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,MSMGL ;FD[ AUNFNDF\ S,FD SZX[ VG[ T[GL SZFDTG[ BF; TYF VFD ,MSM VM/BX[P T[ 5MTFGF
;DIGM S]T]A CX[4 VG[ SC[X[ S[4 DFZM VF S³ND TDFD VJl,IF V<,FCGL UZNG 5Z
K[ VG[ VJl,IFV[ lSZFD 5MT 5MTFGL UZNGM T[GF DF8[ ZFBL N[X[P VG[ Ô[ C]\ V[GF HDFGFDF\
CMT TM DFZF DFYFG[ T[GF DF8[ ZFBL N[TP V[ T[ Xb; CX[ S[ H[ Xb; T[GL SZFDTG]\ ;DY"G SZX[
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lhIFp¡LG VA], AS³FV ;F,[C .aG[ XIB ;F,[C lAG X IB VA} .:CFS .A|FCLD lAG VCDN
lAG .A|FCLD lAG G;Z lAG S]Z{X V<VZJLI], V:, BFZTL DJ,N NlDxSL DSFG SFlCZFGF
ZC[JF;LV[ tIF\ .P;P &&!DF\ Sæ]\PPPP VF 5|DF6[ ;GNMGF ÊD ;FY[ K[J8[PPPSæ]\4 BAZ VF5L VDG[
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lAG D]Â:,D J AF; GL 5F;[ AUNFNDF\ lCP;P 5_#DF\ CTM VG[ XIB VaN],S³FlNZ V[
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;F,[C GhZGL D],FSFTGM T[DGF N;"GF DNZ;F AFA[ VhŸHDF\ .ZFNM SIM"P D[\ T[DGL 5F;[ V[S HDFVT
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TM T[6[ Sæ]\ S[ D[\ VA} ASZ VaN]Z"hŸhFS³ TYF DFZF SFSFVM VA} VaN]Z"CDFG VaN]<,FC4 VA}
VaN]<,FC VaN], JCCFA4 VA} .:CFS³ .A|FCLD VF{,FN[ XIB VaN],S³FlNZ YL lJlJW
;DIMDF\ ;F\E?I]\ CT]\P T[ ;F{ SC[TF CTF S[ VD[ T[ DHl,;DF\ CFHZ CTF H[DF\ VDFZF JFl,N
V[ VF Sæ]\ CT]\ S[ DFZM VF S³ND NZ[S J,LGL UZNG 5Z K[P VG[ V[DF\ ,UEU
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NLWL CTLP VG[ .aG[ CLTL V[ T[DGM S³ND 5MTFGL UZNG 5Z ZFBL ,LWM CTMP 5KL VDG[ T[
XC[ZMGF lJlJW DXF.BYL H[VM T[ ;DI[ CFHZ CTF V[ BAZ 5CM\RL K[ S[ lJGF X\SFV[ T[D6[ 5MTFGL
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0 UF{Ø5FS GF VF SYGG[ SxOYL Ô6L ,[GFZF VJl,IF 0
ccA[CHT], V:ZFZ XZLOccDF\ ;GNMGL lZJFITGF ,F\AF ÊD AFN K[ S[PPP VD[ ;{IN XZLO XIB
5[XJF VA} ;VN S³{,JL YL S³{,lJIFDF\ ;F\E?I]\P T[ SC[TF CTF o ßIFZ[ S[ XIB VaN],
S³FlNZ V[ Sæ]\4 ccDFZM S³ND TDFD J,L V<,FCGL UZNG 5Z K[cc TM V<,FC
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3[ZL ,LW] CT]\P HDLG 5Z SM. V[JM J,L V<,FC G ZæM CTM S[ H[6[ UZNG G h]SFJL
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 
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sD]TS³¡[DLGf DXF.BDF\YL SM.V[ Sæ]\ CMI l;JFI XIB VaN],S³FlNZ Ò,FGL S[4 ccDFZM VF
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CS³LS³TG[ ÔC[Z SZ[ K[ S[ T[ 5MTFGF ;DIDF\ ON" sJ,LGM V[S DS³FDf CTFP D[\ Sæ]\ NZ[S HDFGF DF8[
V[S ON" CMI K[P Sæ]\4 V[DGFDF\YL SM. 56 VF AFATGM l;JFI XIB VaN], S³FlNZ GF lGI]ÉT
G YIM S[ VF JFT SC[PP
D[\ Sæ]\4 X]\ T[DG[ VF AFAT sSFI"fGM C]SD sZA TZOYLf YIM CTM m T[D6[ Sæ]\4 S[D GCÄ m¦ T[DG[
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TDG[ BAZ GYL S[ OlZxTFVMV[ VFND G[ C]SD lJGF ;HNM GYL SIM"P
XIB VA} ;.N S³{,JL H6FJ[ K[ o BAZ VF5L VDG[ OS³LC VA], S³Fl;D D]CdDN lAG
VMAFNF lAG D]CdDN lAG VMAFNF lAG VaN], C;G lAG D]ghZL Vg;FZLV[ S³FlCZFDF\ lCP;P &*$DF\
Sæ]\ S[ D[\ XIB VFlZO VA], C;G V,L UhGL YL NlDxS³DF\ lCP;P &!ZDF\ ;F\E?I]\P T[ SC[TF CTF
S[ VDFZF XIB XZLO VA} ;.N S³{,JL G[ SC[JFDF\ VFjI]\ V[ CF,DF\ S[ C]\ ;F\E/TM CTM S[4 X]\
XIB VaN],S³FlNZ V[ B]NFGF C]SDYL Sæ]\ CT]\ S[ DFZM VF S³ND NZ[S J,L
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5Z K[cc TM V<,FC TVF,FV[ TDFD VJl,IF V<,FCGF lN,MDF\ G}Z TYF T[DGF .<DMDF\ AZST
JWFZL VF5LP VF AZSTGF SFZ6[ S[ T[D6[ 5MTFGF\ DFYF\ h]SFJL NLWF\ CTF\ T[DGF CF,FT A],\N SZL
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TYF ;F,[CLG GL ;FY[P
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K[J8DF\ U³F{Ø[ VFchD GL OhL,T TYF VF5GF DCFG DT"AFGL hF\BL SZFJTL S[8,LS
lZJFITM ZH} SZLV[ KLV[P
U³F{Ø[5FS G[ Ô[GFZFG[ B]X BAZ ¦ o XIB VA} ;µN VCDN lAG VA} ASZ CZLDL
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sDJFlCA],Ÿ ,N]ÂgGIC4 ACJF,F ;LZT[ D]lCA lTAZLf
ChZT VG; lZJFIT SZ[ K[ S[
Z;},]<,FC A[C}NL JFT AM,FJFJF/F G CTF VF5GL VFlHhLGM VF,D H]VM ¦
VG[ G TM SM.GL p5Z ,VGT SZTF4 G TM SNL VF5 5MTFGF ;CFAFV[ lSZFD
56 SM.G[ UF/ VF5TFP SNL SM.GF 5Z JWFZ[ GF lN,MG[ B]X SZJF VG[ T[DGF\
U] : ;[ YTF TM VFJ] \ ODF" J TF S[ 4 V[ G [ X] \ Y. SFD SZL VF5JFDF\ HZF 56 S;Z KM0TF GCÄP
UI]\ m¦ V[GL 5[XFGL W}/YL BZ0FI ¦ V[S lNJ;[ VF5GL 5F;[ V[S jIÂÉT VFjIM VG[
B]NF T[G[ 5;\N GYL SZTM H[ 5MTFGL H~ZT VF5YL Vh" SZLP 5Z\ T ] Vh"
5MTFGF ;FYLVMYL lJlXQ8 AG[ SZTF\ SZTF\ VF5 GF jIÂÉTtJYL W] | H TM
CTMP VF Ô[. VF5 V[ ODF"jI]\4 TD[
V[ S D] ; FOZL 8F6[ ;CFAFV[ lSZFD HZF 56 UEZFJ GCÄ4 C]\ AFNXFC GYL4 C]\ V[S
G[ VF5[ ODF"jI]\4 HDJF DF8[ V[S T[ :+LGM 5]+ K]\ H[ ;}SJ6L SZ[,M ;}SM UMxT
ASZLGL jIJ:YF SZMP V[S ;CFALV[ Z;},[ Sæ]\4 BFIF SZTL CTLP s.aG[ DFÔ4 AFA], S³NLNf
C,F, SZJFG] \ C] \ SZLXP ALÔV[ Sæ] \ 4 RFD0]
pTFZJFGL HJFANFZL DFZLP +LÔV[ Sæ]\4 V[G[
.ßHTGM AN,M .ßHTYL VF5TF
5SFJJFG]\ SFD C]\ SZLXP VF5 V[ ODF"jI]\4 V[ S JBT AFNXFC GßÔXLG] \
A/T6 DF8[GL ,FS0LVM JL6L ,FJJFGL DFZL 5|lTlGlWD\0/ VF5GL lBNDTDF\ CFHZ YI]\P
HJFANFZLP ;CFAFV[ lSZFD V[ T[DGL lBNDT SZJF VF5 5MT[ H
Sæ] \ 4 V[ SFD VD[ SZL N.X] \ P VF5 V[ µEF Y. UIFP ;CFAFV[ lSZFD V[
ODF"jI]\4 C]\ Ô6] K]\ S[ TD[ SZL XSM KM ¦ 5Z\T] Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC ¦ VD[ VF5GF
DG[ V[ 5;\N GYL S[ C]\ 5MTFGL ÔTG[ TDFZFYL TZOYL lBNDT DF8[ CFHZ KLV[P VF5 V[
H]NM H sprRf ;DH]\4 SFZ6 S[ B]NF TVF,F T[ ODF"jI]\4 V[D6[ V[DGF N[XDF\ VDFZF ;CFAFV[
A\NFG[ 5;\N GYL SZTM H[ 5MTFGF ;FYLVMYL lSZFD GL .ßHT SZL CTL V[8,F
lJlXQ8 sprRf AG[ K[P T[ 5KL VF5 ,FS0LVM DF8[ DG[ V[ H 5;\N K[ S[ V[D6[ SZ[,L .ßHTGM
 
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AN,M C]\ 5MT[ VF5]\P sDJFlCA],Ÿ ,N]ÂgGICf VF5 V[ ODF" j I] \ 4 H~Z C] \ TG[ ê86LGF
ChZT S³{; lAG ;VN AIFG SZ[ K[ ArRF 5Z ;JFZL SZFJLXP T[ AM<IF4 C]\ ê86LGF
S[ V[ S lNJ;[ Z;} , ] < ,FC 5MT[ DFZF ArRFG[ X]\ SZLX m¦ V[GF 5Z VF5 V[
UZLAGF 3Z[ 5WFIF" VG[ DFZF l5TFV[ ;[ J F ODF"jI]\4 ê86LVM H ê8G[ HgD VF5[ K[P V[8,[
RFSZL SZLP HdIF 5KL VF5 5ZT HJF T{IFZ NZ[S ê84 ê86LG]\ ArR] H CMI K[4 V[DF\ VFüI"GL
YIF TM DFZF l5TFV[ VF5GL ;JFZL DF8[ V[S XL JFT K[ m¦ slDxSFT XZLO4 XDF.,[ lTlD"hLf
BrRZ T{IFZ SI]Å VG[ p5Z A[;JF DF8[ S\A,
V[JL H ZLT[ V[S lNJ;[ V[S J'â :+L H[
CTLP VF5 ;JFZ Y. UIF VG[ ßIFZ[ RF,JF
,FuIF TM DFZF l5TFV[ Sæ]\4 C[ S³{; ¦ T]\ Z;},]<,FC S]VF"G XZLO 5-IF SZTL CTL T[6[ C]h}Z G[
;FY[ ÔP C] \ ;FY[ Y. UIMP VF5 Vh" SZL S[ VF5 N]VF ODF"JM S[ C]\ HgGTDF\ NFB,
V[ ODF"jI]\4 TD[ DFZL ;FY[ ;JFZ Y. YFë ¦ VF5 V[ T[6LG[ ODF"jI]\4 SM.56 J'â
ÔJP D[ \ VNAGF SFZ6[ GF 5F0LP TM VF5 :+L HgGTDF\ NFB, YX[ GCÄ ¦ T[6LV[ V[G]\ SFZ6
V[ ODF"jI]\4 DFZL ;FY[ A[;L ÔJ4 GCÄ 5}KI]\ TM VF5[ ODF"jI]\4 X]\ S]VF"GDF\ GYL 5-TL m
TM 5ZT Y. ÔJP V[8,[ 5FKM J/L 3Z[ VFJL V[DF\ V<,FC TAFZS J TVF,FG]\ ODF"G K[ o
UIMP slDxS³FT4 ;CLC{GGF CJF,FYL4 lSTFA], VNAf ccVD[ V[
lN,G[ B]X SZJF DÔS 56 SZTF :+LVMG[ BF; TF{Z 5Z 5[NF SZL4 VG[ V[DG[
S]\JFZLVM AGFJLPcc s;}ZV[ JFlS³VF4 5&q#5f
GALV[ SZLD4 ZC³ D T[ VF,D
V[ S UFD0FJF;L ;CFAL hFlCZ GFDL
pdDTGF lN,MG[ B]X SZJF SNL SNL C;L DÔS
H[VMGL RC[ZFGL XÞ, ;]\NZ G CTLP H\U,DF\YL
56 ODF"JTF4 5Z\T] T[ SM.G]\ lN, N]EFJGFZ S[
H} 9 CMI T[ J L G CMTLP H[ D S[ ChZT VG; O/M4 ,L,MTZL JU[Z[ ;ZSFZ GL lBNDTDF\
GM V[S GFGM D+F. EF. CTM T[ ßIFZ[ ,. VFJTF CTFP ßIFZ[ V[ ;ZSFZ GL
C]h}Z GL 5F;[ VFJTM TM T[GF CFYDF\ V[S AFZUFCYL 5MTFGF 3Z[ HJF GLS/TF TM VF5
RS,L CMTL T[GFYL T[ ZdIF SZTMP AGJFSF/ T[ ;ZSFZ[ NM VF,D T[G[ XC[ZGL RLÔ[4 S50F\
RS,L D'tI] 5FDLP TM 5KL ßIFZ[ ßIFZ[ C]h}Z JU[ Z [ TMCOF~5[ VF5TFP VF5G[ V[ G FYL
GL ;[JFDF\ VFJTM TM VF5 T[GL lN<,UL4 DCMaAT CTL VG[ ODF" j IF SZTF S[ hFlCZ
lN,G[ B]X SZJF SC[TF4 IF VAF pD{Z DF OV, VDFZM UFD0FJF;L K[ VG[ VD[ V[GF XC[ZL
G]U{ZP sV[8,[ C[ VA} pD{Z ¦ TFZL RS,L ÉIF\ KLV[P V[S lNJ;[ VF5 AÔZ TZO HJF
U. m¦f vslDxS³FT4 AFA[ DhFC VG[ XDF.,[ lTlD"hLf GLS?IFP Ô[I]\ TM hFlCZ 5MTFGL RLÔ[ J[RL ZæF
V[S lNJ; V[S jIÂÉTV[ VF5 G[ CTFP VF5 ;ZSFZ V[ T[GL 5L9 5FK/
lJG\lT SZL S[ DFZF DF8[ ;JFZLGL jIJ:YF SZJF H.G[ T[GL VF\BM 5Z CFY D]AFZS D}SL NLWF VG[
DC[ZAFGL SZM S[ H[GF 5Z C]\ ;JFZ Y. ÔëP V[G[ BM/FDF\ ,. ,LWMP T[ AM<IF4 SM6 KM m¦
 
