Mechanics- defined as the science which describes and predicts the conditions of rest or

motion of bodies under the action of force

Rigid Body- dedinite amount of water, the parts of which are fixed in position relative to one
another

Mass- invariant property of a body which which measures its resistance to a change of motion

Force- action inserted by one body upon another

2 Divisions of Force System

Coplanar Force System- line of action are on the same plane.

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Non-Coplanar Force System

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Characteristics of a Force
1. It has a MAGNITUDE (200 N, 5 kN, 400 lb, 8 kip)

1N=1kg•m/s²
1lb=1slugft/s²
1kip=1000lb
2. It has the POSITION OF ITS LINE OF ACTION (horizontal, diagonal)
3. It has a DIRECTION (rightward, upward, downward to the left, etc.)

Types of Force
1. Concentrated

2. Uniformly Distributed

P = 17 kN/m (6 m) = 102 kN

3. Uniformly Varying (Triangular Load)

P = 1/2 (25 lb/ft) (12 ft) = 150 lb

*force was put 1/3 of the length
Example:

Trapezoidal Load
1.

P₁ = 14 kN/m (15 m) = 210 kN

P₂ = 1/2 (56 - 14) kN/m (15 m) = 315 kN

2.
P₁ = 78 N/m (9m) = 702 N
P₂ = 1/2 (315 - 78) N/m (9m) = 1066.5 N
P₃ = 1/2 (315 N/m) (5m) = 787.5 N

Centroid of a Triangle
COMPONENENTS OF A FORCE (ALONDE)

Transmissibility of a Force
The point of applocation of a force can be ransfered along its line of action without affecting
other external forces

Resultant of Concurrent Coplanar Forces

Two or more concurrent coplanar forces can be replaced by a single force with the same effect
as those of concurrent forces. The single force is called Resultant Force. In symbol,
R² = (ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)² ------ R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²
where:
R = Resultant Force (N, kN, lb, kip)
ΣFx = Summation of forces along horizontal axis
ΣFy = Summation of forces along vertical axis

Problem 1. Determine the magnitude and location of the resultant force for the concurrent
force system shown in the figure.
Req'd: R, θ

ΣFx = Ax - Bx + Cx + Dx + Ex - Fx
= 0 kN - 18cos30° kN + 20 kN + 16 kN (2/√53) + 9 kN (4/8) -22sin65° kN
= -6.03 kN

ΣFy = Ay - By + Cy - Dy + Ey + Fy
= 24 kN - 18sin30° kN + 0 kN - 16 kN (7/√53) + 9 kN (√48/8) + 22cos65° kN
= 16.71 kN

R = √(ΣFx)² + (ΣFy)²
= √(-6.03 kN)² + (16.71 kN)²
= 17.98 kN
tan θ = ΣFx
 ΣFy
θ = tan⁻¹ 16.71 kN
6.03 kN
θ = 68.36°

Problem 2. The force system shown in the figure has a resultant of 215 N pointing upwards
alonh thr y-axis. Determine the values of F and θ to give the resultant.

Req'd: F, θ

ΣFx = Rx; Fcosθ - 250cos30° N - 500 N = 0

 Fcosθ = 293.49 N eq. 1

ΣFy = Ry; Fsinθ - 250sin30° N = 215 N

Fsinθ = 340 N eq. 2

Equate eq. 1 and eq. 2:

Fsinθ = 340 N
Fcosθ 293.49 N

sinθ = 340 N
cosθ 293.49 N

tanθ = 340 N
293.49 N

θ = tan⁻¹ 340 N
293.49 N

θ = 49.20°

Substitute the θ to eq. 1:

Fcosθ = 293.49 N
Fcos49.20° = 293.49 N
F = 293.49 N
cos49.20°
F = 449.14 N

Problem 3. From the bracket shown in the figure loade with three forces. Determinenthe values of F₁
and θ so that the resultant force is directed to the positive x-axis and has a magnitude of 800 N.
Req'd: F₁, θ

ΣFy = Ry; F₁sinθ- 100 N = 800sin30° N

F₁sinθ = 400 N + 100 N
F₁sinθ = 500 N eq.1

ΣFx=Rx;F₁cosθ + 350 N = 800cos30° N

F₁cosθ= 692.82 N - 350 N
F₁cosθ = 342.82 N eq. 2

Equate eq. 1 and eq. 2:

F₁sinθ=500 N
F₁cosθ342.82N

sinθ=500 N
cosθ342.82N

tanθ =500 N
342.82N

θ=tan⁻¹500N
342.82 N

θ=55.56°

Substitutetheθtoeq.1:
F₁sinθ= 500 N
F₁sin55.56°= 500 N
F₁ =500 N
sin55.56°
F₁ =606.27 N

