Chapter One: Introduction: 1.1 General Discussion

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Discussion

The term “Textile” mainly indicates clothing or ready-made garments. However, nowadays
textile is a wide field with the combination of fibers, yarns and fabrics. From the birth till the
death each and every person need textiles. In very recent years these are used in various
technical purposes in medical, automobile, agriculture, construction, protection, sports and so
on.
Industrial Training refers to work experience that is relevant to professional development
prior to graduation. One of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering is
that students must complete 8 weeks of Industrial Training.
Industrial Training is an essential component in the development of the practical and
professional skills required of an Engineer and an aid to prospective employment. All
student should make considerable effort and give sufficient thought into obtaining the most
relevant and effective Industrial Training. It should also be noted that developing an
awareness of general workplace behavior and interpersonal skills are important objectives
of the Industrial Training experience. We recently have done our internship in Impress-
Newtex Composite Textiles limited (INCTL), in which I got training from each of its
department.
The internship basically revolved around the product knowledge training. The system, the
style of working & the commitment of the employees in this industry is really exemplary.
The difference between the success & failure is doing things right and doing things nearly
right, & this organization has always tried for success & that is why it is known to be one of
the leading organizations in Bangladesh. Irrespective of all these positive points, I have
noticed a few areas where the improvement can really increase the efficiency of Impress-
Newtex Composite Textiles Limited. Hence we would like to draw a schematic overview
upon the internship experience of eight weeks at Impress-Newtex Composite Textiles
Limited.
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1.2 Objectives of Industrial Training
 To expose students to engineering experience and knowledge. Industry is important,

because these knowledge’s are not possible to teach in the lecture room.
 To apply the engineering knowledge taught in the lecture room is shown in real
situations in industry.
 To apply the knowledge gain from the lecture.
 To get a feel of the work environment.
 To gain experience in writing reports in engineering works/projects.
 To expose students to the engineers responsibilities and ethics.
 To expose the students to future employers.
 With all the experience and knowledge acquired, it is hoped that the students will be
able to choose appropriate work upon graduation.
1.3 Executive Summary

This report is based on the activities performed during the internship at Impress-Newtex
Composite Textiles industries limited. Internship duration was 8 weeks and it provided
practical knowledge of working in professional environment. This learning experience is
described in detail in the various sections of this report.
In the first section, there is some detail about the company. The organization structure and the
details of its management along with its location are also discussed. We have also discussed
about the important departments of the company. The second section provides information
about the activities that we performed during the internship. We worked as internee mainly in
Knitting and Knit dyeing department. Finally, this report is a nutshell comprises of my
practical learning, recommendations and suggestions.
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CHAPTER TWO: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 General Information of the Factory
Company Name : Impress-Newtex Composite Textiles industries limited.
(A concern of Channel I
Type : 100% Export Oriented Knitting and Dyeing Factory.
Year of establishment : 1996
Location : Gorai I/A, Mirzapur, Tangail
Total Area : 10 acres (approximately)

Investors : Md. Riaz Ahmed Khan (Chairman), Md. Akram Khan (M.D),
Md. Sharfuddin Rumi (Executive Director), Md. Nurul Islam
(Executive Director
Figure 2.1: Monogram of the factory

2.2 Certification and Awards
This industry is ISO 9001: 2000 (100% Export oriented Industry) & Oeko-tex Standard 100 (100%
Export Oriented Industry) Certified.
Figure.2.2: Certification and Awards

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2.3 Production Capacity
Knitting: 17 tons/day (average)
Dyeing: 23 tons/day (average)
Finishing: 13-15 tons/day (average)
Sewing: 3000 piece/day (average)
2.4 Vision of the Company

The company undertakes to apply the vision in letter and spirit under the following
guiding principles:
 In time action.
 Clear understanding of customer’s instructions.
 Clear communication with vendors.
 Building a true marketing led enterprise with motivated workforce.
 Strong revenue based product portfolio.
 Customer satisfaction & understand of global market.
 Clear instructions for production.
 Strict compliance with quality control system.
 Total devotion maintains first class quality standard.
 Absolute efforts in time shipments.
 Career development opportunities for employees.
2.5 Mission of the Company
 To manufacture quality products for customer satisfaction through-
 To be one of the leading exporter and supplier in garments in Bangladesh.
 To face the challenge of free market economics.
 Honoring the commitment.
 Continuous endeavor for improvement through adoption of most modern technology
in production.
 Strict adherence to quality control.
 Developing a sense of high reliability through fair dealing.
 Becoming a part of country’s development.
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2.6 Main Production
Knitted Fabrics (Single Jersey, Single Lacoste, Double Lacoste, Fleece, Rib, Interlock,
Terry, pique etc.), Dyed fabrics, finished fabrics & garments.
2.7 Factory Contact
Address: Gorai Industrial Area, Mirzapur, Tangail, Bangladesh.
Telephone: 09229-8702
Website: www.impress-newtex.com
2.8 Head Office
Address: 40 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh.
Telephone: +880-2-9883712, 9889896, 9887028
Fax: +880-2-9889981.
Email: info@impress-group.org
2.9 Location of the Factory
Figure 2.3: Location of Impress –Newtex Composite Textiles Limited
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2.10 Layout of the Factory
Figure 2.4: Layout of Impress –Newtex Composite Textiles Limited
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2.11 Factory Organogram
2.11.1 Top management of the INCTL
Figure 2.5: Top management of the INCTL
2.11.2 General Managerial department of the INCTL
Figure 2.6: General Managerial Department of the INCTL
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2.12 Different Department
2.12.1 Production Oriented Department
  Knitting
  Batching
  Pretreatment
  Dyeing lab
  Dyeing floor
  Dyeing Finishing
  Quality control
 R&D
  Garments
  Finished ware house
  Maintenance

 Utility
2.11.2 Supporting Department
 Procurement
 Merchandising
 HRD
 Finance & Accounting
 Personnel administration
 Security
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CHAPTER THREE: RAW MATERIALS
3.1 Raw Material
Raw material is a unique substance in any production oriented Textile Industry. It plays a
vital role in continuous production and for high quality fabric.
3.2 Types of Raw Material

 Yarn
 Fabric
 Dye stuff
 Chemical & auxiliaries

3.3 Raw Materials for Knitting
Table 3.1: Knitting raw materials

Type of yarn Count (depend on GSM)
Cotton 22 s ,24 s, 26s, 28 s, 30 s, 32 s, 34 s , 40 s
Polyester 72 D,75 D, 100 D
Lycra yarn 20D, 40D
Grey Mélange (C-90% V-10%, C- 24 , 26
95% V-5%)
PC (65%Polyester & 35% cotton) 24 , 26 , 28 , 30
CVC 24 , 26 , 28 , 30
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3.4 Raw Material for Dyeing
Knitted grey fabrics (Single Jersey, Single Lacoste, Double Lacoste, Pique, Lycra Single
Jersey, Lycra Single Lacoste, Interlock, Rib, Fleece, Twill tape etc.).
3.5 Chemicals Used In INCTL
Table 3.2: List of dyeing chemicals
Chemicals name Supplier Origin
Jinterge SCF-105 Jintex Corporation Taiwan

Jintex 2UD Jintex Corporation Taiwan
Jinsoap CBA Jintex Corporation Taiwan
Caustic soda Samuda chemical Bangladesh
Complex
Kappazon K 75 Kapp-Chemie Gmbh & Co Germany

Hydrozen peroxide Samuda chemical Bangladesh
KAPPASOFT BD Kapp-Chemie Gmbh & Co Germany
Jintex CPS/Green Acid Jintex Corporation Taiwan
Jintexzyme OEM Jintex Corporation Taiwan
Ecozyme LXN Ecochem (Pvt.) Ltd. Sri Lanka
Kappaquest A-41 Kapp-Chemie Gmbh & Co Germany
Glauber salt Huaian Youbang Trade Co China
Ltd
Soda ash Huaian Youbang Trade Co China
Ltd
Jinsoap AW-501 Jintex Corporation Taiwan
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3.6 List of dyes which are used in INCTL
Table 3.3: List of dyestuff

Cotton dyes name Suppliers Origin
Remazol Blue BB Dystar Germany
Remazol-Turquise Blue Dystar Germany
Levafix Brill Yellow Dystar Germany

CA
Remazol Blue RR Dystar Germany

Levafix Amber CA Dystar Germany
Levafix Blue CA Dystar Germany
Levafix Red CA Dystar Germany
Reactobond Yellow RR Meghmani dyes & India
intermediates Ltd.
Reactobond Red 3RR Meghmani dyes & India

intermediates Ltd.
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Reactobond Red 3BX Meghmani dyes & India
intermediates Ltd.
Reactobond Yellow Meghmani dyes & India
3RX intermediates Ltd.
Reactobond Yellow Meghmani dyes & India
4GL intermediates Ltd.
Remazol Orange RR Meghmani dyes & India
intermediates Ltd.
Kirri Dyes
Kirazol Red RGB Co. India
Kirri Dyes
Kireactive Blue RRX Co. India
Kirri Dyes
Kireactive Yellow-HB Co. India
Kirri Dyes
Kireactive Blue-RGB Co. India
Kirri Dyes
Kirractive Blue BRX Co. India
Kirri Dyes
Kirractive Blue RRX Co. India
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3.7 Garments raw materials
Table 3.4 Garments raw materials

Type of fabric used Sources
Single Jersey & Lycra Single Jersey. Own dyed and finished
fabrics
Single Lacoste & Lycra Single Lacoste. Own dyed and finished
fabrics
Interlock. Rib. Own dyed and finished
fabrics
Fleece. Own dyed and finished
fabrics
Twill tape Own dyed and finished
fabrics
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CHAPTER FOUR: MACHINE DESCRIPTION
4.1 Knitting Section

Layout of knitting section
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Figure 4.1: Layout of knitting section
4.1.1 Impress-Newtex Composite Textiles Limited Knitting Section

This section contains 57 circular knitting machines of 4 types of such as- GOANG
LIH, JIUNN LONG, FUKUHARA AND SANTEC and made by different
manufacturers.
Table 4.1: Circular knitting machine of SANTEC
M/C Brand Name M/C Gauge M/C Dia No. of Fabric Origin
No. In Inch Feeder Type
01 SANTEC 20 34 108 Interlock Taiwan
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M/C Brand Name M/C M/C Dia No. of Fabric Origin
No. Gauge In Inch Feeder Type
01 FUKUHARA 28 30 96 S/J Japan
Table 4.2: Circular Knitting machine of FUKUHARA


15 FUKUHARA 18 33 96 Engg.Stripe Japan
16 FUKUHARA 18 36 96 Engg.Stripe Japan
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17 FUKUHARA Engg.Strip Japan
28 36 112 e
24 36 112 e
e
28 32 108
e
28 32 108
24 33 102 e
24 34 108 e
16 30 96 e
16 30 96 e
Table 4.3 circular knitting machine of GOANG LIH

M/C M/C M/C Dia No. of Fabric
No. Brand Name Gauge In Inch feeder type Origin
1 GOANG LIH 28 30 108 Fleece Taiwan
8 GOANG LIH 28 32 112 Terry Taiwan
Table 4.4: circular knitting machine of JIUNN LONG

M/C M/C M/C Dia No. of Fabric
No. Brand Name Gauge In Inch feeder type Origin
1 Jiunn long 28 30 96 Rib Taiwan
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7 Jiunn long 24 36 112 Interlock Taiwan
4.1.2 Fukuhara Circular knitting machine
Figure 4.2: Fukuhara Circular knitting machine
4.1.3 Fabric Inspection Section: There is three machine in cloth inspection section.
Specification of this machine is given below:
Table 4.2: Specification of cloth inspection machine

Type Cloth Inspection Machine
Brand Name UZU
Origin Thailand
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Model No UZ 900.31
Serial No 0093758
Manufacturing date 2003
Speed 32 m/min
Power Supply 220 V
Manufacturer AATPR Industry Co. Ltd
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4.1.4 Cloth inspection machine
Figure 4.3: Cloth inspection machine
4.2 Machines in Batch Section

Machine Name : Air Turning m/c
Model : DNAT-400
Origin : Korea
Manufacturer : DONG NAM Industrial Co. Ltd
Capacity : 10 ton to 16 ton per day
Layout of Turning Machine
Figure: 4 .4 (a): Layout of turning machine
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Figure 4.4(b): Different parts of turning machine
4.3 LAB SECTION
4.3.1 Wet Lab
4.3.1.1 Sample Dyeing Machine

Brand: Mathis Labomat
Company: Mathis Univision
Function: IR Lab Dyeing Machine
Capacity: 12 & 24 Beaker
Origin: Switzerland
Maximum Capacity: Each beaker 10 gm., loading 5gm
Total Machine: 5
Program: Manual, Heat Temp (60̊ C): Ok, Time (30 min): Ok
Figure 4.5 Sample Dyeing Machine
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4.3.1.2 RoboLab XPN:
Manufacture year : 2009

Serial no : 0966
Total Weight : 800 kg
Brand : Talos Robotics
Origin : Greece
Function : Auto Pipetting, Auto Solution
Capacity : 80 pots
Power : 4 kW
Electric Features : 220 V, 50Hz
Maximum Current : 20 A
Control (V) : 24 DC
Figure 4.6: Robolab XPN
4.3.1.3 Spectrophotometer
Machine function : To Predict Shade %.