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DG[ KM0L NM ¦ V[6[ DM\ O[ZJL Ô[. VF5G[ VM/BL 5[H 46 G]\ RF,]PP +6[ J GL lB,FOTDF\
,[ T F\ 5MTFGL 5L9 Ô6LA] h L ;ZSFZGF ANG ChZT V,L T[DGF JhLZ XF DF8[ ZæF m¦
D]AFZS ;FY[ AZSTG[ BFTZ 3;JF ,FuIFP C]h}Z[ X] \ V[ 8 ,F DF8[ S[ VF5 V[ D GFYL 0ZTF CTF m
VSZD V[ ODF" j I] \ 4 SM. K[ VF U] , FDG[ DVFh<,FC ¦
BZLNGFZ ¦ T[ V M shFlCZf AM<IF4 IF
VG[ Ô[ V[ DFGL ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ S[ ALÔ B,LOF
Z;},<,FC ¦ VF5 DG[ J[ R M KM4 5Z\ T ]
VF5 Ô[XM S[ DFZL 36L H VMKL ÃSDT CX[P TM ChZT pDZ lAG B¿FA GL 5FK,L
VF5 V[ ODF"j I]\4 5Z\T ] V<,FCGL GÒS XD"UFCDF\ ALDFZL CTL H[GL TS,LOYL ZFCT SM.
36M H ÃSDTL K[P sXDF.,[ lTlD"hLf DN"GF 5F6LYL D/TL CTL4 H[D S[ ;{IN HhF.ZLG]\
DFGJ]\ K[4 TM ;JF, V[ p9[ K[ S[ V[JF Xb; ;FY[
VF5[ O[\S[,F 5F6LGL AZST ¦ ChZT V,L V[ 5MTFGL 5]+L pdD[ S]<Ø}DGL
ChZT DCD} N lAG ZALV Vg;FZL XFNL S[D SZFJL m X]\ ChZT pDZ GL VF
BhZÒ ;F{ Y L GFGL pDZGF ALDFZLGL Ô6 T[DG[ G Y. XSL m VG[ ;{IN
;CFALVMDF\YL CTFP V[DGL pDZ 5F\R JØ"GL HhF.ZLG[ Ô6 Y. U. m¦ JFT V[8,L p3F0L K[
CTL tIFZ[ V[S lNJ;[ Z;},[ SZLD V[DGF S[ ;DHJF DF8[ SM. DC[GTGL H~ZT GYL S[ VF
3Z[ TXZLO ,FjIFP V[DGF 3Z[ V[S S}JM CTMP ;F{ H} 9 F VFÙ[ 5 M T[ GAL GF %IFZF ;FYL
VF5 V[ V[S 0M, J0[ S}JFDF\YL 5F6L ;CFALVM 5Z K[P sV<,FCGL 5GFC ¦f
SF-L 5MT[ 5LW]\P DM-FDF\ 5F6L CT]\ T[ SMU/M SZTF vsCJF,M o SxO], V:ZFZGF pN}" VG]JFNDF\YLf
CMI T[D ChZT DCD}NGF DM\ 5Z O[\ÉI]\P VFGL Z;},[ 5FS GL CNLØMDF\ TM K[ S[4 ccDFZF
AZSTYL V[DGL IFNXÂÉT V[8,L JWL U. S[ ;CFALVM TFZFVMGL H[D K[ H[GL 56 5IZJL
V[DG[ V[ AGFJG[ VÙZ;o IFN ZCL UIM CTM SZXM GÔT 5FDXMPcc slDxSFT XZLOf TYF ChZT
T[YL T[VMGL U6+L ;CFALDF\ Y.P VA}AÊ TYF ChZT pDZ GL XFGDF\
s;CLC A]BFZL4 lSTFA], .<Df S[8,LI[ CNLØM VFJ[,L K[P ODF"jI]\ o ccD[\ ;J" ,MSMGF
V[ J L H ZLT[ hIGA lAgT[ pdD[ ;,DF V[ C ;FGGM AN,M R} S JL VF%IM 56 C h Z T
Dbh}lDIF H[ VF5 V[ ZALlAIF VA}AÊGF V[C;FGGM AN,M V<,FC VF5X[Pcc
sVFU,F 3ZGL 5]+Lf CTF\P VF5GL 5F;[ VFJLP VG[ ODF"jI]\ o ccDFZF AFN Ô[ SM. GAL CMT
T[ JBT[ VF5 U];,BFGFDF\ CTFP VF5[ TM T[ pDZ CMT ¦cc T[DH VF +6[J B,LOFVMG[
V[GF DM-F p5Z 5F6L O[\SL NLW]\ V[GL AZSTYL N]lGIFDF\ H HgGTL CMJFGL AXFZT Z;},]<,FC
V[GF RC[ZF 5Z H]JFGLGM N[BFJ S³FID ZæM tIF\ V[ VF5LP T[DGL XFGDF\ VF U]:TFBLVM ¦
;]WL S[ V[ 36F H J'â Y. UIF\P s.Â:TVFlA V<,FCGL 5GFC ¦ A; ¦ ;]gGLVM ¦ ;JFWFG ZCM
l,.ÂaG lAZ"4 TH]"DM4 hIGA lAgT[ pdD[ ;,DFf VG[ TDFZF VS³LNFG[ ;,FDT ZFBM ¦ PPPPPPPP sÌDXof
 
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PU]GFCMGM
U],FDYL A]ZM JTF"J SZGFZM HgGTDF\ NFB, YX[
GCÄP slTlD"hL4 .aG[ DFHCf
.,FH P ChZT ZFO[V lAG DSLØ

K[ S[ Z;},]<,FC
YL lZJFIT
V[ ODF"jI]\4 U],FD ;FY[
BBBBBBBB ;FZM JTF"J SZJM B]X AbTL K[ VG[ A]ZL ZLT[
oo ,[BS oo JTF"J ANAbTL K[Pcc sVA} NFéNf
CSLD D]CdDN V:,D XFCLG S³FNZL ChZT VA} h Z YL lZJFIT K[ S[
VG]JFNS oo DF{,FGF D]OTL D]CdDNXFlSZ Z;},]<,FC V[ ODF"jI]\4 H[ TDFZF EF.G[
58[, lD:AFCL s,[:8Z4 I]PS[Pf V<,FC TDFZF C[9/ SZL VF5[4 H[G[ V<,FC
BBBBBBBB TVF,F TDFZL DFl,SLDF\ AGFJL N[4 T[G[ T[ H
BJ0FJM H[ TD[ BFJ KM VG[ T[G[ T[ H 5C[ZFJM H[
GMSZ ;FY[ A]ZM JTF"J SZJF
TD[ 5C[ZM KMP VG[ V[JF SFDGL T[G[ TS,LO G
5Z Sg8=M, VF5M H[ T[G[ EFZL 50L ÔIP VG[ Ô[ EFZ[ 50[ T[JF
.:,FD[ DFl,S TYF GMSZDF\ EF.RFZUL SFDGL TS,LO VF5M TM T[GL DNN SZMP sA]BFZLf
TYF CDNNL" TYF DwID DFUL" 5 6FG[ p¿[ H G ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC YL lZJFIT K[ S[
VF5JF DF8[ N;" VF%IM K[P VF lOTZTG]\ A\WFZ6 Z;},]<,FC V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ BFJ] TYF 5LJ]\ H[
K[ S[ SM. CFlSD K[ TM SM. T[GF C[9/ K[4 SM. VF56L DFl,SLDF\ CMI sDd,}SfV[ T[GM CÞ³
DFl,S K[ TM SM. GMSZ K[P 5Z\T]\ A\G[JDF\ CÞ³MGL K[ VG[ T[G[ XÂÉT ACFZGF SFDGL TS,LO G
V[S CN K[ H[YL SM.GL CÞ³ T,OL G YFI4 V[8,F VF5JFDF\ VFJ[P sD]Â:,D XZLOf
DF8[ SD"RFZLVM TYF GMSZM ;FY[ GZDLGM JTF"J ChZT VaN] < ,FC .aG[ pDZ V[
SZJM Ô[.V[P ODF"jI]\ S[ V[S DF6; GAL GL AFZUFCDF\
ccSLlDIFV[ ;VFNTccDF\ K[ S[ Z;},]<,FC CFHZ Y.G[ Vh" SZJF ,FuIM4 IF Z;},]<,FC ¦
V[ V[S U],FDG[ SM. SFDGF DF8[ DMS<IMP VD[ BFlNDMG[ ÉIF\ ;]WL DFO SZL XSLV[
T[ DM0[YL 5FKM VFjIM TM ;ZSFZ[ DNLGF V[ KLV[ m VF5 BFDMX ZæFP ALÒJFZ T[D6[
ODF"jI]\4 ccÔ[ S³IFDTDF\ AN,M G ,[JFDF\ V[ H JFT 5}KLP tIFZ[ 56 VF5 BFDMX
VFJT TM C]\ TG[ DFZTPcc Ô[I]\ TD[ m¦ VF56F ZæFP ßIFZ[ +LÒJFZ 5}KI]\ TM ODF"jI]\4 ccNZZMH
%IFZF VFS³F ÉIFZ[ 56 5MTFGF GO;G[ BFTZ T[G[ *_ JBT DFO SZMPcc sVA} NFéNf
AN,M ,[TF G CTFP VG[ V[S VFHSF,GM D];,DFG D]Â:,D XZLODF\ K[P ChZT ;{INGF VA}
K[ S[ GMSZ Ô[ SM. SFDDF\ p65 SZL N[ TM UF/MGM D:éN ODF" J [ K[ S[ C] \ SM. S] ; } Z 5Z
JZ;FN ¦ A<S[ DFZWF0 5Z pTZL VFJ[ K[P DFZF U] , FDGL l58F. SZL ZæM CTM4
ChZT VA}AÊ l;¡LS³ YL lZJFIT K[ V[ 8 ,FDF\ 5FK/YL VJFH VFjIM4 C[ VA}
S[ GAL VSZD V[ ODF" j I] \ 4 5MTFGF D:éN ¦ V<,FC G[ TFZF 5Z VlWS S]NZT
 
