Nguyen The Hong Nguon goc xudt thdn ciia Tic san...

Ngu6n goc xuat than cua

tu- san ngu'oi Viet 6* Nam Ky thoi Phap thuoc
Nguyin Thi Hdng*
Trudng Dai hgc Dong Thdp
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 10/09/2018. ngdy giri phdn bien: 16/11/2018. ngay duyet ddng- 19/12/2018

Qiau Hiep udc Gidp Tudt ndm 1874, Nam Ky trd thdnh xir thudc dia cita thuc ddn Phdp.
O Tiiy theo hodn cdnh lich sit a tieng khu vice, quoc gia thi ngudn gdc xudt thdn, dia vi chinh
tri - xd hdi cua tdng lap tu sdn se khdc nhau. Tuy. ngudn gdc xudt thdn khdc nhau nhung thong
qua nhicng hogt ddng nhu kinh ti, chinh tri - xd hgi, tdng ldp tu sdn ngudi Viet a Nam Ky timg
budc khdng dinh vi tri, vai tro cua ho ddi vdi lich su.
Tir khda: Tu san. Nam Ky, ngudn glc, ngudi Viet, Phdp thude

Mddau sy trao ddi tren thi trudng phai dat den miic dp
Trong bdi canh chung khi dat nudc trd lam cho tiin bac tap trung vdo tay mot so it
thanh thupc dia cua thyc dan Phdp, tu san ngudi ngudi, ddng thdi xa hdi d thanh thi va nong thon
Viet d Nara Ky cd nhflng dac diem nhu tu san phan hda de tao nen tang ldp ban siic lao dgng
Bdc vd Trnng Ky dd la sdn xudt, kinh doanh lam thue. Vdi quan diem bao ve quyen Igi toi
theo hudng tu bdn chu nghia vdi nhieu hinh da cho tu san Phap tai thudc dia nen tu san
thirc khdc nhau, ludn y thirc vuon len de khang ngudi Viet khdng cd hinh thiic tich luy tu ban
dinh vi the, vai trd trudc eac giai tdng khac nguyen thuy dau tien mdt cdch day dii va hoan
hong xd hoi duong thdi. Bai viet khong so sanh thien nhu tu sdn nhieu nudc tren the gidi. Tuy
su giong va khac nhau giua tu sdn ngudi Viet d nhien, ve co ban kinh te Nam Ky trudc va ro
3 ky, ma hudng den phan tich ngudn gdc xudt hon Id trong khai thac thudc dia cua thyc dan
than cua tu san ngudi Viet d Nam Ky thdi Phap Phap da tao dieu kien nhat dinh de mdt bp phan
thupc. lam an theo hinh thitc tu nhan tich luy tu bdn de
sau nay trd thanh nhung chii xudng, xi nghiep
1. Tir chii xirdng sd huu vdn va luc lugng lao ddng lam thue nhat
Ve CO ban, khi nen san xuat hang hda tdn dinh. (J Nam Ky, tdng ldp chu xudng xudt hien
tai tdt yeu tao nen sy phan hda trong san xuat. kha dong tren nhieu ITnh vyc tir khai thac cong
Chinh sach khai thac thupc dia ciia thyc dan nghiep den tieu thii cdng nghiep nhu xay xdt lua
Phap ddt ra yeu cau san xuat bang hda cho thi gao cd Truang Thanh - ben Binh Ddng, Sai
trudng trong va ngodi nudc ngay cang nhieu, vi Gdn; Trdn Van Ngii, Qudeh Hdi; Lam ST; Giang
the qud trinh phan hda trong san xuat cd tir thdi Nguyen - ben My Tho; Truong Vdn Ben - ben
phong kien khdng phu hgp niia. De nen sdn xudt Rach Cat; Vuong Thiiy Nhien - Sdc Trang;
tu bdn chii nghTa ra ddi phai cd nhiing dilu kien Tran Trinh Trach - Bac Lieu; Phan Quang
CO ban, do la san xuat hang hda gian don va Phuong; Nguyen Ddng Tai- Can Tho; Nguyen
lgmail.com Thanh Liem - My Tho; Huynh Thi Hue - Go
Cdng; Trdn Van Tii - VTnh Long; Long Xuyen

Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. So 1 - 2019, tr.36-41 36

 Nguyen The Hong Nguon goc xudt thdn cita Tusdn...