Origin : UK
Brand : Data Color
Manufacturing year : 2007
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Figure 4.7: Spector Photometer
4.3.2 Dry Lab
4.3.2.1 Quick Wash Machine

Brand: Quick Wash Machine
Company: SDL Atlas
Origin: England
Total Machine: 01
Figure 4.8 Quick Wash Machine
4.3.2.2 Rotawash Machine

Brand: Rotawash
Company: SDL ATLAs
Total m/c: 1
Standard method: ISO 105-C06
Origin: England
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Figure-4.9 Rota wash Machine
4.3.2.3 Wascator Machine

Company: SDL Atlas
Brand: Wascator
Standard method: ISO 6330
Company: 6.5 kg
Origin: Sweden
Figure 4.10: Wascator Machine
4.3.2.4 Tumble Dryer

Brand: Electrolux
Total m/c: 2
Capacity: 6 kg
Company: SDL
Atlas Origin: Thailand
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Figure 4.11: Tumble Dryer
4.3.2.5 Washing Machine

Brand: LG
Function: Dimensional stability Test
Capacity: 6kg
Origin: China
Figure 4.12: Washing Machine
4.3.2.6 Light Fastness Test

Brand: Xenotest 150s+
Function: Light fastness test
Standard Method: ISO 105-B02
Company: Atlas
Origin: Germany
Total m/c: 1
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Figure 4.13: Light Fastness Test Machine
4.3.2.7 ICI Pilling & Snagging Tester

Brand: ICI Pilling & Snagging Tester
Function: Pilling & Snagging Test.
Standard Method: ISO -12945-1
Company: SDL Atlas.
Origin: England
Figure 4.14: Pilling Tester
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4.3.2.8 PH Meter
Brand name: Hanna 211
Function: PH test
Company: Hanna Instrument
Origin: Hungry
H
Figure 4.15: P Meter
4.3.2.9 Rotary Flask Shake

Company: Local
Standard Method: ISO 3071
Origin: Bangladesh
Function: shaking water
Figure 4.16: Rotary Flask Shaker
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4.3.2.10 Crock master
Brand : Crock master
Function : Running fastness test (automatic)
Standard Method : ISO -105-X12
Company : James H Heel
Origin : England
Figure 4.17: Crock master
4.3.2.11 Auto Burster

Brand: Auto Burster
Function: Bursting strength test.
Standard Method: ISO 13038-1
Company: SDL Atlas
Origin: England
Figure 4.18: Auto Burster
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4.3.2.12 Wrap Reel Electric Machine
Brand: wrap reel electronic
Company: SDL Atlas
Origin: England
Standard method: wrap reel method
Function: yarn count
Figure 4.19: Wrap reel electric machine
4.3.2.13 GSM Cutter

Brand: James Heel
Origin: England
Function: Cut the fabric for finding out GSM.
Figure 4.20: GSM Cutter
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4.3.2.14 Twist Tester
Company: SDL Atlas

Origin: England
Function: Yarn Twist Test
4.3.2.15 Light Box

Brand: Verivide
Company: Verivide LTD
Origin: England
Function: Visual assessment of color by reflectance & transmission.
4.3.2.16 Color Matching Cabinet
Machine function : Light Source for observation

Brand : Verivide
Origin : England
Manufacturing Year : 2003
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4.4 Dyeing Machinery
Machine Description for Dyeing Section:
Machine No : 01
Additional
Brand name tank capacity (L): TONG
: 150 LGENG
Reserve tank
Origin : Yes
: Taiwan
Machine
Capacity No
(kg) : 05 kg
: 600
Brand name
Machine type : TONG GENG
: Atmospheric
Origin of nozzle
Number : Taiwan
: 03
Manufacturing
Nozzle year
capacity (kg) : 2007
: 200 kg
Capacity
Number of (kg)
additional tank : 800 kg
: 02
Machine type
Additional tank capacity (L) : Atmospheric
: 250 L
Numbertank
Reserve of nozzle : 04
: Yes
Nozzle capacity (kg) : 200 kg
Machine No : 03
Number of additional tank : 02
Brand name : SELAVOS
Additional tank capacity (L) : 300L, 250 L
Origin : Greece
Reserve tank : Yes
Machine No : 06
Capacity (kg) : 250 kg
Brand name : TONG GENG
Machine type : HTHP
Origin : Taiwan
Number of nozzle : 01
Machine type : Atmospheric
Additional tank capacity (L) : 150 L
Reserve tank : No
Number No
Machine of additional tank : 04
: 02
Additional
Brand name tank capacity (L) : 300 LGENG
: TONG
Reserve tank
Origin : Yes
: Taiwan
Machine No year
Manufacturing : 07
: 2007
Brand name
Capacity (kg) : FONG‟S
: 200 kg
Origin type
Machine : Hong Kong
: Atmospheric
Machine type : HTHP
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Reserve tank : No
Machine No : 08
. Number of additional tank : 02
Brand name : DILMENDER
Origin : Toykio
Reserve tank : No
Machine No : 11
Brand name : FONG‟S
Machine type : HTHP
Origin : Hong Kong
Machine type : HTHP
Reserve tank : No
Machine No : 09
Brand name : FONG‟S
Origin : Hong Kong
Reserve tank : No
Machine No :: 200
12 kg
Capacity (kg)
Machine type : Atmospheric
Origin : Greece
Machine type : HTHP
Reserve tank : No
Machine No : 10
Origin : Greece
Reserve tank : No
Machine No : 13
Machine type : HTHP
Origin : Greece
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Machine type : HTHP
Reserve tank : No
Machine No : 14
Origin : Greece
Machine type : HTHP
Reserve tank : No
Machine No : 15
Origin : Greece
Machine type : HTHP
Reserve tank : No
Machine No : 16
Origin : Greece
Capacity (kg) : 750kg
Machine type : HTHP

Reserve tank : No
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Machine No : 17
Origin : Greece
Machine type : HTHP
Reserve tank : No
Sample Machine No : 01
Origin : Taiwan
Machine type : HTHP
Reserve tank : No
Sample Machine No : 02
Origin : Taiwan
Machine type : HTHP
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4.5 Finishing Section:
4.5.1 De-watering & Squeezer machine:
Machine specification:
Brand : Corino
Capacity: 2.5-3 ton/shift
4.5.2 Slitting machine:
Machine Specification:
Brand - Bianco
Origin - Italy
Capacity –3 tones/shift
4.5.3 Specification of Santex dryer:
Brand: Santex AG
Type: Santashink
No of chamber: 5
Capacity: 12 tons/day
Origin: Switzerland
4.5.4 Special Feature of Dryer:
o Steam dryer (two chambers)
o Vibration occur in heating zone.
o Process air pressure switch present.
o Maximum temp. Increase up to 1700C.
o Steam control switch present.
o Two burners present.
o Two conveyor belt is present
4.5.5 Special Feature of Stenter Machine:
o Chamber: 8
o Fuel: Natural gas
o Pressure: 2-4, 6 bar
o Temperature range: up to 220°C
4.5.6 Compacting machine (Tube Tex)

o Origin: USA
o Capacity: 4 ton/shift
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o Controlling point: Feed roller, Take roller, Blade, Steam, Roller pressure, Shape.
o Roller pressure: Single Jersey=12-16 bar, Single Lacoste = 25-28 bar, Interlock =
15-20 bar,
o Rib = 12-15 bar.
4.5.7 Lafer SPA (Open Compacting machine)
o Model: KSA 500 RUNNER

o Origin: Italy
o Capacity: 10 tons/day
o Speed: 50 rpm
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CHAPTER FIVE: PRODUCTION PLANNING,
SEQUENCES AND OPERATION
5.1 Production planning sequence & operation
Collect yarn from spinning mill
Knitting
Batch preparation
Go for bulk production of dyeing
G Finishing of dyed fabric
F Final Quality Inspection
Match the swatch according to buyer’s requirements
Delivery
Figure 5.1: Production planning sequence & operation
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5.2 Knitting
Knitting is the interlocking or interloping of one or more yarns through a series of loop. The
length wise columns of stitches, corresponding to the warp in woven fabrics, are called WALES,
the cross wise rows of stitches, corresponding to the filling in fabrics are known as COURSES.
Filling knits (weft knit) are those fabrics in which the courses are composed of a single strand of
yarns, while warp knits are those in which the Wales are composed of single strands of yarns.
Gauge corresponds to the yarn count in a knitted fabric, and is defined as the number of needles
or yarns in ½ inches of the fabrics. Higher the gauge, the more compact and fine the fabrics.
5.3 Types of Knitting
There are two types -
a. Warp Knitting
b. Weft Knitting
5.3.1 Warp Knitting
In warp knitting, one or two yarn produce vertical column of loops and fabric is produced at length
way such as –Net, Mesh fabric etc.
5.3.2 Weft or Circular Knitting
In weft knitting, one yarn produces a horizontal row of loops and fabric is produced at width way such
as–single jersey, rib, interlock etc.
Figure 5.2: Warp knitting and Weft knitting
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5.4. Principle of knitting
Knitting is the mechanism of producing a series of loops through interlocking or intermeshing of
one or more yarns. Producing a series of loop for constructing fabric through one or more yarn is
the principle of knitting. The length wise columns of stitches, corresponding to the warp in woven
cloth, are called WALES; the cross wise rows of stitches, corresponding to the filling in woven
cloth, are called COURSES, filling knits (WEFT KNITS) are those fabrics in which the courses are
composed of a single strand of yarn, while warp knits are those in which the Wales are composed
of single strand of yarn.
5.5 Loop formation
A knitted fabric may be made with a single yarn which is formed into interlocking loops with the
help of hooked needles. According to the purpose of the fabric, the loops may be loosely or closely
constructed. Crocheted fabric is the simplest example of knitting where a chain of loops is
constructed from a single thread with the help of a hook. As the loops are interlocked in a knitted
fabric, it can stretch in any direction even when a low-grade yarn having little elasticity is used.
Figure 5.3: Loop formation
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5.6 Process Flow Chart of Knitting
Yarn in package form (cone form)

↓
Place the yarn package in the creel
↓
Feeding the yarn
↓
Set the m/c as per design & GSM
↓
Knitting
↓
Withdraw the roll fabric and weighting
↓
Roll marking
↓
Inspection
↓
Numbering
↓
Dispatching
5.7 Relation between Yarn Count and GSM for Cotton / Blend / CVC Fabric
Table 5.1: S/J without Lycra
Fabric G.S.M Yarn Count
110 –120 40 –36s

120 –130 36 - 32 s
130 –140 32 –28 s
140 –150 28 s
150 –160 26 s
170 –210 24 s
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Table 5.2: Rib without Lycra

180 –190 36 - 32 s
s
190 –200 30
200 –215 28 s
215 –230 26 s
s
230 –250 24
250 –300 24 s
Table 5.3 :Lacoste without Lycra

180 –190 30 s
190 –210 28 s
210 –230 26 s
230 –250 26 s
Table 5.4:40 D Lycra S/J

180 –190 34 s
190 –210 32 s
210 –220 30 s
220 –240 28 s
240 –250 26 s
5.8 Produced Fabric Types

1) Single Jersey
Single jersey (Plain)
Lycra Single jersey
Single Lacoste
Double Lacoste
Polo pique
2)Double jersey
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Rib Fabric
Pointal Rib Fabric 
 Interlock Fabric 
Collar and Cuff
 Jacquard Collar 
 Tipping Collar
 Race Collar


3) Decorative S/J and D/J
 Feeder Stripe 
 Engineering Stripe 
 French Terry 
 Birds Eye 
 Herringbone 
 Thermal 
 Waffle 
Mélange
 
5.9 Features of Circular Knitting Machine

1. Circular knitting machine normally has rotating cylindrical needle bed(s).
2. On circular knitting machine latch & compound needles are used.
3. For S/J machine, holding down sinkers are used.
4. Normally stationary angular cam systems are used for needle & sinker.
5. Stationary yarn feeders are used.
6. Yarn feeder guide is associated with its own set of knitting cam.
7. Machine gauge is normally used 5 to 40 needles per inch.
5.10 Main Parts of a Circular Knitting Machine