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K[ S]NZT SZTF\ H[ TG[ VF U],FD 5Z CF\;, K[P ChZT VaN] < ,FC .aG[ HVOZ
D[\ wIFG SI]Å TM V[ Z;},]<,FC CTFP DG[ lZJFIT SZ[ K[4 V[SJFZ Z;},]<,FC V[S
TZT H DFZL U,TLGM V[C;F; Y. UIM VG[ Vg;FZLGF AFUDF\ TXZLO ,. UIFP tIF\ V[S
D[ \ U,TLGL DFOL DFUTF\ Vh" SZL4 IF ê8 VF5 G[ Ô[.G[ E6E6JF ,FuI]\P
Z;},]<,FC ¦ D[\ V<,FC GF DF8[ VF T[6[ NN"EIM" VJFH SF-IM VG[ T[GL VF\BMDF\
U],FDG[ VFhFN SIM"P ;ZSFZ[ DNLGF V[ VF\ ; ] \ VFJL UIF\ P VF5 V[ T[ G F 5Z
ODF"jI]\4 Ô[ TD[ VF V[C;FG G SZT TM NMhB 5|[DEFJYL CFY O[ZjIM TM ê8 XF\T 50L UI]\P
TDFZF 5Z B],TL VG[ TDG[ :5XL" ÔTP VF5 V[ 5} K I] \ 4 ê8 SMG] K[ m V[ S
%IFZF NLGL EF.VM ¦ AC[GM ¦ Ô[I]\ TD[ m Vg;FZLV[ Vh" SZL4 DFZ] K[P VF5 V[
5Z\ T ] VO;M; ¦ VFH[ VF56[ VF56F CFY ODF" j I] \ 4 TD[ VF lARFZF ÔGJZGF AFZFDF\
C[ 9 / GFVMG[ XZ. H~ZT lJGF DFZLV[ sV<,FCYL GYL 0ZTF H[6[ TDG[ V[GM DFl,S
O8SFZLV[ KLV[P V[ JFTGL TZO T¡T wIFG GYL AGFjIM K[ m¦ V[6[ OlZIFN SZL K[ S[ TD[ V[G[
VF5TF S[ V<,FC H[ VF56FYL HAZN:T E}bI] ZFBM KM VG[ VlWS SFD ,.G[ T[G[ N]oB
K[ T[ VF56F H]<D TYF hIFNTLG[ Ô[. ZæM K[P VF5M KMP s;]GG[ VA} NFéNf
A;4 5MTFGF CFY GLR[GFVM ;FY[ ;N JT"G4 0 S}TZFGL NIF BFJF 5Z ANŸR,G
GZDL VG[ NZU]hZDF\ H E,F. K[P
:+LGL AÂbXX 0
•GJZ 5Z ;bTL SZJFGL DGF. ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC YL lZJFIT K[ S[
C]h}Z[ VS³N; V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ V[S ANR,G
DFGJMGL H[D ÔGJZ 56 V[S Db,}S³ K[P
:+L V[ VD, 5Z AbXL N[JFDF\ VFJL K[ S[ T[
VG[ V<,FC TVF,FV[ T[G[ DF6;MGF OFINF VG[
V[S S}JF 5F;[YL 5;FZ Y.P T[6[ Ô[I]\ S[ V[S
.ßHTGF DF8[ 5[NF SZ[, K[4 A<S[ VD]S ÔGJZ 5F,T] S} T ZM ÒE SF-[ , Â:YlTDF\ K[ Ô6[ T[
TM V[JF\ K[ H[DGL DFGJ ÒJGDF\ BF:;L NB, TZ;YL DZL H HX[P T[6LV[ 5MTFGL RFD0FGL
K[P T[DGFYL S[8,FI[ 5|SFZGL C{JFGFTL BMZFS DMH0L 5UMV[YL SF-L VG[ T[G[ 5MTFGF DFYFGL
CF\;, YFI K[ VYJF V[DGFYL EFZ JCGG]\ SFD VM-6L J0[ AF\WL VG[ V[ ZLT[ 5F6L SF-LG[ T[G[
,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P J/L B[TLJF0LGM NFZMDNFZ S[8,LS 5LJ0FjI]\P T[ :+LG[ VF G[S VD,GF SFZ6[ AbXL
CN ;]WL 5F,T] ÔGJZM 5Z K[P ÔGJZ RFC[ UD[ N[JFDF\ VFJLP SM.V[ Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC ¦ X]\
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 By Shaykh Muhammad Ashfaq al-Misbahi, Imam Masjid-e-Raza, Balaclava, B’brn, U.K. (England) 
Wadi Raza ki, koh e him ala Raza ka hai
Jis samt dekhiye, woh ilaqa Raza ka hai
The valley belongs to Raza, so too The Himalayas
Wherever one looks towards, it is the land of Raza
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
‘And one who has been blessed with roughly three hundred separate works on the
wisdom has been blessed with abundant subject of Islamic jurisprudence.
goodness.’ AI-Baqara, 269 An individual’s eminence can be realised
Hadith: ‘If Allah wills to bestow someone when even enemies are obliged to laud that
with special virtue, He makes him a faqih of very person with praise. Al-Irnam Ahmad
the religion.’ Rida’s juristic status was such that even
Among these virtuous and blessed scholars of groups stray from Ahl as-Sunna
personalities described in Allah’s Book and the (the neo- Mu’tazili in this case) confirmed the
Hadith of the Prophet sal Allah ‘alayh wa great legal intelligence of Ahmad Rida.
sallam is Imam Ahl as-Sunna, ‘Ala Hadrat
Malik Ghulam ‘Ali (who was an assistant
‘alayh ar-Rahma - in fact, there has been no
of Abu al-A’la Mardudi) writes that although
match to his virtue and excellence in the past
there is a prevalence of negative perceptions
century.
of al-Irnam Ahmad Rida, he, after scrupulously
Imam Ahl as-Sunna ‘Alayh ar-Rahma examining the works of the imam, ‘became
was a great mujaddid (al-mujaddid al-a’zam)
aware of his [the imam’s] deep and profound
of the fourteenth century, both by the
knowledge, whilst the love for Allah and His
consensus of the scholars Culama) of the Arab
Messenger sal Allah ‘alayh wa sallam is seen
lands as well as those around the globe. Al-
on every line in his books.’
Imam Ahmad Rida Khan is an individual who
dedicated his entire life to serve the religion of The mufti of the Hanabila (adherents to
Islam (ad-din al-Islam), He left over a Hanbali school of jurisprudence) in Makka al-
thousand books which aimed to preserve both Mukarrama described al-Irnam Ahmad Rida
our creed as well as the Hanafi school of Khan in the following words:
jurisprudence; in fact, the imam published ‘The great genius, research scholar,
 
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whose tree of knowledge will continuously The period during the lifetime of the
grow as time will pass, and whose actions will imam witnessed the introduction of paper
be fruitful in the court of Allah.’ money into the monetary system and the
The above extract displays the status of international markets and economies. This was
the Arab of al-Irnam Ahmad Rida Khan in the a difficult issue for the scholars of
eyes of the Arab ‘ulama, As for the non-Arab jurisprudence, who were unsure and puzzled
scholars (specifically those whom hail from the regarding its permissibility. When al-Imam
Indian subcontinent), many are left simply Ahmad Rida Khan journeyed to al-Hijaz for
bewildered by the erudition and prowess of the the Hajj, he was posed questions by the
scholars of the Haramayn on this issue:
imam. Mufti Sadr al-Shari’a states in that the
research conducted and published by al-Imam 01. Is paper money regarded and treated as
Ahmad Rida in his legal edicts (which are wealth?
found in al-’Ata al-Nabawiyya fi al-Fatawa al- 02. Is Zakaat obligatory upon an individual
Ridawiyya) is matchless in quality and scope, when the paper money he possesses
whilst the manner in which the imam has reaches the level of nisaab?
answered and published thousands of fatawa 03. Is paper money permissible as a form of
have left many scholars simply stunned1 . dowry?
Professor Iqbal meanwhile believed nineteenth 04. Is punishment necessary upon an
century Hind (including countries that were individual associated with its theft? S.
later partitioned) produced no jurist as clever Can paper money be transacted between
and as sharp as ‘Ala Hadrat. darahim?
Al-Imam Ahmad Rida Khan gave legal [He was asked a further seven questions too]
verdicts for fifty five years during which he Al-Imam Ahmad Rida Khan, in response
became one of the most trusted muftis of the to these questions posed to him, wrote an
religion, recognised by scholars all across the eighty-page work in the Arabic language which
globe. Imam Ahl as-Sunna was in fact destined proved the permissibility of paper money. The
to be a phenomenal jurist from a very young author ofNuzha al-Khawatir read this work and
age; his first legal verdict which he gave at wrote the following:
the age of fourteen is clear evidence of this. ‘A like of Ahmad Rida is rare in regards
The question posed was if a woman will to his knowledge and information of al-fiqh al-
become a foster mother to a child ifher milk Hanafi, his fatawa (legal verdicts) and the book
was to pass through the nose of that child. The Kifl al- Faqih is clear evidence of this.’
imam answered this question with detailed ‘Ala Hadrat said, ‘The essence of a note
evidences backing his stance, a stance which is that it is a piece of paper, people are
in fact he held for the remainder of his life. attracted to it due to the sign and stamp [on
1. Bahar e Shariat, Volume 2
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the note]. It comes in use when needed and it evidences to prove the lack of karaha if salat
is kept safe for usage when in need - this is al-zuhr is performed after this period.
the definition of maal (wealth). Therefore, we Al-Imam Ahl as-Sunna was also asked
understand that a note is a type of wealth and about the permissibility in the Hanafi madhab
it is priced. It is [written] in Fath al-Qadir that regarding the combining the prayers whilst
if one sells a piece of paper for a thousand travelling. The imam wrote that there are two
darahim then this transaction is permissible types of combinations: (1) A real combining
and not disliked. Therefore, how can the when two prayers are prayed within the prayer
transaction of a note with darahim be time of one; (2) An apparent combining where
impermissible. the first prayer is delayed until a few moments
Once Kifl al-Faqih reached the library before the end of its prescribed time - one then
of the haram of al-Makka al-Mukarrama, the prays the first prayer and then performs the
Mufti of the Hanafis, ‘Abd Allah bin Siddique second prayer immediately due to the
examined the work and struck his thigh commencement of its respective time by the
remarking, ‘Where was Jamal bin ‘Abd Allah time the first prayer is concluded. Imam Ahmad
from this clear nass?’ i.e. he was astonished Rida Khan said that the first type of
at how Ahmad Rida made the ruling so clear combination is only permissible in ‘Arafat and
which had previously left many ‘ulama, Muzdalifa (during the rituals of the Hajj), whilst
including Mufti ‘Abd Allah bin Siqddique, the second type of combination is permissible
perplexed. in any type of journey; he proved this stance
The mastery and deep understanding of with ten Ahadith of the Prophet sal Allah ‘alayh
the imam in the field of jurisprudence can be wa sallam.
understood by reading his commentary titled Imam Ahl as-Sunna was also asked
Jadd al-Mumtar on Radd al-Muhtar, written regarding the impurity of a dog, and which
by Khatam al-Muhaqqiqin, ‘Allama ibn ‘Abidin body parts of a dog are impure. Al-Irnam al-
al-Shami as a commentary itself on al-Durr A’zam Abu Hanifa considered only the saliva
al-Mukhtar. Al-Irnam ibn ‘Abidin al-Shami and flesh of a dog to be impure, and ‘Ala
wrote that the salat of zuhr is makruh (disliked) Hadrat put forth fifty evidences to prove this
when performed after the shadow of an object opinion of Imam Abu Hanifa.
is greater than its own length1 (excluding the In al-’Ata an-Nabawiyya, al-Imam
shadow prevalent when the sun was at its Ahmad Rida Khan wrote on the subject
zenith). Al-Irnam Ahmad Rida Khan held a oftayammum, in which he described a total of
contradictory opinion and compiled detailed a hundred and eighty one materials with which
1. The one length shadow is when the time of ‘Asr commences for the Shawafi’,
Malikiyya and the Hanabila-however, the jumhur position in the Hanafi madhab is that the
‘Asr time commences when the shadow reaches twice the length of an object (excluding the
length of shadow that was present when the sun was at its zenith).
 
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sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
tayammum is permissible with. Works in ‘Indeed, the Qur’an is greater to Allah
Hanafi fiqh preceding ‘Ala Hadrat stated fifty than whatever is in the heavens and the earth.’
eight materials with which tayammum is ‘Allama ibn ‘Abdidin al-Shami wrote the
impermissible with - the imam added a further following regarding this hadith in his
seventy two materials to this category i.e. he commentary of ad-Durr, namely Radd al
listed one hundred and thirty types of materials Muhtar:
with which tayammum is impermissible with. ‘Some say that the Qur’an is greater than
This type of detail and scrupulousness is seldom
the Prophet, whilst others say that the Prophet
seen in other works of jurisprudence; one can
sal Allah ‘alayh wa sallam is superior than the
clearly see what The Divine Bestowed upon
Qur’an. It is ore better to be quiet on this
Imam Ahmad Rida.
issue.’
Likewise, a question that was oft posed
However, Imam Ahmad Rida Khan
to legal jurists is the following:
remarked, ‘There is no need to be quiet, the
When water runs out for one performing ruling is clear to me by the grace of Allah.’ The
ghusl due to major ritual impurity, and then a imam then went on to explain how the kalam of
minor form of impurity exits from his body, Allah is of two types, namely nafsi and lafzi.
which impurity should be removed first when The first type pertains to the essence of the
water becomes available again? Qur’an, which is The Speech of Allah. The
The books of fiqh diversely describe Speech of Allah is pre-eternal and uncreated,
what an individual in this instance should do - and hence is greater than the Prophet sal Allah
in fact, many legal works have mentioned ‘alayh wa sall am. However, the words of the
fifteen ways in which a person can tackle this Qur’an are created into a scriptural form, and
issue. Imam Ahl as-Sunna, meanwhile, detailed hence, this aspect of the Qur’an is created. The
ninety eight ways1 ! Prophet sal Allah ‘alayh wa sallam is greater
The author of ad-Durr al-Mukhtar cited than all creation and therefore is superior to the
the following hadith: lafzi aspect of the Qur’an.
1. This is in hi s volume one of al-’Ata an-Nabawiyya
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 
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lGJ[NGGL Ô[ZNFZ hF8S6L SF-JFDF\ VFJLP 5lJ+TF 5FIFDF, Y. ÔI K[ VG[ G{lTS 5TG
 