cd 19 nha mdy cua ngudi Viet'; nhd mdy dien phuong tim viec lam, trd thanh cdng nhdn.
cd cdng ty vd danh dien Rach Gid eiia Cao Chinh sach kinh te cua chu nghTa thyc dan tao
Thien Toan, Nguyin Chdnh Ngdn, Biii Van ra sy tac dgng hai mat Id kim ham qua trinh ra
Mdu, Tdn Quang Ngpc (nam 1921)^ nha may ddi vd phat trien cua nen kinh te tu ban va; kich
thuy tinh cua Luang Vinh, Chdu Hung d Chg thieh cac quan he sdn xuat tu ban chii nghTa. Sy
Ldn; nhd mdy xa bdng cua Truang Vdn Bin xuit hien nhOng yeu td cua phuong thiie san
Chg Ldn; Ngd Hdn, Huynh Tinh Trieu; xudng xuat tu ban chii nghTa thiic ddy nen kinh te Nam
det va nhugm eua cdng ty Vd danh Sgi vd Det Ky cd nhiing chuyen bien lich eye. Ngoai che
CO gidi (nam 1915)^; nhd may sdn xuit va tinh do sd hiiu mdng ddt vd bde lot dia td, tan du cua
luyen diu cua Truong Van Bin (nam 1905). quan he san xuat phong kien, xudt hien eac mdi
quan he sdn xudt tien tu ban chu nghia, vdi lyc
2. Thirong nhan lugng sdn xudt mdi d trinh do thu cong, ben
O Viet Nam, ldp thuong nhan diu tien canh la sy xuat hien cua cac nhd may, xf nghiep,
''xudt hien khi cd yeu td ngogi cdnh md cu the cdng ty cd phan. Dieu ndy, tao ra co sd vat chat
Id SIC xudt hien ciia tu tuang phuang Tdy, quan trgng cho su xuat hien nhung phuang thiic
phuang thicc sdn xudt tu bdn chu nghia theo kinh doanh mdi, danh dau su ra ddi cua cdc
chdn Phdp din Viet Nam, tao nen su xao Iron cdng ty, nha mdy, xi nghiep, hieu budn do cac
da dgi trong longxa hdi. NhOngyiu td sdn xudt tu sdn ngudi Viet thdnh lap. C) Nam Ky phuong
tu bdn dd tdc ddng den tu tuang nguai Viet thiic san xuat tu ban ehu nghia cd dieu kien phat
Nam, trong do tu tuang ve kinh doanh thuc trien manh me va tang ldp thuang nhdn ra ddi,
nghiep dd ldm thitc tinh cdc nhd tri thicc, nhimg hoat dpng da dang nhieu nganh nghe va xudt
ngudi Viit nhgy hen vd kien cuang vd sau do thdn cflng khdc nhau. Thu nhdt, thuong nhdn la
lan toa trong cdc thdnh phdn trong xd hdr'^ nhiing nhd Tdy hgc tryc tiep dung ra kinh doanh
Theo ly luan eua ehu nghia Mac, trong nen sdn nhu Trdn Chanh Chieu, Nguyen Thi Xuyen,
xuat hang hda gian don, sy tac dgng ty phat cua Nguyen An Khucmg. Thic hai, thuang nhan xuat
quy luat gia tri se lam phan hda nhung ngudi than tir nhiing ngudi sdn xudt nhd. Nen san xuat
san xudt hang hda theo hai dang. Thu nhdt, mdt tieu thii cdng nghiep truyen thong budc phai
sd ngudi phat tai giau len nhanh chdng, hp ddu thay ddi khi cdng nghe, may mdc cua phuong
tu md rdng sdn xuat, thue mudn nhdn cdng vd Tay du nhap vao, mdt nen cdng nghiep nhd, non
hd thanh dng chu tu ban. Thii hai, nhiing ngudi yeu dugc hinh thanh ngoai mong mudn cua chu
bi vd ng, phd sdn phdi trd thanh lao dgng ldm nghia thyc dan. Thanh phan thuong nhan dan
thue. Trong dang thir nhat, ngoai nhiing dng chii tpc xudt than tir nen sdn xuat nhd bi sy canh
cdn ed lyc lugng diing ra ket ndi giira san xudt tranh, chen ep bdi tu bdn Phdp, Hoa kieu nhung
vdi thi trudng dd chinh Id thuong nhan. Sy phdn hp cd mdt vai trd lich sir nhat dinh trong phong
hda xa hdi Nam Ky dien ra sdu sdc, tang ldp lao trao dau tranh ddi quyen Igi cho dan tdc tren
dpng ldm thue cd ngudn gdc chinh tir ndng dan, ITnh vuc kinh te lan chinh tri. Tieu bieu d Nam
hg chiu hai tdng dp biic Id dia chu vd thyc dan, Ky cd nhieu doanh nhan mua cac cdng cu sdn
khi tu lieu san xuat bi tudc doat hg phai tha xuat cua Phap, thanh lap cdc xi nghiep nhu nha

' Nguyen Dinh Tu (2016), h-.282. ^ Nguyen Dinh Tu (2016), tr.2i2.