The parts of the knitting are –
Needle:
The needles are stitch forming elements. They are displaced vertically up and down
and are mounted into the tricks or cuts of the knitting cylinder.
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Figure 5.4: Needle
Sinker: The sinker is the second primary knitting element. It is a thin metal plate with an
individual or a collective action operating approximately at right angles from the hook side
of the needle bed, between adjacent needles.
Figure 5.5: Sinker

Cam: The knitting cams are hardened steels and they are the assembly of different cam
plates so that a track for butt can be arranged. Each needle movement is obtained by means
of cams acting on the needle butts.
The upward movement of the needle is obtained by the rising cams or clearing cams. The
rising cam places the needle at a certain level as it approaches the yarn area. Cams
controlling the downward movement of the needles are called stitch cams.
Figure 5.6: Cam
Creel: Creel is a part of a knitting machine. Hear yarn package are store and ready to feed
in the machine.
VDQ Pulley: It is a very important part of the machine. It controls the quality of the
product. Altering the position of the tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric. If
pulley moves towards the positive directive then the G.S.M. is decrease. And in the reverse
direction G.S.M will increase.
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Pulley Belt: It controls the rotation of the MPF wheel.
Brush: Its clean the pulley belt.
Tension Disk: It confronts the tension of the supply yarn.
Inlet and Outlet Stop Motion: It is an important part of the machine. It stops the machine
instantly when a yarn is break.
Yarn Guide: Its help the yarn to feed in the feeder.
MPF Wheel: Its control the speed of the MPF. Pulley belt gives motion to the wheel.
MPF: It is Manager positive feed. It is also an important part of the machine. It’s feed to the
machine.
Feeder Ring: It is a ring. Where all feeders are pleased together.
Disk Drum: Use in jacquard machine to produce various types of design
Pattern Wheel: Pattern Wheel use in Pai Lung and Auto Stripe machine because of that
that help to produce various types of design and stripe
Feeder: Feeder is help yarn to feed in to the machine.
Needle Track: Where all Needles is placed together in a decent design.
Sinker Ring: Sinker ring is a ring. Where all sinkers are pleased together.
Lycra Attachment Device: Lycra is placed hear and feeding to the machine.
Lycra Stop Motion: It is one kind of stop motion to stop the machine when the Lycra is
break.
Cylinder: Needle track are situated hear
Cylinder Balancer: It helps the cylinder to set in a proper alignment.
Lubrication: The lubricator provides uniform lubrication to needles, cam tracks, lifters and
other knitting machine components. The patented nozzle construction separates the air-oil
mixture into air and droplets of oil.
Adjustable Fan: This part removes lint, hairy fiber from yarn and others. To clean the dust
by air flow.
Expander: To control the width of the knitted fabric. No distortion of the knitting
courses. Even take down tension in the knitting machine. As a result, an even fabric
structure is achieved over the entire fabric width. The deformation of the knitted fabric
goods can be reduced.
44 | P a g e
Needle Detector: This part detect the any type of faults of needles.
Air Gun Nozzle: To feed the yarn; sometimes it is used for cleaning purpose.
5.11 Needle and Cam Arrangement of Different Types of Fabric
Needle and Cam arrangement of different types of fabrics are –
= Knit Cam = Tuck Cam = Miss Cam
1 = 1 Butt Needle 2 = 2 Butt Needle3 = 3 Butt Needle
Figure 5.7: Different types of knit
Cam 5.11.1 Single Jersey Fabric
(i) Using two tuck cam
Figure 5.8: CAM and Needle arrangement
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(ii) Using four tuck cam
1
2
3
4

5.11. 2 Single Lacoste
(ii) Using three tuck cam
2 2
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5.11.3 Double Lacoste
1 1 1
2 2 2
1 1
2 2
5.11.4 Single Pique
1 1
2 2
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(i) Using four tuck cam
1
2
3
4
5.11.5 Double Pique
1 1
2 2
Figure. 5.16: CAM and Needle arrangement
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5.11.6 Fleece Fabric (3T)
Using four tuck cam
1
2
3
4
5.11.7 Terry Fabric (2T)
Using four tuck cam
1
2
3
4
5.11.8 1×1 Rib
Dial:
2 2
1 1
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Cylinder:
1 1
2 2
5.11.9 2×2 Rib
Dial
2 2
1 1
Cylinder
1 1
2 2
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5.11.10 Double Pique
Dial
2 2
1 1
Cylinder
1 1
2 2
5.11.11 Twill Effect
5.12 Production Parameter

  Machine Diameter 
  Machine rpm (revolution per minute) 
  No. of feeds or feeders in use 
  Machine Gauge 
  Count of yarn 
  Required time (M/C running time) 
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5.13 Considerable Points to Produce Knit Fabric
When a buyer orders for fabric then they mention some points related to production and
quality. Before production of knitted fabric, these factors are needed to consider. Those are as
follows:
  Type of Fabric or design of Fabric.
  Finished G.S.M. 
  Yarn count 
  Types of yarn (combed or carded) 
  Diameter of the fabric. 
  Stitch length 
 Color depth. 
5.14 G.S.M
It is technical term that indicates the weight of the fabric per square meter. Point considered
while setting grey GSM:
 Enzyme level
 Color
 Suited or non- suited
5.15 Changing of GSM
 Major control by VDQ pulley.

 Minor control by stitch length adjustment.
 Altering the position of the tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric. If pulley
moves towards the positive directive then the G.S.M. is decrease and in the reverse
direction G.S.M will increase.
5.16 Factors that should be changed in Case of Fabric design on quality Change
 Cam setting
 Set of needle
 Size of loop shape
5.17 Product Mix

The product which are available in knit dyeing floor are given below:
 100 % Cotton
 100 % Polyester
-Spun
-Filament
 Nylon
 CVC
 Polyester Cotton Blend
 Gray Melange
-15 % Viscose 85 % Cotton
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5.18 Faults In Knitting
1. Hole Mark
Causes:
  Holes are the results of yarn breakage or yarn cracks. 
  During loop formation the yarn breaks in the rejoin of the needle hook. 
  If the yarn count is not correct on regarding structure, gauge, course and density. 
  Badly knot or splicing. 
 Yarn feeder badly set. 
Remedies:
  Yarn strength must be sufficient to withstand the stretch as well as uniform. 
  Use proper count of yarn. 
  Correctly set of yarn feeder. 

 Knot should be given properly.
2. Needle Mark
Causes:
  When a needle breaks down then needle mark comes along the fabrics. 

If a needle or needle hook is slightly bends then needle mark comes on the fabrics. 
Remedies:

Needle should be straight as well as from broken latch.
3. Sinker Mark
Causes:

When sinker corrodes due to abrasion then sometimes cannot hold a new loop as a result
Sinker mark comes.

 If sinker head bend then sinker mark comes.

Remedies:
4. Star Mark
Causes:
 Yarn tension variation during production. 
 Buckling of the needle latch. 
Remedies:
 Maintain same Yarn tension during production.
 Use good conditioned needles. 
5. Drop Stitches
Causes:
  Defective needle.
 If yarn is not properly fed during loop formation i.e. not properly laid on to the needle
Hook.
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  Take-down mechanism too loose.
  Insufficient yarn tension.
 Badly set yarn feeder.
Remedies:
  Needle should be straight & well. 
  Proper feeding of yarn during loop formation. 
  Correct take up of the fabric & correct fabric tension. 
 Yarn tension should be properly. 
6. Oil stain
Causes:
 When oil lick through the needle trick then it pass on the fabrics and make a line.
Remedies:
  Ensure that oil does not pass on the fabrics. 
 Well maintenance as well as proper oiling. 
7. Rust stain
Causes:

If any rust on the machine parts.
Remedies:
  If any rust on the machine parts then clean it. 

 Proper maintenance as well as proper oiling.
8. Pin hole
Causes:
 Due to break down or bend of the latch, pin hole may come in the fabric.
Remedies:
 Change the needle.
9. Grease stain
Causes:

 improper greasing 
 Excess greasing 
Remedies:
 Proper greasing as well as proper maintenance
10. Cloth fall- out

Causes:
 Cloth fall- out can occur after a drop stitch especially when an empty needle with an empty
54 | P a g e
 Needle with closed latch runs into the yarn feeder and remove the yarn out of the hook of 
the following needles. 
Remedies:
 Make sure all the latches of needle are closed with feeding yarn after a drop stitch.
11. Barer
A fault in weft knitted fabric appearing as light or dark course wise (width wise) stripes.
Causes:

 This fault comes from yarn fault. 
 If different micro near value of fiber content in yarn. 

 Different luster, dye affinity of fiber content in yarn.


During spinning different similar classes of fiber is mixed specially in carded yarn & these
 Fibers have similar characteristics. 
 In draw fame different similar classes sliver is mixed and make one sliver. 
Remedies:

We can use this fabric in white color.
12.Fly
Causes:
In knitting section too much lint is flying to and fro that are created from yarn due to low twist
as well as yarn friction. This lint may adhere or attaches to the fabric surface tightly during knit
Fabric production.
Remedies:
  Blowing air for cleaning and different parts after a certain period of time. 
  By cleaning the floor continuously. 
  By using ducting system for cleaning too much lint in the floor. 
 Over all ensure that lint does not attach to the fabric. 
13. Yarn Contamination
Causes:
  If yarn contains foreign fiber then it remains in the fabric even after finishing, 
 If lot, count mixing occurs. 
Remedies:
  By avoiding lot, count mixing. 

 Fault less spinning.
14. Yarn Faults
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 Naps, Slubs, Yarn count, Thick/Thin place in yarn, Hairiness.
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5.19 Some sample of Fabrics are as follows
Table 5.2: Different types knit sample
Name of fabric Sample of fabric

S/J
Lycra S/J
Rib 1/1
Rib 2/2
Lacoste / Pique
Grey Mélange
Fleece
Lycra Lacoste
Slub S/J
Interlock
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5.20 Methods of Increasing Production
By the following methods the production of knitted fabric can be increased –

1. By increasing m/c speed
Higher the m/c speed faster the movement of needle and ultimately production will be
increased. But it has to make sure that excess tension is not imposed on yarn because of this
high speed.
2. By increasing the number of feeder
If the number of feeder is increased in the circumference of cylinder, then the number of
courses will be increased in one revolution at a time.
3. By using machine of higher gauge
The more the machine gauge, the more the production is. So by using machine of higher
gauge production can be increased.
4. By imposing automation in the m/c
 Quick starting & stopping for efficient driving system.

 Automatic m/c lubrication system for smoother operation.
 Photo electric fabric fault detector.
5. By imposing other developments

Using creel-feeding system.
Applying yarn supply through plastic tube that eliminates the possibilities of yarn damage.
Using yarn feed control device.
5.21 Batching Section

5.21.1 Batch preparation
Batch preparation can be defined as a process where the visually Inspected gray fabric
are divided into different batches. It is a part of dying process & it is done to feed the
dyeing machines for fabric dyeing. It is very important to make a batch with
maintaining a correct length of each nozzle.
5.21.2 Function or purpose of batch section
 To receive the grey fabric roll from knitting section or other source.
 To perform the grey inspection.
 Turn the grey fabric if require.
 To prepare the batch for dyeing according to the following criteria –
 Order sheet (Received from buyer)
 Dyeing shade (color or white, light or dark)
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o
 M/C capacity
 Type of fabrics(100% cotton, PET, PC,
CVC)
o
 Emergency
M/c available
Others
 To send the grey fabric to the dyeing floor with batch card.
 To keep records for every fabrics before dying.
5.21.3 Proper batching criteria

 To use maximum capacity of existing dyeing m/c.
 To minimize the washing time or preparation time & m/c stoppage time.
 To keep the no of batch as less as possible for same shade.
 To use a particular m/c for dyeing same shade.
5.21.4 Batch management

Primarily batching is done by dyeing manager taking the above criteria under
consideration. Batch section in charge receives this primary batch plan from dyeing
manager. Sometime planning is adjusted according to m/c condition or emergency.
5.21.5 Batch Calculation

Rope Length: Total length of fabric is called rope length.
Rope Length= Fabric Wt. in Kg × 1000 meter/Fabric GSM × Fabric

width in m Batch ratio = Fabric dia× Batch Quantity/Total Quantity
Process sequence of Batch preparation:

Receive batch card from Grey In-charge
Make the priority as per dyeing plan
Take one specific Batch card
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Read the Batch Card for own understanding
Check the availability of fabric
Take required quantity of body fabric from ware-house
Make required no. of Rope maintaining equal length
Take collar/cuff as per size, keep the total weight
Distribute the collar/cuff or Rib in each rope equally unsure equal length
Stitch the fabric
Write down the weight against roll no. in the back side of the Batch Card
Write the total weight in Batch card
Put signature & date
Fill up the production report form.
5.21.6 Turning
Normally turning is done for those fabrics which are not same in both face & back to protect the
face side of fabric from any dust, spot, other color, machine corrosion or any visual or physical
disturbance.
The machine by which counting of rolls & face/back side of fabric is opened is called turner
machine. Generally the following fabrics are turned by the machine
Single Lacoste
Double Lacoste
1×1 Rib
2×2 Rib
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5.22 Dyeing Section
5.22.1 Layout of Dyeing Floor
M/C D
= Dyeing m/c = Dryer
Figure 5.27: Dyeing and Finishing Floor - 01
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M/C-
= Dyeing m/c SM/C- =Sample Dyeing m/c
Figure 5.28: Sample and Bulk Dyeing Floor
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Fiure5.29: Dyeing and Finishing Floor - 02
SM/C
M/C
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Figure 5.30: Sample Dyeing Floor
5.22.2 Dyeing Sequence of operations for each

product
5.22.2.1 For Cotton Knitted fabric

Fabric receiving
Fabric inspection
Batching
Scouring & Bleaching
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Dyeing
After treatment & Softening
Fixing
Dewatering/ Squeezing
Drying
Compacting
Final Inspection
5.22.2. 2 Jet Dyeing Machine
This is the most modern machine used for the dyeing of polyester using disperse dyes. In
this machine the cloth is dyed in rope form which is the main disadvantage of the machine.
In this machine, the dye tank contains disperse dye, dispersing agent, leveling agent and
acetic acid. The solution is filled up in the dye tank and it reaches the heat exchanger
where the solution will be heated which then passed on to the centrifugal pump and then to
the filter chamber.
Figure 5.31: Jet Dyeing Machine
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The solution will be filtered and reaches the tubular chamber. Here the material to be dyed
Will be loaded and the winch is rotated, so that the material is also rotated. Again the dye
liquor reaches the heat exchanger and the operation is repeated for 20 to 30 minutes at 135o
C. Then the dye bath is cooled down, after the material is taken out.
Metering wheel is also fixed on winch by external electronic unit. Its purpose is to record the
Speed of the fabric. The thermometer, pressure gauge is also fixed in the side of the machine
To note the temperature and pressure under working. A simple device is also fixed to note
the
Shade under working.
5.2.22.3 Advantages Jet Dyeing Machine
 Dyeing time is short compared to beam dyeing.

 Material to liquor ratio is 1:5 (or) 1:6
 Production is high compared to beam dyeing machine.

5.2.22.4 Winch Dyeing Machine
A dyeing machine consisting essentially of a dye vessel fitted with a driven winch usually
above the liquor level) which rotates and draws a length of fabric, normally joined end to
end, through the liquor.
Winch dyeing machine is a rather old dyeing machine for fabrics in rope form with
stationary liquor and moving material. The machine operates at a maximum temperature of
95-98°C. The liquor ratio is generally quite high (1:20-1:40). Winch dyeing machines are a
low cost design that is simple to operate and maintain, yet versatile in application proving
invaluable for preparation, washing or after treatments as well as the dyeing stage itself. In
all winch dyeing machines a series of fabric ropes of equal length are immersed in the dye
bath but part of each rope is taken over two reels or the winch itself. The rope of fabric is
circulated through the dye bath being hauled up and over the winch throughout the course
of the dyeing operation. Dyestuff and auxiliaries may be dosed manually or automatically in
accordance with the recipe method.

5.22.5. Description and Dyeing Method on Winch Dyeing Machine:

The basic principle of all winch dyeing machines is to have a number of loops or ropes of the
fabric in the dye bath, these ropes are of equal length, which are mostly immersed in the
Liquor in the bath. The upper part of each rope runs over two reels which are mounted over
Dye bath. At the front of the machine, above the top of the dye liquor, is a smaller reel, which
Is called jockey or fly roller. The fly roller remains freewheeling along with fabric rope. At
the back of winch tank is the winch wheel, which pulls the fabric rope from the dye bath over
The jockey reel for dropping in the dye bath for immersion. From the dropped location, the
Fabric rope travels back. To be lifted and fed to winch wheel. The dyeing process on winch
66 | P a g e
Dyeing machines is based on higher M:L as compared with other dyeing machines. The
Process is conducted with very little tension. The total dyeing time is lengthier as compared
To other machines. 
5.2.22.6 Advantages of Winch Dyeing Machine:
1. Construction and operation of winch are very simple.
2. The winch dyeing machines are suitable for types of wet processing operations
from desizing to softening.
3. The winch dyeing machine is suitable for practically all types of fabrics, which can
withstand creasing in rope form processing.
4. The tension exerted on winch is less than jigger dyeing machine, the material thus
dyed is with fuller hand.
5. The appearance of the dyed goods is clean and smooth on winch dyeing machines.
5.2.22.7 The main parts of a dyeing machine are-

1. Main tank
2. Reserve tank
3. Additional/Mixing tank
4. Circulation pump
5. Nozzle
6. Valve
7. Heat exchanger
8. Filter
. 5.22.8 Dyeing Procedure For 100% Cotton Dark Shade
Fabric loading
Required amount of water
Wetting agent / PCLF

Stabilizer / AD-100
Leveling Agent / MRLUB AC Dosing 60c 0
min Sequestering Agent / MECLEAR HMH
OSR
Anti-creasing agent [Only for S/J]
Caustic Soda
Run 60c 5 min
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Temp rise 70c
H2O2
Dosing 60c 10 min

Scouring 105c 60 min
Drain Dosing 110c 10 min
Temp rise
78c 0 min
Drain
98c 10 min

Acetic Acid
Run 60c 5 min 78c 0 min

Drain
H
Enzyme (P 4.5)
Run 80c 10 min

.
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Drain
H2O2 Killer / MECLEARVHK Dosing 40c 0 min
Drain
Water in addition tank

Leveling agent / ULM

Dye stuff

Salt / Glover salt

Soda ash
Run 60c 60 min, sample checking at 20 min if shade is ok
Bath Drain
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Rinse 10 min 2 times
Bath Drain
H
Acetic acid / Acid (P = 5.5) Dosing 0c 0 min
Run 0c 10 min
Drain
Washing agent / MEOSAP CSTN Dosing 60c 0 min
Run 70c 30 min (Depends upon shade)
Rinse 10 min 2 times
H
Acetic acid / Acid (P = 5.5) Dosing 0c 0 min
Run 0c 10 min, if sample is ok.
Softener / MEOSOFT CSS Dosing 45c 0 min
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Drain
Rinse
Fixing agent / VNFA Dosing 45c 0 min
Run 20 min
Drain
Unload
5.22.9 Dyeing Recipe For 100% Cotton Dark

Shade
M:L –1:8 = 3132 Liter LOT NO- 22108A/C
BUYER-BGEX COLOR- ARD (Dark Shade)
O/R.NO- MHG02 FABRIC QTY- 391.5 Kgs
O/R. QTY-5700Pcs M/C SPEED- 260
s
YARN-28 Cotton PRESSURE- 0.5
FABRIC TYPE-Higher Jersey NOZZLE-01
SHIFT-A DATE-13.04.18
DOSING DYES & CHEMICALS QUANTITY
Kg Gram. Milligram
1.2 g/l PCLF / SUPERWET 400 3 800 1000
1.2 g/l OSR 3 800 1200

0.6 g/l ULM/MRLUB AC 1 900 1300
0.4 g/l MUCHR HMH 1 300 1700
0.4 g/l STABILIZER AD-100 1 300 2100
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2.5 g/l CAUSTI SODA 7 800
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3.5% H2O2 13 700
1.2 % ACETIC ACID 3 800
0.2 % MECLEAR VHK 600
0.4 % E2R/SUPER LEB 350 1 300
0.4 % MRLUB AC 1 300
60 GLAUBER SALT 188
15 SODA ASH 47
1.0 % ENZYME 3 900
4.1 % ANITA ORANGE ME2RL 16 51 500
3.2 % JINJIPAI RED 3BS 12 528
0.00065 ANITA BLUE XF 2 544
%
0.6 g/l ACETIC ACID 1 900
0.4 g/l MEOSAP CSTN 1 300
0.1 % ACETIC ACID 400
1.2 % MEOSOFT CSS 4 700
2% FIXING-ECO/VNFA 7 800
Table 5.3: Different dossing chemical amount
5.22.10 Dyeing Procedure For 100 % Cotton Light Shade

Fabric loading

Stabilizer / AD-100
0
Leveling Agent / ULM Dosing 60 c 0 min Sequestering
Agent / MECLEAR HMH
OSR
Anti-creasing agent [Only for S/J]
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0
0 Dosing 60 c 10 min
Run 60 c 5 min
Caustic Soda
0
Temp rise 70 c
H2O2
0
Scouring 105 c 60 min 0
78 c 0 min
Cooling
Drain
0
98 c 10 min
Scouring Hot 0
78 c 0 min
Cooling
Drain
Scouring Acid
0
Run 60 c 10 min
0
Drain Dosing 55 c 50 min
H
Enzyme (P 4.5)
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0
Run 80 c 10 min
Drain
10 min
Cold Rinse
0
Dosing 40 c 0 min
H2O2 Killer / MECLEARVHK
0
Run 40 c 10 min
Drain
Water in addition tank

0
Leveling agent / ULM 0

0
Run 60 c 10 min
Dye stuff 0
Run 60 c 10 min
Salt / Glauber salt

0
0
Run 60 c 10 min
Soda ash
0
Run 60 c 60 min, if shade is ok at
Color Steam
20 min
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Bath Drain
Cold Wash 10 min
Bath Drain
0
Acetic acid / BD Acid Dosing 0 c 0 min
0
Run 0 c 10 min
Drain
0
Color Hot / MEOSAP CSTN Dosing 70 c 0 min
0
Run 70 c 30 min (Depends upon shade)
Cold wash 10 min
0
Acetic acid / Softener Acid dosing 0 c 0 min
0
Run 45 c 5 min, if sample is ok.
0
Softener / MEOSOFT CSS dosing 45 c 0 min
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0
Run 45 c 20 min
Drain
Rinse
0
Fixing agent / VNFA Dosing 45 c 0 min
Run 20 min
Drain
Unload
5.22.10 Dyeing Recipe For 100% Cotton Light Shade:
M:L –1:8 = 1180 Liter LOT NO- 22035A/C
BUYER-BGEX COLOR- NTB (Light)
O/R.NO- MCBIG FABRIC QTY- 147.5 Kgs
O/R. QTY-16702Pcs M/C SPEED- 220
YARN-28s Slub PRESSURE- 0.5
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FABRIC TYPE-Single Jersey NOZZLE-01
SHIFT-A DATE-15.04.18
Kg gm. Mg
1.0 g/l PCLF / SUPERWET 400 1 20
1.2 g/l OSR 1 400

0.2 g/l ULM/MRLUB AC 250
0.4 g/l MUCHR HMH 500
0.3 g/l STABILIZER AD-100 360
2.5 g/l CAUSTI SODA 3
3.5% H2O2 5 200

1.2 % ACETIC ACID 1 400
0.4 % E2R/SUPER LEB 350 500
0.4 % MRLUB AC 500
30 GLAUBER SALT 35 500
6 SODA ASH 7
1.0 % ENZYME 1 500
4.1 % REACTIVE BLUE (SP) 88 500
0.0052% JINJIPAI RED 3BS 7 670
0.06 % ANITA BLUE XF 88 500
0.6 g/l ACETIC ACID 700
0.4 g/l MEOSAP CSTN 500
0.1 % ACETIC ACID 150
1.0 % MEOSOFT CSS 1 500
2% FIXING-ECO/VNFA 3
Table 5.4: Different dossing chemical amount
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5.22.11 Dyeing Procedure for White dyeing
process
Fabric loading

Stabilizer / AD-100
0
Leveling Agent / ULM Dosing 60 c 0 min
Sequestering Agent / MECLEAR HMH
Anti-creasing agent
0
Run 60 c 10 min
0
Caustic Soda Dosing 60 c 0 min
0
Run 60 c 10 min
0
HO Dosing 105 c 10 min
2 2
0
Scouring 105 c 45 min
0
Cooling 75 c
Drain
0
Syno White 4BK Dosing 70 c 20 min
0
Run 98 c 20 min
0
Cooling 75 c
Drain
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0
Wash 5 c 5 min (2 times)
Drain
Acid Normal 0
0 c 10 min
Run10 min
H 0
Enzyme (P 4.5) Dosing 55 c 0 min
0
Run 55 c 50 min
0
Temp control 80 c 10 min
Drain
0
Cold Wash 0 c 10 min
0
Acetic acid / Softener Acid Dosing 0 c 0 min
0
Run 0 c 10 min, if sample is ok.
0
Softener / MEOSOFT CSS Dosing 45 c 0 min
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0
Run 45 c 20 min
Drain
Rinse
Drain
Unload
5.22.12 Dyeing Recipe for White dyeing process
M: L –1:8 = 48 Liter LOT NO- 21263
BUYER-MPL COLOR- White
O/R.NO- 577-43049 FABRIC QTY- 5.6 Kgs
YARN-24 COB FABRIC TYPE-Single Jersey
SHIFT-C DATE-17.04.18
Kg gm
0.8 g/l PCLF / SUPERWET 400 40
0.2 g/l ULM/MRLUB AC 10