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T[GL V\lTD ;LDFVM ;]WL 5CM\RL ÔI K[P VFYL ;\U;FZLGL ;ÔDF\ lJ,LG Y. U. K[ VG[ CJ[
H VFGL EIFGS V;ZMG[ ,ÙDF\ ZFBLG[ H S]VF"G lJJFlCT jIlERFZLVMG[ DF+ ;\ U ;FZL
DÒN[ R}SFNM VF%IM K[ S[ ov s5yYZDFZM SZLG[ DMT lG5ÔJJFfGL ;Ô H
ccjIlERFZL :+L VG[ 5]~Ø NZ[SG[ V[S ;M VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
SMZ0F O8SFZJFDF\ VFJ[ P V[ D GF 5Z V<,FC C]h}Z GALV[ SZLD GF ;DI 5KL
TVF,FGL XZLVTGL CN s;Ôf ÔZL SZTF\ TDFZ[ B] , OFV[ ZFX[ N LG VG[ ;CFAFV[ lSZFD
;C[H 56 NIF BFJL G Ô[.V[4 Ô[ V<,FC 5Z GF ;DIDF\ 56 VF H ;ÔVM
VG[ S³ I FDTGF lNJ; 5Z TDFZ] \ .DFG CMIP CTL VG[ 5FK/YL ;DU| pdDTGF OS³ L CM
p5ZF\T4 V[DG[ ;Ô O8SFZTL J[/FV[ D];,DFGMGM sD]OTLVMf VG[ VFl,DM 56 V[G[ H plRT DFGTF
V[S ;D}C CFHZ CMJM Ô[.V[Pcc s;}P G}Z4 VFP Zf ZæFP VFH[ 56 T[ G [ H plRT U6[ K[ P DF+
jIlERFZL VF H ;ÔG[ 5F+ K[ BJFlZH s.:,FDDF\YL AlCQS'T JU"fV[ VFGM
.gSFZ SIM" K[ P EFZTLI p5B\ 0 DF\ VFH[ 56
ANŸ S FZL sjIlERFZfGL 5| F YlDS ;Ô H[ S[ 8 ,FS ,MSM V[ VF ;ÔGM .gSFZ SIM" K[ P
.:,FDDF\ JRUF/FGF VFN[X TZLS[ H6FJJFDF\ JF:TJDF\ VF ;ÔGM C[T] V[ CTM S[ ,MSM V[DF\YL
VFJL CTL sH[GM p<,[B ;}ZV[ lG;FGL VFIT G\P AMW D[ / J[ P VFHSF, S[ 8 ,FS SC[ J FTF DFGJ
!5DF\ K[f4 V[DF\ SC[JFDF\ VFjI]\ CT]\ S[4 VFGF DF8[ VlWSFZ ;DY" S ÔC[ Z DF\ V5FTL VFJL ;ÔG[
ßIF\ ;]WL SFIDL ;Ô O8SFZJFDF\ G VFJ[ tIF\ ;]WL DFGJ VlWSFZ E\ U U6FJL ZæF K[ P VF GI] Å
jIlERFZL :+LVMG[ 3ZDF\ A\W ZFBMP tIFZ 5KL VF0\AZ VG[ V7FGTF K[ T[DH V<,FCGF VFN[XM
ßIFZ[ ;}ZV[ G}ZGL p5ZMÉT VFIT pTZL tIFZ[ ;FD[ V[S 5|SFZGM A/JM K[4 SFZ6 S[ V[ ,MSM
GALV[ SZLD V[ ODF" j I] \ CT] \ S[ V<,FC 5MTFGL ZLT[ V<,FC SZTF\ 56 VlWS DFGJ
TVF,FG[ H[ JRG VF%I] \ CT] \ V[ JRG 5| D F6[ CDNN" AGJF DFU[ K[P Ô[ S[ V<,FC SZTF\ JW]
jIlERFZL :+L VG[ 5] ~ ØGL ;Ô D] S ³ Z " Z SZL ZCLD VG[ SZLD ALÔ[ SM. H GYLP
N[JFDF\ VFJL K[P V[ TD[ DFZFYL XLBL ,M VG[ T[
K[ S]\JFZF sVlJJFlCTf :+L4 5]~ØG[ ;M ;M jIlERFZL TYF A/FtSFZLGL
SMZ0F VG[ 5lZl6T :+L4 5]~ØG[ ;\U;FZL ;CFG}E}lTDF\ ;DFHGL AAF"NL
äFZF T[DG[ DFZL GFBJFP S]VF"G DÒNGF p5ZMÉT VFN[XM VG[ T[DGF
GALV[ SZLD V[ lJJFlCT lJJZ6YL V[ 8 ,] \ TM :5Q8 Y. H UI] \ K[ S[
jIlERFZLVMG[ jIJCFZ] lXÙF ;hFvV[ v ZHŸ D jIlERFZ VG[ A/FtSFZ JrR[ V[ S E[ N K[ P
s;\U;FZL V[8,[ S[ 5yYZ DFZLG[ DMT lG5ÔJJFGL HCF,TSF/DF\ jIlERFZ ;FDFgI AGL UIM CTM VG[
;Ôf VG[ ;M SMZ0F O8SFZJFGL ;ÔGM C] S D VF S'tI VFRZJFDF\ 5]~Ø VG[ :+L A\G[ ;CEFUL
VF%IM CTM4 CJ[ SMZ0F O8SFZJFGL GFGL ;Ô YTF CTFP 5FlZEFlØS 5lZS<5GF VG] ; FZ ßIFZ[
 
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5] ~ Ø VG[ :+L A\ G [ XZDHGS S' t IDF\ 5C[ , F\ V[ J ] \ AGT] \ CT] \ S[ SM.GL ;FY[
:J[rKFV[ ;\0MJFI[,F\ CMI tIFZ[ V[ jIlERFZ N]xDGFJ8 SF-JF BFTZ H],D VG[ A/HAZLYL
K[ VG[ ßIFZ[ 5] ~ Ø TZOYL A/HAZL VFA~ ,}\8JFDF\ VFJTL CTL4 CJ[ TM V[S lGIlDT
SZJFDF\ VFJL CMI VG[ :+LGL DZÒ V[DF\ VlEUD AGTM ÔI K[ VG[ U]\0FVM4 A\S[ZFJM4
;FD[, G CMI tIFZ[ V[ A/FtSFZ K[P H[J]\ S[ H}UFZLVM4 RMZM VG[ lB:;F SFTZ]VMG[ 56 VFGL
VFHSF, YIF SZ[ K[P A/FtSFZ V[S AC] H DM8M 8[J 50L U. K[ VG[ VF AW]\ 5M,L;GF D[/F5L56FDF\
VG[ VtI\ T W' 6 F:5N V5ZFW K[ 4 H[ D F\ SM.S YFI K[ ¦ 5M,L; VFJF V5ZFWL H} Y M VG[
SFDF\W 5]~Ø RFlZÈJFG :+L4 I]JTL S[ S]DFZLGL jIÂÉTVMG[ ;FZL 5[9[ VM/B[ K[4 5Z\T] V[GF\ lB:;F
.ßHT VG[ VFA~GF ,LZ[ ,LZF\ p0F0L N[ K[P VFD4 EZL N[ J FDF\ VFJ[ K[ P lN<CLDF\ ;FDFgI ZLT[
V[GL VFBL ÃHNUL GQ8 SZL N[ K[P VFJF SFDF\W h] 5 05ÎLVMDF\ VFJF V5ZFWL TtJM lJSF;
VDFG]ØMGL ;Ô DMT SZTF\ ;C[H 56 VMKL G 5FDTF CMI K[P TFH[TZDF\ H AG[,F ;\bIFA\W
CMJL Ô[.V[P ßIFZ[ S[ .:,FD VFJF N]QSD"DF\ A\G[ AGFJMDF\ VFJL H h] 5 0F J;FCTMGF ZCLXM
5ÙMGL 5Z5:5ZGL ;\ D lT KTF\ A\ G [ G [ SMZ0F ;\0MJFI[,F CMJFG]\ Ô6JF D?I]\ K[P VF EI\SZ
O8SFZJFGL VYJF 5yYZDFZM SZL T[ D GF\ DMT J,6 CJ[ GJI]JSMDF\ VG[ WGJFG GALZFVMDF\
GL5ÔJJFGL ;Ô VF5[ K[ 4 tIFZ[ A/FtSFZGF 56 JWT]\ ÔI K[P
lS:;FDF\ ßIFZ[ V[S 5Ù ALÔ 5Ù 5Z VtIFRFZ
DlC,F VlWSFZMGF ;\ Z Ù6GF NFJ[ N FZ
U]ÔZTM CMI tIFZ[ .:,FD T[GF 5|tI[ CZlUh S]6}\
;\U9GM VFD TM A/FtSFZGF AGFJM V\U[ EFZ[
J,6 V5GFJL XS[ GCÄP 5lZÂ:YlT V[JL SZ]6
N[ S FZM DRFJ[ K[ 4 5Z\ T ] ßIFZ[ A/FtSFZLVMG[
lJS8 VG[ Hl8, K[ S[ VF56F N[XDF\ VF 5|SFZGF
DMTGL ;Ô VF5JFGL JFT YFI K[ tIFZ[ V[ H
AGFJM lNG 5|lTlNG JWTF H ÔI K[P ;DFRFZ
DlC,FVM V[GM lJZMW SZJF µEL Y. ÔI K[ ¦
DFwIDMGF VC[JF,M VG];FZ DF+ ZFQ8=LI 5F8GUZ
T[DGF\ SYG VG[ SD"GM VF lJZMWFEF; ;DÔTM
lN<CLDF\ NZZMH V[S AGFJ AG[ K[ ßIFZ[
;DU| N[XDF\ NZ[S V0WF S,FSDF\ A/FtSFZGM GYLP ;ÔG]\ 5|DF6 V5ZFWGL U\ELZTF 5|DF6[
V[S AGFJ AG[ K[P VF VF\S0FVM V[JF AGFJMGF GÞL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ VG[ ;Ô V[ 8 ,F DF8[
K[4 H[DGL V[OPVF.PVFZP GM\WFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ H[YL ;DFHDF\ VFJF V5ZFWM
;\bIFA\W AGFJM TM V[JF CMI K[4 H[DGM TFU 56 G YFIP H[ ,MSM VFJM V5ZFW SZJFGM .ZFNM
D/TM GYL4 SFZ6 S[ EMU AG[,L I]JTL .ßHT ZFBTF CMI T[ V M ;ÔG[ SFZ6[ T[ D GF\ V[ N] Q 8
VG[ VFA~ BFTZ V[ G L V[ O PVF.PVFZP H .ZFNFG[ VD,DF\ D} S TF\ N; JFZ lJRFZ[ P
GM\WFJTL GYL VYJF ÉIF\S EMU AG[,L :+LVM V5ZFWLVMG[ H[ ;Ô VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ V[ G FYL
OlZIFN GM\WFJJF ÔI K[ tIFZ[ A/FtSFZLVMGF ;DFH AMW U| C 6 SZ[ P .:,FDDF\ ;DFHGL
DFG4 DT" A F S[ JUG[ SFZ6[ T[ D GL OlZIFN :JrKTF4 5lJ+TF VG[ :J:YTF ;J" 5| Y D
GM\WFJFDF\ VFJTL GYLP VFJxIÉTF K[P ßIF\ ;]WL N[XMGM 5|`G K[ tIF\ ;]WL
 
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;DFHGL :J:YTF VG[ T[GF VFZMuI 5Z N[XGL ;]ZÙF D[/JJM 50X[P VFJF ;[\S0M AGFJM AG[ K[4 ßIFZ[
VG[ T[GL ÃHNULGM VFWFZ CMI K[P A/FtSFZLGL ;Ô VlJJFlCT 5]~Ø VG[ :+L VG[ V[S H JU"DF\
DMT SZTF\ VMKL CMJL 56 G Ô[ . V[ P VCÄ E6TF VG[ ;FYLVM jIlERFZGM U]GFC VFRZ[
VFÒJG S[NGL ;Ô EMUJLG[ H[,DF\YL K}8IF K[P :JK\NL KMSZLVM VG[ I]JTLVM VFJFZF4 ,O\UF
5KL 56 V5ZFWLVM ,F\A] ÒJG ÒJL ,[TF CMI VG[ ZB0] KMSZFVM VG[ I]JSM ;FY[ Zh/5ÎL SZ[
K[ VG[ tIFZ AFN V5ZFW SZJF VG[ ;Ô K[ V[GM SM. JF\WM p9FJT]\ GYLP VFGFYL ;DFHG[
EMUJJFGL V[DG[ 8[J 50L ÔI K[P VFJF CÔZM VFD TM SM. G]S;FG YT]\ GYL4 V[8,[ S[ ;DFH
AGFJM pNFCZ6 :J~5[ GM\WF. R}ÉIF K[P T[D KTF\ TZOYL SXL 5|lTlÌIF jIÉT YTL GYL VG[ T[GF
DlC,F ;\U9GMG[ SM6 Ô6[ S[D ANŸSFZM4 B}GLVM4 SXF 5|tIF3FT 50TF GYL¸ 5Z\T] ßIFZ[ SM. V[JM
,\ 5 8M VG[ ,] r RF ,O\ U F U] \ 0 FVM 5| t I[ VFJL AGFJ AG[ K[ H[DF\ KMSZL S[ I]JTLGL DZÒ ;FD[,
;CFG]E}lT XF DF8[ YTL CX[ m¦ S[ T[VM DMTGL CMTL GYL tIFZ[ ;DFRFZ DFwIDM ;OF/F\ ÔUL p9[
;ÔG[ A/FtSFZGF AGFJMGF V\T S[ lGI\+6 DF8[GF K[P DFTF4 l5TF 56 VG[ ;DFHGF 9[S[NFZM 56
pS[, TZLS[ :JLSFZTF\ GYLP ÔU'T AGL ÔI K[P
DF AF5M VF{,FNG[ VFhFN VFJF ;DFHDF\ ßIF\ ANŸSFZLG[ ZFÒB]XLYL
G KM0L D}S[4 GCÄ TMPPPP ;CG SZJFDF\ VFJTL CMI4 A<S[ V[G[ SFIN[;Z
U6FJLG[ V[G[ 5|Mt;FCG VF5JFDF\ VFJT] \ CMI
DFTF4 l5TFV[ lJRFZJ]\ Ô[.V[ S[ T[VM
5MTFGL NLSZLVMG[ O[XGGL XMBLG AGFJLG[ tIF\ A/FtSFZGF AGFJM V\ U [ CMAF/M SZJM
VG[ T[DGF\ BF; V\U p5F\UMG[ p5;FJTF DF+ V[ S -M\ U ;DFG K[ P òjIlERFZGL X] \
5FZNX"S4 sTYF RFD0L N[BFI T[JF BE[ 5U[ :J[ Â rKS jIlERFZG[ SFIN[ ; Z ZLT[ U] G MC G
S8 DFZ[,F S50F\f lO8 VG[ VW" J:+M U6LG[ sjIlERFZGL SFIN[ ; Z K} 8 VF5LG[ f
5C[ZFJLG[ ;DFHG[ SIM ;\N[X VF5L ZæF ÃCN] : TFGGL ;\ : S' l TGL TAFCLG[ lGD\ + 6 GYL
K[ m¦ VF EI\ S Z J,6G[ ;DF%T SZJF DF8[ V5FI] \ m TYF X] \ V[ G FYL ;DFHDF\ 5lT 5tGLGF
V[STZOL 5U,F\ VG[ V[S TZOL lYIZL 5Z VD, ;\AW\ MDF\ lTZF0M pEL GCÄ YFI m X]\ VG[S S]8A
\] MDF\ TAFCL
SZJ]\ IMuI GYLP D}/ ;D:IFGF\ TDFD 5F;F\ 5|tI[ GCÄ DR[ m VF V[S U\ELZ56[ lJRFZJFGM TYF
5}Z[5}Z]\ wIFG VF5J]\ 50X[ VG[ V[GM ;\5}6" TFU lGJFZJFGM 5|`G K[P vT\+L o AZSFT[ bJFÔ sDFl;Sfó
.gT[S³F, 5]ZD,F, o  S]ZR6 o BFT[ TFP !v!!vZ_!( VG[ ZZv;OZ4 !$$_ H]D[ZFTGF
ZMH .A|FCLD VFND DÞGGM 8}\SL DF\NUL AFN VRFGS .gT[S³F, Y. UIM CTMP  NIFNZF o sTFP lHP
E~Rf BFT[ C}ZLA[G V,L VFND UGL TFP (v!!vZ_!(4 Z) ;OZ], D]hOŸOZ4 lCP;P !$$_ U]~JFZGF
ZMH 8}\SL DF\NUL AFN V<,FCGL ZC³DTDF\ 5CM\RL UIF\ K[P ZaA[ SZLD T[GF %IFZF DCA}A GF ;NS³FDF\
;J" DC}"DMGL SZJ8 SZJ8 DUO[ZT ODF"J[4 HgGTDF\ VFc,F DS³FD VTF SZ[4 S]8]\ALHGMG[4 :GCLVMG[4 RFCSMG[
;A|[ HDL, VTF SZ[P sVFDLGf T\+L o AZSFT[ bJFÔ sDFl;Sf
 