2 Nguyen Dinh Tu (2016), tr.204. * Nguyin Thi Anh (2017), U-.58.
Nghien ciiu An Dg va Chau A. So 1 - 2019, tr.36-41
 Nguyen The Hong Ngudn goc xudt thdn cita Tusdn...
mdy in ciia Nguyen Van Viet d Sdi Gdn, xudng
sira chua d td Le Phdt Tan, xudng uom to Ddng
Lgi 1912, nha may xay gao d An Hda (My Tho)
cua Nguyin Thanh Liem, hang xe cao su cua
Nguyin Hiiu Thu. Thir ba, xuit thdn tir dai dien
chii, mdt so dia chii da tan dung chinh sach
rudng dit va chinh sdch xuat khdu nong san cua
Phap, ngdy cdng md rdng dat dai, thanh lap
hang budn ban Iiia gao, thu lgi nhuan ngdy cang
Idn. Song song Id cho thue rudng ddt phat canh
thu td, vdi sd vdn trong tay, nhiing dia chii nay
da thue nhdn cdng md xudng cua. Id gach, che
bien nong san. Dai dien chu d Nam Ky dugc
xem nhu thuong nhan cd Tran Trinh Trach d
Bac Lieu, Huynh Thien Ldc d Rach Gid,
Nguyen Hiiu NghTa d Long Xuyen.
3. Thau khoan
De tien hanh khai thac thudc dia, thyc dan
Phap phai tien hanh dau tu thiet bi, co sd ha
tdng, cdng nghe, ben canh dd Id thiic day tang
cudng nhap cang hang ngoai hda, xuat edng
ndng phdm va hdng thu cdng. Nham phuc vu
cho cong cupc cai tri, boc lot vd kinh doanh, tu
ban Phap can mdt ldp ngudi tnmg gian lam dai
Iy tu: viec tieu thy hang ngoai hda din thu mua
nong phdm, san pham thii cdng vd lam thiu
khoan cho viec van chuyen thilt bi, xdy dyng
ca sd ha ting kT thuat. Tii nhflng cdng trinh xdy
dung ciia tu ban Phap, tao ra nhung chu bao
than, nhan khodn ngudi Viet. Khi mdi ra ddi hg
phu thudc vao tu ban Phdp, ve sau hg bd von
lap ra nhung edng ty nhd cung cip thilt bi cho
thyc dan Phap tai thi trudng thupc dia. Tit viec
lam tliau khoan cho thuc dan Phdp, hp da gidu
len nhanh chdng, tich luy dugc mgt sd tien va
de kiem dugc nhieu Igi nhuan hon, hg chuyin
sang kinh doanh cdng - thuong nghiep. 6 Nam
' Nguyen C6ng Binh (1959),tt.103.
Nghien cuu An Dp va Chau A. So 1 - 2019, tr.36-41
Ky, nhieu nhd tu san ngudi Viet xudt than la
thau phdn nhu cdng ty Le Thanh Vo (nam 1927)
d Sai Gdn chuyen thau ve cdu dudng "vdn liic
ddu la 60.000 dong chia ldm 60 co phdn. Nhirng
ngudi bd von gdm: Le Quang Liem (nghiep chit
a Rgch Gid gdp 36.000 ddng), Vo Dinh Thuy
(cdng chuc Dd Lgt - 5.000 ddng)"^.