0.8 g/l MUCHR HMH 40
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0.4 g/l STABILIZER AD-100 20
2.5 g/l CAUSTI SODA 120
8% H2O2 500
0.8% ACETIC ACID 40
1.0 % ENZYME 60
0.5 % SYNO WHITE 4BK 30
0.1 g/l ACETIC ACID 6
1.0 % MEOSOFT CSS 60
Table.5.5: Different dossing chemical amount
5.22.13 Dyeing Procedure For 100% Polyester dyeing
Fabric loading
0
Wetting agent / PCLF Dosing 60 c 0 min
0
Run 98 c 20 min
Cooling
Drain
Cold wash
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MRLUB 50-V
0
Leveling agent Dosing 60 c 0 min
0
Color Dosing 60 c 0 min
0
Run 60 c 10 min
0 0
Temp rise 100 c (1 /min Gradient)
0 0
Temp rise 130 c (0.5 /min Gradient)
0
Run 130 c 30 min
Cooling
Sample cut (If sample is ok)
Drain
Wash
PCLF = 0.5 g/l
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0
Caustic = 1.5 g/l Dosing 105 c 0 min
Hydrose = 2 %
0
Reduction clearing Dosing 105 c 20 min
Cooling
Bath Drain
Wash
0
Acetic acid Dosing 0 c 0 min
0
Run 0 c 10 min
Drain
Wash
Sample check (If sample is ok)
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0
Softener / MEOSOFT CSS dosing 45 c 0 min
0
Run 45 c 20 min
Drain
Rinse
Unload
5.22.14 Wet processing recipes

Polyester-Cotton Blend dyeing process
Shade –Navy Buyer: Colin’s
Fabric Quality –Flat Knit Grey GSM –190
Finish GSM –210 M: L –1: 8
5.22.15 Polyester part dyeing: Dyeing Program-01-Polyester Light 135 process

Dyeing Recipe:-Pretreatment
Detergent –JET : 1 g/l
Sequestering Agent –SUPERLEB-35 : 1 g/l
Anti-creaser –AC : 2.5 g/l
Stabilizer –AD-100 : 0.3 g/l
Antifoam –Antimissile –HTS : 0.2 g/l
Alkali –Caustic Soda : 2 g/l
Bleaching Agent –H2O2 : 3 g/l
Neutralization:
Acid –Acetic Acid : 1 g/l
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Soaping
Soaping Agent –JET : 0.7.5 g/l
Dyeing
Dispersing Agent –Satanal –WS : 1 g/l

Buffer –Etasan –S Taicon : 1.5 g/l
Yellow HWT Taicon Crimson : 0.114 %
XTF Taicon Navy Blue HWT : 0.093 %
Reduction Cleaning
Caustic Soda : 2 g/l
Hydrose : 2 g/l
Neutralization
Soaping:
Soaping Agent –JET : 0.75 g/l
5.22.16 Cotton Part Dyeing: Dyeing Program-02-Cotton Dk Isothermal Process
Dyeing Recipe:-Pretreatment
Detergent –Sandaclean PCLF : 1 g/l
Neutralization
Dyeing
Sequestering Agent –MECLEAR HMH : 2 g/l
Anti-creaser –Shun soft ULB : 2 g/l
Leveling Agent –Dormagen E2R : 2 g/l
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Antifoam –Antimussol –HTS : 0.2 g/l
Remazol Yellow RGB : 0.88 %
Remazol Red RGB : 0.929 %
Kemifix Navy SPW : 2.04 %
Electrolyte –Gluber Salt : 80 g/l
Alkali –Soda ash : 5 g/l
Caustic Soda : 1 g/l
Neutralization
Soaping
Soaping Agent –Gasoap LO : 0.75 g/l
Fixing
Acid –Acetic Acid : 0.3 g/l
Fixing –VNFA : 0.75 g/l
Softener
Acid –Acetic Acid : 0.45 g/l
Cationic softener –MEO SOFT CSS : 1.25 g/l
Cationic softener –Gigasoft CWS 280 : 0.75 g/l
5.22.17 Stripping
Fabric Loading
0
PCLF Dosing 60 c 0 min
0
Caustic Dosing 60 c 0 min
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0
Steam 90 c
0
Hydrose
0
Steam 90 c 30 min
Cooling
Sample check
If the sample do not match Drain
0
Loading Steam 98 c 10 min
Bleaching Cooling
Color Drain
Acid 980c 10 min

Salt
Continued to further process Unload
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5.22.18 Topping
Fabric Loading
0
R S K hot (90 c ×30 min)
Cold wash
Acid wash
H
P check
Dye chemical
Vender recommendation (salt dosing either before or after color)
Color
Sample check (if ok then soda dosing run time until matching)
Sample cut (if do not match, increase temp)
Cold wash
R S K hot
Acid wash
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Softener
Unloading
5.22.19 Dyeing faults & their remedies

Uneven dyeing
Causes:
Uneven pretreatment
Uneven heat-setting in case of synthetic fibers
Quick addition of dyes and chemicals
 Remedies
  By ensuring even pretreatment 

  By ensuring even heat-setting in case of synthetic fibers 
  By slow addition of dyes and chemicals 
 Proper controlling of dyeing m/c

Shade variation (Batch to batch): Batch to batch shade variation is common in
Exhaust dyeing which is not completely avoidable. Even though, to ensure a
consistent batch to batch production of shade the following matters should be
controlled carefully- 

  Use standard dyes and chemicals 

  Maintain the same liquor ratio 
  Follow the standard pretreatment procedure 
  Maintain the same dyeing cycle 
  Identical dyeing procedure should be followed for the same depth of the shade 

 Make sure that the operators add the right bulk chemicals at the same time and
temperature in the process.
 
The PH, hardness and sodium carbonate content of supply water should check daily.
Dye spot
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 Causes:
 Improper mixing of dyestuff in the solution, in right amount of water, at the
Temperature.
 Remedies

When adding
We should pass the dissolved dyestuff through a fine stainless steel mesh strainer
it to the chemical tank, so that the large un-dissolved particles are removed.
Patchy dyeing
 Causes:
 Uneven heat in the machine.

Improper impregnation of dye liquor due to the low wetting property of the fabric.

Dye migration during intermediate dyeing.
 Remedies:
 By proper pretreatment.
 By adding extra wetting agent.
 Heat should be same throughout the dye liquor.
Specky dyeing
 Causes:
  Excessive foam in the dye bath. 
  Fall of water droplets on fabric surface before or after dyeing. 
 In sufficient after treatment. 
 Remedies:
  By using antifoaming agent. 
  Sufficient after treatment. 
By using a good wetting agent in the dye bath 
5.22.20 Finishing
A series of processing operations applied to gray fabrics to enhance their appearance and
Hand, properties and possible applications.
  Play a fundamental role for the commercial excellence of the results of textiles. 
  The most simple form of finishing is the ironing or pressing on the fabric. 
 In finishing, the fabric is subjected to mechanical and chemical treatment in which its  quality
and appearance are improved and its commercial value enhanced.
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 Physical finishing techniques(dry finishing processes) or chemical finishing methods
(Wet finishing) are used.
5.22.21 Types of finishing

 Mechanical Finishing 
 Chemical Finishing 
5.22.22 Finishing process
During dyeing all knit fabrics are dyed in tubular form. According to buyers
requirement dyed fabrics are finished in either tubular form or Open-width form.
5.22.23 Tubular finish
Dewatering & Softening
Dryer
Turning
Tube compactor
Final inspection
5.22.24 Open width finish
Slitting, Dewatering & Softening
Stenter
Open compactor
Final inspection
5.22.25 Finishing Faults and
Their remedies
1. Wet squeezer marks Causes
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These marks are caused due to excessive pressure of the squeezer rolls on the wet fabric.
Remedies
a). Use the padding mangle only for the application of the softener.
b). Use a hydro extractor (centrifuge) for the extraction to avoid the squeezer roll marks. c).After
extraction open the fabric manually to prevent crease marks in the damp fabric
2. GSM Variation
Causes
Roll to roll variation in the process parameters of the fabric like overfeed and widthwise
stretching of the dyed fabric on the stenter, calender and compactor machines.
Remedies
Make sure that all the fabric rolls in a lot are processed under the same process parameters.
3. Bowing
Causes
Uneven distribution of tension across the fabric width while dyeing or finishing the fabric.
Remedies
Bowing can be corrected by reprocessing the fabric by feeding it from the opposite end
4. Skewing
Causes
Improper feeding of the fabric while compacting.
Remedies
Use a drop needle line as a reference line to keep the grain lines straight while feeding the
fabric slowly on the compactor machines.
5. Shrinkage Causes
Shrinkage is primarily due to high tension during the knitting, dyeing and the finishing
processes.
Remedies
Allow the fabric to relax properly before it is cut out.
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Give maximum overfeed to the fabric during the processing on the stenter and compactor
machines.
6. Over Compaction
Causes
a. Excess shoe pressure.
b. Excess overfeed (compaction) given to fabric with respect to potential shrinkage.
Remedies
a. Potential shrinkage test.
b. Correct setting of machine.
c. Re-compaction with lesser over-feed.
7. Fabric width variation Causes

If the stretched width is vary from roll to roll while feeding the fabric in the stenter and
compactor.
Remedies
The stretched width of the fabric should remain constant for each roll during finishing in the stenter
and in the compactor.
Figure 5.32. Pie chart of finishing faults 8.

Unwanted marks on fabric
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Oily stains with dust adhered to surface which makes the stains more prominent and difficult to
remove, due to contact with oil or grease covered exposed machine parts,  careless handling could
be another cause.
9. Decolorized patch on fabric
Caused due to
Chemical spillage on fabric.

Localized excess bleaching.
Localized excess enzyme wash.
Can be result into weakening of the

fabric
 10. Pin holes 


Holes along selvage caused by pins holding fabric while it processes through tenter
 Frame. 

Major defect if pin holes extend into body of fabric far enough to be visible in the
Finished product. 
11. Sanforize Pucker
  Results from uneven wetting out on sanforize. 

  Usually caused by defective spray heads. 
 Fabric will appear wavy or puckering when spread on cutting table. 
 Difficult to detect during inspection on inspection machine with fabric under roller tension.
12. Pilling
 
 Pilling is a common fabric defect occurring on knitted and woven fabrics.

In producing a yarn, long fibers tightly-twisted produce a serviceable yarn. When short
Stable fibers are mixed into the yarn the result is a yarn that will not hold together. The short
staple fibers will separate from the yarn and curl up in a ball.
.
13. Water Spots: Usually caused by wet fabric being allowed to remain too long before drying;
color migrates leaving blotchy spots.
14. Folding Defects
  Garment not Folded to Specifications 

  Garment not Folded with proper Materials: 
  Cardboard, tissue or other specified packaging materials omitted 
 Garments not Buttoned, Fly’s not 
15. Pressing Producing Shine on Fabric
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
Usually caused by excessive heat or incorrect type of pressing surface.
16. Askewer or Bias
Condition where filling yarns are not square with wrap yarns on woven fabrics or where
courses are not square with wale lines on knits.
17. Soil
Caused by oil, grease or dirt. Often times originating from a dirty work area or machinery
not properly cleaned

18. Cuts or Nicks
Caused by indifferent handling of scissors. Snips or mechanical trimmers. 

16. Seam Tears
Frequently caused by the turning equipment used to reverse garments in finishing.
.
19.Streaks :
Markings caused by some types of turn boards or defectively finished

Trimming.
20.Inadequate Pressing
Caused by excessive heat or pressure resulting in poor pleating, fullness or twisting of a 

Seam on garment surface.
21. Selvage Torn:
Usually caused by excessive tension while processing through tenter frames.
CHAPTER SIX: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
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6.1 General Description
The word “Research” is closely related wit giving a new technique as solution of a stands for the
physical appearance of any researched or planned agenda. For this reason the globe of
“Research & Development” is bas in the textile sector dept. of “Research & Development”
Specifically for an industry which is running with a complete industrial park. When an
industry can stand up with all the projects like spinning, yarn dyeing, weaving &
processing together in a region, then it is very much logical to construct a department like
R&D. Research & Development department mainly works for development, most of the
time. Very few times the works of research is being done whenever it is requisite. In the
big woven
Composite factories this department is not a fiction; R&D department means it beyond doubt.
This dept. has its own way to
Ensure the regular production of an industry. As a department it is diminutive but its

effect is prominent all over in an industry.
6.2 Research and Development fabrication

 Sampling order receiving from Merchandiser.
 Selection of yarn.
 Knitting parameters setting.
 Finishing parameters setting (Samples + Production).