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;FY[ S[ ZA TVF,F T[GF CALA GF ;NS³FDF\
;F{ G [ ;CFAFV[ lSZFDGL TYF VC,[ AITGL
DCMaATDF\ ÒJJF DZJFGL TF{OLS³ VF5[P sVFDLGf
.:,FD TYF D] ; ,DFGMGF 5} Z F6F N] x DG
IC}NLVM .:,FDL R/J/GL 5|UlT ZMSL G XÉIF
TM D]GFlOS³FGF TF{Z 5Z D];,DFG YJFG]\ ÔC[Z
SZLG[ S[8,FS IC}NL D];,DFGMDF\ ;FD[, YIF VG[
cc.aG[ ;AFcc GFDGF IC}NLV[ D];,DFGMG]\ ;\U9G
T}8[ VG[ V\NZM V\NZ EFU,F 50[ DF8[ H}9L CNLØM
QQQQQQQ JC[ T L SZL TYF .:,FDL VS³ L NFVMDF\ X\ S F
;\5FNS o 58[, XaALZ V,L ZhJL S]X\SFVM B0L SZL H[GFYL p5Z JF\rIF T[JF VS³LNF
sT\+L o AZSFT[ bJFÔvDFl;Sf
T[ D H CÒ VFU/ VFJX[ T[ D] H AGF .:,FD
QQQQQQQ
lJZ]â VS³LNF XLVFVMV[ JC[TF SIF"P ChZT V,L
ChZT V,L GL DCMaATGL GL DCMaATGM -M\U ZRL ccXLVFIFG[ V,Lcc
VF0DF\ XLVFVMGL K]5FI[,L SC[JFIF H[ 5FK/YL ccXLVFcc V[8,[ ccZFOhLcc
AN®VS³LNULGL h,S ò TZLS[ VM/BFIFP VF XLVF lOS³F"GF VD]S VS³LNF
Ô[. ,MP
VDLZ] , DMclDGLG ;{ I NGF ChZT V,L XLVFVMGF U]DZFC VS³LNFVMDF\YL S[8,FS
TYF ChZT ;{INF OFlTDF hCZF TYF VS³LNF TM p5Z J6"G Y. R}ÉIF T[ p5ZF\T T[VM
;J" VC,[ AIT[ VtCFZ GL DFG[ K[ S[ ov
;FRL DCMaAT V[ NZ[S VC,[ ;]gGT J HDFVTGL
C] h } Z SZTF\ ChZT V,L G[
;CLC VM/B K[P NZ[S ;]gGL VC,[ AIT[ VtCFZG[ VOh, DFG[ K[ A<S[ T[DGL DFgITF K[ S[ C]h}Z
lN,YL DCMaAT SZTM H CMI K[P 5Z\T] VFHSF, GAL SZLD 5Z ChZT lHA| . , E} , YL
S[ 8 ,FS V7FG SC[ J FTF ;] g GLVM XLVFVMGL GFlh, YIF4 GCÄ TM GAL TM V;,DF\ ChZT V,L
N[BFN[BL T[DGL ZlJX 5Z RF,L GLS/LG[ U]DZFCLDF\ CTFPPPPP JU[Z[ 36F AWF U,T VS³LNF T[DGF K[P
50TF Ô[ J F D/L ZæF K[ VG[ XLVFVMGL H[ D
T[ D H T[ D GF GÒSGF E} T SF/GF .ZFGDF\
VC,[ AITGL DCMaATGL VF0DF\ ;CFAFV[
YI[, 5[XJF H[DG[ T[VM ccVFIT]<,FC BMD{GLcc
lSZFDGL TYF DCFG ;CFALV[ Z;}, ChZT VDLZ SC[ K[ T[DGF lJRFZM 56 Ô6L ,M ov
D]VFlJIC GF lJX[ U,T VS³LNF WZFJTF
Ô[JF D/[ K[P T[DGL E,F.G[ BFTZ T[DGF ;CLC X]\ VF TF{CLG[ lZ;F,T GYL m
DFU" N X" G DF8[ XLVFVMGL V;l,IT V+[ G F BMD{ G L 5MTFGF .DFD[ UFIA DCNL
,[BDF\ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 V[ lGiIT TYF N]VF DJµNGF HxG[ lJ,FNTGF DMS³F 5Z ;\AMWG SZTF\
 
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!5 XFAFG lCP;P !$__DF\ GALVM TYF ccVFH[ D[ \ TDFZF DF8[ TDFZM NLG SFlD,
Z;},MGL XFGDF\ VF 5|DF6[ U]:TFBL5}6" JFTM SC[ s;\5}6"f SZL VF%IM VG[ TDFZF 5Z DFZL G[VDT
K[ o ccTDFD GALVM N]lGIFDF\ VNF,TGF p;},G[ 5}ZL SZL NLWLP cc
:YFl5T SZJF DF8[ VFjIF 5Z\T] T[ ChZFT 5MTFGF vs5FZF o &4 ;}ZV[ DF.NC4 VFIT o #f
VFJJFGF C[T]DF\ SFDIFA G Y. XÉIF4 tIF\ ;]WL V[8,[ S[ C]h}Z GM lJ;F, D]AFZS
S[ BFTD]gGALÂiIG 56 VF C[T]DF\ SFDIFA tIFZ 5KL H YIM ßIFZ[ NLG ;\56} 5
" 6[ D]SdD,
G Y . X É I F H[ DFGJÔTGL ;] W FZ6F4 Y. R}ÉIM CTM VG[ OTC[ DÞFYL .:,FDL
VNF,TGL :YF%GF VG[ DFGJÔTGL S[/J6LGF A\WFZ6 ;\5}6"56[ VD,DF\ VFJL R}ÉI]\ CT]\P
DS³;NYL N]lGIFDF\ VFjIFPPPPIS³LGG ¦ H[ Xb; KTF\ BMD{GL4 GAL5FS G[ DVFh<,FC ¦
VF C[T]DF\ GÒSDF\ H SFDIFA YX[ T[ DCNL 5MTFGF DS³;NDF\ lGQO/ NXF"J[ K[P
DJμN CX[ P PPPPP .DFD DCNL H[ D G[ V<,FC
;CFAFV[ lSZFDGL A[VNAL ¦
TVF,FV[ DFGJÔTGF DF8[ BÔGM AGFJLG[ AFSL
ZFbIF K[ T[ 5}ZF HUTDF\ gIFIGF O[,FJJF TYF
X]\ .:,FD N]xDGL GYL m¦
T[G[ ÒJ\T SZJFGL lBNDT V\ÔD VF5X[P VG[ X]\ C]h}Z G[ VtI\T RFCGFZ VF5GF ;F{YL
IS³LGG ¦ V[ SFDDF\ SFDIFA YX[ H[ S³FID l5|I ;FYL ;CFAL4 pdDTLVMDF\ ;F{YL VOh,
SZJFDF\ TYF DHA}T SZJFDF\ V\lAIF lGQO/ ;CFAL V[JF ChZT VA}AÌ T[DH ChZT
ZæFPPPP pDZ4 ChZT pQDFG TYF VgI DCFG ;CFALVM
sB]tAFV[ .DFD BMD{GL4 5|;FZ6 Z[0LIM T[CZFG4 DF8[ VFJF XaNM ,BX[ H[ D XLVF lOS³ F " G L
5[|; o VZF".I], VF,D4 S]J{T4 Z!v&v!)(_f lSTFAMDF\ K[ S[4 ccGAL SZLD GF .gT[SF,
XLVF .ZFGL 5[XJF BMD{GLV[ .DFD ZhF AFN lDSNFN .aG[ V:JN4 ;<DFG OFZ;L TYF
GF HxG[ lJ,FNTGL TS³ZLZ NZdIFG Sæ]\ S[4 VA}hZ UOŸOFZL l;JFI ;J" ;CFALVM D]T"N Y.
ccDG[ A[ JFTMGM VO;M; K[4 V[S V[ S[ .:,FDL UIF CTFPcc sZF{hT], SFOL4 Z$&q(4 CJF,M o TO;LZ[
A\WFZ6 .:,FDL C]S}DTGF 5|FZ\lES NF{ZYL VFH ;FJL4 5[H o #()4 EFU o $f
;]WL ;\5}6"56[ SFDIFA GYL Y. XÉI]\4 tIF\ ;]WL X]\ GAL5FS GF ;CFAFV[ lSZFDG[ D]T"N4
S[ Z;},[ .:,FD GF HDFGFDF\ 56 .:,FDL SFlOZ SC[GFZM .:,FDGM N]xDG GCÄ TM .:,FDGM
C]S}DTG]\ A\WFZ6 ;\5}6"56[ ,FU] G Y. XÉI]\Pcc NM:T K[ m
sDF{N}NL TH]"DFG V[lXIF4 ,FCMZ4 XLVFVM ChZT VF.XF GL TF{CLG
Z) hL, CßH4 lCP;P !$_#f SZJFG[ TYF T[DGF 5Z ,VGT DMS,JFG[
ßIFZ[ S]VF"G[ 5FSDF\ B}N ZaA[ SZLD ODF"J[ .AFNT ;DH[ K[ S[ H[ GAL SZLD GF\
K[ S[ ov l5|I 5tGL TYF pdDTLVMGF\ DF K[ VG[ T[DGL
lJlJW ZLT[ TF{ C LG SZ[ K[ P H[ D S[ .aG[ ZHA
 