4. Si phu yeu nutfc tien bp va quan lai
Cdc phong trao yeu nudc khong don thuan
la vii trang chdng thyc dan va tay sai, ma yeu
nudc can ldm cho dat nudc cudng thinh, de eo
su cudng thinh thi trudc het phai "khai ddn tri,
chdn ddn khi. hdu ddn sinh"^. Phong trdo Duy
Tdn nhdm chan hung nudc nha dugc khdi xudng
bdi cac sT phu tien bd, keu ggi ngudi Viet tiep
can vdi nen hgc van phuang Tdy Uong khoa hpc
ky thudt, hdng hdi tham gia vao nhflng boat dpng
kinh doanh nham thiic day sy phdt trien kinh te
ciia ddt nude. Phong trao dau the ky XX noi bat
la su tdn vinh thuang nghiep. De tao niem tin
eho xa hdi, cdc nhd Duy Tdn di diu trong cac
hoat ddng phong trao. Tren ITnh vyc kinh te, hp
tham gia kinh doanh da dang, tir rdt nhieu ITnh
vyc thuang mai, san xudt thii cdng nghiep den
giao thdng van tai. Hg nhanh nhay, nam bat ky
thudt, sir dung va cai tao cdng cu lao dgng mdi
trong san xuat. Sy dau tu cdng nghe mdi, tap
trung thue nhdn cdng san xuat hang hda, ndng
cao ky thuat cua thg thu edng, nhanh chdng thich
ling vdi phuang phap ciia phuong Tay da phan
nao ddp ling dugc vdi thi trudng trong va ngoai
nudc. Phong trdo Minh Tan d Nam Ky vdi nhieu
dai dien tieu bieu nhu Nguyen An Khuong,
Nguyen Quang Dieu, Nguyin Thin Hien.
* Tran Mai Udc (2013), tr.l 12.

5. Chu don dien
Nam 1894, trong Thdng tu gdi Toan quyen
cac thudc dia, Bd trudng Bg thupc dia Deleasse
chi ro ''khai thdc nhung viing lanh thd rdng lan
md chung ta da chiim dugc thiit lap a do cdc
ddn dien, phdt trien sue sdn xudt ciia thudc dia
vd bdng chinh con dudng do phdt triin moi
quan he ve thucmg mgi voi chinh gudc"'^. Nam
Ky la vung dit mau md dugc thien nhien uu dai
nen thuc dan Uiet d l khai thac va dl k l hoach
khai thac thuan lgi thi viec diu tien la chilm
doat dit dai. "Din ndm 1912 so ruong ddt bi
Phdp chiem de lap ddn dien len din 470.000 ha
trong do Nam Ky bi chiim 308.000 ha"^. Nam
1897, Toan quyen Paul Doumer cho thdnh lap
hai trung tam nghien ciiu thi nghiem uom gidng
cay cao su tir hat tuoi. Tram thyc nghiem Ong
Yem (Ben Cdt - Thu Dau Mdt) va d Su6i Ddu
(thupc vien Pasteur Nha Trang). Sau khi thit
nghiem thdnh cdng, nhieu cdng ty cao su tai
Nam Ky thanh lap. Tat yeu, chu cac cdng ty vd
don dien Idn da phan la tu ban Phap. Nhiing
ngudi sd him dudi 100 ha dat trdng cao su gpi
la tieu dien. Loai cd dien tich tir 100 - 499 ha
ggi la trung dien, loai sd hiiu ndy cd su tham gia
cua vien chiic ngudi Viet cd quyen the hoac
thudc nhung ngudi than Phdp cd the lue. Nhu
nam 1910, khi ddn dien cao su tai tinh Ba Ria
dugc thanh lap, ngudi Viet da tham gia sd hflu
dien tich gdm cd "Le Thdnh Long d Dinh Ba vd
Le Vdn (..), cita Ddng Ngoc Khai a Binh Ba
(..), ciia Vuang Quang Tdn a La Vdn, Binh Ba
vd Ngai Giao (..), ciia Ly Bd Dung a Long
Phudc (..), cua Nguyen Vdn Cua a Binh Ba vd
Ngai Giao (..)"• Tinh Gia Dinh "tinh den ndm
1916 cd 49 ddn dien, chiem mdt diin tich chung
Id 3.240 ha. Trong 49 ddn dien ndy cd 29 don
diin ciia nguai Phdp, chiem dien tich 2.650 ha.