 Samples inspection according to four point system.
 Testing of samples.
 Checking parameters at every stage (Knitting, Dyeing & Finishing).
6.3 Sample Order (SO)

Sample order consists of following:
 GSM of fabric
 Fabric quality
 Fabric composition
 Fabric testing standard
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 Customer remarks related to finishing
6.4 Flow chart of Research and Development
Sample Order
Decision of Parameter
Yarn demand generation
Yarn procurement
Dyeing
Finishing
Quality & testing
Dispatching
Figure 6.1: Flow chart of Research and Development
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CHAPTER SEVEN: QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
The Quality assurance department is assigned to maintain consistently uniform quality of the
material in process and various stages of its manufacturing.
7.1 Objectives of quality control
 Research or analysis.
 Selection of raw materials.
 Process control and development.
 Product testing.
 Specification test.
 Should be given economic requirements.
 Quality assurance and so on.
7.2 Quality management system
Q.C
On-Line Off-Line
7.2.1 Off-line Tests: All the Off-line tests for finished fabrics can be grouped as
follows-
7.2.1.1 Physical test
a. GSM
b. Spirality test
c. Shrinkage test
d. Pilling test
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7.2.1.2 Chemical test or Color fastness test
a. Fastness to perspiration.
b. Fastness to rubbing and crocking.
c. Fastness to wash.
d. Fastness to light.
7.2.2 On-Line Tests

7.2.2.1 for Pretreatment
H
- p test.
- Absorbency test.
- Fabric width measure.
- Whiteness test.
- Water quality test.
7.2.2.2 For Dyeing
- Shade matching check.
H
- p check.
- Wash fastness Check.
- GSM checking
7.3 Scope of quality control and testing: The scope of quality control testing in One
Composite Mills Ltd is good. The following machines are used for quality control in
laboratory:
Table 7.1: Specification of different testing machine
SL TYPE OF M/C BRAND ORIGIN NO OF

NO M/CS
1 Color Matching Cabinet Verivide UK 1 pcs
2 Bursting Strength Tester Tru Buster UK 1 pcs
3 Pilling and Snagging Tester Orbitor UK 1 pcs
4 Color Fastness to Perspiration Perspirometer UK 1 pcs
5 Color Fastness to Rubbing Test Crock Master UK 1 pcs
6 Spectrophotometer Data Color USA 1 pcs
7 Auto Lab Data Color USA 1 pcs
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8 Lab Dyeing Machine Ahiba-Eco USA 2 pcs
9 Color Fastness to Washing Test Gyro Wash UK 1 pcs
10 Programmable Automatic Washing Electrolux Wascator USA 1 pcs
Machine
11 Programmable Automatic Washing Whirlpool UK 1 pcs
Machine
12 Laboratory Tumble Dryer Accu Dry UK 1 pcs
13 Portable Digital Balance OHAUS USA 1 pcs
7.4 Machine for Quality Control & Testing

1. Spectrophotometer.
2. Data color –auto dispenser
3. IR dyer
4. Dryer
5. Lighting cabinet.
6. ICI snagging & pilling tester
7. Crock master
8. Gyro wash.
9. Washing machine
10. Perspiration tester
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CHAPTER EIGHT: STORE AND INVENTORY CONTROL
8.1 Inventory
Inventory control is a planned approach of determining what to order, when to order and
how much to order to stock so that costs associated with buying and storing are optimal
without interrupting production and sales.
Inventory Control reduces costly inventory errors, improves customer service, and will increase
the value of our business. Wasp are easy to use and implement without the cost or complexity of
larger inventory tracking systems.
Inventory control is concerned with minimizing the total cost of inventory. In the U.K.
the term often used is stock control. The three main factors in inventory control decision
making process are:
 The cost of holding the stock (e.g., based on the interest rate).
Ø
The cost of placing an order (e.g., for row material stocks) or the set-up cost of
production.
 The cost of shortage, i.e., what is lost if the stock is insufficient to meet all demand.
The third element is the most difficult to measure and is often handled by establishing a
"service level" policy, e. g, certain percentage of demand will be met from stock without
delay.
An inventory control system is a process for managing and locating objects or materials.
In common usage, the term may also refer to just the software components.
8.2 Objectives of Inventory Control

1. Financial objectives:
 Hence the goal to keep inventory cost within the limits of funds available.
2. Property protection objectives:

These are twofold objectives in terms of end results to be achieved namely-
 To safe an important asset again theft, preventable waste, ensures able
damage or unauthorized use.
 To make certain that the value of this 
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3. Operating objectives:
 To obtain the best overall balance between product & inventory carrying costs on one
Hand &customer service to the other. 
 To minimize losses from price declines. 
8.3 Functions of Inventory Control
Ø To develop policies, plans & standards to achieve inventory control objectives.

Ø To build up a logical & workable plan for doing the job satisfactory.
Ø To develop methods that will bring defined result economically.
Ø To provide necessary physical facilities.
Ø To maintain overall control by checking result & adopting corrective action.
8.4 Scope of Inventory Control
Ø Raw materials inventories

Ø In process inventories
Ø Finished goods inventories
Ø Maintenance, repair and operational inventories
Ø Miscellaneous inventories
8.5 Advantages of Inventory Control
A well planned and properly administered system of inventory control will give the
following benefits:
Ø Improvement of customer frictions.
Ø Improvement of labor and community relations.
Ø Increase in the effectiveness of key personnel’s
 Reduction in manufacturing cost.

8.6 Procedure for Inventory Control
When the goods from the supplies arrive at the factory gate. This form is filled up by the man at
the gate. This form is known as stores Receipt Voucher (S.R.V). Here mentions the goods
received date. Suppliers name, together with information regarding rejected or returnable goods.
Then the incoming materials go through the inspection the inspector will sign the S.R Voucher
or the authorize the store keeper to accept the goods. From the stores the S.R. Voucher will
move to the accounts section which will in due course of time match it with the suppliers
invoice before making any money payment.
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8.7 Control of Stores Issue
The material is issued from the stores against a particular numbers. On the basis of materials
requisition note duly signed by the authorized person, usually it is raised in triplicate. One copy
is retained in the authorized person from the stores to the central stock control department.
Where concerned persons will make necessary adjustment in their stock ledger & then to the
costing department. Sometimes surplus material from the production departments are
returned to stores under a note.
8.8 Perpetual Inventory Control
To control the physical location & movement of the inventory. We usually use the perpetual
inventory record. It usually shows the maximum & minimum limit of inventory receipts,
issues & balance on any given date & quality etc. One of the simplest types of perpetual
inventory control card is a bin card. It very easily facilitates the physical checking of the
stores.
8.9 Procurement System
 Mostly used dyes like , Reactive, Disperse, Remazol and Anita dyes and chemicals like
Sequestering agent, Anti creasing agent, Caustic, Stabilizer etc are imported from China,
Germany, Switzerland & India.
 Some dyes from Clariant and chemicals from BASF are collected by direct purchase through
indent. Crystal salt and Soda ash is purchase from local distributor. 
8.10 The Type of Inventory Carried In As Follows-
Ø Grey fabric : Own knitted or imported

Ø Dyes and chemicals : Local or Imported
Ø Spare parts : Local or Imported
Ø Packing materials : Local or Imported
Ø Finished fabrics : Good or Rejected
8.11 Inventory Store System For Raw Material: In Impress-Newtex composite Textile
Limited, there are different inventory systems for different raw materials.
8.12 Grey Fabric Store: All the grey fabrics are stored in the fabric store near the batch
section. Different types of fabric are listed in the sheet according to fabric types, quantity
and consumer’s requirement.
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8.13 Dyes and Chemicals Store: There is a different store for dyes and chemicals. Varies types
of dyes and chemicals are stored here according to dyes and chemicals companies. Different
types of dyes and chemicals are listed in a sheet. In the sheet the stored quantity of dyes and
chemicals are also included. Every day the sheet is updated and a copy of this sheet is supplied
to the dyeing manager, dye house and lab section.
8.14 Finished Goods Store: In Impress-Newtex composite Textile Limited supplies its finished
dyed fabrics to its garments section. So, dyed finished fabrics are stored for short time in the
finishing section. All the delivered fabrics are noted on the tally khata according to the lot no,
quantity, fabrics diameter, buyer's name, color & considering other technical parameters.
8.15 Spares part store: In Impress-Newtex composite Textile Limited required amount of
spares of different machines are stored in the mechanical store room. All the shares are listed in
a sheet which is controlled by the mechanical & maintenance personnel. Spares are arranged in
the store room according to their size, quantity & requirements. There are shelves in the store
room to keep the small spare parts.
8.16 Store capacity

Table 8.1: Store capacity
Items Amount
Dyes 5-6 tons
Chemicals 25-30 tons
Yarn storage 200 tons
Grey fabric 100 tons
Finished fabric 180 tons
8.17 Frequency of inventory control
§ Daily inventory control

§ Monthly inventory control
§ Yearly inventory control
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CHAPTER NINE: COST ANALYSIS
9.1 Costing of the Product

Costing system mainly describe how the cost of the final product is fixed by the
company or top managements. According to the buyer or customer requirements
of final garments, merchandiser give the consumption of the fabric with
specifications. Then it is calculated how much dyestuffs & chemicals are required
for processing. After that, the final cost is fixed including some profit. Then the
unit price is offered to the buyer for their approval.
9.2 Costing of a Product Includes
Ø Yarn cost
Ø Knitting cost
Ø Dyes & chemicals cost
Ø Cost of dyeing
Ø Cost of finishing
Ø Cost of cutting, sewing, accessories etc.
Ø Cost of printing (If any)
Ø Labor cost (direct & indirect)
Ø Factory cost
Ø Office & administrative cost
Ø Sales and caring cost
Ø Others cost
Ø Profit, etc.
9.3 Remarks
The costing of the product is most secret matter of the industry. They are not
interested to flash the cost related data. So we could not collect the price of
the product.
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CHAPTER TEN: MARKETING ACTIVITIES
10.1 Marketing
Impress-Newtex Composite Textiles Limited is 100% export oriented industry. All the goods
produced in this industry are exported into various foreign countries. Product label differs
from buyer to buyer. The product labels are prepared according to the fabric criteria & the
buyer requirements.
10.2 Marketing Activities

Marketing activities is mainly controlled and performed by the merchandiser. The activities
of merchandising are as follows:
  Initial Inquiry 
  Initial Research & Development 
  Costing 
  Cost Sheet Approval 
  Order Booking Status Management 
  Sampling Process 
  Information Handling & Forwarding 
 Buyer Performance Review 
10.3 List Of Buyer Of Impress-Newtex Composite Textile Limited
C&A Mackay‟s
H&M Carves
ZXY Meijer
Knights Apparel Wehmeyer
Carter Oshkosh Artman
Wallmart Neckerman
Rical Leiws Quelle
K-mart Shopko
BRU Primark
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10.4 Marketing Strategy
Marketing Strategy is a very important factors to sale the products to the buyer. If the marketing
strategy is not so developed, it will be very hard to reach the goal. In case of garments marketing
the dealings with the buyer is very important factor.
INTCL mainly senior marketing officers, merchandiser & higher officials deal with the buyer.
There are some fixed buyers of the industry .Where buyers give their orders continuously all
over the year. The marketing officers & the merchandisers communicate with the buying house
to collect the orders. By both side understanding the rate & the order Quantity are fixes.
10.5 A Well Define Marketing Strategy has the Following Characteristics
Good quality 

 Low price or competitive price 


Prompt service 

Good commitment 

Good business communication
10.6 Merchandising
Merchandising is a word that includes all the processes from buying all the materials required for
a garment, procedure for that garment and taking necessary steps for selling or shipment that
garment
10.7 Duties & Responsibilities of a Merchandiser

To co-operate with the buyers. 

Cost analysis. 

Sampling 

To take necessary steps to get approval of sample from the buyers. 
To direct in bulk production. 
 Flow-up the Production 

 To take necessary steps for shipment
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10.8 Merchandising Activities
Co-operation with buyer
Collection sample
Costing
Send to the buyer
If OK, then sample production (according to the buyer requirement)
Get approval
Preparatory production (OK)
Bulk production
Packaging
Shipment
Figure 10.1: Flow chart of merchandising activities
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10.19 Remarks
INCTL has a well learned marketing & merchandising team. They always communicate with the
buyers. INCTL has some fixed buyers. The marketing section also looks the quality & quantity
buyers.
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CHAPTER ELEVEN: MAINTENANCE
11.1 Maintenance
Maintenance is the process by which equipment is looked after in such a way that
trouble free. Services and increased machine life can be ensured and specific product
quality required by the customer is sustained. Maintenance can increased machine life
and ensured trouble free service. Impress-Newtex composite Textile Limited leads
maintenance with a troop of skilled mechanical fitters.
11.2 Maintenance of Machinery
In the knitting floor of Impress-Newtex composite Textile Limited all circular and flat
knitting m/c are maintained regularly and as necessity requirements. Here, different
type of maintenance of machinery, which is taken, different time on the machineries.
11.3 Objects of Maintenance
To keep the factory plants, equipment’s.