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AZ;LG]\ SC[J]\ K[ S[4 ccChZT VF.XFV[ RMZLYL OZS VFJTM GYLP V<,FC TVF,FG]\ ODF"G K[ o
RF,L; NLGFZ V[ S 9F SZL ,LWF CTF ¦cc V<,FC TVF,FV[ ;J" G [
DVFh<,FC ¦ GAL 5FS GF\ 5lJ+ 5tGLGL E,F.GM JFINM SIM" o
VF TF{CLG X]\ V;æ GYL m¦ V[8,]\ H GCÄ AFlSZ ccV<,FC T[DGFYL ZFÒ VG[ T[VM V<,FCYL
DHl,;L 5MTFGL lSTFA CÞ], IS³LGDF\ ,B[ K[ o ZFÒPcc s;}P TF{AF4 )q!__f
ccßIFZ[ S³F.D]hŸhDF\ ÔC[Z YX[ TM VF.XFG[ ÒJ\T D]<,F V,L S³FZL lDxSFTGL XZCDF\ ODF"J[
SZLG[ T[ 6 LGF 5Z CN slXÙFf ,FU] SZX[ VG[ K[ o ChZT VaN]<,FC lAG D]AFZS H[VM ChZT
T[6LYL ChZT OFlTDFGM AN,M ,[X[Pcc GAL SZLD .DFD[ VFchD VA} CGLOF GF lJnFYL" K[
GF\ 5lJ+ 5tGL TYF pdD], DMclDGLG V[8,[ V[DG[ 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\ S[ ChZT pDZ lAG VaN],
;J" D]Â:,DMGL DFGL VFJL U]:TFBL SZGFZ X]\ VhLh VOh, K[ S[ 5KL ChZT
.:,FDGM TYF GAL GM N]xDG K[ S[ RFCS K[ m¦ D] V FlJIF m TM VF5[ ODF" j I] \ 4 C ] h } Z
ChZT D]VFlJICŸGM U]:TFB ;FY[ ZCL lHCFN SZJF ;DI[ VDLZ
HCgGDL S}TZM K[ ¦ D]VFlJIF GF 3M0FGF GFSDF\ H[ W}/
U. T[ 56 ChZT pDZ lAG VaN], VhLhYL
H[ V M XLVFVMGL N[ B FN[ B L ChZT VDLZ JWLG[ K[P sVgGFlCIF4 5[Hv!&f
D]VFlJICŸ GL A[VNAL SZ[ K[ VG[ UD[ T[D G;LD]lZ"IFh XZC[ lXOF SFhL .IFhDF\
AM,[ K[ T[VM Ô6L ,[ S[ ChZT VDLZ D]VFlJIF K[ o H[ jIÂÉT ChZT VDLZ D]VFlJIF
Z;},[5FS GF ;CFAL K[4 VF5[ GAL GL A]ZF. SZ[ K[ V[ HCgGDL S}TZFVM 5{SL
;FY[ ZCLG[ SFlOZM ;FY[ H\UM ,0L K[4 V[S S}TZM K[P sVCSFD[ XZLVT4 EFUv!4 5[Hv!_#f
VF5GM NZÔ[ ;CFAL CMJFG[ ,.G[ êRM K[ VG[ lDxSFT XZLO4 5[Hv!!Z4 A]BFZL XZLOGL
D]ÔlCN[ .:,FD CMJFG[ ,.G[ JWFZ[P lB,FOT[ CNLØ K[ S[ ChZT .aG[ VaAF; G[
OF~S³L VG[ lB,FOT[ pQDFGLDF\ VF5[ JL; JØM" 5} K JFDF\ VFjI] \ S[ VDLZ] , D] c lDGLG ¦ ChZT
;]WL ;LlZIFDF\ UJ"GZL SZL VG[ tIFZ 5KL 56 VDLZ D]VFlJIF GL AFAT TD[ X]\ ODF"JM
VF5 UJ"GZ ZæFP GJF;FV[ GAL ChZT .DFD KM4 ßIFZ[ S[ O,F6F D:V,FDF\ V[D6[ VFD SI]ÅP
C;G V[ V[DGL ;FY[ ;],[C SZLG[ V[DGF VF5[ ODF"jI]\ o V[D6[ AZFAZ
CFY 5Z AIVT SZLP VJ;FG ;] W LDF\ ChZT SI] Å SFZ6 S[ VF5 OS³ L C sNLGGL ;FZL ;DH
VDLZ D]VFlJIF V[ $_ JØM" ZFH SI]ÅP WZFJGFZf K[P
CNLØGF VM,DFV[ SM. 56 lJJFN JUZ V[DGL lDxSFTGL XZC lDS³ F " T 4 EFUvZ4
CNLØM GS, SZL VG[ ,LWLP VF AW]\ V[ JFTGL 5[ H v!&_4 ChZT D] < ,F V,L S³ F ZL p5ZMÉT
N,L, K[ S[ VDLZ D]VFlJIF GM lJJFN JFTGF B],F;FDF\ ,B[ K[ S[ ChZT VDLZ D]VFlJIF
ChZT V,L ;FY[ .HT[CFN 5Z VFWFlZT CTM4 D]HTlCN K[4 V[DG[ ;JFA D/X[ E,[ E},
V[GFYL V[DGL VNF,T VG[ 5ZC[hUFZLDF\ SM. SZ[P sV[8,[ S[ ChZT V,L ;FY[ H[ A[
 
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I]â YIF\ T[DF\ ChZT V,L CÞ³ 5Z CTF 5Z\T] ChZT SC[JF DF\U[ K[ T[D6[ ;XÉT 5]ZFJF VF5JF 50X[
VDLZ D]VFlJIF D]HTlCN K[ VG[ D]HTlCNG[ N,L,[ S[ V[ B,LOFGF 5N 5Z VFJTF\ 5C[,F\ H BZFA
XZ.DF\ DGG SZJFYL V[DGFYL E}, YFI TM 56 DF6; CTMP ßIFZ[ V[ 5MTFGF l5TF ChZT
V[DG[ ;JFA D/[ K[Pf VDLZ D]VFlJIFGL CIFTLDF\ ;FZM CTM4 VG[
VgGFlCIF4 5[ H v!*4 ChZT V<,FDF V[6[ .:,FD DF8[ 36F I]âM ,0IF\4 TM ChZT
S:T,FGLV[ A] B FZLGL XZCDF\ ChZT VDLZ VDLZ D]VFlJIF V[ 5MTFGF 5]+G[ ,FIS
D] V FlJIF AFAT V[ J6" G SI] Å K[ ov ;DÒG[4 XZLVTGM 5FA\N ;DÒG[ VF 5U,] EI]Å
ccChZT D]VFlJIF CT\]P ßIFZ[ VF5GL CIFTLDF\ V[ OFl;S³ G
36L H B}ALVMGF DFl,S K[Pcc CTM TM 5KL ChZT VDLZ D]VFlJIC 5Z V[
VF K[ ChZT VDLZ D] V FlJIF ¦ AFATGL SM. X\SF IMuI GYLP VG[ ;]gGL ;CLC],
VC,[ ;]gGT J, HDFVTGF D:,S 5|DF6[ VS³LNF VF 5|DF6[GL X\SF p5Â:YT SZL 56
VF5 prRTD ;CFAL K[4 VG[ VF5GL AFAT[ G Y L X É T M P X{ T FG SFlOZ AGTF 5C[ , F\
SF\. AM,JFGL VF56G[ ZÔ GYL4 A<S[ OlZxTFVMGM p:TFN CTM4 V[GL 36L .ßHT YTL
AM,J]\ 5MTFGL VFS[³AT BZFA SZJ]\ K[4 CTL4 V[G[ 36] DCFG 5N VF5JFDF\ VFjI]\ CT]\4
V[8,[ ChZT VDLZ D]VFlJIF DF8[ VF56[ 56 ßIFZ[ V[6[ ChZT VFND GL A[.ßHTL
SZL VG[ V<,FCGL VF7FG] \ 5F,G G SI] Å TM
VC,[ ;]gGTGM D:,S E},L XLVF ,MSM
V<,FC TVF,FV[ V[G[ .ßHTGL HUFV[YL C8FJL
H[JL GSFDL JFT G SZJL Ô[.V[ ¦
NLWMP TM VF NFB,F 5|DF6[ IhLN ßIFZ[ ;FZM CTM
;JF, o RF,M4 DFGL ,.V[ S[ 5MTFGL
tIFZ[ ChZT VDLZ D]VFlJIC V[ V[G[
CIFTLDF\ B,LOFG[ lGD6} \ S SZJM VG[ 5MTFGF
.ßHTG]\ 5N VF%I]\4 VF5GF N]lGIFYL 5NM" SZL
5] + G[ B,LOF AGFJJM XZ. SFINFGF VFWFZ[
UIF 5KL V[ OFl;S³ AGL UIM TM V[ T[ HDFGFGF
GFÔ.h GYL V[8,[ lJZMW p9FJJFGL VF56G[
D];,DFGMGL HJFANFZL 9ZL H[ IMuI CMI T[GF
ZÔ GYL4 56 OFl;S³ G L A[ . ßHTL JFlHA K[
CFYM 5Z AIVT SZJL Ô[.V[ VG[ T[JF jIÂÉTG[
V[8,[ V[G[ .ßHTG]\ 5N G VF5L XSFI4 TM 5KL
EZ5} Z ;CSFZ VF5JM Ô[ . V[ P ;FZF\ X V[ S[
lB,FOT[ S]A|F VG[ D];,DFGMGF VDLZ DF8[ V[JF
ChZT VDLZ D]VFlJIF 5Z IhLNGF OFl;S³
jIÂÉTG[ lGD6}\S SZJM GFÔ.h VG[ U]GFCG]\ SFD
CMJFG]\ Ô6TF CMJFGL X\SF 56 T¡G BM8L K[P V[
K[P 5KL OFl;S³G[ V[ 5N S[D VF5JFDF\ VFjI]\ m
ElJQIGL JFT CTL4 V[DGL CIFTLGL GCÄP
HJFA o IhLN OFl;S³ CTM VG[ V[GF OFl;S³
CMJF 5Z A[DT GYL 56 V[ ßIFZYL OFl;S³ AgIM
;CFAFV[ lSZFDYL XLVFVMGL GOZT
tIFZYL OFl;S³GM C]SD ,FUX[P U]GFCMGF\ SFDM SIF" VF ,BF6 B}N V[S XLVF VFl,D ;{IN
JUZ lO:S³ VG[ ANŸDFXLGM C]SD .:,FDL SFINFDF\ C];{G D};JL GHOL GL lSTFAG]\ K[ H[6[ CÞ³GL
,FU] 50TM GYLP H[VM IhLNG[ 5|YDYL OFl;S³ T,FXDF\ XLVFVMGF VS³LNFVMYL A[hFZL ÔC[Z
 
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SZL VG[ T[G[ ZNLIM VF5TF\ B}N V[S lSTFA ,BL ChZT VA} A Ê4 pDZ TYF pQDFG
H[ G ] \ VZAL GFD K[ o S x O ] , V : Z F Z J +6[ J GL lB,FOTGF
lTAZVlT,Ÿ V.dDlT,Ÿ VtCFZ H[GM VG]JFN D]lgSZ V[JF VF XLVFVMGF V5XaNM TYF 8LSF
VA} S]<Ø}D lC\NL GFDGF Xb;[ SIM" H[ .DFD 8L%56G]\ ;F{YL lJX[Ø SM. lGXFG AG[, K[ TM T[
ÔVOZ ;FlNS V[S[0[DLv,BGF{YL 5|l;â Y.P D]CdDN s fGF ;FYLVM VG[ V[DF\ 56 BF;
CJ[ T[DF\GL lJUTM T[DGF H XaNMDF\ ZH} YX[P SZLG[ VA}AÊ TYF pDZ TYF pQDFG VG[ GAL
ccVC,[ ;]gGTYL XLVFVMGL GOZT G SM. GL 5lJ+ ALJLVM pdD], DMlDGLG ChZT
VFHGL 5[NFJFZ K[ VG[ G VFHGF VC,[ ;]gGT VF.XF TYF ChZT CO;F K[P
;FY[ BF; K[ A<S[ V[GL H0M B}A H ê0L K[ H[GM V[8,F DF8[ V[DGL lSTFAMDF\ V[S N]VF D/[ K[
ÊD 5|YD I]U ;]WL H.G[ D/[ K[P Ò CF ¦ VC,[ H[DF\ S]Z{XGF A[ A]TMGF ;\A\W[ SC[JFDF\ VFjI]\ K[
;]gGTGF JT]"/DF\ VA}hZ4 lDS³NFN VG[ ;,DFG S[4 C[ V<,FC ¦ S]Z{XGF A\G[ ;GDvA]T VG[ TFU}T
OFZ;L s f l;JFI ;J" sX{TFGfGL A\G[ TFS³TM sV[8,[ VA}AÊ TYF
;CFALVM VFJL HX[ H[DGFYL XLVFVMG[ GOZT pDZf 5Z ,VGT ODF"J ¦PPPPPPPPsK[J8 ;]WLf
K[P H[D S[ S,LGL4 VA} HVOZ GF CJF,FYL VF N] V F DMVTAZ lSTFAMDF\ :5Q856[ J6" G
GÉ³, SZ[ K[ o YI[,L K[P .DFD BMD{GL sH[GL TFZLO 5|MP TFlCZ],
ccGAL SZLD GF .gT[S³F, AFN lDS³NFN S³FNZLV[ SZL K[ ¦fGM lGID CTM S[ NZZMH ;JFZGL
.aG[ V:JN4 ;,DFG OFZ;L TYF VA}hZ UOOFZL GDFh AFN VF N]VF 5-TFP
s f l;JFI ;J" ;CFALVM V[ D GL V[ S lSTFADF\ K[ o ccCdhF .aG[
D]T"N Y. UIF CTFPcc sZF{hT], SFOL4 Z$&q(f D] C dDN TiIFZ AIFG SZ[ K[ S[ VD[ VA}
;]gGLVM ¦ lJRFZM ¦ Ô[ VF56[ IC}NLVMG[ VaN]<,FC s fGL DHl,;DF\ D]CdDN .aG[
5}KLV[ S[ TDFZL lD<,TDF\ VOh,TZLG sÇ[Q9f VA}AÊGM p<,[B SIM" TM T[D6[ ODF"jI]\4 V<,FC
,MSM SM6 K[ m TM V[ H HJFA VF5X[ S[ D};F TVF,F V[DGF 5Z ZCD SZ[4 VG[ 5MTFGL ZCDTM
s fGF V:CFA V[8,[ ;FYLVMP GFlh, SZ[ 4 V[ S JFZ D] C dDN .aG[ VA} A ÊV[
Ô[ VF56[ G;FZF s.;F.VMfG[ 5}KLV[ S[ ChZT V,L s fG[ Sæ]\4 TDFZM CFY JWFZM S[
TDFZL pdDTDF\ VOh,TZLG SM6 K[ m TM C]\ AIVT SZ]\ ¦ VF5[ 5}KI]\4 X]\ TD[ CÒ ;]WL
IS³LGG ¦ HJFA CX[ S[ .;F s fGF CJFZLVM AIVT GYL SZL m T[ D 6[ HJFA VF%IM4 S[ D
V[8,[ ;FYLVMP GCÄ m¦ C]\ TM AIVT SZL R}ÉIMP VG[ 5KL T[D6[
Ô[ VF56[ XLVFVMG[ 5} K LV[ S[ TDFZF 5MTFGM CFY WZL VF%IM VG[ sChZT V,LG[f Sæ]\4
VS³LNF TYF TDFZL DFgITF C[9/ ANTZLG ,MSM C]\ UJFCL VF5] K]\ S[ VF5 .DFD KM VG[ VF5GL
SM6 K[ m TM V[ H HJFA D/X[ S[ D]CdDN s fGF ODFÅAZNFZL Oh" K[ VG[ DFZF l5TF sVA}AÊfG]\
;FYLVM ¦ sVF S[8,L DCFG U]:TFBL K[f 9[SF6] HCgGD K[P slZÔ,], SXL4 5[Hv&!f
 