'TaThi Thiiy (1996), tr.U.
«Brenier(1914),U.56.
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. So 1 - 2019, tr.36-41
Nguyen The Hong. Ngudn goc xudt thdn ciia Tusdn...
Sd cdn lai Id ddn dien nho cua ngudi Viit vd
nguoi Hoa"^. Ngudi Viet tai Nam Ky tham gia
sd hiiu Idn ve dien tich ddn dien phai ke den
nhiing nhan vat tieu bieu nhu quan tda Do Hiiu
Tri, nhd kinh doanh cdng nghiep Tmong Van
Bin, va cac dng Le Phdt Tan, quan phii Vo Ha
Thanh, Ddc phu sir Doan Hiiu Timg, chii sd kho
bac Thu Dau Mgt- Nguyen Van Yen. Thanh
phdn xuat than cua dien chu rat da dang trong
do CO nha thiu khoan, thuong nhan, vien chuc,
ngan hang, cyu binh. Su da dang ve nghe
nghiep cua cac dien chu cho thay: thic nhdt, day
la khu vuc cd dieu kien thuan Igi de xin cap
nhugng nen nhieu dien chu d cac ITnh vuc khdc
nhau xin cdp nhugng. "Tgi Bd Ria chinh quyen
Phdp tic ndm 1925 cho khoanh mdt khu ddt
2.000ha, chia thdnh cdc Id nhd ban theo gid
thda thudn vd chi dugc trdng cao su theo dem
(...) Tinh den ngdy 26/8/1927 cd 448 dan xin vd
274 dan dugc chdp nhdn. Sd dan ndy vdn tiep
tuc gici den... Tinh din ngdy 1/1/1928 cdc cuu
binh da chiem 5 288 ha trong do cd 2/987 ha
nam ngodi cdc 16 "'". Thu hai, sy da dang do se
dua den hudng khai thac ciing cd the da dang d
tren cac ddn dien trong vimg. Thu ba, cho thay
tinh chdt thyc dan d khu vuc ddn dien. Nhiing
dien chii chinh la nhiing nhan vien cai tri, kiem
sodt kinh te. Hg sir dung vi tri, anh hudng cua
minh, tir ngudn tien ed dugc do thuc hien budn
ban bdt binh dang vdi ngudi ban xii de thau tom,
chiem doat rudng dat cua chinh ngudi ban xir.
Chu ddn dien vira cd the lyc ve chinh tri, vita cd
the lyc ve kinh te nen hg ra sire liing doan kinh
te, xa hgi. Thu tu, thdnh phan dien chit se anh
hudng khong nhd den ket qua hoat dgng san
xudt trong ddn dien. Su phat triln eua kinh t l
ddn dien tac dgng kha ldn din nhung bien ddi
xa hgi tai Nam Ky. Ddn diln lam thay d6i hoan
' Nhu chu thich s6 01, tr.45.
"* Nhu chii thich s6 01, tr.45.
 Nguyen The Hong Nguon goc xudt thdn cua Tusdn..
toan bd mat xa hdi ciia dia phuong, tac ddng sau Bgc Lieu, Soc Trdng, Cdn Tha... thudc mien
sic din ddi song cu dan bdn dia, lam nay sinh Hdu Giang... cd nhieu dgi dia chit Nam Bd dd
nhilu ting ldp xa hdi khdc nhau, pha vo ket cau chiim tdi 10.000 din 20.000 ha rudng ddt.. ."'^.
