffe Iffdng ma con phan doan
60 NGUYfeN THI THANH H6A, DAO VAN HUY

dffng am mffu, thff doan ciia dieb, hoach dinh chid'n Itfdc, chid'n thuat phff bdp nham
dd'i phd vdi kd thfl, bdo ddm thing ldi cho eupc khdng chid'n.
4.2. Cupe khdng chid'n chdng xdm Itfdc Td'ng thdi Tiln Ld (tbdky X) da d l lai ttong klio
tdng khoa bpe qudn sff ntfdc nhd mdt bdi hpc kinh nghipm qu^ gid ve chid'n thudt tiiuy
chid'n, td chffc phdi hpp nhilu trdn ddnh trdn nhffng dia bdn khde nhau (ttdn chdn ddnh
lffe Iffpng thuy qudn cfla Hiu Nhan Bdo, trdn quyet chien trdn sdng Bach Dang-ven
bid'n; trdn Hoa Bp, ttdn Do Ld, tran Luc Giang vd trdn Tay Kdt-ddng bdng).
4.3. Vua Tien Le bid't kd't bdp sffe manh dodn kd't ciia todn ddn vdi vide ldi dung the
bilm yd'u cua dia binb, lap nhffng tuyd'n phdng thii vffng chic nhff xdy dffng ddn Ifly, dip
thanh Binh Ld, ddng cpc ngdn sdng Bach Ddng,...cdn bffdc tien cffa qudn Tdng.
4.4. Ld Hodn-Ld Dai Hdnh bie't khodt sdu nhffng mdu thuan bat ldi ciia dich (mdu tiiuan
giffa Tdn Todn Hffhg vd Hiu Nhan Bdo kbi Tdn Todn Hffffg khdng thffc tbi menh Idnh
dffa bd binb xud'ng phd'i bdp cflng vdi thuy binb cua Hiu Nhdn Bdo 6i tid'n vdo Hoa Ltf)
tao ra thd' va life gidnh thing ldi cd S nghTa quyd't dinh. Ddy Id nguyen nhdn chff yd'u lam
cho thuy binh Td'ng bi tha't bai trong trdn Luc Giang (3/981).
4.5. Trong vide td cbffc khang chid'n vua Tien Ld da bid't dffng mffu kd'dl ddnh gide
"ketrd hdng" Vdi ke' sach nay qudn ta da gie't dffdc chu tffdng cua qudn Td'ng la
H I U Nhdn Bao vidn tffdng mang nhilu tham vpng, lilu ITnh vd hieu chien nhd't. Stf
kidn nay dtfdc coi la ddn danh quyd't dinh lam sup dd hodn todn y cbi xdm Itfdc ciia
qudn Td'ng.
4.6. Ld Hoan-Ld Dai Hanh edn bid't ldi dung "sUc mqnh siiu nhiin" (thin phdt, thffdng
dd) d l ddng vidn binb linh. Nhilu lln tffdng sT tha'y nffa ddm vua dot hffdng ttim trffde
thuyin ngff bay trffde mdi kbi ra tran nha vua thffdng lam le td' cd cho qudn sT cflng clu
khd'n, the nguydn trffde thin phaL.. nhdm khich Id tinh thin tffdng sT ttong chid'n dd'u,
tin tffdng tuyet dd'i vao thing ldi cud'i cffng.
Tdm lai: Trffde dm mffu xam Iffdc cffa nha Td'ng, Ld Hoan-Ld Dai Hdnh da kip
thdi cbinh dd'n qudn ngfl, bd phong can mat vd vdi edch ddnh thdng nunh, mffu Iffdc,
cude khdng chid'n chdng quan xdm Iffdc Td'ng thdi Tiln Ld kd't thffc thing ldi. Vdi
cdng lao to ldn dd, Ld Hoan-Ld Dai Hanh khdng nhffng dffdc ca ngdi la ngffdi da "tdi
tao mpt Bach Dang", "sdng tao mdt Chi Ldng" ma cdn dffdc menh danh la ngffdi
"kii'n lap" va "tao dung" ndn lich sff dan toe d nffa sau tiid'ky X.
VAI TRO CUA LE HQAN - LE DAI HANH TRONG CUQC KHANG CHlfeN 61.

T A I LIEU THAM KHAO

[1] T. B. Chi, Cude khdng chien chdng Tdng ldn thd nhd't (98-981), Nxb QDND, Ha
N6i, (2003).

[2] P H. Chu, Lich trieu hien chuang loqi chi-tqp IV, Nxb Sff hpc, Hd NOi, (1961).
[3] H. Nam, H. Linh, Nhitng trang sd vi vang cda ddn tde Viit Nam chdng phong kien
Trung Qudc xdm lupc, Nxb KH-XH, Ha Npi, (1984).
[4] Hpi sff hpc Ha NOi, Bdi cdnh dinh do Thdng Long vd sU nghiep cda Li Hodn, NXB
Ha Noi, Ha NOi, (2005).
[5] T. T. Phdp, Linh Nam Chich Qudi, Nxb Vdn Hpc, Hd NOi, (1990).
[6] Le Tic, An Nam Chi Luac, Nxb Thudn Hda, Thuan Hda, (2002).
[7] Vien KH-XH Viet Nam, Dqi Viet sd ki todn thu-tdp I, Nxb KH-XH, Ha Npi, (1998).
[8] Vien Lich sff Quan srf Viet Nam, Lich sd qudn sU Viet Nam-tap III, Nxb CTQG, Ha
NOi, (2003).
[9] Viet Sd Lupc, Nxb Thuan Hoa, Thuan Hoa, (2005).

SUMMARY
THE ROLE OF LE HOAN-LE DAI HANH IN THE RESISTANCE WAR AGAINST
THE ESfVATION OF THE TONG IN THE AGE OF TIEN LE DYNASTY
(THE TENTH CENTURY)
Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoa. Dao Van Huy
In the tenth century, the Tong held a plot to invade Dai Co Viet. Le Hoan-Le Dai
Hanh made timely efforts to reorganize the army and take stringent defence measures, and
thus leading the resistance war to its resounding victory with his brilliant and clever battie
tactics. For that glorious feat of arms, Le Hoan-Le Dai Hanh is not only considered to be the
one who "brought back the Bach Dang Victory'' and 'created a Chi Lang Triumph" but also
named as the "founder" and "constructor" of the nation's history in the latter half of the
tenth century.

"Khoa Lich suf, tnrdng Dai hoc Quy Nhdn

"Hoc vien cao hoc Kl 1-Khoa Lich suf, triTdng DHQN
Ngay nhan bai: 25/01/2010; Ng^y nhan dang: 17/03/2010.