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V[ S HUFV[ ,B[ K[ o XMV[ A 4 VA} VFU/ ~l5IF 5{;FGF -U,F J/[ K[ VG[ GhZF6F
VaN]<,FCYL GÉ³, SZ[ K[ S[ NZ[S BFGNFGDF\ SM. R-FJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P V[ DhFZ 5Z C]\ sD}/ ,[BSf
G SM. XZLO H~Z CMI K[4 VG[ A]ZF BFGNFGDF\ 56 UIM K]\ VG[ ;J" CF, 5MTFGL VF\BM J0[ Ô[.G[
5[NF YGFZ XZLOTZLG Xb;G]\ V[S prR VFjIM K]\ ¦ .ZFGGF 5|RFZ TYF 5|;FZ D\+F,I[ T[GL
¹Q8F\T D]CdDN .aG[ VA}AÊ sVA}AÊGF lJXF/TF TYF GJLGSZ6DF\ 36L lN,R:5L
5]+ D]CdDNf K[P sV, SXL4 5[Hv&!f ATFJL VG[ 5+M JU[Z[ DF8[ V[S 5M:8SF0" 56
ACFZ 5F0IM H[GF 5Z VF DhFZGM OM8M K[ ¦
ChZT pDZ GL TF{ C LGDF\ ,B[ K[ o
S,LGL4 VA} HVOZYL lZJFIT SZ[ K[ o
ccVG[ Ô[ JFT SZLV[ ChZT pDZGL TM ;{ I N
ccXIB{G sVA}AÊ TYF pDZf N]lGIFYL V[ CF,DF\
G[VDT]<,FC HhF.ZL T[DGF AFZFDF\ tIF\ ;]WL SC[
UIF S[ G T[D6[ TF{AF SZL VG[ G VDLZ], DMlDGLG
K[ ov sChZT V,Lf ;FY[ H[ ;],}S SIM" CTM T[GF 5Z
ccpDZGL 5FK,L XD"UFCDF\ V[S ALDFZL CTL 5MTFGL XlDÅ N UL ÔC[ Z SZLP TM V[ D GF 5Z
H[GL TS,LOYL V[DG[ tIFZ[ H ;]S}G D/T] ßIFZ[ ,VGT YFI B]NFGL4 OlZxTFVMGL VG[ ;J"
DN"G]\ 5F6L V[GF 5Z GFBJFDF\ VFJT]\Pcc DFGJMGL ¦ sZF{hT], SFOL4 (qZ$&f DVFh<,FC ¦
sV, VgJFZ]gG]VDFlGIF4 5[Hv&#f S[8,M H}9M U\NM VFÙ[5 ¦ VG[ T[DGF 5Z ,VGT ¦
VF T¡G H}9M VFÙ[5 VG[ VlT U\NL TF{CLG TF{AF TF{AF ¦ VF S[JM H]<D K[ m¦
ChZT pDZ GL XFGDF\ K[P V:TUlOZ]<,FC ¦ ChZT pQDFG UGL s fGF AFZFDF\
V,L .aG[ I} G ] ; AIFhL SC[ K[ o ccpQDFG V[ S
ChZT pDZ GM S³FlT, D:BZF s9õF SZGFZvÔ[ S Zf CTF VG[ T[ lCH0F
XLVFVMGM CLZM ¦ CTF ¦cc sVl:;ZFT, D] : TS³ L D4 Zq#_f V<,FCGL
.ZFGGF XC[Z SFXFGDF\ ccAFU³L O{Gcc GFDGM 5GF C ¦ S[8,L A[AFSL VG[ S[8,F DCFG
V[S lJ:TFZ K[ ßIF\ V[S VgÔG OMÒGL S³AZ K[ ;CFALGL AFZUFCDF\ m¦ C] h } Z V[ 5MTFGL
H[GF AFZFDF\ ,MSMGM JC[D K[ S[ ChZT pDZGF A[ ;FCAhFNLVM JFZFOZTL H[DGL ;FY[
S³FlT, VA} ,}VŸ ,}VŸ OLZMh OFZ;L DH};LGL S³AZ 5Z6FJL T[ D GL VF TF{ C LG m¦¦
K[P V[GF 5Z V[S ,BF6 ,bI]\ K[ H[GM EFJFY" o ChZT VF.XF s fGF AFZFDF\ .aG[
ccAFA[ X]Ôp¡LGGL VFZFDUFCcc AFA[ X]Ôp¡LG ZHA AZ;LG]\ SC[J]\ K[ o ccChZT VF.XFV[ RMZLYL
V[S ,S³A K[ H[ XLVFVMV[ ChZT pDZG[ S³t, RF,L; NLGFZ V[S9F SZL ,LWF CTF ¦cc
SZJFGF AN,FDF\ VA} ,]VŸ ,]VŸG[ VTF SIM"P V[ sDXFlZS], VgJFlZ, IS³LG4 5[Hv(&f
VF:TFGFGL NLJF,M 5Z OFZ;LDF\ ccDU" AZ 5KL ,[BS SC[ K[ o C]\ 5}K] K]\ S[ Ô[ +6[J
VA}ASZ ¦ DU" AZ pDZ ¦ DU" AZ pQDFG ¦cc B,LOFVMGM VFJM H lSZNFZ CTM TM 5KL
,bI]\ K[4 H[GM DT,A K[ o VA}AÊ D]NF"AFN ¦ pDZ VDLZ], DMlDGLG ChZT V,L V[ V[DGF
D]NF"AFN ¦ pQDFG D]NF"AFN ¦ sDVFh<,FC ¦f CFY AIVT XF DF8[
VF DhFZ .ZFGLVMGL lhIFZTUFC K[ ßIF\ SZL CTL m¦ VG[ V[ JW] 5[H 25 5ZPP
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5Z S³FlNZ K[ S[ V[DGFDF\ H[ 5MTFGL 5tGLG[ T,FS³
VF5X[ T[ T,FS³ V<,FCGL H S]NZTYL JFS³[V4
DF{H}N TYF Db,}S³ YX[ s,FU] YX[f4 H[YL V<,FC
TVF,F hIN TYF VD| NZ[SGF VIG O[V, 5Z
56 S³FlNZ K[ VG[ lDQ, O[V, 5Z 56 S³FlNZ K[4
S[ V[S O[V, ALÔG]\ lDQ, CT]\P 56 V[ D]ÂgSZMGL
U] D ZFCLV[ V[ G [ B] N FGL S] N ZT G Ô6L A<S[
BBBBBBBB
C%TM o K[<,M S]NZTGF DF8[ V[ ,FlhD ÔÎ]\ S[ H[JL ZLT[ T[VM
,[BS o ;A}Z VCDNv,FCMZ 5MT 5MTFGL 5tGLVMG[ T,FS³ VF5L XS[ K[ B]NF
VG]JFNSo 58[, XaALZ V,L ZhJL NIFNZJL B]N 56 5MTFGL 5tGLG[ T,FS³ VF5L XS[P VF
sB,LOF C]h}Z TFH]xXZLVC4 T\+L o AZSFT[ bJFÔvDFl;Sf UW[0F56FGL CN K[ ¦ VF A[.DFGLG]\ 9[SF6] K[P
BBBBBBBB
VF JFTGL VlWS :5Q8TF DF8[ VDM VCÄ
VFc,F ChZT .DFD VCDN ZhFBF\ GL tIFZAFN JW]DF\ ODF"J[ K[ ov
lSTFA ccNFDFG[ ;]aCFG]:;]aA}CccGM S[8,MS lC:;M cctIF\ ;]WL JFT ;CLC CTL S[ H[GF 5Z DF6;
GS³, SZLV[ KLV[ H[ VF5[ 5MTFGF ;DIGF VF H S³FlNZ sXÂÉTDFGf K[ V[ ;F{GF p5Z VG[ V[GF
5|SFZGL U]DZFCLDF\ ;50FI[,F ,MSMGF ZNDF\ ,BLP p5ZF\T ,FD]tGFCL sV;LDf RLÔ[ 5Z DF{,F
VF5 ,B[ K[ ov S³FlNZ K[P T[ sDF6;f ÔC[ZL TYF VTF. S]NZT
WZFJ[ K[ VG[ CÞ³ TVF,F CS³ L S³ L TYF hFTL
ccVF56F VC,[ ;] g GTGL GÒS V<,FC
S] N ZTJF/M K[ P 56 VF ;tIG[ VF U,T JFT
TVF,F VIG[ DS³N}ZFT[ VaN 5Z 56 S³FlNZ K[ S[
SZGFZM S[JL ZLT[ T¡G AFlT,GL TZO ,. UIMP
V[ V[GL SFlD, S]NZT YSL VÂ:TtJDF\ VFJ[ K[
DF6;G]\ O[V, SZJ]\ S;A SC[JFI K[P DF6;GL
VG[ T[DGF .dØF, 5Z 56 S[ .dØF,[ VaNYL
ÔC[ZL S]NZT S[J/ V[8,F 5|DF6DF\ K[P CS³LS³L
.dØF,[ O[V, SZFJL XS[ K[P 56 V[JF .dØF, S]NZTGF ;H"G TYF AGFJJFDF\ T[GM lC:;M GYLP
5Z S] N ZT S[ B] N 5MTFGF GO;[ SZLDYL V[ J L V[ BF; DF{,F GL S]NZT K[ TM V[ CÞ³ S,DF
GF5FSLVM ACFZ 5F0L ATFJ[ V[GFYL T[ 5FS TYF s;tI JFTfGM ;FZ V[ CTM S[ DF6; H[ RLHGF
A],\N K[P s5FSL K[ VX"GF ZAG[ V[ JFTMYL H[ SZJF 5Z S³FlNZ K[4 V<,FC T[ RLHGF ;H"G
V[VM AGFJ[ K[Pf TYF 5[NF SZJF 5Z S³FlNZ K[ S[ T[ S;A G YX[
V[DG]\ ¹ÚF\T V[ ZLT[ ;DÔ[ S[ hIN TYF VD| 56 B]NFGL S]NZTYL YX[P VF lN,GF VF\W/FV[
A\ G [ J 5MT 5MTFGL 5tGLG[ T,FS³ VF5JF DF8[ V[J]\ AGFJL ,LW] S[ DF6; H[ RLHGF S;A 5Z
XÂÉTDFG K[ 56 V[S ALÔGL 5tGLG[ T,FS³ GYL XÂÉTDFG K[ ZCDFG 56 B]N 5MTFGF DF8[ V[GF
VF5L XSTFP TM NZ[S V[S ALÔGF DS³N}Z s;¿F4 S;A 5Z S³FlNZ K[P s5FSL K[ VX"GF ZAG[ VF
.ÂbTIFZf 5Z XÂÉTDFG GYL4 A<S[ T[GL GhLZ JFTMYL H[ V[VM AGFJ[ K[f VF\W/FV[ V[ G ÔÎ]\
5Z XÂÉTDFG K[P 5Z\T] CÞ³ H<, DHNC} A\G[J S[ SM.G] \ SM. RLH 5Z XÂÉTDFG YJ] \
 