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MOMENT OF INERTIA
(area moment of inertia)
also called as second moment of area

Moment of Inertia of Regular Shape Areas:

1. Rectangle
pic*

Ixc = bh³/12
Ix = bh³/3

Iyx = hb³/12
Iy = hb³/3

2. Circle
pic*

Ixc = Iyc = πr^4/4

3. Triangle
pic*

Ixc = bh³/36
Ix = bh³/12

Iyc = hb³/36
Iy = hb/12

4. Semi - Circle
pic*

Ixc = 0.11r^4
Ix = Iyc = πr^4/8

5. Quarter of a Circle
pic*

Ixc = Iyc = 0.55r^4

Ix = Iy = πr^4/16

For composite areas, use the Transfer Formula

(parallel axea theory)

Ix = Ixc + Ad²
Iy = Iyc + Ad²

where:
Ix = moment of inertia taken about any axis (mm^4, in^4)
Ixc = moment of inertia about centroidal axis (mm^4,in^4)
A = area (mm²,in²)
d = distance from the centroid to the axis where moment of inertia is to be taken (mm, in)

Problem. For the composite area shown, calculate the moment of inertia about x, x1, y, and y1 axes
pic*

Req'd: Ix, Ix1, Iy, Iy1

Solution:
A1 = 205 (125) = 256.25 mm²
A2 = 1/2 (50)(55) = 1375 mm²
A3 = 125 (30) = 3750 mm²
A4 = π(60)²/4 = 1827.43 mm²

Ix = I1 - I2 - I3 - I4
I1 = 205(125)³/3 = 133.46x10^6 mm^4
I2 = 205(125)³/36 + A2 (70 + 2/3 x 55)² = 15.88x10^6 mm^4
I3 = 125(30)³/ 3 = 1.125x10^6 mm^4
I4 = 0.055(60)^4 + A4 [125 + 4(60)/3π]² = 28(??)72x10^6 mm^4 ------di ko magets sulat hahha
Ix = 87.735x10^6 mm^4

Ix1 = I1-I2-I3-I4
I1 = 205(173)³/12 + A1 [(125/2) - 30]² = 60.43x10^6mm^4 ----- di k orin magets sulat niya ahahha
I2 = 50(55)³/36 + A2 [125 - (1/3)(55) - 30]² = 8.31x10^6mm^4
I3 = 125(30)³/3 = 1.125 x10^6mm^4
I4 = 0.055(60)^4+A4[125- 30 -4(60)/3π]² = 14.38x10^6mm^4
Ix1 = 36.62 x10^6mm^4

Ix2 =I1-I2-I3-I4
I1= 205(125)³/3 = 133.46x10^6mm^4
I2= 50(55)³/12 = 0.693x10^6mm^4
I3= 125(30)³/12 + A3 (125 - 30/2)² = 45.656 x10^6mm^4
I4= π(60)^4/16 = 2.545x10^6mm^4
Ix2 = 84.566x10^6mm^4

Iy =I1-I2-I3-I4
I1 = 125(205)³/3 = 358.96x10^6mm^4
I2 = 55(50)³/12 = 0.57x10^6mm^4
I3 = 30(125)³/12 + A3 (30???? + 125/2)² = 81.03 x10^6mm^4
I4 = 0.055(60)^4+A4[205-4(60)/3π]² = 91.85x10^6mm^4
Iy = 185.51x10^6mm^4

Iy1 =I1-I2-I3-I4
I1= 125(205)³/12 + A1 (145 - 205/2)² = 133.425x10^6mm^4
I2= 55(50)³/36 + A2 [(2/3)50 + 95???]² = 22.836x10^6mm^4
I3= 30(125)³/12 + A3 [(125/2) - 60]² = 4.906 x10^6mm^4
I4=0.055(60)^4+A4[60-4(60)/3π]² = 4.085x10^6mm^4
Iy1 = 101.598x10^6mm^4

Iy2 =I1-I2-I3-I4
I1= 125(205)³/3 = 358.964x10^6mm^4
I2= 55(50)³/36 + A2 [155 + (2/3)(50)]² = 48.961x10^6mm^4
I3= 30(125)³/3 = 24.300x10^6mm^4
I4= π(60)^4/16 = 25.447x10^6mm^4
Iy2 = 210.256x10^6mm^4

Problem. For the composite area shown, calculate the centroidaloment of inertia (Ixc, Iyc)
pic*

Req'd: Ixc, Iyc

Solution:
A = A1 - A2 - A3 - A4
A1 = 10.5(14) = 147 in²
A2 = π(3)²/2 = 14.14 in²
A3 = π(2)²/2 = 6.28 in²
A4 = 1/2 (4.5)(8.5) = 19.125 in2
A = 107.46 in²

imaa stop na here huhuhu

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