xa hgi truyin thing cua cu dan ban dia. Trong Ndng nghiep la nganh kinh te the manh cua
xa hdi thdi ky nay ngoai cdc giai ting cu, su ra Nam Ky, khi yeu td hang hda xam nhdp vao thi
ddi ciia cac ddn dien Idm xuat hien mgt bd phdn quan he va hinh thirc san xudt theo ldi truyin
tang ldp xa hdi mdi: chu ddn dien. Vdi nhieu thdng bat budc phai thay doi. Tang Idp dja chii
nguyen nhdn chu quan va khach quan, mot bp y thiic phai tang va khai thac mdt each cd hieu
phdn ngudi Viet la chii sd hflu dien tich dang ke qua hon tu lieu sdn xuat ma hg sd him, viec cho
don dien, hg diu tu, khai thae, kinh doanh, canh thue dat san xudt khdng don thuan la phat canli
tranh true ti8p vdi chii don dien la ngudi Phap, thu td bang hien vat ma cdn thiet phdi chuyen
sang hinh thiic thu mdi - td tien. Viee thu td tien
ngudi Hoa.
lam cho dia chii tang rich luy gia tri tai san va
khi kinh te hang hda phat trien, hg dimg td tien
6. Dia chii nong nghiep giau co
ddu tu, kinh doanh nhu mdt nha tu ban that sy.
Trudc khi thyc dan Phap xam luge thi
Trong chuong trinh khai thac thuoc dia lan nhat
"Nam bd cho din thi ky XVIII da tdn tgi nhicng
(1897 -1914), dia chu la ngudi Viet tai Nam Ky
che do sd hieu rudng ddt khdc nhau vdi nhimg
ddn chiem mgt vi tri nhat dinh, khi cd dieu kien
ty le khdc nhau. Dgc diem ndi bat cua che do sa
hg tham gia vao tat ca cac ITnh vyc cua ddi song
hieu rudng ddt d Nam Bg Id sd hieu rudng ddt
xa hdi, tuy nhien muc dich, miic do tham gia la
cdng dien cdng thd chua xudt hien, ben cgnh do
khae nhau trong ehinh thdnh phan huu san nay,
sa hihi ciia dia chu da phdt triin vd ngdy cdng
nguyen nhan xuat phat tir thai dp hgp tac cua hp
chiem uu the"^K Khi thuc ddn Phap do hd,
ddi vdi ehinh quyen thyc ddn. Nhirng dia chu
mong dat tap trung trong tay dia chii ngay cdng
noi len ciing vdi qud trinh khai thac thudc dja
Idn nhd vao cudp doat cua ndng dan. Mat khdc,
"n/jw Trdn Trinh Trach a Bgc Lieu vdi 17.000
de phuc vu cho chinh sach xudt khau nhat la mat
ha, Huynh Thien Ldc d Rgch Gid cd 12.000 ha,
hang ndng sdn, thyc ddn Phdp edn cho khdng
Hgi ddng Hdng a Cha Ldm cd 11.000 ha... va
hoac ban re nhflng khu dat hoang cho tay sai,
din sau nhung ndm 1920 cd Truang Vdn Ben
quan lai, cdng chirc giau cd, bien nhiing lyc
vai 18 000 ha, Truong Dgi Danh vdi 8.000 ha.
lugng nay thanh dia chu. Ngdy 28/9/1897, Toan
Biii Quang Chieu vdi 15.000 ha"^^ deu thanh
quyen Ddng Duong ra Nghi dinh md rdng dien
cdng nhd tranh thu chinh sdch rudng dat cua
ap dung quyen sd hflu ed nhdn rudng dit d Viet
thyc dan Phap. Nhung dia chii Nam Ky td chirc
Nam. Vdi chinh saeh mdi, quyen sd hflu tu
thue mudn nhan cdng lao dpng tren nhung don
nhan dugc phap Iy thira nhdn, md dudng cho tu
dien bac ngdn. Theo bdo Ndng cd min dam (ten
huu mong dat phdt trien manh vd su chiem doat
tieng Phdp: Causeries sur I'agrieulture et le
rudng dat cua thuc dan Phap tang len khdng
commerce), sd ra ngay 29/8/1901 ghi nhdn d
ngimg. Doi tugng sd hiiu rudng ddt ngoai
Nam Ky cd ''^nhirng diin chu chuyen thue muon
nhung dien chu ngudi Phdp thi ngudi Viet ciing
nhdn cdng de cdy cdy, gid cdng nhgt a ndng
chiem mgt ti le nhdt dinh "O cdc tinh Rgch Gid,

" Tran Thi Thu Luang (2006), tr.26. '^ Henry (1932), tr.l93.
'2LSDuSn(I962),n-.42.