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K[4 G S[ VG[ ;FO lJX[ ÔC[ Z DF\ NXF" J L R} É IF KLV[ P VDM OZL
30L ,LW]\ S[ H[ A\NF 5Z ,FU] Y. XS[ B]NF 5Z 56 :JLSFZ SZLV[ KLV[ S[ VgI WDM" lJX[ T[DG[ 36L
,FU] Y. XS[ K[P V[GFYL JWLG[ VgI X]\ U]DZFCL DFc,}DFT K[4 Ô[ S[ .:,FDL VS³LNFVMGF AFZFDF\
TYF X{TFlGITGL CN CM. XS[ K[ ¦ T[DGL DF,}DFT VW}ZL K[P H[YL VD[ V[J]\ ;DÒV[
VD[ ;DÒV[ KLV[ S[ VF ;J" lJUTYL 0MP KLV[ S[ T[D6[ V[JL DF,}DFT lJX[ JFT G SZJL
GFISGL DFgITFVMGL U] D ZFCLVM ;\ 5 } 6 " 5 6[ Ô[.V[ H[G[ T[ CÒ 5MT[ ;FZL ZLT[ ;DÒ GYL
ÔC[Z Y. U. CX[P B]NF Ô6[ V[D6[ s0MP GFIS[f XÉIFP A<S[ V[YL p<8] 5MTFG]\ wIFG T[ AFATM
VF DFgITFVM ÉIF\YL SF-L ,LWL m ,UEU V[D6[ ;]WL ;LlDT ZFBJ]\ Ô[.V[ H[DF\ T[D6[ SF\. DCFZT
NLGL TFc,LD SM. :8Fg00" NLGL ;\:YFYL CF\;, GYL slG5}6TFf CF\;, SZL ,LWL K[P A<S[ H~ZT TM
SZL A<S[ VF AFZFDF\ T[ 5MTFGL V\UT SFA[l,ITM V[ JFTGL K[ S[ 0MP GFIS VgIMG[ JVh SZJFG[
TYF JF\RG 5Z EZM;M WZFJ[ K[P H[YL VF ;J"G]\ AN,[ T[ B]N V<,FC TVF,F GL ÔT
V[ S SFZ6 T[ D GL D] Â :,D pdDTGF .HDF. TYF l;OTMGF lJX[ .<D CF\;, SZJF 5Z
VS³LNFVMYL V7FGTF CMI XS[ K[P 5Z\T] V[S VgI wIFG VF5[P H[ Xb;G]\ 5MTFG] H .DFG NFJ
JFTGL XÉITF 56 GSFZL GYL XSTF S[ 0MP 5Z ,FU[,] CMI T[ SM. VgIG[ X]\ NLGGL
GFISGM ;FDGM DM8FEFU[ U{Z WD"JF/F ,MSM ;FY[ NFcJT VF5X[ m¦ 0MP GFIS AF{ÂâS N,L,MG[
ZC[ K[ VG[ T[ D 6[ VF AFZFDF\ lJlJW WDM" G F VlWS DCtJ VF5[ K[ H[YL VDM AF{ÂâS N,L,~5[
AFZFDF\ 36L DFlCTL 56 CF\;, SZJFGL ZC[ K[4 V[S V[J]\ ¹ÚF\T V[DGL ;DÙ ZH} SZLV[ KLV[ H[
H[ G F DF8[ VlGJFI" 5 6[ V[ WDM" G L lSTFAMGM V[DGF :JEFJ ;FY[ ;FdITF WZFJ[ K[P
VeIF; SZJM 50[ K[P TM XÉI K[ S[ C[ZO[Z YI[, WFZM S[ V[ S Xb; lN,GL ALDFZLDF\
AF.A,4 EUJT ULTF4 ÃCN]VMGF lJlJW J[N TYF ;50FI[, CMI H[GM .,FH S[J/ VM5Z[XG CMIP
V[JF H 5|SFZGL lSTFAM H[DF\ H}9F B]NFVMGL H}9L 5Z\T] T[ Xb; 5MTFGF .,FHGF DF8[ SM. V[JF
l;OTM sBFl;ITMf J6" J [ , K[ P T[ G F VlWÉTZ .,FH SZGFZGL 5F;[ ÔI H[ VF\BGL ALDFZLGM
5|DF6DF\ VeIF;GF SFZ6[ V[DGF lNDFUDF\ ;FRF lGQ6FT CMI4 TM X]\ V[JF Xb;G[ SM. A]ÂâXF/L
B]NFGL ;FRL l;OTM 56 hF\BL Y. U. CMI VG[ SC[X[ m ÔC[Z K[ S[ SM. 56 Xb; SNFl5 T[G[
T[ VF 5|SFZGL U,TL SZL A[9F CMIP SFZ6 E,[ A]ÂâXF/L GYL 9ZFJL XSTMP CJ[ HZF lJRFZM S[
UD[ T[ CMI4 VD[ V[ 8 ,] ;DÒV[ KLV[ S[ VF J6" J [ , VF\ B GM 0MS8Z VF lN,GL ALDFZLGF
5|SFZGF GFh]S DFD,FVMDF\ 5MTFGL ÒE TYF .,FH DF8[ T{IFZ Y. ÔI VG[ N,L, V[ VF5[ S[
S³ , DG[ B} A H ;FJWFGL5} J " S SFDDF\ ,FJJL T[ 56 l0U| L WFZL K[ H[ Y L V[ G [ V[ JFTGM 5} Z M
Ô[.V[P ÉIF\S V[J]\ G AG[ S[ 5MTFGL SD .<DLGF VlWSFZ K[ S[ T[ SM.56 ALDFZGM .,FH SZL
SFZ6[ TDM ,MSMGL U]DZFCLGM ;AA AGL ÔJP XS[P TM VF5 VFJF 0MS8ZGF AFZFDF\ X]\ ZFI GÞL
VDM V[J]\ GYL SC[TF S[ hFlSZ GFIS lA<S], H SZXMP VDFZF ZH} SZ[, ¹ÚF\TDF\ lJRFZ 5F+ RLH
SDVÞ, jIÂÉT K[ A<S[ VD[ TM VDFZF VF .,FHGM VlWSFZ GYL A<S[ lGQ6FT CMJ] TYF
,BF6DF\ T[DGL U{Z DhCAM 5Z lJXF/ DFc,}DFT SFA[l,IT K[P VFXF K[ S[ 0MP hFlSZ GFIS VDFZM
 
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.XFZM ;DÒ UIF CX[4 S[D S[ VDG[ JF\WM V[DGL T[GM B],F;M V[ K[ S[ V[ DhCAGF
A]Ââ 5Z GYL A<S[ .:,FDL DFgITFVMGF AFZFDF\ DFGJFJF/FVMGM V[ VS³LNM K[ S[ B]NF V[8,M 5FS4
V[DGL DFc,}DFT 5Z K[P K[J8DF\ VDM V[S VgI D]S³¡; VZOF J VFc,F sprRf K[ S[ T[ DFGJLI
JFT 5|lT 56 lGN["X SZJM H~ZL ;DÒV[ KLV[4 TS,LOM4 BFDLVM TYF HhAFT TYF V[C;F;YL
T[ V[ S[ VD]S ,MSM ßIFZ[ SM.GFYL 5|EFlJT Y. VÔ6 K[ T[GF ,LW[ T[ DFGJMGF DF8[ S³FINF 30JF
ÔI K[ TM T[GF lJZ]â SM. JFT ;F\E/JF 5MTFG[ DF8[ HDLG 5Z pTZL VFjIM CTMP
T{ I FZ GYL SZL XSTF4 VG[ V[ jIÂÉTG[ NZ[ S 0MP GFIS VF DFgITFGF U,T CMJFGM NFJM
BFDLYL 5FS ;DH[ K[ P IS³ L GG ¦ 0MP GFISGF SZ[ K[ VG[ 5MTFGF VF NFJFG[ 5]ZJFZ SZJF DF8[
5|X\;SMDF\ 56 V[JF ,MSM H~Z CX[ H[DGL ¹ÂÚDF\ H[ N,L, ,FjIF K[ T[GM HZF VeIF; SZMP ¹ÚF\T
0MP ;FCA H[JL T[H lNDFUJF/L TYF SFA[, jIÂÉT VF5LG[ SC[ K[ S[ 8[5Z[SM0"Z B}A H VlWS 5|DF6DF\
VF8,L DCFG E} , GM lXSFZ SNFl5 GYL Y. AGFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ 5Z\T] SNL SM. V[JL THJLh
XSTLP VD[ V[J]\ ;FlAT SZJF RFCLV[ KLV[ S[ ;FD[ GYL VFJL S[ 8[5Z[SM0"ZGL A[CTZL DF8[ T[G[
0MP GFISYL E}, YJ]\ V[ SM. VGCMGL JFT GYL AGFJGFZM B]N 8[5Z[SM0"Z AGL ÔI4 A<S[ V[YL
S[ H[GF 5Z lJ`JF; SZJM D]xS[, CMIP A<S[ VDM p<8] 8[5Z[SM0"Z AGFJGFZM V[S DFU"NlX"S 5]Â:TSF
DMS³FGL D]GFl;ATYL V[DGL V[S U,TL TDFZL sS[0,MSf K5FJ[ K[ VG[ 8[5Z[SM0"ZGL ;FY[ VF56F
;DÙ ZFBL N.V[ KLV[4 VG[ V[GF DF8[ VDFZ[ CJF,[ SZL VF5[ K[P
N}Z HJFGL H~ZT GYL A<S[ T[DGL V[ H lSTFAYL 0MP GFISGL N,L, VFD TM lA<S], ;CLC
VDM VDFZL JFTG[ ;FlAT SZLV[ KLV[P 0MP GFIS K[ 56 ;JF, V[ K[ S[ VF N,L,G[ VF NFJF ;FD[
5MTFGL lSTFAGF 5[H G\P Z_ 5Z TH;LD TYF 56 SM. ;\A\W GYL H[GF DF8[ V[ ZH} SZJFDF\
C] , } , GL sB] N FG] XZLZ CMJFGL TYF B] N FG] \ VFJL ¦ HZF p5Z J6"J[, B],F;F 5|lT wIFG SZMP
H[ ,MSM TH;LDGL DFgITF WZFJ[ K[ T[VM V[J]\
SM.GFDF\ 5|J[X SZJFGLf DFgITF 5Z RRF" SZTF\
SC[ K[ S[ B]NFG[ DFGJ :J~5DF\ HDLG 5Z V[8,F
V[GF lJZMWDF\ V[S N,L, ZH} SZ[ K[P V[ ,BF6GL
DF8[ VFJJ] 50[ K[ S[ T[ DFGJ EFJGFVM TYF
5ZLÙFtDS ;DLÙF VF5GL ;FD[ CFHZ SZLV[
V[C;F;MYL JFS[lOIT GYL WZFJTMP ßIFZ[ 0MP
KLV[P
GFIS 8[5Z[SM0"ZG]\ ¹ÚF\T VF5LG[ ODF"JL ZæF K[ S[
5FIFGL ZLT[ VF ,BF6DF\ V[S U,T DFgITF V[GF AGFJGFZFV[ T[G[ ;DHJF DF8[ B]N 8[5Z[SM0"Z
sVS³LNMf VG[ T[GL :5Q8TFG[ J6"G SZJFDF\ VFJ[ AGJ]\ GCÄ 50[4 A<S[ T[ V[S DFU"NX"S 5]Â:TSF
K[ VG[ V[GF 5KL V[ U,T DFgITFGF ZNDF\ V[S sS[0,MSf ,BL VF5X[P U]hFlZX V[ K[ S[ S[0,MS
N,L, ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P VFJM4 CJ[ V[S V[S T[ H ,BL XS[ K[ H[ 8[5Z[SM0"ZGF AFZFDF\ Ô6[ K[P
SZLG[ T[ ;J"G]\ 5ZLÙ6 SZLV[ KLV[P H[ G [ V[ G F AFZFDF\ .<D H GYL T[ S[ 0 ,MS
DFgITF V[ K[ S[ VD]S WDM"DF\ 0FIZ[É8 S[ sDFU"NlX"SFf S[JL ZLT[ ,BL XÉX[ m ßIFZ[ S[ TDM
.g0FIZ[É8 ZLT[ C],}, VYJF TH;LDGM VS³LNM B]N SCL ZæF KM S[ 8[5Z[SM0"Z AGFJJFJF/FV[ T[G[
Ô[JF D/[ K[P ;DHJFGF DF8[ sG S[ ;DÔJJF DF8[ f B] N
 
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8[5Z[SM0"Z AGJ]\ GCÄ 50[P JW]DF\ V[ S[ H[DG[ TDM VFJLG[ pEM ZæMP T[GL
5[H 30 G]\ RF,]PP
N,L, VF5L ZæF KM T[DF\ 56 5MTFGF B],F;FDF\ DFX} S ³ F V[ AFZLYL DM\
V[J]\ SCL ZæF K[ S[ B]NF DF6;MGF V[C;FGM .<D SF-I]\ VG[ A\G[J VF5;DF\ JFTM SZJF ,FuIF\P
H GYL WZFJTM H[YL T[GFYL DFlCTUFZ YJF DF8[ ZFTYL ,.G[ ;JFZ ;]WL JFTM H SZTF\ ZæF\P
HDLG 5Z VFJ[ K[P CJ[ TDFZL VF N,L,YL T[ ßIFZ[ ;JFZGL VhFG Y. TM T[D6[ ;DßI]\ S[
,MSM S[JL ZLT[ ;\T]Q9 YX[ m¦ CS³LS³T V[ K[ S[ 0MP
SNFR CÒ .XFGL VhFG Y. K[P 5Z\T] ßIFZ[
GFIS[ ÔT[ H V[S JF\WM 5[X SIM" H[GM B],F;M 56
;FZL ZLT[ Ô[I]\ TM ;JFZGM ;DI CTMP V[8,FDF\
J6"G SIM" 56 T[GF ZNGF DF8[ H[ N,L, ,FjIF T[
UIAYL VJFH VFjIM S[4 C[ I]JFG ¦ T[\ :+LGF
V[GF ;FY[ T¡G V;\UT K[P sD[/ BFTL GYLf
.xS³DF\ ;F\HYL ;JFZ SZL NLWL4 SNL B]NFGL
TDMV[ Ô[I]\ S[ 0MP GFIS 5MTFGL H ,B[,L
IFNDF\ 56 VFJ]\ SZJFDF\ VFjI]\ K[ m¦ ßIFZ[ V[
JFTG[ ;CLC ZLT[ ;DHJF DF8[ V;DY" K[P CJ[
V[JF Xb;YL X]\ V;\EJ K[ S[ T[ U,TLVMDF\ 50[ I]JFG[ VF VJFH ;F\E?IM TM TZT H TF{AF SZL
H[G] VDM 5|YD lJUT[ J6"G SZL R}ÉIF VG[ H[G[ ,LWL VG[ NZAFZ[ CÞ³DF\ DXU}, Y. UIMP T[
ÔC[ Z SZJF DF8[ VF ;3/] ,BF6 VÂ:TtJDF\ JBT[ XIB], .:,FD[ Vz]DI VF\B[ ODF"jI]\ S[
VFjI]\P VF V:ZFZ sE[NMfDF\YL V[S V[ K[ S[ T[ 5FKM
;FZF\ X 4 VCÄ VDFZ[ T[ D GL V[ S V[ J L HTM ZæMP TM C[ N]ZJ[X ¦ H[G[ VF 5|SFZGM XMB
DFgITF sVS³LNFfG[ AFlT, CMJFG]\ ÔC[Z SZJ]\ CT]\ Y. UIM T[ E,F ÉIFZ[ U{ZYL p<OT SZ[ K[ m¦
H[GM ;\A\W SM. O]~. D;F.,YL CZlUh GYL VG[ 5KL V[ DMS³FGL D]GFl;ATYL ODF"jI]\ S[
G T[ O]~. D;F., WFZLG[ GhZ V\NFh SZL N[JFDF\ V[SJFZ DHG}V[ ;F\E?I]\ S[ ,{,F ;NS³M VF5L
VFJL XS[ K[4 A<S[ DFD,M .,FlCIFTYL ;\A\lWT ZCL K[P T[6[ p9LG[ ,FS0FGM %IF,M CFYDF\ ,LWM
K[ H[GF AFZFDF\ HZF ;ZBL p65 .DFGGL ;\5}6" VG[ ,{ , FGL VF;5F; OZJF ,FuIMP ,{ , FV[
AAF"NLGL 5}J" E}lDSF ;FlAT Y. XS[ K[P ;F{G[ SF\. G SF\. VF%I]\4 5Z\T] DHG}G[ SF\. G
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Azsft (Bjfô: VC, ( ) GGT J HDFVT D:,S (VFC, F CHZT

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