 To ensure specified accuracy to product and time schedule of delivery to customer.
To keep the production cycle within the stipulated range.
To achieve optimum production and optimum quality.
11.4 Types of Maintenance
There are three types of maintenance which is taken in Impress-Newtex composite

Textile Limited are as follows-
(1). Routine maintenance
(2). Unscheduled maintenance
(3). Scheduled maintenance
11.4.1 Routine Maintenance
Routine maintenance takes approximately 5-6 hrs. During routine maintenance:

-Production should be off.
-Clearing should be done.
-Setting should be checked & adjusted if should.
-Oiling should be doing.
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11.4.2 Unscheduled Maintenance
It takes one day but it depends on availability of machine parts.
-It is done suddenly
-During this maintenance production should be temporary off.
11.4.3 Scheduled Maintenance
-During this maintenance production should be temporary off.

-It takes half of a day.
11.4.4 Maintenance Procedure
 For there is any mechanical fault of machine which is responsible for production
hamper, operator informs mechanical fitters in duty. Mechanical fitters come and
observe the problem firstly, and then they begin to fix it.
If mechanical fitters be unable to fix it, then they inform technical in-charge, he then
comes in spot and fix it.
 For there is any electrical problem of machine or serious founding mechanical

problem, mechanical and electrical department are informed, they come and fix the
problem. They commence at work after informing of knitting manager. There are
two mechanical engineers in the department.
 For restorative maintenance, senior production officer orders mechanical fitters to fit
required machine for cam and needle arrangement and other necessary requirements
in case of new design development.
 During maintenance procedure following points should be checked
11.4.5 Maintenance: Mechanical

Table 11.1: Maintenance of dyeing machine
Machine: Dyeing Item need to be checked & Serviced

Machines Sl. No.
1 Grease the winch bearing.
2 Complete cleaning of machine.
3 Cleaning of drain valves, replace seals if required.
4 Check air supply filter, regulators, and auto drain seals.
5 Clean filters element and blow out.
6 Greasing of Unloading Roller Bearings.
Checking of oil level and bolts of Unloading Roller
7 Gearbox.
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8 Checking of unloading roller coupling and packing.
9 Checking and cleaning (if required) of Mm Vessel Level
Indicator.
10 Check the oil level of pump bearing and refill if required.
11 Check the function of heat and cool modulating valves.
12 Check all belts and belt tension.
13 Check all door seals.
Table 11.2: Maintenance of Lab dyeing machine
Machine: Lab
Item need to be checked & Serviced.
Dyeing m/c. Sl.
No
1 Check rotating main shaft bearing.
2 Check cooling water inlet and outlet nose and nose clips.
3 Check cooling fans.
4 Check driving bells and pulleys.

Table 11.3: Maintenance of Stenter Machine
Machine: Item needed to be checked & Serviced
Stenter Machine
Sl. No
1. Removal of gas burnt deposits from chains.

2. Checking of gas burners.
3. Cleaning of softener application unit.
5. Checking and cleaning of steam pipe lines.
4. Checking and cleaning of gas pipe lines.
5. Grinding of fabric gripping pins.
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6. Cleaning of ventilation duct.
7. Cleaning of m/c cabinet.
8. Checking of motors.
11.4.8 Maintenance: Mechanical Machine:
Dewatering Machine:
Table.11.4. Maintenance of Dewatering Machine
SL. No. Item needed to be checked & Service

1. Cleaning of softener application unit.
2. Checking of rotating device of rotating trolley unit.
3. Checking of pneumatic pressure valves.
4. Checking and replacement (if necessary) of rubber pads
of stretching unit.
5. Checking of plaiting device.
6. Checking of speed regulating unit.
Maintenance: Mechanical
Table 11.5: Maintenance of Dryer Machine
Machine: Item needed to be checked & Serviced

Dryer Sl. No.
1. Checking of gas pipe lines.
2. Checking of gas burners.
3. Checking of belt conveyor system.
6. Cleaning of ventilation duct.
7. Cleaning of m/c cabinet.
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Table11.6.Maintenance of Compactor Machine
Machine:
Compactor Item needed to be checked & Serviced
Machine Sl.
No.
1. Checking of Steam pipe lines.
2. Checking of pneumatic pressure valves.
3. Checking of belt conveyor system.
6. Checking and replacement (if necessary) of compacting shoe.
7. Cleaning of compacting shoe.
Table 11.7: Maintenance of Boiler
Machine:
Boiler Item needed to be checked & Serviced

Sl. No.
1. Checking of gas pressure and gas supply line.
2. Dosing of softening chemicals to supply water.
3. Checking of all steam lines.
4. Cleaning of burner tank (after six month interval).
5. Checking and replacement of valves.
6. Cleaning of feed water tank.
7. Checking and replacement of filters.
8. Cleaning of sight glass.
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Table 11.8: Maintenance Schedule of a dyeing m/c
SL. Item needed to be checked & Serviced Schedule

No.
1 Check belt tension Daily
2 Check steam or water system & air supply Daily
3 Check chemical pump Daily
4 Machine clean Daily
5 Bearing & belt check Weekly
6 Check leakage of air, steam &Water line Weekly
7 Greasing bearing point Weekly
8 Greasing bearing points Monthly
9 Replace bearing points (if required) Monthly
10 Gasket check Monthly
11 Clean steam trap Monthly
12 Lubricating all chemical pump Monthly
13 Replace belts Quarterly
14 Repairing of pulley, shaft & bearing housing Quarterly
15 Clean steam trap Quarterly
16 Replace seals (if leakage) Quarterly
17 Replace belts Half yearly
18 Repairing pulley, shaft & bearing housing Half yearly
Machine body repairing
19 Machine overhauling Yearly
11.4.8 Maintenance Tools/Equipment’s & Their Function
Table 11.9 Maintenance Tools/Equipment’s & Their Function
Maintenance Functions
tools/equipment’s
1. Adjustable Used for setting nut & bolts
wrench
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2. Pipe Spanner For pipe fitting
3. Spanner Fixed Spanner for nut & bolts fitting
4. Socket Handle system for nut & bolt fitting
5. hammer To apply load where required
6. Screw driver To release any screw
7. Punch Used to fit any worn out shaft
8. Lock To open the clip of bearing
9. Hack saw To cut any metallic thing
10. Outside To measure outside dia
11. Inside To measure inside dia
12. Slide calii To measure very small dia
13. Vernier scale To measure very small dia
14. Chain ton To lift heavy load
15. Welding To join metallic
machine
16. Grinding To make the smooth fabrics
machine
17. Tester To test electric circuit
18. Pliers To grip anything & cut anything
19. To measure voltage
Avometer/Voltmeter
20. Steel To measure length, width & height
21. Chisel To cut any metal
22. Gasket cutter For gasket cutting
23. File To smooth the rough surface
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11.5 Image of some tools used in Impress-Newtex Composite Textile Limited
Figure 11.1: Adjustable wrench
Figure 11.2: Double head spanner
Figure 11.3: Single head spanner
Figure 11.4: T- type L key
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Figure 11.5: T- type L key
Figure 11.6: I type key
Figure 11.7: Allen key
Figure 11.8: Pinsetter
Figure 11.9: Flat screw driver
Figure 11.10: Hammer
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Figure 11.11: Multi Pliers
Figure 11.12: cutting pliers
Figure 11.12: Long nose pliers
Figure 11.13: grinding device
11.6 Maintenance work to the different machines

Daily
a) Check belt tension
b) Check steam or water system & air supply
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c) Check chemical pump
d) Machine clean
Weekly
a) Bearing & belt check
b) Check leakage of air, steam &Water line
c) Greasing bearing point
Monthly
a) Greasing bearing points
b) Replace bearing points (if required)
c) Gasket check
d) Clean steam trap
e) Lubricating all chemical pump
Quarterly
a) Replace belts
b) Repairing of pulley, shaft & bearing housing
c) Clean steam trap
d) Replace seals (if leakage)
Half yearly
a) Replace belts
b) Repairing pulley, shaft & bearing housing Machine body repairing
Yearly:
a) Machine overhauling
11.7 Manpower Set-Up for Maintenance:
  A Shift 6AM - 2 PM 
  B Shift 2 PM - 10 PM 
  C Shift 10PM - 6AM 
 General Shift 9AM - 6 PM 
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Maintenance Manager
Electrical Mechanical Utility
Engineer-01 Engineer-01 Engineer-02

Fitter & Welder- Electrician-81 Operator-17
10
Operator-03 Armature Winder-09 Helper-12
Helper-05 Helper-09 Labor & Peon- 09
11.10 Remarks
The maintenance department of Impress-Newtex Composite Textile Limited is well

equipped. It has sufficient maintenance manpower including mechanical and electrical
engineers. They do the maintenance of the machines during the Eid vacation. Otherwise,
they do the breakdown maintenance. To increase the lifetime of the machineries and ensure
the proper running of the machinery.
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CHAPTER TWELVE: UTILITY SERVICES
12.1 Utility Service:

Production and profit are closely related. In order to get quality final product it needs fresh raw
materials as well as effective manpower and machinery in good condition. Utility in
Conjugation with the three M‟s plays an important role the profit. Impress-Newtex composite Textile
Limited is a big project. So, it required adequate utility services without the fac available-
  Power supply 
  Electricity 
  Water supply, Hot water supply 
  Steam supply 
  Compressed air 
  Exhaust air handling 
  Fuel & gas supply 
  Workshop facility 
 Civil work 
12.2 Power Supply:
Impress-Newtex composite Textile Limited has two generators (one is
gas generator and other is diesel generator) for power supply to ensure continuous dyeing &
Knitting operation and help to fulfill their target production. Source of power used for
Garments is-PDB and power capacity is 750 KVA.
12.3 Specification of gas generator:
Types : Gas generator
Company : Cummins power generator.
Model : 315 GFBA
Country of origin : England
Rated : 315kW
Frequency : 50Hz
Fly Wheel RPM : 1500
Year of construction : 2002
Power factor : 0.8
Voltage : 400
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Rated current : 568 Amp
Control system : PCCP
Site altitude before derate : 800 MASL
Site ambient temp before derate : 400c
12.4 Specification of diesel generator:

Types
: Diesel generator
Company
: Caterpillar
Model
: SR4B/SR4
Country of origin
: USA
Rated
: 484 kW
Frequency
: 50Hz
Fly Wheel RPM : 1500
Voltage : 400
Rated current : 723 Amp
Maximum temp : 1050c by resistance
12.5 COMPRESSED AIR

Compressed air is produced by air compressor. There are two air compressors in Impress-
Newtex composite Textile Limited.
12.5 Specification of compressor
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Table 12.1 Specification of compressor
Technical Detail Compressed air 1 Compressed air 2

Types Atlas Copeo Atlas Copeo
Manufacturer Atlas Copeo Airpower Atlas Copeo Airpower
Model GA 30 GA 30
Country of origin Belgium Belgium
Year of construction 2002 2004
Maximum working 10 bar 10 bar
pressure
Free air delivery 78 liter/sec 145 liter/sec
Nominal shaft power 30 kW 55 kW
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12.6 Rotational shaft power 3000 RPM 3000 RPM
Gross weight 995 Kg 1550 Kg
STEAM :Steam is produced by boiler. From the water treatment plant, water is stored in the reserve tank
and from there water goes to boiler & steam is produced.
Feed water tank
Boiler
Gas Burner Blower
Steam
Factory House
Figure 12.1 Steam Genaration
Figure 12.2 Boiler
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12.7 Specification of boiler
Type : Fire tube boiler
Company : Omnical Borsig Energy
Model : DDHI 60-10
Country of origin : Germany
Thermal capacity : 3.9 MW
Maximum steam out : 6 ton/hour
Maximum working pressure : 10 bar
Net weight : 10940 Kg
12.8 GAS: The source of gas is TITAS GAS LTD. The gas is supplied to gas generator and
boiler from the main line of the TITAS GAS LTD.
12.9 WATER SUPPLY: There are two deep tubes well for supplying water in the factory.
This unit collects water from the underground and here for hardness testing common test i.e.
shop test is followed. For dyeing section 05 ppm is maintain. This collecting water is
reserve in reserve tank and then supply
Everywhere in the factory. On the other hand, there is water treatment plant use to oxidize
water before supply. There are two water conditioners in this factory.
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CHAPTER
12.10 Source Of Utility:
- Electricity : PDB & Generator THIRTEEN:
- Steam : Boiler EFFLUENT
- Water : Pump
TREATMENT
- Compressed air : Compressor
- Gas : TITAS GAS LTD
AND DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
13.1 Effluent
Effluent is the stream of excess liquor that may contain oils, waxes, chemical constituents, dyes,
pigments etc. from different stages of production process and hampers the normal criteria of
water and affects the environment rigorously. So Effluent treatment plant is must for processing
the extracted liquor to make the water environment friendly. ETP is a plant in which industrial
raw effluent are inlet in plant then the effluent has maintain standard parameter in different stage
then the treated effluent in discharges.
13.2 Sources of effluent in Impress Newtex
1. Pretreatment process
2. Dyeing process
3. Washing off process
13.3 Parameters that are taken into consideration by this factory during
effluent processing are as follows-
1. PH
2. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
3. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
4. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
5. Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
6. Dissolve Oxygen (DO)
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7. Color
8. Odor
9. Temperature
13.4 Capacity of effluent treatment plant of Impress Newtex
The ETP capacity of Impress Newtex. Is Capacity: 40m3/ hr.

