EE-103

ElectricalEngineering

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 Instructor
Rumshaa Yunus

Department of Mechanical Engineering

NUST

rumshaayunus@hotmail.com

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 Lab Assistant
Faisal Mehmood

Department of Robotics and ArtificialIntelligence

NUST

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 Text Books
• Electric Circuits by James W. Nilsson and Susan A.
Riedel
• Engineering Circuit Analysis by Jack Ellsworth
Kemmerly and William H.Hayt

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 Grading Policy
• Assignments 5%
• Quizzes 15%
67%
• 2 x OHT 30%
• Final 50% 100%

• Lab work (12) 33%

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 Objectives andOutcomes

Provide strong foundation for upcoming courses in Mechanical Engineering.

No. CourseOutcomes Book

1. Basic components and electric circuits

2. Voltage and current laws

Electric Circuits
3. Basic nodal and mesh analysis

4. Circuit analysis techniques &

5. Basic RLand RCcircuit
Engineering Circuit
6. The RLCcircuit
Analysis
7. Capacitors and Inductors

8. Operational amplifiers

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What is Electrical Engineering

The study of Electricity along with its numerous

applications

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 A brief history
• In 1600, William Gilbert called the
property of attracting particles after
being rubbed “electricus”.

• 1800 – voltaic pile developed by

Alessandro Volta, a precursor to the
battery

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 A brief history
• 1831 – Michael Faraday discovers
electromagnetic induction

• 1873 – Electricity and Magnetism

published by James Maxwell, describing
a theory for electromagnetism

• 1888 – Heinrich Hertz transmits and

receives radio signals
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 A brief history

• 1941 – Konrad Zuse introduces the

first ever programmablecomputer

• 1947 – invention of transistor

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 A brief history
• 1958 – integrated circuit developed
by Jack Kilby

• 1968 – first microprocessor is

developed

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 Field ofstudy
• Power:
Creation, storage, and distribution of electricity

• Control:
Design of dynamic systems and controllers for the
systems

• Electronics/Microelectronics:
Design of integrated circuits, microprocessors, etc.

• Signal Processing:
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Analysis of signals
 Field ofstudy
• Telecommunications:
Design of transmission systems (voice, data)

• Computer:
Design and development of computer systems

• Instrumentation:
Design of sensors and data acquisition equipment

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Problem SolvingStrategy

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 Units ofMeasurement
• The metric system was originally established in France in
1795.

• The International System of Units (abbreviated SI after

the French name, Le Système International d’Unités) is a
revised version of the metric system.

• The SI was adopted by international agreement in1960.

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 Units ofMeasurement
• There are seven SI BaseUnits
SI baseunits. Quantity SIbase Symbol
unit
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Temperature kelvin K
Time second s
Amount of
mole mol
substance
Luminou
candela cd
s
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intensity
Electric current ampere A
 Units ofMeasurement
• The table below shows list of prefixes and their symbols.

Commonly Used Metric Prefixes

Prefix Symbol Meaning Factor
mega M 1 million times larger than the unit it precedes 106
kilo k 1000 times larger than the unit it precedes 103
deci d 10 times smaller than the unit it precedes 10-1
centi c 100 times smaller than the unit it precedes 10-2
milli m 1000 times smaller than the unit it precedes 10-3
micro μ 1 million times smaller than the unit it precedes 10-6
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nano n 1 billion times smaller than the unit it precedes 10-9
pico p 1 trillion times smaller than the unit it precedes 10-12
 Scientific Notation
• Very large and very small numbers are represented
with scientific Notation.
• In scientific notation, a quantity is expressed as a
product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power
of ten (10x).
• For Example
47,000,0.0 = 4.7 x 105
0.00022 = 2.2 x 10-4

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 Examples
• Question: In a certain digital integrated circuit, a logic
gate switches from the on state to off state in 1 ns. This
corresponds to what value in Pico seconds(ps)?
Answer: 1000 ps

• Question: Add 2 x 106 and 5 x 107 and express the result

in scientific notation?
Answer:
Express both numbers in the same power of ten
2 x 106 and 50 x106
Add 2 + 50 = 52
Sum: 52 x 106 19
≃5 .2 x107
 Examples
• Question: Convert 5000 nanoamperes to microampere?
Answer: 5000 nA= 5000 x 10-9
= 5 x 103 x 10-9
= 5µ A
• Question: Convert 0.00022 microfarad to picofarads?
Answer: 0.00022µF= 0.00022 x 10-6
= 220 x 10-6 x 10-6
= 220 pF
• Question: Add 15mA and 8000 µA and express the sum in
milliamperes.
Answer: 15 x 10-3 + 8000 x 10-6
= 15 x 10-3 + 8 x 10-3 20
= 23 mA
 Basic Concepts
• Electricity
• Charge
• Current
• Voltage
• Power

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 Electricity
Physical phenomenon arising from the existence
and interactions of electriccharge

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 Charge
• Characteristic property of subatomic particles
responsible for electric phenomena

Electron
- + Proton

-1.602 x 10-19 C 1.602 x 10-19 C

• The unit of quantity of electric charge is
coulomb (C)
1 coulomb =6.25 x 1018 e
e=elementary charge=charge of proton 23
 Charge
• Charged particles exhibit forces

- -
Like charges repel each other

- +
Opposite charges attract one another 24
 Current
• Describes charge in motion, the flow ofcharge

• The SI unit of charge is coulomb (C).

• The SI unit of current is ampere (A).
• One ampere is one coulomb per second. 25
 Current

Two different methods of labeling thesame current.

(a,b) Incomplete, improper, and incorrect definitions of a 26

current. (c) the correct definition of i1(t).
 Current
Question: In the wire below, electrons are
moving left to right to create a current of 1mA.
Determine I1and I2.

Answer: I1 = -1 mA, I2 = +1mA

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 Voltage
• Driving force of electrical current between
two points.

• The unit of voltage is volt (V).

• One volt is one joule per coulomb.

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 Voltage

(a, b) These are inadequate definitions (a, b) Terminal B is 5 V positive 29

of a voltage. (c) A correct definition with respect to terminal A; (c,d)
includes both a symbol for the variable terminal A is 5 V positive with
and a plus-minus symbol pair. respect to terminalB.
 Example
Question: For the element in figure below, if
V1= 17V. Determine V2.

Answer:
V2= -17V
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