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. So 1 - 2019, tr.36-41
 Nguyen The Hong Ngudn goc xudt thdn ciia Tusdn..
thdn Id 0,3 ddng, tinh ra liia Mc do vdo khodng
6 kg liia". Ben canh do, cdn cd tu san Id dia chu
nhung c6 chiic vi ttong bd mdy chinh quyln
thyc dan nhu Le Quang Chilu - cai tdng d
Phong Diln (Cdn Tho). Nhu vdy, "vdi mdt nin
kinh te phdt triin nhdt trong todn xic Ddng
Ducmg, a Nam Ky da hinh thdnh nen mdt tdng
lap xa hgi "ben trin " moi (...). Nhirng dgi diin
chil Nam Ky dii khdng nam vi quyin nhung co
uy quyen rdt lan. Mice sdng vd danh tiing cua
hg cdn tren cd quan tudn, quan phu. Dgi diin
chu Nam Ky cd loi song khd gdn giii vai tdng
lap tu sdn d do thi. Diiu ndy it thdy a xu Trung
vd Bac Ky''^\
Ket luan
Trudc khi la mdt giai cap chinh thiic, tu san
ngudi Viet d Nam Ky trai qua qud trinh rich luy
tu ban vdi nhung hinh thiic va miie do khac
nhau. Nhiing ngudi dimg nhiing bien phdp trao
ddi bat binh dang ve gid cd gifl'a hg vdi ngudi
tieu dimg, giiia hg vdi ngudi sdn xuit hg nhd le,
cho vay lay lai, dau co tich trii trd thdnh giau cd.
Su xdm nhdp cua nen kinh te tu bdn chu nghia
vao Nam Ky Idm xudt hien them cac giai tang
mdi hoac chuyen doi thdn phdn ciia ting Idp cu
de tham gia vao guong mdy san xuat theo hudng
tu ban nhu thau phdn, sT phu, quan lai, diln chu,
du muc dich tham gia kinh doanh khac nhau
nhung hg da gdp phdn quan ttgng trong dinh
hinh kinh te - xa hdi Nam Ky trudc ndm 1930.
'" H6i KHLS Vi?t Nam (2011), tr.493.
Nghi6n ciiu An Dp va Chau A. So 1 - 2019, tr.36-41
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Nguyen Thj Anh (2017), Vdn hda kinh
doanh cua doanh nhdn Viet Nam ddu the ky XX,
Luan an tien sT Van hda hpc, Hpc vien hanh chinh
quoc gia Ho Chi Minh.
2. Nguyen Cdng Binh (1959), Tim hieu giai
cdp tusdn VietNam thai Phdp thudc, Nxb. Van -
Sir-Dia, Ha Ndi.
3. Brenier (1914), Essai d'Atlas Statistiques
de L 'indochine Francaise, l.D.E.O. Hanoi.
4. Le Duan (1962), Giai cdp vd sdn vdi vdn
de ndng ddn trong cdch mang Viit Nam, Ha Noi.
5. Henry (1932), Economic agricole de
I'Indochine (Kinh ti ndng nghiep Ddng Duang),
ban dich Hoang Dinh Binh, Ha Noi.
6. Hoi KHLS Viet Nam (2011), Qud trinh
hinh thdnh vd phdt triin vung ddt Nam Bo, Bao
cao tdng quan ket qua nghien ciiu de an Khoa hpc
xa hoi cap Nha nudc.
7. Trin Thi Thu Luang (2006), Chi do sa
hihi ruong ddt a Nam Bg tic the ky XVII den nira
ddu the ky XIX, Tap chi Phdt triin Khoa hgc vd
cdng nghi. Tap 9 (s6 3), tr.21-30.
8. Nguyen Dinh Tu (2016), Chi do thicc ddn
Phdp tren ddt Nam Ky (1859 -1954), Tap 2, Nxb.
Tong hgp Tp.HCM.
9. Ta Thj Thiiy (1996), Ddn diin cua ngudi
Phdp d Bdc Ky 1884-1918, Nxb.ThI Gidi.
10. Tran Mai Udc (2013), Tic tuang tuang
"khai ddn tri" cua Phan Chdu Trinh suy nghTve
ddi mdi gido due a nudc ta hien nay, Tgp chi
KHDHSP Tp.HCM, so 42, tr.l 12 - 119.