Cost: Tk. 2.5 / m
Effluent treatment plant of Impress-Newtex composite Textile Limited is based on
Combined method, i.e. biological and physicochemical treatment is accomplished
Together. This plant can treat 350 cubic meter of raw effluent per hour. The raw
characteristics of this plant is described below-
13.5 Basic characteristics of raw effluent
Table 13.1: Basic characteristics of raw
Effluent CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SL. PARAMETERS UNIT AMOUNT
NO
1. pH N/A 11.8
2. Suspended solids mg/L 378.8
3. Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD) mg/L 416
4. Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) mg/L 850
PHYSICAL
CHARECTERISTICS
SL. PARAMETERS UNIT AMOUNT

NO
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1. Color PCU Brown to black
2. Odor No Not distinct
3. Temperature °C 40
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13.6 Schematic diagram of ETP
Figure 13.1: Schematic diagram of ETP
13.7 Different types of treatment plants

 Physiochemical
 Biological
 Physicochemical followed by biological
 SBR ( Sequence Batch Reactor)
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13.8 Impress Newtex follow –Biological treatment plants
Process flow chart
Screening
Equalization of tanktank
Primary clarifier
Aeration chamber
Secondary clarifier
SSludge management
Sand and activated

Carbon filter
Carbon filter
Figure 13.2: Process flow chart of Effluent Treatment Plant
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13.8 Procedure
13.8.1 Screening unit:
Firstly liquid waste is passed through the screening unit. The screening arrangement used here
is divided into two groups such as- a) Coarse screen & b) Fine screen.
Coarse screen protects comparatively large particles such as poly bags, bottles, clothes & yarn
etc.
13.8.2 Equalization Unit:

In this unit hot liquid waste is kept to cool & homogeneous solid portion by air mixing. All the
effluents are collected in equalization tank by gravity flow. A set of pump is installed in this tank
with level sensor for pumping the liquor to second equalization unit. The bottom of the second
equalization tank is mounted with air blower to cool, equalize and neutralize the effluent.
Figure 13.3: Equalization Tank

13.8.3 Primary Clarifier:
When the coagulated particles along with the water come in this unit, the solid particles are
being settled down for first time due to gravitational force as the water gets here the stationary
flow. Sludge is collected from the bottom of the conical shaped vertical primary clarifier
01.Tube pack is used to settle the sludge. The over flow water then goes to the aeration tank-1
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13.8.4 Aeration Units:
The ETP of this factory uses three aeration tanks, first two of them for COD reducing and last
one for BOD. In the last aeration tank Molasses is used instead of Cowden to increase the
number of bacteria and air blow is kept continue to maintain the water temperature below
50C.In aeration unit organic waste is introduced into a reactor where the bacteria culture carries
out the conversion of organic matter to CO2, H2O and other products as typical reaction shown
below-
(Organic matter + O2 + nutrients + Biodegradable CO2 + H2O + other end products)
It should be noted that urea, di ammonium phosphate (DAP) and are generally used as nutrients
in aeration tank.
In this chamber DO, BOD, odors and others parameter has controlled.
Figure 13.4: Aeration chamber (for biological treatment)
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138 | P a g e
13.8.5 Secondary Clarifier:
After biological treatment the liquid waste is passed to the secondary clarifier. In secondary
clarifier the effluent are separated both liquid & sludge. This sludge has given through to
aeration tank by pumping system.
Figure 13.5: Secondary clarifier

13.8.6. ASP (Activated Sludge Process):
In which secondary clarifier settling sludge return in aeration chamber for biological bacteria
culture
13.8.7. Sludge Bed:

From the bottom of clarifier-01 and clarifier-02 sludge is collected from the storage tank by
pipeline which is operated manually. Water mixed sludge is transferred into centrifuge unit
where the excess water from sludge is removed. To improve the thickening of sludge 0.4ppm of
cationic polymer is added for de-watering. The de-watered water is again returns inside the
equalization tank. Finally the sludge is collected as cake of weight 200 kg/pcs. This sludge can
be recycled to agriculture directly.
139 | P a g e
Figure 13.6: Sludge Bed Filter
After discharge the effluent passed through the filter for Color, TSS & other solid partial
Remove as possible.
 Secondary treatment means the removal of the bio degradable organic maters and suspended solids
in presence of nutrients.
Ø
Tertiary treatment residual suspended solids are removed which remain after biological treatment
13.9 Required Chemical for Biological ETP
1. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4):
98% H2S04 is used in neutralization tank. Function:

Neutralize the waste water controlling the PH.
2. Alum [ Al2 (SO4)3.24 H2O ] :

Alum solutions are acidic. For instance, a 1% solution has a pH of around 3.
Function:
Ø
It reduces the alkalinity of water as it is acidic in nature.
Ø
Alum forms a precipitated solid Al (OH)3, when it comes into contact with water. It
Is a white, gelatinous sticky material that easily traps particles in the water?
Ø
It not only settles certain hazardous chemicals and suspended solids but also
Bacteria.
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3.Polymer
Function:
It increases the size of coagulated particles and accelerates the rate of sedimentation.
Reduce suspended solids and organic loads.
Used for sedimentation / sludge coagulation and also killing bacteria.
4. De-colorant
MEGA PLUS is a quaternary cationic Polymer which is used for color removal for
textile, dyeing industries and light color liquid from other industries.
Function:
De-coloring agent, COD decreasing.
Mainly used for color removal for dense color waste water from dyestuffs plants,
Suitable to treat waste water with activated, acidic and disperse dyestuffs.
Can also be used to treat waste water from textile industry and dye houses.
5. Antifoaming Agent
Anti-foam 39A is used as anti-foaming agent.
Function:
Ø
Used for reduction / controlling foam. It is used auto / manually in the distribution
Tank.
6. Urea and Molasses
Function:
Ø Molasses is used for bacterial growth in water to remove the solid particles in order to
Ø Reduce BOD, COD and DO.
Ø Molasses is used to keep the bacteria alive.
7. Sodium Hypochlorite
Function:
Ø It is used to kill the harmful bacteria. It is used in the biological oxidation tank.
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13.10 Bangladesh Standard Parameter of DOE (Department Of
Environment)
Name of parameter Range

PH 6-9
BOD 50 mg/L
COD 200 mg/L
Suspended solid 150 mg/L
TDS 2100 mg/l
DO 4.5-8 ppm
PH 7-8
BOD 30 mg/L
COD 160 mg/L
Suspended solid 30 mg/L
TDS <2100
DO 4.5 ppm
Table.13.2 Bangladesh standard parameter of DOE (Department of Environment)
13.11 Remarks
The waste water produced in the different processes of Impress Newtex Composite Textile
Ltd. Is disposed to environment making it completely free from hazardous components by
using the ETP. Furthermore, they obey all the rules of DOE (Department of Environment).
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN: CONCLUSION
We have completed our industrial attachment successfully by the grace of Almighty Allah .
Industrial training is an important and essential part of education as through this training we learn
all the implementations of the processes which we have studied theoretically. It gives us an
opportunity to compare the theoretical knowledge with practical facts and thus develop our
knowledge and skills. This industrial training also gives us an opportunity to enlarge our
knowledge of textile administration, production planning, procurement system, production
process, and machineries and teach us to adjust with the industrial life.
Industrial attachment sends us to the expected destiny of practical life. The completion of the two
months Industrial Attachment at Impress-Newtex composite Textile Limited, we have got the
impression that the factory is one of the most modern export oriented knit composite in
Bangladesh .Though it was established only a few years ago ,it has earned " very good reputations
"for its best performance over many other export oriented textile mills . During our training
period, talking with the clients of this mill we knew that the mill is fulfilling the country’s white
finished fabric best as well as exports very good oriented colored fabric due to its modern
machinery & good management system.
Mill is settled with utility to give all convenient supports to the productions for twenty-four hours.
It had self-power generator system to satisfy total power consumptions of the mill. We are enough
fortunate that we have got an opportunity of having a training in this mill. During the training
period we are received co-operation and association from the authority full & found all man,
machines & materials on appreciable working condition. All stuffs & officers were very sincere &
devoted their duties to achieve their goal.
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APENDIX:
We attempted our best to assemble all essential data however the reality of the matter is that inside
of this brief period it is very difficult to make 100% progress. But as a whole this industrial
training was a satisfactory one and once again would like to thank the authority of Impress-
Newtex Composite Textile Limited. As well as our honorable teachers far their altruistic help and
advice. We are fortunate enough that we have got an opportunity to have training in this mill.
Amid the preparation period we have gotten enough co-operation and relationship from the power
and discovered all work forces. All stuffs and officers were extremely true and dedicated their
obligations to accomplish their objective.
144 | P a g e

Chapter One: Introduction: 1.1 General Discussion

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Discussion

 To expose students to engineering experience and knowledge. Industry is important,

1.3 Executive Summary

Total Area : 10 acres (approximately)

Figure 2.1: Monogram of the factory

Figure.2.2: Certification and Awards

Knitting: 17 tons/day (average)

Dyeing: 23 tons/day (average)

Finishing: 13-15 tons/day (average)

Sewing: 3000 piece/day (average)

2.4 Vision of the Company

Figure 2.3: Location of Impress –Newtex Composite Textiles Limited

Figure 2.4: Layout of Impress –Newtex Composite Textiles Limited

Figure 2.5: Top management of the INCTL

2.11.2 General Managerial department of the INCTL

Figure 2.6: General Managerial Department of the INCTL

2.12.1 Production Oriented Department

3.2 Types of Raw Material

3.3 Raw Materials for Knitting

Table 3.1: Knitting raw materials

3.5 Chemicals Used In INCTL

Table 3.2: List of dyeing chemicals

Chemicals name Supplier Origin

Jinterge SCF-105 Jintex Corporation Taiwan

Kappazon K 75 Kapp-Chemie Gmbh & Co Germany

Table 3.3: List of dyestuff

Levafix Brill Yellow Dystar Germany

Remazol Blue RR Dystar Germany

Reactobond Red 3RR Meghmani dyes & India

Table 3.4 Garments raw materials

4.1 Knitting Section

4.1.1 Impress-Newtex Composite Textiles Limited Knitting Section

04 SANTEC 20 34 108 Interlock Taiwan

07 SANTEC 24 36 112 Interlock Taiwan

08 SANTEC 24 36 112 Interlock Taiwan

09 SANTEC 24 23 69 Interlock Taiwan

10 SANTEC 24 23 69 Interlock Taiwan

11 SANTEC 24 19 57 Interlock Taiwan

Table 4.2: Circular Knitting machine of FUKUHARA

08 FUKUHARA 24 34 102 S/J Japan

09 FUKUHARA 24 34 102 S/J Japan

10 FUKUHARA 24 34 102 S/J Japan

11 FUKUHARA 24 36 112 S/J Japan

14 FUKUHARA 16 30 96 S/J Japan

15 FUKUHARA 18 33 96 Engg.Stripe Japan

16 FUKUHARA 18 36 96 Engg.Stripe Japan

Table 4.3 circular knitting machine of GOANG LIH

Table 4.4: circular knitting machine of JIUNN LONG

4.1.2 Fukuhara Circular knitting machine

Figure 4.2: Fukuhara Circular knitting machine

Table 4.2: Specification of cloth inspection machine

Brand Name UZU

Manufacturing date 2003

Power Supply 220 V

Manufacturer AATPR Industry Co. Ltd

Figure 4.3: Cloth inspection machine

4.2 Machines in Batch Section

Layout of Turning Machine

Figure: 4 .4 (a): Layout of turning machine

4.3 LAB SECTION

4.3.1 Wet Lab

4.3.1.1 Sample Dyeing Machine